verbal communication

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跨文化 Verbal Communication

5.2 The nation and types of verbal communication 1Definition of verbal communicationVerbal communication refers to how people communicateby verbal means,i.e.through the oral use of words or in a written way. 2The elements and featuresVerbal communication has three elements:the participants of communication,the purpose of the communication andthe setting.(1)participants:verbal communication can happenbetween a speaker and a listener or a speaker and a groupof listeners.(2)the purpose:any verbal communication is made tofulfill certain communicative purposes.(3)setting:setting includes temporal and spatial as well asany background information about the speakers such astheir psychology,their age,education level.3The elements and featuresVerbal communication has following features:1.It is dynamic.Oral communication,as an important type of verbal communication,is always dynamic.The speakerexpresses his thoughts through words,which aretransmitted to the listener's ears.The whole process isalways changing and cannot be repeated.2.It is interactive.Verbal communication happensbetween speakers and listeners.The two sides interact with each other to achieve communicative purposes.3.It is restrained by social context.Verbal communication takes place in certain context.Ifwe cannot adjust our communication to context,it willresult in communicative failure.4.It is irreversible.Once taking place,a verbal communication cannot be reversed.简写The elements and featuresVerbal communication has following features:1.It is dynamic.2.It is interactive.3.It is restrained by social context.4.It is irreversible.4The principlesPrinciple(1):cooperative principleWhile making verbal communication,the participants should follow certain principles to fulfill the communicative purposes.One of the important principlesis cooperative principle.Specifically,we should pay attention to the following points:(1)Accuracy of the information.The speaker should provide the accurate information and the listener tries to get the accurate information.(2)True information.The information transmitted should be true,otherwise the communicative attempt will be a failure.(3)Relevance of the information.The speaker and listener revolve around a relevant rather than rrelevant topics.Principle(2):politeness principlePoliteness principle has different realizations in different cultures.But its essence is to be polite to and show your respect for your partner so that the verbal communication can go on smoothly.简写The principlesPrinciple1 :cooperative principle(1)Accuracy of the information.(2)True information.(3)Relevance of the information.Principle2 :politeness principle5Culture difference in verbal communication(1)dragon(龙)Since the ancient times,龙has been regarded by the Chinese as the incarnation of their ancestor.They like to address themselves as the offspring of龙.In China,the traditional symbols of royalty are the dragon and phoenix. To Westerners,however,the dragon is often a symbol of evil.In Bible,the devil,is called“the great dragon. When the word is used to refer to a person,it is always inderogatory sense.E.g.she is a bit of dragon around the place.(2)phoenix(风凰)In Chinese mythology,the“phoenix‘is regarded as the king of birds.The phoenix is considered by Chinese as a creature of good omen.As the traditional symbol of royalty,the phoenix stands for the queen.The phoenix is also used in metaphors,standing for something rare and precious,for example,“凤毛麟角”The phoenix,in Western mythology,is associated with rebirth and resurrection.According to Greek legend,the phoenix lives a certain number of years-500by one account.At the end of the period,it makes a nest,sings a death song,and then sets fire to its nest by flapping his wings.The phoenix is burned to ashes,but from these ashes emerges a new bird.E.g.like the legendary phoenix,it will rise from the ashes in new splendor.(3)bat(蝙蝠)To Chinese,the bat is a symbol of good fortune,well-being,and happiness-all positive qualities.The reason for such associations is probably that the name of the creature is pronounced the same as the word“福”Thus the traditional design that shows the batand the deer together is very popular in China,because“蝠鹿，is pronounced the same as福禄，good fortune,happiness,wealthand position.In the Western countries,the bat is usually associated withnegative qualities.As blind as a bat,crazy as a bat,he is a bitbatty(他有点反常)are typically expressions of the negative associations.简写Culture difference in verbal communication(1)dragon(龙)(2)phoenix(风凰)(3)bat(蝙蝠)5Culture difference in verbal communicationDifferences in individual sounds1)Chinese sounds are not distinguished by length,but English sounds are2)Sounds may occur in one language but not the other.So people tend to replace the sounds with the ones in their own language,resulting in com municative failure.3)English sounds are pronounced differently in different contexts,but Ch inese sounds are not.So his words will sound foreign and unnatural to a native English speaker's ear when a Chinese ignores the sound variants.Verbal Communication Styles-1 Language is an important way of communication.We can communicate successfully if we master the language.Five communication stylesDirect and indirect stylesElaborate, exacting and succinct stylesPersonal and contextual stylesInstrumental and affective stylesself-enhancement and self-effacement stylesrecognize differences in communication stylesunderstand cultrual differencesavoid intercultural communication failure。

英语作文 communication

Communication is a vital aspect of human interaction,enabling individuals to share ideas,emotions,and information.It is the cornerstone of personal relationships, professional collaborations,and societal cohesion.Lets delve into the different facets of communication,its importance,and the various forms it takes.Verbal Communication:Verbal communication involves the use of spoken words to convey messages.It is the most common form of communication and can be further divided into formal and informal styles.The clarity of verbal communication depends on the speakers articulation, tone,and choice of words.Effective verbal communication requires active listening, where the receiver pays close attention to the speakers message and provides feedback to ensure understanding.NonVerbal Communication:Nonverbal communication encompasses body language,facial expressions,gestures,eye contact,and even the physical space between individuals.These nonspoken cues can significantly impact the interpretation of a message.For instance,a firm handshake can convey confidence,while avoiding eye contact might suggest dishonesty or discomfort. Written Communication:Written communication is the exchange of information through text,whether it be letters, emails,or social media posts.It allows for a permanent record of the message and can be revisited for clarification or reference.The clarity of written communication hinges on the writers ability to express thoughts coherently and concisely.Grammar,punctuation, and spelling are essential components of effective written communication.Digital Communication:With the advent of technology,digital communication has become increasingly prevalent. This includes emails,instant messaging,video conferencing,and social media.Digital communication offers the advantage of immediacy and accessibility but also presents challenges such as misinterpretation due to the lack of nonverbal cues and the potential for information overload.Cultural Considerations in Communication:Communication is not universal it is heavily influenced by cultural factors.Different cultures have unique norms and expectations regarding communication styles,which can affect the interpretation of messages.Understanding and respecting these cultural nuances is crucial for effective crosscultural communication.Barriers to Communication:Despite its importance,communication can be hindered by various barriers.These include language differences,emotional barriers,physical distance,and noise or distractions.Overcoming these barriers requires patience,empathy,and the use of appropriate communication strategies.The Role of Communication in Conflict Resolution:Effective communication is essential in resolving conflicts.It allows parties to express their viewpoints,understand each others perspectives,and work towards a mutually acceptable solution.Active listening,empathy,and clear articulation of thoughts are key to successful conflict resolution through communication.Developing Communication Skills:To improve communication skills,one must practice active listening,be aware of nonverbal cues,and continually refine their verbal and written expression.Additionally, adapting communication styles to suit different audiences and contexts is crucial.In conclusion,communication is a multifaceted process that plays a central role in our daily lives.It is not just about the exchange of information but also about understanding, empathy,and connection.By enhancing our communication skills,we can foster stronger relationships and contribute to a more harmonious society.。

unit-4-verbal-communication

Cultural-Loaded words
Same word, different connotation 龙：龙颜、龙袍、龙椅、龙心大喜
dragon: monster
知识分子: in China, it refers to those people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters who have had a college education.
A new broom sweeps clean. Many hands make light work. Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Killing two birds with one stone.
Haste makes waste. Beauty is just skin deep. Give a person a dose of his own medicine. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Where there’s smoke there’s fire. The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
Strike while the iron is hot. Out of sight, out of mind. Birds of a feather flock together. Look before you leap. Where there is a will, there is a way. All good things must come to an end.

人际沟通Interpersonal communication

人际沟通Interpersonal communicationInterpersonal communication is generally divided into two types: verbal and nonverbal语言沟通和非语言沟通.In most interpersonal communication在大多数人际沟通中, verbal and nonverbal communications are not mutually exclusive语言和非语言的沟通并不相互排斥. Instead, the destination’s interpretation of a message is generally based both on the words contained in the message and on such nonverbal factors as the source’s gestures and facial expressions.言语沟通verbal communicationVerbal communication uses either spoken or written words to share information with others.言语是人际沟通的主要手段。

利用言语交流信息时，只要参与交流的各方对情境的理解高度一致，所交流的意义就损失得最少。

特别是言语沟通伴随着合适的副言语和其他非言语手段时更能完美地传达信息。

社会心理学家研究言语沟通的重点放在说者和听者是怎样合作以及对信息的理解是怎样依赖于沟通情境和社会背景的。

谈话的规则言语沟通要遵循一定的规则。

这些规则通常是不成文的共同的默契。

谈话规则在不同社会、不同文化、不同团体和不同职业之间有所差别。

但也有一些普遍性的规则。

例如:一方讲话时对方应注意倾听;不要轻易打断对方的谈话;一个时间只能有一个人讲话,一个人想讲话,必须等别人把话讲完；要注意用词文雅,等等。

《跨文化交际与礼仪》教学课件—Verbal Communication

3.2 Forms of Address
3.1 Introduction--- Verbal Communication
Definition of VC
VC refers to the communication that is carried out either in oral or in written form with the use of words.
Learn how to address people Learn how to make a conversation Learn how to be a visitor/host Proper way to show gratitude and apology Learn the differences between Chinese and English compliments
3.2 Forms of Address
Summary of addressing people
Chinese
English
Formal Relationship/ Situation
Surname+Title
Title+Surname
Neutral Relationship/ Situation
VC takes place when
people are chatting with their friends, discussing an issue in a group, or making a public speech. VC takes placVeCwthaeknes place
when university students are composing an article, finishing a professor’s assignment on campus, the employees are writing a report t to their managers in a company by email.

北京大学出版社《跨文化交际》unit 3-4 verbal communication

Example: Father

A male parent of a child or animal: a person who is acting as a father to a child (These are the denotation of father) Sometimes when we think about “father”, we remind of the responsibility, qualities, respecting, stern. (These are the connotation of father).
Cultural differences in denotative meaning

Each culture creates certain vocabulary to describe environments in those contexts, so the absence of certain objects, events, concepts or state in one culture will result in the absence of the necessary vocabulary to refer to them. 炕，节气，关系，太极拳，功夫，德育，红卫兵，三纲五常。 Thanksgiving Day, parliament, motel.
Cultural equivalence
a) Green associated with Plants & Spring At பைடு நூலகம்he sight of green, our first reaction may be plants and vegetables. Therefore, we have a lot of words relating “green” to trees, vitality, spring etc. For example, --a person with a “green finger/thumb” must be skillful at gardening; -- “green winter” is a warm winter with no snow.

跨文化交际主要名词解释

1.verbal communication1.言语交际V erbal intercultural communications happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.当来自不同文化背景的人们用语言进行交流时言语交际就发生了。

2.非言语信号：（狭义）noverbal communication refers to intertional use of non-spoken symbol to communicate a specific message .运用非言语符号传达特定信息的交际行为。

（广义）refers to elements of the environment that communicate by virtue of people’s use of them.人们交际时运用的环境因素。

municative context;Communicative context is more likely to affect our communication with those who have different culture from ours or hold our language as their second language.情境context交际发生的环境并且有助于解释交际内容的含义。

The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. It’s the information that surrounds an event, it is in extricably bound up with the meaning of the event.4.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,values,and norms,which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，规范的公认的解释，这些信仰，价值观，规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。

communication

CommunicationIntroductionCommunication is an essential aspect of human interaction. It plays a vital role in conveying messages, ideas, and emotions between individuals or groups. Effective communication is not just about speaking; it involves listening, understanding, and responding appropriately. In this document, we will explore the different types of communication, the importance of effective communication, and some techniques to improve communication skills.Types of CommunicationCommunication can be classified into various types based on the medium, purpose, or participants involved. The main types of communication include:1.Verbal Communication: This involves the use ofspoken or written words. It is the most common form ofcommunication and can take place in various settings such as conversations, meetings, presentations, or interviews.2.Non-Verbal Communication: Non-verbalcommunication includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice. It often complements verbalcommunication and helps convey emotions or emphasis on certain points.3.Written Communication: Written communicationinvolves the use of written words to convey messages. Itincludes emails, letters, memos, reports, or any otherwritten documents.4.Visual Communication: Visual communicationutilizes visual aids such as charts, graphs, diagrams, orpresentations to convey information. It is especially useful in situations where complex data needs to be simplifiedand easily understandable.5.Interpersonal Communication: Interpersonalcommunication refers to communication between two or more individuals. It involves direct interactions, and theeffectiveness of this type of communication depends onfactors such as listening skills and the ability to understand and respond appropriately.6.Group Communication: Group communicationoccurs when individuals exchange information within agroup setting. It can be formal, such as during businessmeetings, or informal, like casual discussions amongfriends or colleagues.7.Mass Communication: Mass communication refersto communication that takes place on a large scale andtargets a wide audience. It includes media channels such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, or social media platforms.Importance of Effective CommunicationEffective communication is crucial in various aspects of personal and professional life. Here are some reasons why it is vital to develop good communication skills:1.Building Relationships: Effective communicationhelps establish and maintain healthy relationships. Itfosters trust, understanding, and openness betweenindividuals or groups.2.Workplace Efficiency: In a professional setting,efficient communication ensures smooth workflow andproductivity. It helps in delegating tasks, sharinginformation, and providing feedback.3.Conflict Resolution: Good communication skills areessential for resolving conflicts and addressingmisunderstandings. By expressing opinions and concerns clearly, individuals can find common ground and reach amutually beneficial solution.4.Customer Satisfaction: In business, effectivecommunication is paramount in delivering exceptionalcustomer service. Proper communication ensurescustomers’ needs and complaints are addressed promptly and satisfactorily.5.Personal Development: Developing goodcommunication skills helps boost self-confidence and self-expression. It enables individuals to articulate theirthoughts and ideas effectively, leading to personal growth and development.Techniques to Improve Communication SkillsImproving communication skills requires practice and dedication. Here are some techniques that can help enhance your communication abilities:1.Active Listening: Actively listen to others by giving them your full attention. Avoid interrupting or formulating responses while the other person is speaking. Ask clarifying questions to ensure a clear understanding.2.Clear and Concise Messages: Deliver messages in a clear and concise manner. Use simple language and avoid jargon or complex terms that may confuse the listener.3.Non-Verbal Communication: Pay attention to your body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. Use appropriate gestures and maintain eye contact when communicating with others.4.Empathy: Put yourself in the other person’s shoes and try to understand their perspective. Show empathy and respond accordingly, which enhances effective communication.5.Feedback: Seek and provide feedback on your communication skills. Ask for suggestions from others and be open to constructive criticism. Actively work on improving areas for development.6.Practice: Regular practice is crucial for improving communication skills. Engage in activities like public speaking, group discussions, or role-playing exercises to gain confidence and enhance your abilities.7.Cultural Awareness: Be mindful of cultural differences when communicating with people from diverse backgrounds. Respect cultural norms and adapt yourcommunication style to ensure effective cross-cultural interactions.ConclusionEffective communication is the foundation of successful relationships, both personal and professional. By understanding the various types of communication, recognizing the importance of effective communication, and practicing techniques to improve communication skills, individuals can become better communicators. Developing these skills can lead to enhanced understanding, stronger connections, and improved overall quality of life.。

交流方式的利弊英语作文

交流方式的利弊英语作文英文回答：Communication is a fundamental human activity that allows us to share information, ideas, and emotions with others. There are various modes of communication, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.Advantages of Different Communication Modes:Verbal Communication:Allows for immediate feedback and clarification.Provides rich context and nuance through tone of voice and body language.Fosters personal connections and relationship building.Written Communication:Offers a permanent record of information.Allows for careful consideration and editing before conveying messages.Can be disseminated to a wider audience.Nonverbal Communication:Communicates emotions, attitudes, and relationships without words.Can be used alongside verbal or written communication to enhance the message.Helps establish trust and reduce misunderstandings.Disadvantages of Different Communication Modes:Verbal Communication:Can be limited by time constraints.Noise and distractions can interfere with message reception.Misinterpretations can occur due to differences in perception.Written Communication:Lacks the immediate feedback and nonverbal cues of face-to-face communication.Can be impersonal and difficult to convey emotions.May be prone to misunderstandings if not written clearly.Nonverbal Communication:Can be ambiguous and open to interpretation.Cultural differences can lead to misinterpretations.May not be suitable for all situations.Conclusion:Different modes of communication have their unique advantages and disadvantages. Effective communication requires choosing the most appropriate mode based on the specific situation, target audience, and message to be conveyed. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each communication mode, we can optimize our communication strategies and enhance our interactions with others.中文回答：不同交流方式的利弊。

verbal communication

Asian writing style
Approach by indirection. 迂回的方式 Paragraph development goes in a widening circle The subject is described in terms of what it is not rather than what it is. It is never looked at directly. This results in what is perceived as a lack of clarity and directness.
Kaplan, Robert. (1966) Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-Cultural Education. Language Learning 16 (1-2), 11-25
English essay structure
Introduction states your premise, then you use facts and examples to back it up, sometimes with subdivisions, and then you draw a conclusion. All to usually prove or argue a point. This is linear thinking. 线性思考
The divine land of China has its rivers flowing across; the brilliant culture of China has its roots tracing back long…The light-some dragon-boats appear on the river as though the stars twinkle in the Milky Way. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendid awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a fairyland or a mere dream? Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying about. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are the fireworks, which present you a picture of fiery trees and silver flowers. Circling are the lantern-dancers, who present you a variation of exquisite manner. Over there the motor boats are plowing the waters, thus a tide stirs up. Over there the marksmen are shooting to their targets, thus colorful beads whirl around. Besides, the birds' chirping, the potted landscape's charm, the exhibition of arts and painting, all claim a strong appeal to you. Therefore, we should say, XXX is a city of no night; its Dragon-boat Festival a gathering of heroes.

跨文化交际unit6 verbal communication-课件

❖ Language: a system of arbitrarily chosen, conventionalized, vocal, graphic or gesture symbols serving the needs of communication among the members of a gives hovering over rugged old trees wreathed with rotten vine---the day is about done.
❖ 夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 ❖ Yonder is a tiny bridge
over a sparkling stream,
❖ 2) overlapping of denotative meaning ❖ In addition to total equivalence of words and absence
equivalence in denoting of certain referents, cultures also overlap in the denotation of certain vocabulary. 3. Cultural differences in connotative meaning 1) words with same denotation but different connotation. a. color words b. animal words c. numbers
❖ ☻ Meanings of words are personal.
❖ ☻ Meanings of words are also culture specific.
2. Cultural differences in denotative meaning:

Verbal-communication

Content
•1
Definition
•2
Significance
• 3 Forms/styles (respective
• definitions & characteristics)
• 4 Cultural differences
• 5 Related studies / researches
•6
References
1How do you define verbal communication

Everyone's mind is having different opinions about the
definition of verbal communication
• Verbal communication can be defined as communicating your thoughts through words. Such thoughts may be ideas, opinions, directions, dissatisfaction, objections, your emotions and pleasures.
1.Direct and indirect styles 2.Self-enhancement and self-effacement . 3.Elaborate and exacting styles (详细和严格) 4.Personal and contextual styles （个人和语境）
2.significance
significance
Verbal communication is one way for people to communicate face-to-face.

跨文化交际--Unit-5-verbal-communication

Idioms习惯用语
• It’s raining cats and dogs. - It’s raining heavily.
• put one’s foot in one’s mouth - someone blunders by saying something he should not have.
的
– never-ending: everlasting 不停的
Synonyms
• 区分下列同义词：
同义词
– job
– vocation: job的正式用语
– profession: 脑力劳动者的职业
– field: 广义的职业“领域”
– occupation: 与vocation意思相近
– specialization: 具体的一个专长
UNIT 5
Verbal Communication
在全球化时代，要达到更高的成功几率，须努力成为具有全球视野的国际化人才。学好至少一门外语是必要的，但国际化人才最基本的素质是跨文化沟通能力。这是一种能够超越本族文化，跨越不同文化鸿沟，穿透不同文化壁垒，在多元文化的环境中游刃有余的能力。因此，你的外语语言能力必须建立在理解不同文化的价值观体系和行为规范模式之上，其最终表现是能够适应、掌控和化解多元文化环境中的矛盾和冲突。
• keep one’s hand in: • do activity in order to remain skilled at
it. • within arm’s reach; • sth.which you can reach easily. • ask for a woman’s hand; • to propose marriage. • put one’s finger on sth.: • to identify an error, or cause of a

跨文化交际(Verbal Communication)PPT

The significance of words in different languages
• E.g. In Arabic, the camel plays significant roles in people’s life, so there are more than 40 words for “camel”.
Nothing is more important than rice to the Chinese, so we have expressions like “人是铁，饭 know: The relation between words and their meanings are arbitrary. Words in themselves do not carry the meaning. The meaning comes out of the context.
E.g. The best fish swim near the bottom. （好鱼居水底）比喻“有价值的东西不会轻易得到”. He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet. （要像抓鱼就不能怕弄湿衣。比喻意义与汉语谚语“要吃龙肉，就得亲自下海”相似）
Language as a Reflection of the Environment
Language reflects the environment in which we live and we label the things that are around us.
E.g. people in the Amazon area do not have a word for snow. Most Americans use terms such as snow, powder snow, sleet, slush, blizzard, and ice.

跨文化交际第2章

Connotational meaning (隐含意义)

Example: The Color of Red In Chinese red implies “happy, joyous, auspicious, flourishing.” The Chinese use red lanterns, red antithetical couplets, red dresses, red candles, red flowers and the like when we are in celebration. In English, red is usually associated with sth. undesirable, e.g., “red flags” denotes “danger”, “in the red” means “deficit in finance.”
Strength Faith Truth
Arabic countries
Business Implications

International businesspersons may encounter problems with such connotational meanings of colors. International marketers need to know what associations certain culture has in terms of colors and how they might affect product design, packaging, and advertising messages.
Word Meaning and Culture

topic 5 verbal communication

Look at two more examples that happened during the Second World War: During World War II, the British government asked the United States for thousands of bushels of ―corn‖ to feed liberated populations. The British really wanted wheat, and this language blunder cost a few million dollars to repair. The British term for corn is ―maize‖ or ―Indian corn‖.
王昌龄
寒雨连江夜入吴，平明送客楚山孤。洛阳亲友如相问，一片冰心在玉壶。 * An sinologist’s translation: Put a piece of icy heart in the vase of jade.
PowerPoint slides by GAO Yali
15
One word or idiom may have a different meaning and implication even in another culture that uses the same language.
PowerPoint slides by GAO Yali
6
Translation
a. 林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。 b. Three cousins of the French Presidents were also to receive diamonds.