初中英语语法 冠词和介词

--- 冠词Articles

冠词作为一种虚词，是用来修饰名词的。冠词分为不定冠词、

定冠词和零冠词。

✧不定冠词a和an

1. a ---- e.g. a book / a hospital （用在以辅音字母开头的单词前面）

2. an ---e.g. an apple/ an engineer/ an actor/ (用于以元音字母开头的单词前)

特例：

a university/ a European an honest man/ an hour

✧定冠词the

1.之前提到过的人或事物，当再次提起此物或人时，用

the：

e.g. There is a box in the room. And the box is mine.

Judy bought a card. The card cost 5 dollars.

2. 说话双方都知道的人或事，我们也用the:

e.g. Please close the door.

Excuse me. Where is the hospital?

It’s over there by the bank.

3. 当那人或事物是独一无二时，我们也用the:

e.g. Beijing is the capital of China.

It has many attractions such as the Eiffel Tower.

在专有名词(国名/组织机构名/建筑物名)前the Great Wall the Yellow River

the Summer Palace the UK

the WTO the History Museum

the Alps the People’s Republic of China

4. 用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族。

e.g. the Chinese 中国人the rich 富人the

old 老人the young 年轻人the

dead 死者the blind 聋人

the poor 穷人

零冠词(就是不需要加任何冠词)

1.交通工具名词前不用冠词

e.g. by car坐汽车by ship 坐船

by plane坐飞机on foot 步行

2. 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。

e.g. have breakfast/ lunch/ supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

3.一些地点的名词，如：bed/church/school/hospital/home/work等，不加冠词。

e.g. go home回家go to school去上学

go to church去教堂祈祷in hospital住院

go to work上班

---介词Preposition

表示空间关系的介词

表示时间关系的介词

表示方位关系的介词

about关于、有关

This is a book about how to improve reading skills.

…怎么样（习惯用语）

What about taking a break? (what about doing sth.)

at在…（地点）

at home at school at the corner of the street

at the barber’s在理发店

在…（时间）

at lunch at Christmas at midnight

at the beginning of at the moment

at noon/night at the same time at dawn在黎明at 12 o’clock

以、按… (速度、价格)

at the speed of 40 miles at three dollars

for （表示目的、目标、用途）为…，替…，给…

There is a letter for you.

He came here for a meeting.

They prepared for the exam.

(表示方向、倾向、能力)向、往

The ship is for London.

They went out for lunch.

She has a gift(天赋) for foreign languages.

（表示时间、距离、数量）历经、计、达

The weather has been cold for an entire week.

We walked for miles.

He has lived here for 5 years.

支持、赞成

I’m for Mr. Brown.

Are you for this plan?

(表示原因)因为、由于

He was punished for stealing.

当做、作为

She gave me a watch for my birthday.

就…而言

That’s so important for a student.

in（表时间）在…期间

The war broke out in 1941.

（表时间）在…后

He will come back in a week.

on （表时间）在星期几、某日、某日早晨、中午、晚上He came on the morning of May 1.

We have no lesson on Sunday.

（表关系）关于、有关

I bought a book on gardening.我买了一本关于园艺的书。with (表同伴、同道)和…在一起