国外的英文JAVA论坛

合集下载

基于java的校园论坛网站的开发与设计外文翻译

附录1The application of AjaxSpend a few minutes using your application you selected(browser except),write it down to what user interaction,and then immediately back.For the sake of brevity,I give an example of electronic form,however,points involved here is general enough for various cases,the text editor.Well,we started.First in the spreadsheet to input some equalities,pay attention to,can interact in several ways:edit data,browsing the data using the keyboard and mouse,also can use the mouse to drag to re organize the data.I do these operations,the program gave me feedback.When moving the mouse,the cursor changes shape;when the mouse stops above,button bright;selected text can change color.When a window or dialog box is selected,and usually isnot the same,etc..These are the so-called"rich"interaction.Of course,there are still some room for improvement,but this is a good start.OK,a spreadsheet is a rich client program?Absolutely not.In a spreadsheet or similar desktop applications,business logic and data model is run in a closed environment.In this environment,they clearly understand each other,and can visit each other,and the environment outside of things,is unknown to them.What is the client?It is a separate process of mutual communication program,which is usually run on the server.In general,the server is always bigger than the client,ability,disposition is better,because the server is usually stored multitudeinformation.The client program enables the end users can view and modify the information,when multiple clients connected to the same server,can shareinformation between them.Shows a simple client/server architecture.In the n layer architecture in the modern,the server often and further the back-end server(such as a database)communication,so called"middleware"layeralso plays a role of client and server.End of our Ajax application in the chain,it is only as the client,therefore,for the convenience of discussion,we can put the whole n system as a labeled as"black box server".Spreadsheet applications I only need to manage its own saved a small amount of data in memory or in the local file system.If the design of well structure,couplingform data and it can be very loose,but I can't pass a network to split or sharethem through network.In this sense,the application of electronic form is not a client.The corresponding Web browser is a typical client,which communicate with the Web server,the request page.The browser has abundant functions,used tomanage user browsing behavior,the common function of the back button,the history list and tabbed browsing multiple documents etc..But when we put the site specific Web pages as an application,these general browsing function actuallyand application is,at best,such as spreadsheets and Windows began the relationship between button or the window list.We consider the application of modern Web.For the sake of simplicity,we chose" earth people know"online bookstore.Open the Amazon site in the browser,because before I visited,it will show me a friendlygreeting,somerecommended bibliography,and my purchase history information.Click on any one of the recommended bibliography,will go to another page(at this time,the page to refresh,within a few seconds I what also don't see).The new page is the information relevant to the book review:other books,second-hand books,offer the same author,and other books I read.In short,appears to be very rich,high degree of associated information in front of me.But for me,interactive way is to click on the hyperlink,and then fill in some forms.Suppose I at the keyboard accidentally fell asleep,wake up second days,if not refresh the page,I don't know"Harry Porter"series of books have been published,nor will my list from one page to another page,if I want to see morethings too,because I cannot change the local content area page size.I seem to be in the criticism of the Amazon interface,but it is not the case,I justtook it as an example.In fact,in the traditional Web development of the shackles,they have done very well.But compared to the spreadsheet,and the interaction model is undoubtedly too limited.Why Web is the application of modern still have so many limitations?The currentsituation has some reasonable technical reasons,we have to consider now.The blueprint for the Internet is all the computer in the world are connected,forming a huge computing resources.If the local data and remote invocationequated,then both the analysis of protein components or crack signals from outer space,users need not consider the physical location of the machines,the rest of the computation only pleasure.But unfortunately,the local call and remote invocation is something totally different.Under the current level of technology,the network communication is still a costly things(that is to say,is usually very slow,but unreliable).In the absence of a network called the situation,method and function of different data and theiroperations are located in the same local memory,to transfer data and return the results obtained are very direct.In a remote call,communication in the network at both ends of the two sides to send and receive data requires a lot of computation at the pared with the data back and forth on the line,these calculations require more time consuming.The transmission of a binary data,to go through many steps of coding and decoding,error checking,failure,packet retransmission split andreorganization,data into 0 and 1 binary signal,through the line(or wireless connection to the other party).In the local,call the function call request is encoded as an object,then the object is serialized as a series of bytes,the application layer protocol(usually HTTP)via the physical transmission medium(such as copper cable,optical fiber or radio)send out.On the remote machine,the application layer protocol decoding,the bytedeserialize the data obtained,to create a copy of the requested object.Then the data model is applied to the object and generates a response object.In order to make the response object is passed to the callback function local,all serialization deserialization operation,and the transport layer will be back again.Finally,the response object is passed to the function call local.This interactive process is very complex,but fortunately,it can be done.Modernprogramming environments such Java and Microsoft framework are built with this ability.However,the execution of remote calls,all these operations will still be in the internal execution.If we were using there mote invocation,performance will be affected.That is to say,a remote call is unlikely to have efficiency and local call.What is worse,the instability of network makes the efficiency loss is unpredictable,it is difficult to.In contrast,a local call to run on the local memory,will undoubtedly have an advantage more at this point.And so on,said remote call half a day,between this and the availability of software?The answer is,a relationship.A successful computer user interface must be able to at least level simulation weexperience in the real world.One of the basic rules of interaction is,when wepush,prick or poke about something,it will immediately response.Response timeas long as a little bit out a little,will make people confused,distracted,to shift thefocus from the task at hand to the user interface.Remote calls across the network,need to perform additional operations in great quantities,they tend to put the system to slow down,the user perceived delay.In desktop applications,only when the usability design is very bad,will appear this kind of makes users feel full of bug,unresponsive to the user interface,but in the application of network,what do not get a large number of such interface.Because the network delay is unpredictable,this kind of interface problems oftencome and go like a shadow,it is difficult to carry out the application responsetest.In other words,the network delay is the result of a common cause of the practical application of the interaction.User interface developers for network delay can only assume the worst.Say simply,is to try to make the user interface and network activities unrelated to.Programmers have already created a truly effective and proven solutions,tosolve this problem.To sell a Guan,let us into the real world.In the morning I will do,a very important is to wake my kids go to school.I can stand on the edge of the bed they toss up,chase them up and dressed,but thismethod is very time consuming,it takes me a lot of precious morning timeI want to wake up the children,have a look out the window,often neglected to feed the cat.After the children would ask me to breakfast.As the server process,the children always get up slowly.If I follow the synchronous interaction pattern,will they all day.However,as long as they mumble"I woke up",I can go to do other things,need to come back when they have a look.In computer terms,I need to do is for every child to establish an asynchronous process in a separate thread.After the start,the children will wake up in their ownthreads,the parent thread unnecessary synchronization wait,they afterwards will inform me(which is often asked me to eat).In the process they wake up,I don't need interaction and they,when they had been up and dressed myself,because I have reason to believe that they will do so soon.For any user interface,which is a long established practice,namely to createasynchronous thread,let it in the background who need to calculate a longtimetask,so that the user can continue to do other things.When starting this thread,it is necessary to block the user operation,but after a short period of time can beaccepted,will relieve congestion.Because of the existence of network delay,using asynchronous mode is a good practice to handle any time-consumingremote call.In fact,the network latency problems and solutions related to long-standing.In the old client/server mode,when the poor design of the client program met thehigh load of the server,the user interface will appear delay intolerable.Even in today's Internet era,when to switch the page,if the browser half the things not to,so this situation might be due to network delay caused by.The existing technical conditions,we have no way to remove the network delay,but at least onestrategy,that is the use of asynchronous processing remote calls,isn't it?Worse,for Web developers to do so there is a problem:HTTP protocol is a"request response"mode of the protocol.That is to say,the client requests a document,the server or a return to this document,or tell the client can not findthe document or allows a client to another place to find,also can tell which the client can use the local cache,and so on.To make a long story short,"request response"mode of the protocol is a one-way communication protocol.The clientinitiates a connection to the server,b ut the server can not initiates a connection to the client.Even when the next client,initiate the communication request,forgetful of the server can't remember this client is who(HTTP is a connectionless).Most Web developers to use modern programming language,for example,Java,PHP ,they are familiar with the user session(user session)concept,this is in fact the application server for a remedy can't maintain a connection state of the HTTP protocol.HTTP for the initial design goal well,using some clever processing,it can adapt to the beginning of the design did not consider theoccasion.But the key features of the asynchronous callback scheme of our clientis,will receive two notice,is a time in the thread creation,the other is a time in the end of the thread.The standard HTTP and the traditional Web application model can not provide these.The traditional Web application like Amazon,is built on the concept of the page.Show the user a document,which includes various links and form,the user canaccess further more documentation.This interaction model can support complex data sets on a large scale(like Amazon and other sites have demonstrated),which provides the user experience is enough to meet the needs of business.In ten years,this interaction model laid a deep imprint in our view of theapplication of Internet business.WYSIWYG interface(WYSIWYG)Web authoring tools,making the site more easily to be understood as a stack of pages.The framework of Web server using the state diagram conversion on the pagemodeling.no introduction,the traditional Web application that has been firmlybound in a page refresh operation,as if the refresh is behoove and inevitable,tried processing scheme for any asynchronous never.Of course,no doubt,the traditional Web application must not nothing is right..After all,Amazon in this interaction model to create a successful commercial applications.But this applies to the way Amazon does not necessarily apply to allpeople.Why do you say that?To understand this,we need to study the usermodel(usage pattern).A general discussion of the bicycle and SUV(SUV)merits meaningless.Because they have their own advantages and disadvantages--comfort,speed,fuel consumption or personal identity.Only discussed in particular use mode,this comparison is only meaningful.For example,is to in the rush hour through the center of the city,or to take the whole family,old and young to go on vacation,or just to find a shelter from the rain.In a similar situation like this,can we have a definite object in view to compare.For the user interface,it is the same with.Software usability expert Alan Cooper has written a lot of good articles aboutusage patterns,he defines two main uses:transient(transient)and exclusive(sovereign).Transient applications may use occasionally every day,butalways as a secondary activity,with a sudden.The contrast is sovereign applications,exclusive continued use of application to deal with the user for several hours a day.Many applications have a natural monopoly or transient properties.For example,a word processing software writing is a sovereign application,possible applications also use several transient,such as file management(file open andembed this function will often close the window),dictionary or spell checking tools(many word processing program is also embedded in these functions),andcolleagues contact email and chat tool.For software developers,text editor,debugger or IDE(integrated development environment)is the exclusive.Sovereign applications often use more frequently.Y ou know,a good userinterface is not visible.The measure of a good scale used frequently,is when theuser interface has obvious pause,it affects the user process.For example,from a directory to another directory file to 2 second pause,I can accept with pleasure;but if the two seconds is the place in my is full of passion for paintingsoftware to create an image,or I'm trying to debug a very difficult to deal with thegeneration of code certainly,this makes me feel very uncomfortable.Amazon is a transient application,eBay,Google and most large public Web applications are transient applications.Since the date of birth,the experts had predicted that the traditional desktop applications under Web impact.Over the past ten years,these have not occurred,why?Based on the Web page programfor transient applications is enough,but it is far from enough for a sovereign application.The starting of modern Web browsers and it's original point(a document from a remote server)has not matter,between them like a Swiss Army knife and neolithic hunting tools,it is a world of difference.A variety of interactive components,scripts and plug-ins,these years could not suppress the crazydevelopment,almost forced once again to create a new browsing experience.toprehistoric times visitbrowser.In 1993,netscape founded before the Marc Andreessen(founder of netscape)are lobbying Tim Berners-Lee(founder of Web,the W3C leader)et al.,cited good into a picture label is HTML.A few years ago,a few pioneers began to treat JavaScript as a serious programming language.But on the whole,more people still use it and those whomockwarning box"monkey tricks and click to win awards"advertising a classtogether.The browser wars brought JavaScript a misunderstood,sick children,Ajax can be viewed as his rehabilitation center.As long as the proper guidance,and thento frame it with appropriate,JavaScript will likely become the Internet model citizen.It can really enhance the practicability of Web application,and without forcing users to install additional software,or forcing users to abandon his beloved browser.To obtain mature tools are widely understood can help usachieve this goal.The back of the book design pattern is one such toolmentioned.The promotion and popularization of a new technology,is not only the technical matters,but also social behavior.Once the technology is mature,the people also need to understand how to use it.This step is often by using it to do our very familiar things start.For example,early bicycle called"Trojan wheel"or"pedalinghorse",on his feet tread the reaction force to move forward.As this technology is gradually accepted by the public,then inventors would invent a new way to use,add the pedal,brake,a chain wheel and tire.Each time the invention creation,made the bike in the shadow of more pale horse,that completely disappeared.The same process also occurs in the field of Web development.The technology behind the Ajax have the ability to Web pages into something new somethingcompletely different.Early uses of Ajax try to make Web pages is beginning to look like a"Trojan wheel"neither fish nor fowl.To comprehend the essence of Ajax,we have to forget about the Web page concept,that is to say,we have tobreak these years of experience.In the months after the Ajax officially named,such things have happened a lot.Ajax的应用花几分钟使用一下你选中的应用（浏览器除外），记下它用到了哪些用户交互，然后马上回来。

国内外Java学习论坛汇总

Java论坛汇总：国内Java论坛： -论坛人很多，高手也多，不过好像都在潜水 -也很不错，文章很好，但是就是商业性浓了点。

- 非常有系统性，而且推出的java远程教育是中国最全面的scjp远程教育。

-灰狐动力，有个jfox，而且很多关于企业级应用的东西 -Matrix技术，不少java文章和资源，论坛牛人多，人气略差。

-java学习可下载资料不少，论坛人气也一般。

-很多好文章，而且有出书。

-很多java设计模式的资料。

-很多资料和书籍下载，文摘也有不少，就是下载要扣分。

-论坛不错，人气够旺，不过有时候老上不去。

-还可以。

我去的较少。

-同上。

/developerWorks/cn/index.shtml -ibm非常不错，里面的好文章层出不穷啊。

-赛迪还算比较有特色，原创很多。

-zdnet也不错哦，精彩。

水木清华java版-很多大牛，真的很多，呵呵。

-很多好文章，原创比较多。

国外Java论坛： -不用多说吧。

-apache很多开源项目，无论是拿来用还是看源代码都很不错 -orielly的，java资源很多- 很多java文章和tips -很多文章，还有论坛 -关于应用的比较多，比如服务器 -开源之祖啊。

以上站点都是很8错。

每个我都经常去。

学习java以及相关技术，我建议你这些站点有空都可以去看看。

JAVA开发者应该去的20个Java英文网站/dispbbs.asp?boardID=148&ID=155692&page=1出处：CSDN 作者：shiqiang124Java开发者年鉴一书的在线版本. 要想快速查到某种Java技巧的用法及示例代码, 这是一个不错的去处.O'Reilly的Java网站. 每周都有新文章官方的Java开发者网站- 每周都有新文章发表/java由维护的Java技术文章网站Sun公司维护的一个Java社区网站Cnet的网站- 所有的技术文章, 以Java为主./developerworks/javaIBM的Developerworks技术网站; 这是其中的Java技术主页最早的一个Java站点. 每周更新Java技术文章/javaDevX维护的一个Java技术文章网站/javaproJavaPro在线杂志网站./javaJava Developers Journal的在线杂志网站.位于的一个Java桌面技术社区网站.这是一个讨论所有Java服务器端技术的网站.提供Java评论服务. 包括各种framework和应用程序一个非常棒的采用Q&A形式的Java技术资源社区.一个论坛，得到Java问题答案的地方，初学者的好去处。

JAVA开发者最常去的20个网站

17.[/javafaq/javafaq.html] – ng.java的FAQ站点 – 收集了来自ng.java新闻组的问题和答案的分tutorial/] – 来自SUN公司的官方Java指南 – 对于了解几乎所有的java技术特性非常有帮助.
3.[] – 官方的Java开发者网站 – 每周都有新文章发表.
4.[/java] – 由维护的Java技术文章网站.
5.[] – Sun公司维护的一个Java社区网站.
JAVA开发者最常去的20个英文网站
1.[] – Java开发者年鉴一书的在线版本. 要想快速查到某种Java技巧的用法及示例代码, 这是一个不错的去处.
2.[] – O’Reilly的Java网站. 每周都有新文章.
8.[] – 最早的一个Java站点. 每周更新Java技术文章.
9.[/java] – DevX维护的一个Java技术文章网站.
10.[/javapro] – JavaPro在线杂志网站.
11.[/java] – Java Developers Journal的在线杂志网站.
12.[] – 位于的一个Java桌面技术社区网站.
13.[] – 这是一个讨论所有Java服务器端技术的网站.
6.[] – Cnet的网站 – 所有的技术文章, 以Java为主.
7.[/developerworks/java] – IBM的Developerworks技术网站; 这是其中的Java技术主页.
19.[] – 互联网上最活跃的一个Java Blog网站.
20.[/] – 来自的Java新闻和技术文章网站.
14.[] – 提供Java评论服务. 包括各种framework和应用程序.

javaweb英文参考文献

javaweb英文参考文献以下是关于JavaWeb的英文参考文献的相关参考内容：1. Deepak Vohra. Pro XML Development with Java Technology. Apress, 2006.This book provides a comprehensive guide to XML development with Java technology. It covers topics such as XML basics, XML parsing using Java, XML validation, DOM and SAX APIs, XSLT transformation, XML schema, and SOAP-based web services. The book also includes numerous code examples and case studies to illustrate the concepts.2. Robert J. Brunner. JavaServer Faces: Introduction by Example. Prentice Hall, 2004.This book introduces the JavaServer Faces (JSF) framework, which is a part of the Java EE platform for building web applications. It provides a step-by-step guide to building JSF applications using various components and features such as user interface components, data validation, navigation handling, and backing beans. The book also covers advanced topics such as internationalization and security.3. Brett McLaughlin. Head First Servlets and JSP: Passing the Sun Certified Web Component Developer Exam. O'Reilly Media, 2008. This book is a comprehensive guide to the development of Java web applications using Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP). It covers topics such as HTTP protocol, Servlet lifecycle, request andresponse handling, session management, JSP syntax and directives, JSTL and EL expressions, deployment descriptors, and web application security. The book also includes mock exam questions to help readers prepare for the Sun Certified Web Component Developer exam.4. Hans Bergsten. JavaServer Pages, 3rd Edition. O'Reilly Media, 2011.This book provides an in-depth guide to JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology, which is used for creating dynamic web content. It covers topics such as JSP syntax, scriptlets and expressions, JSP standard actions, JSP custom tag libraries, error handling, JSP with databases, JSP and XML, and internationalization. The book also includes examples and best practices for using JSP effectively.5. Marty Hall, Larry Brown. Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall, 2003.This book is a comprehensive guide to building Java web applications using Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP). It covers topics such as Servlet API, HTTP protocol, session management, request and response handling, JSP syntax and directives, JSP custom tag libraries, database connectivity, and security. The book also includes numerous code examples and case studies to demonstrate the concepts.6. Michael Ernest. Java Web Services in a Nutshell. O'Reilly Media, 2003.This book provides a comprehensive reference to Java-based web services technology. It covers topics such as SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, and XML-RPC protocols, as well as Java API for XML-based web services (JAX-WS) and Java API for RESTful web services (JAX-RS). The book also includes examples and best practices for developing and deploying web services using Java technology. Please note that the above references are just a selection of some of the available books on the topic of JavaWeb. There are numerous other resources available that can provide more detailed information on specific aspects of JavaWeb development.。

JAVA学习论坛

-很多文章，还有论坛
-关于应用的比较多，比如服务器
-开源之祖啊。
以上站点都是很8错。每个我都经常去。
学习java以及相关技术，我建议你这些站点有空都可以去看看。
JAVA开发者应该去的20个Java英文网站
/java
Java Developers Journal的在线杂志网站.

位于的一个Java桌面技术社区网站.

这是一个讨论所有Java服务器端技术的网站.
/javafaq/javafaq.html
ng.java的FAQ站点 - 收集了来自ng.java新闻组的问题和答案的分类目录.
/docs/books/tutorial/
来自SUN公司的官方Java指南 - 对于了解几乎所有的java技术特性非常有帮助.
推荐几个比较好的JAVA学习论坛！
/jute/
这个论坛是台湾的不过里面的东西很超前！！希望大家喜欢！我所有的JAVA知识都是在这个论坛学习的！
/ 这是个外国的JAVA站点！
/index.jspa JAVA世界中文论坛非常庞大的论坛! 推荐！

提供Java评论服务. 包括各种framework和应用程序

一个非常棒的采用Q&A形式的Java技术资源社区.

一个论坛，得到Java问题答案的地方，初学者的好去处。

最早的一个Java站点. 每周更新Java技术文章
/java
DevX维护的一个Java技术文章网站
/javapro
JavaPro在线杂志网站.
-论坛不错，而且速度也快
/ 这是JAΒιβλιοθήκη A中文站点！ / 学习JAVA的没有不来这个的！！要求要有一定的英文基础！

JAVA外文翻译

英文原文:The Java programming language and platform have emerged as major technologies for performing e-business functions. Java programming standards have enabled portability of applications and the reuse of application components across computing platforms. Sun Microsystems' Java Community Process continues to be a strong base for the growth of the Java infrastructure and language standards. This growth of open standards creates new opportunities for designers and developers of applications and services .Applications of JavaJava uses many familiar programming concepts and constructs and allows portability by providing a common interface through an external Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A virtual machine is a self-contained operating environment, created by a software layer that behaves as if it were a separate computer. Benefits of creating virtual machines include better exploitation of powerful computing resources and isolation of applications to prevent cross-corruption and improve security.The JVM allows computing devices with limited processors or memory to handle more advanced applications by calling up software instructions inside the JVM to perform most of the work. This also reduces the size and complexity of Java applications because many of the core functions and processing instructions were built into the JVM. As a result, software developers no longer need to re-create the same application for every operating system. Java also provides security by instructing the application to interact with the virtual machine, which served as a barrier between applications and the core system, effectively protecting systems from malicious code.Among other things, Java is tailor-made for the growing Internet because it makes it easy to develop new, dynamic applications that could make the most of the Internet's power and capabilities. Java is now an open standard, meaning that no single entity controls its development and the tools for writing programs in the language are available to everyone. The power of open standards like Java is the ability to break down barriers and speed up progress.Today, you can find Java technology in networks and devices that range from the Internet and scientific supercomputers to laptops and cell phones, from Wall Street market simulators tohome game players and credit cards. There are over 3 million Java developers and now there are several versions of the code. Most large corporations have in-house Java developers. In addition, the majority of key software vendors use Java in their commercial applications (Lazaridis, 2003).ApplicationsJava on the World Wide WebJava has found a place on some of the most popular websites in the world and the uses of Java continues to grow. Java applications not only provide unique user interfaces, they also help to power the backend of websites. Everybody is probably familiar with eBay and Amazon have been Java pioneers on the World Wide Web.eBayFounded in 1995, eBay enables e-commerce on a local, national and international basis with an array of Web sites.You can find it on eBay, even if you didn't know it existed. On a typical day, more than 100 million items are listed on eBay in tens of thousands of categories. on eBay; the world's largest online marketplace.eBay uses Java almost everywhere. To address some security issues, eBay chose Sun Microsystems' Java System Identity Manager as the platform for revamping its identity management system. The task at hand was to provide identity management for more than 12,000 eBay employees and contractors.Now more than a thousand eBay software developers work daily with Java applications. Java's inherent portability allows eBay to move to new hardware to take advantage of new technology, packaging, or pricing, without having to rewrite Java code.Amazon has created a Web Service application that enables users to browse their product catalog and place orders. uses a Java application that searches the Amazon catalog for books whose subject matches a user-selected topic. The application displays ten books that match the chosen topic, and shows the author name, book title, list price, Amazon discount price, and the cover icon. The user may optionally view one review per displayed title and make a buying decision.Java in Data Warehousing & MiningAlthough many companies currently benefit from data warehousing to support corporatedecision making, new business intelligence approaches continue to emerge that can be powered by Java technology. Applications such as data warehousing, data mining, Enterprise Information Portals and Knowledge Management Systems are able to provide insight into customer retention, purchasing patterns, and even future buying behavior.These applications can not only tell what has happened but why and what may happen given certain business conditions; As a result of this information growth, people at all levels inside the enterprise, as well as suppliers, customers, and others in the value chain, are clamoring for subsets of the vast stores of information to help them make business decisions. While collecting and storing vast amounts of data is one thing, utilizing and deploying that data throughout the organization is another.The technical challenges inherent in integrating disparate data formats, platforms, and applications are significant. However, emerging standards such as the Application Programming Interfaces that comprise the Java platform, as well as Extendable Markup Language technologies can facilitate the interchange of data and the development of next generation data warehousing and business intelligence applications. While Java technology has been used extensively for client side access and to presentation layer challenges, it is rapidly emerging as a significant tool for developing scaleable server side programs. The Java2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) provides the object, transaction, and security support for building such systems.Metadata IssuesOne of the key issues that business intelligence developers must solve is that of incompatible metadata formats. Metadata can be defined as information about data or simply "data about data." In practice, metadata is what most tools, databases, applications, and other information processes use to define, relate, and manipulate data objects within their own environments. It defines the structure and meaning of data objects managed by an application so that the application knows how to process requests or jobs involving those data objects. Developers can use this schema to create views for users. Also, users can browse the schema to better understand the structure and function of the database tables before launching a query.To address the metadata issue, a group of companies have joined to develop the Java Metadata Interface (JMI) API. The JMI API permits the access and manipulation of metadata in Java with standard metadata services. JMI is based on the Meta Object Facility (MOF)specification from the Object Management Group (OMG). The MOF provides a model and a set of interfaces for the creation, storage, access, Metamodel and metadata interchange is done via XML and uses the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) specification, also from the OMG. JMI leverages Java technology to create an end-to-end data warehousing and business intelligence solutions framework.Enterprise JavaBeansA key tool provided by J2EE is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), an architecture for the development of component-based distributed business applications. Applications written using the EJB architecture are scalable, transactional, secure, and multi-user aware. These applications may be written once and then deployed on any server platform that supports J2EE. The EJB architecture makes it easy for developers to write components, since they do not need to understand or deal with complex, system-level details such as thread management, resource pooling, and transaction and security management. This allows for role-based development where component assemblers, platform providers and application assemblers can focus on their area of responsibility further simplifying application development.Data Storage & AccessData stored in existing applications can be accessed with specialized connectors. Integration and interoperability of these data sources is further enabled by the metadata repository that contains metamodels of the data contained in the sources, which then can be accessed and interchanged uniformly via the JMI API. These metamodels capture the essential structure and semantics of business components, allowing them to be accessed and queried via the JMI API or to be interchanged via XML. Through all of these processes, the J2EE infrastructure ensures the security and integrity of the data through transaction management and propagation and the underlying security architecture.To consolidate historical information for analysis of sales and marketing trends, a data warehouse is often the best solution. In this example, data can be extracted from the operational systems with a variety of Extract, Transform and Load tools (ETL). The metamodels allow EJBs designed for filtering, transformation, and consolidation of data to operate uniformly on data from diverse data sources as the bean is able to query the metamodel to identify and extract the pertinent fields. Queries and reports can be run against the data warehouse that containsinformation from numerous sources in a consistent, enterprise-wide fashion through the use of the JMI API.Java in Industrial SettingsMany people know Java only as a tool on the World Wide Web that enables sites to perform some of their fancier functions such as interactivity and animation. However, the actual uses for Java are much more widespread. Since Java is an object-oriented language, the time needed for application development is minimal.In addition, Java's automatic memory management and lack of pointers remove some leading causes of programming errors. Most importantly, application developers do not need to create different versions of the software for different platforms. The advantages available through Java have even found their way into hardware. The emerging new Java devices are streamlined systems that exploit network servers for much of their processing power, storage, content, and administration.Benefits of JavaThe benefits of Java translate across many industries, and some are specific to the control and automation environment. Java's ability to run on any platform enables the organization to make use of the existing equipment while enhancing the application.IntegrationWith few exceptions, applications running on the factory floor were never intended to exchange information with systems in the executive office, but managers have recently discovered the need for that type of information. Before Java, that often meant bringing together data from systems written on different platforms in different languages at different times. Integration was usually done on a piecemeal basis, once it worked, was unique to the two applications it was tying together. Additional integration required developing a brand new system from scratch, raising the cost of integration.ScalabilityAnother benefit of Java in the industrial environment is its scalability. Even when internal compatibility is not an issue, companies often face difficulties when suppliers with whom they share information have incompatible systems. This becomes more of a problem as supply-chain management takes on a more critical role which requires manufacturers to interact more withoffshore suppliers and clients. The greatest efficiency comes when all systems can communicate with each other and share information seamlessly. Since Java is so ubiquitous, it often solves these problems.Dynamic Web Page DevelopmentJava has been used by both large and small organizations for a wide variety of applications beyond consumer oriented websites. Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, has developed a unique Java application. The lab was tasked with developing an enterprise-wide inventory tracking and equipment maintenance system that provides dynamic Web pages.ConclusionOpen standards have driven the e-business revolution. As e-business continues to develop, various computing technologies help to drive its evolution. The Java programming language and platform have emerged as major technologies for performing e-business functions. the time needed for application development is minimal. Java also encourages good software engineering practices with clear separation of interfaces and implementations as well as easy exception handling. Java's automatic memory management and lack of pointers remove some leading causes of programming errors. The advantages available through Java have also found their way into hardware. The emerging new Java devices are streamlined systems that exploit network servers for much of their processing power, storage, content, and administration.中文翻译:Java编程语言和Java平台，已成为主要的实现电子商务功能的技术。

介绍几个比较好的英语论坛

介绍几个比较好的英语论坛要向学好英语，就得从听说读写译五个方面全面着手，今天向大家推荐的这6个站点，就是包括听所读写译另加综合这六个方面着手，选择最有用的站点来分享的。

第一站：听推荐站：能飞英语网/能飞英语软件练听力想必大家都知道，可以看电影、听歌的方式来练听力，软件的复读功能也不错，听写非常方便，网站的听力资料也比较全面，英文电影，美剧，音乐，课程听力等很多，用好这些资料最好的策略是先认清自己的英语水平，然后听写相应级别的英语听力资料。

备选站点：普特英语 /第二站：说推荐站：跟我说 speak2me/speak2me是一个新型Web2.0型的互动式口语练习网站，注册登录后，你就可以开始口语练习之旅了，网站有很多课程供你选择学习。

当然，你也可以编辑自己的课程共享。

第三站：读推荐：英语E书房读英语一定要读原汁原味的，这个道理想必大家都知道。

英语E 书房是一个成立半年多的原版书籍杂志分享类型的论坛，一千多本原汁原味的原版书籍与杂志，按照学科的种类分开。

你需要做的就是注册，然后下载。

第四站：写推荐：英文写作网/写作指导，参考资料，范文甚至你所需要的文化背景都能在这里找到，如果你想写一手正宗漂亮的E文文章，这里自然不容错过。

第五站：译推荐：译言/这里是译林高手出没的地方，如同学习打球，你和越高的手学习，你的水平会提高的越快。

第六站：综合学习推荐：沪江/这个大概不用多做说明，人人皆知。

丰富的阴性含义就是繁杂。

所以要做好选择工作。

其实英语学习的网站有成百上千个，好的也很多，每个人喜欢的大概也有不同，如果你有自己特别中意的，请不妨也贴出来分享一下。

国外著名SEO论坛和博客推荐

国外著名SEO论坛和博客推荐
SEO论坛
seowhy
站长世界
如果你只有时间看一个论坛和博客，那就看这个。

站长世界包含的不仅仅是SEO，还有很多关于建站的内容，服务器技术，广告，电子商务等等。

几乎所有做SEO应该了解的东西，都可以在站长世界里找到。

SEW论坛
SearchEngineWacth搜索引擎观察是最早提供搜索引擎新闻和知识的网站之一，论坛版主也都是搜索引擎业界重量级的人物。

DigitalPoint论坛
另外一个经常会出现很有意义话题的论坛。

High Rankings SEO Forum
有时间也建议看看。

SEO博客
极力推荐的SEO博客包括：
Matt Cutts的博客 - 重要性就不必再说了，最好每篇都仔细阅读。

SERoundtable - 及时总结与SEO有关的论坛和博客里有价值的帖子，内容挑选非常精确。

SEOmoz - 这个公司的老板Rand是我最敬佩的SEO专家之一，对SEO技术的分析非常深入。

Jim Boykin - Jim也是SEO业界响当当的人物，尤其擅长外部链接分析。

SEO by the Sea - 专门分析各个搜索引擎申请的专利项目，引伸出SEO技术，大部分帖子都很长，有些晦涩难懂，不过很有参考价值。

SEO Black Hat - 专门探讨黑帽和灰帽SEO技术，经常会有意想不到的窍门。

SEO Book - 大名鼎鼎的Aaron Wall，发帖数量很大，范围广泛，。

老外聊天的几个网站

老外聊天的几个网站
作者：伊吹舞已被分享1次评论(0)复制链接分享转载举报
推荐这些英语的语音聊天室,里面有很多的老外，你可以和他们交朋友，还可以通过语音和打字,和老外英语交流）
.au
(for speaking with microphone/headphones)
另外，精选几个国外英语学习，论坛网站，国外英语论坛，有很多在线的外国人：
1.To Learn
主题：内容广泛，资源丰富，值得一看
功能：聊天室，语法讲解，练习，小测试，图片，论坛
对象：学英语人士
/elt/
主题：是一个全方位的学英语作为第二语言的网站
功能：聊天室，语法讲解，练习，小测试，成语讲解
对象：学英语人士
3.English-at-Home
/
主题：是一个全方位的学英语作为第二语言的网站对象：学英语人士。

国外bbs地址

国外bbs地址(I)ndustry BBS 204.157.46.2A Clockwork Online 199.234.182.56A World Locally 205.147.78.131 Absolute Connection 199.0.62.164Access Nevada 199.2.253.3ACE InfoSystems 199.190.76.2 AdeptXBBS 199.227.57.1 Advanced Data Services BBS (ADS BBS) 199.190.70.3 AECNET (tm) 204.89.131.100After Hourz BBS 204.134.204.10 Afterimage Information Matrix (A.I.M.) 204.178.181.2 Aladdins Palace 204.174.112.253 Albuquerque ROS 204.68.29.244Alien's SpaceShip BBS 199.190.82.2Alien's World Wide Chat 199.190.82.10 Almac BBS 193.114.248.81 Amateur Radio INTERNET BBS 206.42.80.130 America's Suggestion Box 165.254.128.1 Anarchy Online 199.1.91.250Anarchy-X BBS 199.184.188.10 Another World(tm) 204.160.88.13AOP BBS 198.232.144.101 AppleWize OnLine 198.232.143.2 Appraisal Profession Online 199.172.5.2Aquila BBS 204.95.88.5Arizona InterActive Systems 199.190.114.2 ASERTEL Servicios On-line 194.140.141.5 AstroBBS 204.215.32.26Atlantis BBS 199.4.124.69Atlas BBS 204.189.37.1Austin Clubhouse BBS 198.6.198.98 Badlands 204.137.129.31Barney's Rubble 194.70.36.10Barter America BBS 192.207.47.72BBS One Online Service 199.18.119.129 Black Gold BBS 198.65.131.18 Blastertronics BBS 204.177.236.30 Blitzkrieg Information BBS 199.190.90.2 Boardwatch Magazine BBS 204.144.169.1 Boston Dungeon Society 199.242.194.90 Brainstorm BBS 198.84.216.1Bryant Software 199.45.158.193Canned Ham Bulletin Board 199.173.177.250 Caribbean Online Network for Information Exchange 204.183.157.10 Carolina Chat 205.148.236.2Carolina Online 204.215.211.211Catania On Line 151.99.143.3CCS World 199.172.47.2CedarNet Online 205.148.200.3Cetys BBS 158.122.1.9CHANNEL 1 (R) 204.96.33.5ChatMaster BBS 199.190.80.2Christie's Internet Matchmaker 199.33.241.97Cinci-Net 199.6.38.4Cincinnati Multi-Player Connection BBS 205.133.194.10 Cleveland's Worldnet 204.248.180.53Close Encounters Adult 199.1.77.17Closer To Home BBS Systems 203.4.149.98Cloud City 199.190.94.2Club BBS 148.201.1.18Colossus Box 198.3.118.19Columbus Online 205.133.92.2Comm 2 199.92.200.58COMM Port OS/2 199.100.191.2Comp-U-Find Online 199.79.146.33ComPart BBS 193.64.198.201Compu-Plane 198.68.17.57 ComputerLink Online, Inc. 199.166.254.2 CONNECT 2000 BBS 204.177.193.251 Connections 199.232.102.151 Connections! BBS of Southern Hospitality 205.218.114.10 ConXtion 199.190.84.2Country Online 199.190.71.2Courier Online 204.120.30.100COWZ - The Cattle Crossing on the Information Superhi 204.96.52.4 CRIS (Concentric Research Corp) 199.3.12.13Crystal Quill 199.125.162.3CSI Online 205.148.205.2Cutting Edge Technologies BBS 198.17.249.250Cyber Warrior Network 204.97.1.4Cyber/Chat! 199.171.196.2Cyberia 205.160.224.1CyberKorea 165.113.175.2Cyberlink 203.7.198.205Cyberspace BBS 204.96.30.25Cyberspace7 BBS 204.186.5.1Cyberverse 134.24.3.50Dallas/Fort Worth MatchMaker Pen-Pal Network 204.181.110.2 Data Highway 199.227.90.1Datacom 204.120.33.199DataSafe Publications BBS 199.190.74.3Delaware Online! 204.183.91.2Delaware Valley On Line 206.20.144.10deltaComm Online 204.32.41.2Dental-X-Change 199.190.92.2Denver Exchange 199.45.158.210Desert Jewel 204.212.36.4Digital Concepts BBS 165.247.101.21Digital Rain 205.206.107.1Digitec Online 196.11.62.106Disk Jockey Online 204.119.8.55Doctor's Office BBS / Falken Support BBS 204.97.64.6Dragon Keep International 198.79.54.10Dream Link Online Information Service (D.L.O.I.S) 204.176.0.14#3023 Dreamscape BBS 199.64.128.3Dreamscape Entertainment Service 204.244.18.12DSC BBS / V oicenet (Datamax/Satalink Connection BBS) 192.204.28.9 DSP Information & Entertainment 199.4.121.1Eager Beaver Computers MBBS 204.188.52.20Eden BBS 199.190.73.2Edex 193.117.217.1#1023Edward Lowe Foundation BBS 192.195.202.2 Electronic Lucidity 152.160.9.50Elysian Fields 204.181.47.5Empire BBS 203.20.80.1Empty Spaces BBS 198.30.235.51Endless Mountain CyberSPACE 198.70.189.74 Entertainment and Consumers Network 198.211.192.146 Escape 198.6.71.10eSoft Support and Demo BBS 199.45.143.2ESSLink BBS 204.252.96.101EuroGate 193.67.253.33Europe / Eurolink! 193.92.253.70EveryBaudy's BBS 192.80.84.229Exchange BBS 204.89.181.2Exec Talk BBS 198.69.107.208ExecPC 204.29.202.4Executive Network Information Systems 198.232.143.136 EXiT 13 204.181.3.147Eye Contact BBS 204.94.37.2EZLink Internet Access 199.45.150.1EZNet 198.4.60.100Fairfield Community Connection 199.190.101.2Farm Information Services 163.123.3.82Fast! BBS 196.23.34.2File Gallery Online Service 204.183.116.2Final Frontier BBS 199.181.166.212Flag Net Amiga BBS 165.138.151.8Flint Hills Internet BBS 199.240.127.10 FlOaTIng PAncReAs 199.227.15.30 198.70.45.3France Online 199.4.122.2Full Access BBS 198.150.37.210G.L.O.B.I.E. 199.67.39.34G.O.D. 199.45.83.11Galacticomm DEMO System 206.30.202.14 Galacticomm UNIX Demo System 206.30.202.26 Game Power Headquarters Online Network 204.183.165.2 GaRBaGe DuMP BBS 199.190.74.2 Gateway Online 198.87.17.102GenStar On-Line 206.26.67.1Global InfoNet 140.174.210.4GRAFIX 166.82.150.31Grand Rapids Online 198.110.232.3Great Gig in the Sky 199.201.191.102Green and Yellow 199.199.195.1GREX (tn) 152.160.30.1Grinning Evil Death 128.173.146.222GRN BBS 194.179.47.2Ground Zero BBS 204.251.133.2HACOM BBS 193.67.233.1Hafa Adai Exchange 204.183.100.132Hal 9000 152.160.13.1HeartBeat BBS 199.190.113.2Helix : Houston's Electronically Linked Information e 198.65.131.145 Hellas On-Line 193.92.136.35Hi-Teck's Place 199.171.4.3High Society 198.69.101.2Hispanet 194.140.132.20Hotel California 165.90.141.2IACC ONLINE BBS 141.211.151.30Idaho Interactive BBS 199.190.75.2INFIMA BBS 194.108.205.150InfiNet=81 204.96.111.93The Annex! 204.74.67.1The Atlanta Windows BBS 155.229.44.2The Behavioral Health Network 199.190.85.2The Big Easy 204.251.2.10The Black Dragon BBS 166.82.197.95The City Lights 199.199.122.4The Computer Factory 204.212.163.100The Computerized AIDS Ministries Network (CAM!) 198.139.157.121 The Connection BBS 204.138.111.2The Crystal Ball BBS 199.79.146.181The Crystal Barrier 156.46.162.20The Cutting Edge! 204.193.159.10The CyberDen 204.182.11.180#3000The Davasoft BBS 204.176.6.5The Doll House BBS 206.66.104.2The Downtown BBS 205.148.204.2The Electronic Universe BBS 199.67.39.129The Endless Forest 204.248.24.1The English Palace 199.171.54.2The Eyes of Time BBS 198.6.201.206The Fetish Network BBS 198.69.101.20The File Bank BBS 204.212.132.12The Fire House Inn 198.102.68.59The FIX BBS 199.212.143.2The Flower Link BBS 199.234.116.2The Game Master 199.84.216.2The Global Blind Exchange (GBX) 165.90.138.192The Granola Board BBS 204.188.1.17The Graphics Alternative 192.215.97.35The Grotto of Dreams 206.24.42.130The Hole in the Wall 199.165.149.4The Hot Spot BBS 204.249.107.120The INDEX System (tm) 204.117.209.1。

java开发者必去的国外网站

/
/src/java/
/

/sigs/sigada/education/pages/ada_java.html
/docs/index.html
/~xxuzi/ 极品SCJP
/~xxuzi/
/
/cos/index.html Java的上传Bean
IBM的Developerworks技术网站; 这是其中的Java技术主页

最早的一个Java站点. 每周更新Java技术文章
/java
DevX维护的一个Java技术文章网站
/ 中国JSP网站
/ JSP001
/ JSP新升代/也有ASP
javaxforum开发指南，SCJP认证资源
Java爱好者
中文Java技术网站
/ 中国Java俱乐部
/index.jsp 52JSP
/java/
http://java.areco.cz
/
http://www.java.online.tr.tc/
/
国外：
/projects/jfreechart/

/ 中国Java阵线联盟
Java阵线联盟(Java认证学习资料)
/ Java开发者(XML教程,模考试题1)
/USA/certification/java_news_faq.html
/USA/certification/progobj.html
/usa/cert_test.html
CSDN 提供的java学习网站（国内、国外都有）
/ 模拟试题

/products/jsp/faq.html

java python 英文词汇汇总

以下是Java和Python的英文词汇汇总：Java 英文词汇：1.Java Development Kit (JDK)2.Java Runtime Environment (JRE)3.Java Virtual Machine (JVM)4.Applet5.Object-oriented Programming (OOP)6.Class7.Object8.Method9.Attribute10.Inheritance11.Polymorphism12.Interface13.Abstract class14.Package15.Exception16.Synchronization17.Annotationmbda expression19.Stream API21.Auto-boxing and unboxing22.Enum23.Annotation type24.Delegate pattern25.Builder pattern26.Singleton pattern27.Factory pattern28.Strategy pattern29.Observer pattern30.Decorator pattern31.Proxy pattern32.Interface class33.Data structure (e.g., array, list, set, map, stack, queue)34.Abstract data type (ADT)35.Linear data structure (e.g., linked list, array list)36.Tree data structure (e.g., binary tree, AVL tree)37.Graph data structure (e.g., adjacency list, adjacency matrix)38.Heap data structure (e.g., binary heap, priority queue)39.Priority queue41.Hash table (e.g., HashMap, HashSet)42.Database (e.g., MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server)working (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS)44.Security (e.g., encryption, decryption, authentication, authorization)45.Web development (e.g., servlet, JSP, JSF)46.WebSocket API47.RESTful API48.SOAP-based web service (e.g., WSDL, SOAP message)49.Microservices architecture (e.g., Spring Boot)50.Domain-Driven Design (DDD) (e.g., entity, value object, aggregate root)51.Domain event (e.g., domain event bus)52.Caching (e.g., Redis, Memcached)53.Asynchronous programming (e.g., Future, Promise, CompletableFuture)54.Dependency injection (DI) (e.g., Spring Framework)55.Test-driven development (TDD) (e.g., JUnit, Mockito)56.Behavior-driven development (BDD) (e.g., Cucumber)57.Domain-specific language (DSL) (e.g., SQL query language)58.Enterprise application integration (EAI) (e.g., BizTalk Server)59.Service-oriented architecture (SOA) (e.g., SOAP-based web service)61.Big data (e.g., Hadoop, Spark)62.NoSQL database (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra)63.Real-time system (e.g., Kafka, RabbitMQ)64.Mobile development (e.g., Android, iOS) using Java or Kotlin or cross-platform frameworks like Flutter or React Native usingJavaScript or TypeScript or Swift or Objective-C for iOS development and Java for Android development or Xamarin for cross-platform mobile development using C# language or Apache Cordova for cross-platform mobile development using HTML5 and JavaScript or Ionic for cross-platform mobile development using TypeScript and Angular or React Native for cross-platform mobile development using JavaScript and React or Kotlin Native for native mobile development using Kotlin language or Unity for game development using C# language or React Native for cross-platform mobile development using JavaScript and React or Kotlin Native for native mobile development using Kotlin language or Xamarin for cross-platform mobile development using C# language or Apache Cordova for cross-platform mobile development using HTML5 and JavaScript or Ionic for cross-platform mobile development using TypeScript and Angular or Flutter for native mobile development using Dart language and so on..65.Event-driven architecture (EDA).66.Continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD).67.. Containerization and orchestration tools like Docker and Kubernetes..68.. Microservices architecture and containerization.. 69 . Event s。

国外十大免费博客平台

国外十大免费博客平台在互联网高速向前发展的今天，有人说，我们正在步入移动互联网时代，而乔帮主则说，这是“后PC时代”，更有甚者，说这是web 2.0的天下！作为web 2.0的主力，博客（blog）,社交网站（SNS），微博（MicroBlog）,百科全书（Wiki），轻博客（light blogging）等等网络骄子正在大行其道！而web 2.0时代的弄潮儿，我们正在享受着web2.0给我们带来的利好，同时也在推动着它不断向前发展！在本文，我将介绍国外十大免费的博客平台，而且在国内，都是可以访问和使用的。

至于用处，还是那句话，如果你懂它，它就是魁宝！1、alexa综合排名为703，google pr为6是一个非常流行的基于WordPress的博客平台。

和其它博客平台一样，有着自己的优缺点。

它给免费用户提供了很多漂亮的主题，和一些只能是自建博客才能使用的插件。

但是，获取这免费服务的代价是，会显示了不少的广告，而你如果想去掉这些广告的话，那么你只有付费升级成为付费会员了。

另外免费提供的存储空间是2GB。

2、alexa综合排名为37，google pr为8是目前最受欢迎的轻博客，算是轻博客的老大。

它非常的流行且有特色。

有着非常有趣和引人注目的功能，比如说音视频博文（你可以分享你的音乐，和视频），可以免费绑定自己的域名，有着成千上万的卓越主题。

Tumblr 看重的是一切从简，把注册和登录页面都完全简单化。

用户在自己的主控制面板（Dashboard）可以迅速地发布内容，并且可以显示自己所跟随的网友的更新，并且可以选择“喜欢”或“转发”，在这一点上与世界上最流行的微博Twitter 十分类似。

另外，Tumblr可以自动地将内容同步到Facebook 和Twitter，因此可以在同一个地方更新你的大多数社交媒体。

Tumblr另外一个很强大的功能就是，你可以建设一个群组博客。

你也可以使用一些第三方应用来监控你的网站，比如说Google Analytics.嗯，Tumblr的用户体验相当的好，也提供着相当酷的功能，另外一个引人之处就是它—没有广告！那么它靠什么来盈利呢？靠的是售卖一些很炫很酷的主题！但是，最新的消息是，迫于压力，Tumblr将在2012年5月2日开启它的广告之旅，结束没有广告的时代。

前端开发中的国内外常用开发社区推荐

前端开发中的国内外常用开发社区推荐随着互联网的迅速发展，前端开发在近几年成为了IT行业中非常热门的一个领域。

前端开发者不仅需要掌握各种编程语言和框架，还要不断学习和关注最新的技术和行业动态。

在这个过程中，参与各种开发社区并交流经验变得非常重要。

在国内外，有不少优秀的前端开发社区，他们为开发者提供了各种工具、资源、教程等等。

下面介绍几个常用的国内外开发社区。

国内开发社区1. 掘金：掘金是国内最大的技术社区之一，聚集了众多优秀的前端开发者。

在掘金中，你可以发现很多关于前端开发的精华文章和教程。

同时，掘金也提供了一个交流的平台，你可以在平台上提问、分享自己的经验和见解。

2. segmentfault: segmentfault是一个国内知名的技术问答社区，类似于stackoverflow。

在segmentfault中，你可以提问关于前端开发的问题，也可以回答别人的问题。

通过在segmentfault上的互动，你可以提升自己的技术水平，同时也能帮助其他开发者解决问题。

3. V2EX：V2EX是一个泛欧美化的技术社区，最初是针对程序员和IT从业人员的社区。

在V2EX中，你可以找到各种关于前端开发的话题讨论，获取国内外开发者的观点和见解。

除了技术话题，V2EX也可以讨论其他感兴趣的内容。

国外开发社区1. Stack Overflow：Stack Overflow是全球最大的技术问答社区，也是前端开发者最常用的社区之一。

在Stack Overflow中，你可以提问和回答关于前端开发的问题，还可以找到大量的教程和代码示例。

Stack Overflow是一个非常活跃的社区，你很容易找到你感兴趣的话题，并获得其他开发者的帮助。

2. Reddit: Reddit是一个以社群和新闻内容分享为主的网站，也有很多与前端开发相关的主题。

在Reddit的前端开发社区中，你可以发现最新的技术趋势、讨论和分享自己的工作经验。

Reddit的前端开发社区非常活跃，你可以在这里找到国内外的前端开发者交流。

国内外论坛系统大全

YetAnotherForum官网：
23、YaBB
YaBB是一个Perl开源论坛，它是最好的Perl论坛，速度非常快。
YaBB官网：
24、IceBB
phpBB官网：
2、MyBB
MyBB是国际上非常优秀的免费论坛软件，最大的特色是简单但是功能却出奇的强大。支持多国语言，可以分别设置前台后台的语言，每个用户也可以设置自己使用何种语言访问论坛包括自己的时区等，自定义功能强大到没有做不到只有想不到。
Discuz!官网：
9、PHPwind
PHPwind是一个基于PHP和MySQL的论坛程序，是国内最受欢迎的通用型论坛程序之一。PHPWind的前身是ofstar，发布于2004年，王学集和林耀纳是它的创始人。 PHPWind由杭州德天信息技术有限公司开发，分商业版和免费版，但在功能和版本上没有区别，软件全面开源免费。版本现已已有累积超过60万的用户。
LeadBBS官网：
29、YxBBS
YxBBS是一套基于ASP+ACCESS(SQL)开发构建的开源论坛(社区型)软件。通过YxBBS可帮您迅速、轻松地构建起一个以论坛程序为核心的网站。YxBBS可通过灵活的插件机制实现更多的功能拓展，更有十几种论坛风格可选，让您搭建网站更轻松、更方便。
JEEBBS官网：/jeebbs.jhtml
14、OmegaBB
OmegaBB 将 AJAX 思维纳入论坛软件，使实时的留言板，与所有其他人不同。其特点是快速、轻松的导航、侧面板时您跟踪的任何的线程更改的通知、公共和私人的线程，wiki 文章系统和更多的选项卡式的论坛。
BBSXP官网：
28、LeadBBS
LeadBBS在论坛兴盛的2002-2005年曾经风靡一时，LEADBBS以其短小精干、运行速度快而受到广大网站建设者，特别是个人网站的欢迎。许多论坛，特别是个人论坛都采用LEADBBS来架设自己的论坛平台。

20个很好的学术论坛

20个很好的学术论坛1、小木虫bbs/小木虫是我的最爱，老牌子论坛，牛人多，但是进入认证区很难2、[极力推荐][免费学术资源]个人极力推荐此论坛。

论坛里的资源都是最新的，每天更新，有各种免费帐号资源，维普、CNKI、万方、springlink等国内外数据库免费账号、入口，文献检索资源非常丰富，是非常好的学术平台，电影等资源也是每天更新。

个人认为是2009年最好的学生论坛。

3、阿果资源网建立1年，注册人数达到8W，认证区资源丰富，认证门槛较低Sample Text。

4、红军长征自由共享曾经红极一时，红军的牛人通常也就分布在其它同类论坛。

遗憾的是论坛升级导致数据丢失，元气大伤。

现在人气不如从前。

5、龙驰学术资源网新开放不久的论坛，由牛人带队，门槛很低但是加分也很困难。

6、零点花园不错的论坛，老牌子。

同样也是由于升级导致数据丢失，丧失了许多会员。

目前已经回复元气，门槛较低，比较好混。

7、星荧论坛老牌论坛，高手很多。

面向新手的资源不多，晋级也不容易。

8、网上读书园地论坛专家找书板块很有特色，牛人较多。

注册人数达到17W。

9、丁香园曾经一统天下，是其它同类论坛牛人的发源地。

但是资源区很难进入，属于少数人的交流地方。

加分很难，升级更难，想学习技术要多出汗了。

10、博研联盟学术讨论区按专业学院分类。

会员10w，同时在线多达1k以上。

11、子午学术论坛自由学术人性子午，学术资源，国外资源。

12、花样年华学术资源中心新手导航区，检索知识与求助区，代理检索资源区，医药生命科学讨论区，化学理工专业讨论区，其他专业学科讨论区，科研交流区，免费资源搜集区，生活娱乐区，认证资源区。

13、heart论坛论坛版务综合区，文献检索资源区，学术交流平台，网络资源宝库，求知地带，生物医药园地，理化资源交流，休闲轻松娱乐。

14、诺贝尔学术资源网15、科研论坛16、卓虎学术资源网17、研学论坛18、思想者学术论坛19、清华大学推荐学术站点20 、读书花园。

和老外聊天的几个网站

和老外聊天的几个网站
推荐这些英语的语音聊天室,里面有很多的老外，你可以和他们交朋友，还可以通过语音和打字,和老外英语交流）
.au
(for speaking with microphone/headphones)
另外，精选几个国外英语学习，论坛网站，国外英语论坛，有很多在线的外国人：
1.To Learn
主题：内容广泛，资源丰富，值得一看
功能：聊天室，语法讲解，练习，小测试，图片，论坛
对象：学英语人士
/elt/
主题：是一个全方位的学英语作为第二语言的网站
功能：聊天室，语法讲解，练习，小测试，成语讲解
对象：学英语人士
3.English-at-Home
/
主题：是一个全方位的学英语作为第二语言的网站
对象：学英语人士。

全球十大中文社区(论坛)排行榜

全球十大中文社区（论坛）排行榜1、天涯网天涯社区自1999年3月1日创立以来，以其开放、包容、充满人文关怀的特色受到了海内外网民的推崇，经过十余年的发展，已经成为以论坛、博客、微博为基础交流方式，综合提供个人空间、企业空间、购物街、无线客户端、分类信息、来吧、问答等一系列功能服务，并以人文情感为特色的综合性虚拟社区和大型网络社交平台。

2008年天涯启动开放平台战略，并开始构建天涯生态营销体系，研发成功了新一代网络广告产品，是中国社区营销的领航者。

如今，天涯社区每月覆盖品质用户超过2亿，注册用户超过8500万，拥有上千万高忠诚度、高质量用户群所产生的超强人气、人文体验和互动原创内容，天涯社区一直以网民为中心，满足个人沟通、表达、创造等多重需求，并形成了全球华人范围内的线上线下信任交往文化，成为华语圈首屈一指的网络事件与网络名人聚焦平台，是最具影响力的全球华人网上家园。

2、百度贴吧百度贴吧，贴吧即百度贴吧，是百度旗下独立品牌，全球最大中文社区。

贴吧的创意来自于百度首席执行官李彦宏：结合搜索引擎建立一个在线的交流平台，让那些对同一个话题感兴趣的人们聚集在一起，方便地展开交流和互相帮助。

贴吧是一种基于关键词的主题交流社区，它与搜索紧密结合，准确把握用户需求，为兴趣而生。

截止2014年初，贴吧已突跃10亿注册用户，810多万个兴趣贴吧，日均话题总量近亿，浏览量超过21亿次。

3、海内网创办于2012年6月，海内网由来自全国各地的网民共同维护与建设。

经过多次创新，现已经成为以论坛、贴吧、空间、说说为主要交流方式，综合提供个人空间、网络相册、在线问答、网址导航、新闻速递等一系列网络服务，并以客观公正的传播网络信息著称的综合性虚拟社区和中文网络社交平台。

海内网在全国网民范围内形成了线上线下信任交往文化，客观公正的传媒态度与快速高效的传播效率使得海内网成为了中国媒体界重要的网络事件与网络名人聚焦平台，是中国最高品质的综合性中文网络虚拟社区。