英语母语国文化常识

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高考英语英语国家知识点精讲

高考英语英语国家知识点精讲英语国家知识点精讲一、英语国家概述英语国家是指以英语作为官方语言或使用人数众多的国家或地区。

在世界范围内，有许多国家是英语国家，如英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等。

这些国家普遍使用英语进行国内交流、教育和商务活动。

二、英语国家文化1. 英语国家的文化多样性英语国家拥有丰富多样的文化，这些文化深受历史、地理和民族等因素的影响。

例如，在英国，人们崇尚绅士风度和下午茶文化；而在美国，人们崇尚自由、个人主义和多元文化。

每个国家都有自己独特的文化特点，这使得英语国家的文化变得丰富多彩。

2. 英语国家的节日和传统英语国家有许多独特的节日和传统。

在英国，人们庆祝万圣节和圣诞节，喝茶是他们的传统习惯。

而在美国，人们狂欢过感恩节和独立日，烧烤和烟花是他们的传统活动。

每个节日和传统都蕴含着深厚的历史和文化内涵，反映了英语国家人民的生活方式和价值观。

三、英语国家的教育体系1. 英语国家的教育制度英语国家拥有世界一流的教育体系。

他们注重教育的质量和公平性，提供全面的学科课程和丰富的学习资源。

对于学生来说，获得良好的教育是他们未来发展的基石。

2. 英语国家的教育特点英语国家的教育特点主要体现在以下几个方面：注重培养学生的创造力和批判性思维能力；鼓励学生积极参与课外活动和社会实践；注重学生的个性发展和综合素质教育。

四、英语国家的旅游胜地1. 英国的旅游景点英国是一个富有历史文化底蕴的国家，有许多著名的旅游景点，如伦敦塔桥、大本钟、巨石阵等。

此外，英国还有许多美丽的乡村和自然风光，如湖区、苏格兰高地等。

2. 美国的旅游景点美国是一个幅员辽阔、自然景观壮丽的国家，吸引着全球的游客。

纽约的自由女神像、大峡谷国家公园、华盛顿特区的国会山等都是美国著名的旅游胜地。

3. 加拿大的旅游景点加拿大是一个美丽而宜居的国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然景观。

洛基山脉、尼亚加拉大瀑布、温哥华岛等都是加拿大著名的旅游景点。

五、英语国家的经济发展1. 英国的经济发展英国是全球经济发达的国家之一，拥有强大的金融和服务业。

英美文化常识

1.What are the two major parties in Britain?------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.2.What is the official full name of Britain?-----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Who is the head of government in Ireland? -----It is the Prime Minister.4.Who is James Joyce?-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.5.Who were the first Americans?------They were the Indians.6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.7.What is bilingualism?-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.8.What are the geographical feature ofAustralia as a continent?------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.11.What is the Renaissance?------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?------Because it provides electricity for muchof the Republic.14.How many states are there in the United States?------There are 50 states in the United States.15.What is Hispanic?------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.16.What is the Bill of Rights?-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.17.What is the Canada Council?-----It is the Cana dian Government’s funding agency.18.What is Aborigines?-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.21.What was Queen Mary known as?------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possession on the continent------French port of calais.22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”.23.What is the House of Lords made up of?------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.24.What are the two major parties in Ireland? ------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael. 25.What is meant by “Vietnamization” of the war?--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.26.Which country is the world’s biggestproducer and user of tobacco?------It is the U.S.A..27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?-------He was Benjamin Franklin.28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?------He was Sir John Macdonald.29.What was the convict system?------In the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places.30.How is New Zealand electricity produced? ------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?-----It is the Church of England.32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.33.Where were oil and natural gas found inBritain?------Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea.34.What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?-----It can be described as “mild,moist and changeable”.35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?-----It began after the America War of Independence.36.Where is the president of the United States’ offcial residence?-----The White House is his official residence.37.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?------People often say that the history of Canada is a history of immigration.38.What is “urban sprawl’’?------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.39.What is the way of changing theconstitution in Australia?------The Constitution can be changed only by referendum.40.Where is the volcanic activity in New Zealand?------The volcanic activity can be found on the central plateau in North Island.41.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?------They are the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands. 42.What was the Gunpowder plot of 1605?------It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?-----It began with the textile industry.44.What is the capital of Ireland?------It is Dublin.45.Which state is the largest in the United States?------Alaska is the largest one.46.What is the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?-----In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationist.47.What is affirmative action?------It is the preferential treatment for minorities and women in education and employment.48.What was established in 1670 in Canada? ------The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.49.Which hemisphere is Australia in?------It is in the Southern hemisphere.50.Where is the capital of New Zealand?------It is Wellington.51.Who were the Vikings?-----The Vikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark.52.Which system was completely established under William in English?-----The feudal system was completely established under William in English.53.What are the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales?-----They are the Country Courts.54.When did Ireland declare itself a republic? ------Ireland declared itself a republic on April 18,1949.55.Where is known as the agricultural capital of the U.s.?-----Omaha is known as the argricultural capital of the U.S.A..56.What is the most central functions of the Congress in America?-----It is the passage of laws.57.What is Mark Twain’s mast er work?-----It is the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. 58.Which city is Canada’s largest city?-----It is Toronto.59.What was Australia called in the 1950s?------Australia was called “the lucky country”in the 1950s.60.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geography?-----It is mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.61.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed,nor any execution of the king in Britain?------It is the Glorious Revolution.62.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?-------There are steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.63.What is a constitutional monarchy?------It is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule.64.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?-----It is English.65.Which are some of the biggest cities in the U.S.?------They are New York,LosAngeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia.66.Who drafted The Declaration of Independence in the U.S.?------He was Thomas Jefferson..67.Which country is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products?-----It is the United States.68.In what way does Quebec differ from the other provinces of Canada?-----It differs from the other provinces because it has strong French culture.69.What is nations largest and most diverse industry today in Australia?-----It is agriculture.70.What percentage are Maori to the population of New Zealand?------About 10% are Maori or part Maori. 71.Where are mostly highland and lowland in Great Britian?-----The north and west of Britian are mainly highlands,while the east and south-east aremostly lowlands.72.What is Heptarchy?-----By the end of the 7th century, England was divided into seven kingdoms which was,called Heptarchy.73.What did England appear in the 18th century,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines?-----The Industrial Revolution appeared in England in the 18th century.74.What is the basic ethnic stock in Ireland? ------It is Celtic.75.What does tariff protection mean?-----It means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.76.What is the full name of the U.S.?-----It is the United States of America.77.What is the general view of Americans on education?-----It is that every American has the right and obligation to become educated.78.What does Governor-General represent?----It represents the Queen.79.Which three periods are the history of Australia divided into?-----They ae the arrival of Aborigines,the colonization of Australia by the British,and the Commonwealth of Australia.80.Who was the first European come to New Zealand and What was his nationality?-----He was Abel Tasman and was a Dutchman.81.What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?------They are Whigs.82.How many members are there in the House of Commons?------There are 651 members in the House of Commons.83.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots,Welsh and Irish?------The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while those the Scots,Welsh andIrish are Celts.84.What is the Republican Army?------It is a terrorist or organization dedicated to the union of all Ireland as one country under one government.85.Which three countries have the largest populations in the world?------China,India and the United States have the largest population in the world.86.Who led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery,Alabama?-----He is Martin Luther King,Jr.87.What is the “ Lost Generation”?------It refers 60s young intellectuals who becames disappointed and bitter after World War II.88.What are most industries in Canada?------It is manufacturing.89.Who was the first Prime Minister in Australia?-----He was Edmund Barton.90.What are two main islands in NewZealand?------They are North Island and South Island.91.Who were the Lollards?----They were poor priests and travelling preachers who were Jo hn Wyclif’s followers in the 14th century.92.What has the new farming been called in Britain?----It has been called agribusiness.93.What does the NHS provide in Britain?----It provides the family health,hospital and specialist services.94.Who is the head of state in Ireland?------The head of state is the president.95.Who were the Puritans?----The Puritans were the members of a Protestand group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England.96.Which three branches is the U.S. government divided into?------They are the legislative,the executive and the judicial.97.What is adult education also called now?-------It is also called”continuing education” programs or “lifelong education” programs. 98.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’ Wa r between the British and the French?------After the Seven Years’ War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America.99.What is the role of the Senate in Australia? ------The senate has the very nearly equal power as the House of Representatives,except that it has no power to deal with money bills. cation in New Zealand is free,secular and compulsory,What does this sentence mean?-----It means that no tuition fee is paid,no school is run by religious party and every child must go to school to study.西方人眼中的数字生活中的数字(number)无处不在，但有写数字带有固定的象征意义。

英语国家社会与文化重点术语

英语国家社会与文化重点术语
monwealth of Nations: 英联邦，包括英格兰，威尔士，苏
格兰，北爱尔兰和52个唯一的独立共和国或王国。

2.The United Kingdom: 英国，由英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔
兰组成。

3.British Isles: 不列颠群岛，由英国，爱尔兰，苏格兰，威尔士和
英格兰大部分其他岛屿组成。

4.English language: 英语，它是英国最主要的语言，在英联邦和其
他英语国家有广泛使用。

5.English literature : 英语文学，指的是用英语撰写的文学作品，
起源于英国，并被全世界传播。

6.British monarchy: 英国君主制，也称英国王室，是以女王或国王
为头的君主制，历史悠久。

7.British culture: 英国文化，指的是由英国及其前殖民地创造的文化，包括文学，艺术，表演艺术，音乐，电影，体育，宗教，历史，
建筑和社会习俗等。

8.British accent: 英国口音，指用英语讲话时，英国人所使用的口音，有不同的地区口音。

9.British cuisine: 英国菜肴，指由英国的食品、烹饪方法和历史习
惯组成的料理，融合欧洲，北美洲，中东和亚洲元素。

10.United Kingdom flag: 标志联合王国的国旗，也称为Union Jack，由英格兰，威尔士和苏格兰三块组成。

英语国家文化常识

Cultural Knowledge of Major English-Speaking Countries英语国家文化常识1.United States of America:a country of North America with coastlines on the Arctic,Atlanticand Pacific oceans.It includes the noncontiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.The area now occupied by the contiguous48states was originally inhabited by numerous Native Americans,the Indians.2.Washington,D.C.:capital of the United States,coextensive with the District of Columbia.Washington is the legislative,administrative,and judicial center of the United States.The city is also a major tourist attraction and cultural center.3.Abraham Lincoln:16th president of America.As president,he is best remembered forleading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the1863 Emancipation Proclamation,for delivering the Gettysburg Address,the most famous oration in American history,on19November1863,in which he claimed that government should be “of the people,by the people,for the people”.4.Pearl Harbor:an inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the southern coast of Oahu,Hawaii.It becamethe site of a naval base after the United States annexed Hawaii in1898.On Sunday,7 December1941,Japanese planes attacked the base,and United States entered World War II the following day.5.George Washington:first president and the founding father of the US.He stands as one ofthe three men—the others being Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt—who came to power at the most6.Ralph Waldo Emerson:the most thought-provoking American cultural leader of themid-19th century.As a transcendentalist,Emerson spoke out against materialism,formal religion,and slavery.7.Henry David Thoreau:an American author,naturalist,and philosopher who is best knownfor his essay,Civil Disobedience,an argument for individual resistance to civil government, which would later influence such figures as Mohandas K.Gandhi and Martin Luther King,Jr.8.John Denver:one f the most popular recording artists of the1970s in the US.As country-folksinger/songwriter,Denver’s gentle,environmentally conscious music,like Rocky Mountain High and Take Me Home,Country Roads established him among the most beloved entertainers of his era.9.Mark Twain:American humorist and novelist.Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens,hispseudonym,Mark Twain,was taken from Mississippi riverboat terminology.His humorous tales of human nature,especially The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876)and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885),remain standard texts in high school and college literature classes.10.Earnest Hemingway:one of the most famous American writers of the20th century.He wrotenovels and short stories about outdoorsmen,expatriates,soldiers and others.He is best known for his short novel The Old Man and the Sea(1952)which won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in1954.11.Rocky Mountains:a major mountain system of Western North America,extending around5,100km from northwest Alaska to the Mexican border.12.The New Deal:the collection of political and economic policies and programs promulgatedby the first two administrations of the presidency of Franklin D.Roosevelt.The New Deal policies were aimed at combating the economic miseries of the Great Depression.13.The Beatles:English top group,formed in Liverpool by John Lennon,Paul McCartney andGeorge Harrison.14.Yesterday Once More:a hit song by The Carpenters from their album Now&Then.TheCarpenters were a vocal and instrumental duo,consisting of siblings Karen and Richard Carpenter.They recorded fifteen#1songs in the entire decade of the1970s15.Halloween:celebrated in the United States,Canada,and the British Isles on31October bychildren going door to door while wearing costumes and begging treats and playing pranks.16.Jazz:once described as“the most significant form of musical expression of American blackculture and America’s outstanding contribution to the art of music”.From obscure origins among African Americans in New Orleans a century ago,the music blends elements of African music,work songs,and developing through the blues and ragtime into a new syncopated improvisational style.Jazz flourished in New Orleans before World War I,in Chicago in the1920s,and in New York and throughout the country after that.17.MIT:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,US private university in Cambridge,famous forits scientific and technological training and research.Founded in1861,MIT has schools of architecture and planning,engineering,humanities,arts,social sciences and management(the Sloan School).18.Ping-pong Diplomacy:In1971,a Us table-tennis team paid a visit to China after many yearsof antagonism between the two countries,opening the door for China-US people-to-people contacts.In the fall the same year,the then US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger visited China,followed by another historic visit by President Richard Nixon in1972,which paved the way for the normalization of bilateral relations.19.New York City:the“Big Apple”,the“City That Never Sleeps”—New York is a city ofsuperlatives:America’s most exciting place;its business and cultural capital;the nation’s trendsetter.20.Hollywood:a district of the city of Los Angeles,California,US.Its name is synonymous withthe American movie industry.It became the center of the movie industry by1915.21.Silicon Valley:located around Santa Clara and San Jose,California,being the home of manykey US corporations that specialize in advanced electronic and information technologies.First called“Silicon Valley”by a local news letter writer,the“Valley”became the center of newly developing technologies that many believed would revolutionize computers, telecommunications,and even society itself.22.IMF:the International Monetary Fund,an organization of185countries dedicated topromoting global monetary cooperation and the health and stability of the internationalmonetary system.The IMF supports worldwide economic growth by granting loans and technical assistance to countries in need.The organization was formed in1944.23.University of Cambridge:one of the world’s oldest and most prestigious academicinstitutions.Dating back some800years to1209,Cambridge boasts more than100academic departments and several world-class research centers that have produced more than8-Nobel Prize winners.Its alumni have included such prominent notables as Sir Isaac Newton,Charles Darwin,and Stephen Hawking.24.The British Broadcasting Corporation:usually known as the BBC.Founded in1922as theBritish Broadcasting Company Ltd,it was subsequently granted a Royal Charter and made a state-owned corporation.The corporation produces programs and information services, broadcasting globally on television,radon,and the Internet.25.Stonehenge:a group of standing stones in the west of England.The arrangement of the stonessuggests that Stonehenge might be once used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory.26.Robert Burns:widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland,and a lyricist.Among hisbest-known songs are“Auld Lang Syne”and“A Red,Red Rose”.He freely proclaimed his radical opinions,his sympathies with the common people,and his rebellion against orthodox religion and morality.27.Big Ben:one of the world’s largest four-faced clocks,also one of London’s most famouslandmarks.The name,which originally referred to the hour bell,was given in honor of Sir Benjamin Hall,the commissioner of works,according to the legend.28.Hyde Park:located in Westminster borough,London,England,a large public park inwest-central London,England.Distinctive features of the park are Hyde Park Corner(also the Speakers’Corner),the meeting place of soapbox orators.29.M artin Luther King,JHr.:an African-American clergyman who advocated social changethrough non-violent means.A powerful speaker and a man of great spiritual strength,he shaped the American civil rights movement of the1950s and1960s.King won the1963Nobel Peace Prize,becoming at the time the youngest recipient ever.30.GM:General Motors Corporation(GM)is the world’s largest automotive manufacturer formost of the20th century and into the21st It was founded in1908by William C.Durant to consolidate several motorcar companies,based in Flint,Michigan.Its arsenal of brands includes Chevrolet,Pontiac,GMC,Buick,Cadillac,Saturn,Hummer,and Saab.31.London Bridge is falling down:one of the widest-know children’s songs in theEnglish-speaking world and has existed both as a nursery rhyme and as a singing game for a very long time.32.The Mississippi River:the largest river of North America.The River has been a focal pointin American history,commerce,agriculture,literature,and environmental awareness.33.Trafalgar Square:in Westminster,London,England,named for Lord Nelson’s victory at thebattle of Trafalgar.Trafalgar Square is a frequent site of political rallies.34.Gladiator:a2000historical action drama film.It is directed by Ridley Scott and stars RussellCrowe.Crowe portrays General Maximus Decimus Meridius,who rises through the ranks of the gladiatorial arena to avenge the murder of his family and his Emperor.The film who five Academy Awards in the73rd Acadamy Awards ceremony.35.University of Oxford:an autonomous university at Oxford,Oxfordshire,England.It wasfounded in the12th century and modeled on the University of Paris,with initial faculties of theology,law,medicine,and the liberal arts.Oxford has been associated with many of the greatest names in British history.36.Cowboy:used in England meaning“a boy who takes care of cows”.But it is the Americanswho invented two new meanings for it.The first one was the revolutionary patriots’term for pro-British raiders during the American Revolution,while the second kind of cowboy came to national and worldwide attention after the American Civil War,when for two decades thousands of cowboys drove millions of longhorn cattle from Texas to the new transcontinental railroads in Kansas and Colorado.Building on this legend,cowboy today still is used to mean someone who is reckless,impulsive,and dangerous.It can also be modified to mean someone who merely puts one airs of being tough or sophisticated:a drugstore cowboy.37.Canada:with a developed market economy that is export-directed and closely linked withthat of the US,Canada is one of the world’s most prosperous countries.It is a parliamentary state with two legislative houses;its chief of state is the British monarch,whose representative is Canada’s governor-general,and the head of government is the prime minister.Originally inhabited by American Indians and Inuit,Canada was visited in AD1000by Scandinavian explorers,whose settlement is confirmed by archaeological evidence from Newfoundland.38.Sydney:capital of New South Wales,Australia.Sydney is Australia’s largest city,chief port,and main cultural center.The dramatic,modernistic Sydney Opera House complex was largely designed by Jorn Utzon,the Danish winner of an international competition;it is now Sydney’s most famous landmark.39.Salzburg:the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg.Salzburg’s“Old Town”with its world-famous baroque architecture was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The city is noted for the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the setting for parts of the musical and film The Sound of Music,which features famous landmarks in Austria,but focuses mainly on Salzburg.40.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:a prolific and influential composer of the Classical Era in whatis now Austria,but then part of the Holy Roman Empire.He composed over600works,many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic,concertante,chamber,piano,operatic,and choral music.He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers.41.Buffalo:the second most populous city in the state of New York,second only to New YorkCity.Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River,Buffalo is the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.42.The Scilence of the Lambs:a1991horror thriller directed by Honathan Demme and starringJodie Foster,and Anthony Hopkins.It is based on the novel of the same name by ThomasHarris.In the film,Clarice Starling,a young FBI trainee,seeks the advice of the imprisoned Lecter on catching a serial killer known only as“Buffalo Bill”.The film won the top five Academy Awards:Best Picture,Best Actress,Best Actor,Best Director and Best Screenplay.43.Madonna:an American recording artist,actress and entrepreneur.Madonna is ranked by theRecording Industry Association of America as the best-selling female rock artist of the20th century and the second top-selling female artist in the United States.She has sold over200 million albums worldwide.In2007,Guinness World Records listed her as the world’s most successful female recording artist of all time and she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the following year.44.Bank Holliday:a public holiday in both the United Kingdom and Ireland.There is someautomatic right to time off on these days,although the majority of the population not employed in essential services receive them as holidays;those employed in essential services usually receive extra pay for working on these days.Bank holidays are often assumed to be so called because they are days upon which banks are shut,but this is not in fact the case.Some of the assumed bank holiday are days on which the banks are shut but are not,in fact,a bank holiday(e.g.Good Friday and Christmas Day).Stephen’’s Day:or called the Feast of St.Stephen is a Christian Saint’s Day celebrated on 45.St.Stephen26December in the Western Church and27December in the Eastern Church.Many Eastern Orthodox churches adhere to the Julian calendar and mark St.Stephen’s Day on27December according to that calendar.46.Boxing Day:a public holiday in the United Kingdom,Australia,Canada,New Zealand,andcountries in the Commonwealth of Nations with a mainly Christian population.The name derives from the English tradition giving gifts(a“Christmas box”)to less fortunate members of society in the days when people worked in rural economies.Boxing Day is traditionally celebrated on26December.Unlike St Stephen’s Day,Boxing Day has become a secular holiday and is not always on26December.The date of observance of Boxing Day varies between countries.47.Martin Luther King,Jr.Day:a United States holiday marking the birthdate of Reverend.Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.,observed on the third Monday of January eash year,around the time of King’s birthday,January 5.It is one of three United States federal holidays to commemorate an individual person.After King’s assassination in1968,United States Representative John Conyers introduced a bill in Congress to make King’s birthday a national holiday.On November2,1983,United States President Ronald Reagan signed the bill creating a federal holiday to honor King.It was observed for the first time on January2o, 1986.Washington’’s birthday:a United States feral holiday celebrated on the third Monday of 48.WashingtonFebruary.It is also commonly known as Presidents Day(or Presidents’Day).As Washington’s Birthday or Presidents Day,it is also the official name of a concurrent state holiday celebrated on the same day in a number of states.bor Day:a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September(September7in2009).The holiday originated in Canada out of labor disputes(“Nine-HourMovement”)first in Hamilton,then in Toronto,Canada in1870s,which resulted in a Trade Union Act which legalized and protected union activity in1872in Canada.In1882,American labor leader Peter J.McGuire witnessed one of these labor festivals in Toronto.Inspired from Canadian events in Toronto,he returned to New York and organized the first American“Labor Day”on September5of the same year.50.Columbus Day:first became an official state holiday in Colorado in1906,and became afederal holiday in1934.The day has been celebrated in the United States since1792in New York City,and it honors Christopher Columbus,who landed in the Americans on October12, 1492.51.Veterans Day:is an annual American holiday honoring military veterans.Both a federalholiday and a state holiday in all states,it is usually observed on November11.It is also celebrated as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day in other parts of the world,falling on November11,the anniversary of the signing of the Armistice that ended World War I.52.Thanksgiving Day:presently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November,has been anannual tradition in the United States since1863.It did not become a federal holiday until1941.Thanksgiving was historically a religious observation to give thanks to God,and is still celebrated as such by some religious families,but it is now considered a secular holiday as well.In the United States,certain kinds of food are traditionally served at Thanksgiving meals.Baked or roasted turkey is usually the featured item on any thanksgiving feast table.Stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy,sweet potatoes,cranberry sauce,sweet corn,other fall vegetables, and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving dinner.Patrick’’s Day:an annual feast day which celebrated St.Patrick,the most commonly 53.St.Patrickrecognized of the patron saints of Ireland,and is generally celebrated on17th of March.The day is a national holiday of Ireland.It is also a public holiday in Canada,United Kingdom, Australia,the United States,Argentina and New Zealand.It is widely celebrated but is not an official holiday.Today,St.Patrick’s Day is widely celebrated in America by Irish and non-Irish alike.Many people,regardless of ethnic background wear green-colored clothing and items.Celebrations are generally themed around all tings Irish and the color green.The secular version of the holiday is celebrated by wearing green,eating Irish food and/or green foods,imbibing Irish drink and attending parades,which have a particularly long history in the United States.Andrew’’s Day:the first day of Saint Andrew.It is celebrated on30November.Saint 54.St.AndrewAndrew is the patron saint of Scotland,and St.Andrew’s Day is Scotland’s official national day.In2006,the Scottish Parliament designated St.Andrew’s Day as an official bank holiday.Although most commonly associated with Scotland,Saint Andrew is also the patron saint of Greece,Romania,and Russia.Quiz1.Which of the following states is the capital of the United States?A.New York.B.London.C.Washington.D.California.2.Who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.B.Mark Twain.C.Robert Burns.D.Ernest Hemingway.3.In which city can you see Big Ben?A.Oxford.B.London.C.Cambridge.D.Sydney.4.When does Thanksgiving Day come?A.On the second Sunday in May.B.On the third Saturday of June.C.On the first Monday in May.D.On the fourth Thursdays in November.5.Who gave the famous speech“I Have a Dream”?A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.B.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.C.Christopher Columbus.D.Martin Luther King,Jr.6.Which of the following abbreviations is the world’s largest automotivemanufacturer?A.AMB.GMC.BBCD.MIT7.Which of the following novels was written by Ernest Hemingway?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.The Last IvyC.Pride and PrejudiceD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn8.Hollywood is synonymous with the American______industry.A.automobileB.movieC.electronicD.novel9.Which of the following rivers is the largest one of North America?A.The Nile.B.The Amazon.C.The Mississippi.D.The Danube.10.Which of the following cities is called the“Big Apple”?A.New YorkB.LondonC.CaliforniaD.WashingtonKeys to Quiz1.C2.B3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.B9.C10.A。

初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点

初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点英语作为一门全球通用的语言，学习英语不仅仅是学习语言知识，还涉及到英语国家的文化、习俗和传统。

在初中阶段，学生需要掌握一些关于英语国家和文化的基本知识点。

本文将介绍一些与英语国家和文化相关的知识点。

1. 英语国家及其地理位置英语是英国的母语，但也广泛使用于其他国家和地区。

主要的英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。

这些国家分布在不同的大陆，有着各自独特的地理环境和人文特点。

2. 主要的英语国家文化每个英语国家都有其独特的文化特点。

比如英国文化以绅士风度、茶文化和冠冕堂皇的皇室传统而闻名；美国文化以自由、多元和创新为核心；加拿大文化强调多元文化以及对自然环境的保护。

学生需要了解这些文化特点，以便更好地理解和交流。

3. 英语国家的节日和庆典不同的英语国家有自己独特的节日和庆典。

比如英国的圣诞节、复活节和万圣节；美国的独立日和感恩节；加拿大的国庆日等。

学生可以通过学习这些节日和庆典，了解当地的文化习俗和传统。

4. 英语国家的体育文化体育在英语国家有着重要的地位，不同的体育项目也与当地文化紧密相连。

例如英式足球在英国是最受欢迎的运动，美国橄榄球和篮球在美国备受热爱，加拿大的冰球是国球。

了解英语国家的体育文化，对于拓宽学生的视野和培养体育兴趣都有益处。

5. 英语国家的饮食文化饮食文化也是了解一个国家的重要方面。

英语国家的饮食文化多种多样，比如英国的英式早餐、美国的汉堡和炸鸡、加拿大的枫糖浆等。

学生可以通过学习英语国家的饮食文化，了解不同国家的饮食习俗和传统。

6. 英语国家的名人和文化艺术英语国家涌现了众多的名人和文化艺术家。

通过了解一些英语国家的重要名人和文化艺术作品，学生可以进一步了解英语国家的历史和文化成就。

比如英国的莎士比亚、美国的爱默生和卡莱尔、加拿大的贝鲁特等。

7. 英语国家的教育体系英语国家的教育体系对于学生的成长和未来发展起到重要的影响。

了解英语国家的教育体系，可以帮助学生更好地规划自己的学习和职业发展。

英语国家文化小知识100例

英语国家文化小知识100例1.The United States celebrates Independence Day on July 4th.2.The British royal family resides at Buckingham Palace.3.Canada has two official languages: English and French.4.Australians often refer to their country as "the land down under".5.The Irish holiday St. Patrick's Day is celebrated on March 17th.6.New Zealand is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including mountains, beaches,and fjords.7.Thanksgiving is a major holiday in the United States and Canada, typically celebrated inNovember.8.The Scottish Highland Games feature traditional sports like caber tossing and hammerthrowing.9.The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Australia and is the world's largest coralreef system.10.In the United States, the Super Bowl is a major annual event that attracts millions ofviewers.11.The city of Toronto, Canada is home to the CN Tower, one of the tallest freestandingstructures in the world.12.In Australia, the Outback refers to the vast, remote interior of the country.13.The Kentucky Derby is a famous horse race held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, in theUnited States.14.Ireland is known for its stunning green countryside and scenic coastal towns.15.In Canada, the French-speaking province of Quebec is known for its distinctive culture andcuisine.16.The New Year's Eve celebration in New York City's Times Square is a major event thatattracts visitors from around the world.17.The Sydney Opera House is an iconic building located in Sydney, Australia.18.The United States has a long history of jazz music, which originated in the southern state ofNew Orleans.19.In England, the sport of cricket is very popular and has a long history.20.The Australian Open is one of the four major tennis tournaments in the world.21.In Scotland, bagpipes are often played at important events and ceremonies.22.Hollywood, located in Los Angeles, California, is known as the center of the American filmindustry.23.In Canada, ice hockey is a beloved national sport.24.The Grand Canyon, located in the southwestern United States, is a stunning natural wonder.25.In Australia, the Great Ocean Road is a scenic coastal drive that offers breathtaking views ofthe ocean.26.The United States is known for its diverse cuisine, influenced by many different cultures.27.The British Museum in London is home to a vast collection of artifacts from around theworld.28.The Sydney Harbour Bridge is an iconic landmark in Sydney, Australia.29.In Canada, the Rocky Mountains offer stunning views and opportunities for outdooractivities like hiking and skiing.30.The United States has a rich history of folk music, which has been influenced by variouscultural traditions.31.In England, the Tower of London is a historic castle that has served many different purposesover the centuries.32.Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a massive sandstone formation located in the AustralianOutback.33.The Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles, California, features the stars of many famousentertainers.34.The Canadian flag features a red maple leaf in the center.35.In Scotland, the Loch Ness Monster is a legendary creature said to inhabit a large lake.36.The United States is home to many national parks, including Yellowstone and Yosemite.37.In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is home to a diverse array of marine life, including coral,fish, and sea turtles.38.The English author William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatestplaywrights in history.39.Niagara Falls, located on the border between the United States and Canada, is a populartourist destination.40.In the United States, the Fourth of July is celebrated as Independence Day, marking thecountry's declaration of independence from Great Britain in 1776.41.In Canada, hockey is considered the national sport and is a beloved pastime amongCanadians.42.In Australia, "barbies" (short for barbecues) are a common social activity, with friends andfamily gathering to cook and eat together outdoors.43.In the United Kingdom, tea is a staple drink, often enjoyed with biscuits (cookies) or scones.44.In New Zealand, the haka is a traditional Maori war dance that is also performed by thenational rugby team, the All Blacks, before each game.45.In the United States, Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday inNovember, where families gather to share a meal and give thanks.46.In Canada, poutine is a popular dish made with french fries, cheese curds, and gravy.47.In Australia, the beach is a popular destination for outdoor activities, such as swimming,surfing, and sunbathing.48.In the United Kingdom, the Royal Family is a prominent feature of the country's culture, withevents such as royal weddings and births being celebrated by the public.49.In Ireland, St. Patrick's Day is a national holiday celebrated on March 17th, where peoplewear green and participate in parades and other festivities.50.In the United States, the Super Bowl is an annual event that attracts millions of viewers andis known for its elaborate halftime show and commercials.51.In Canada, maple syrup is a popular condiment and ingredient in dishes, particularly in theprovince of Quebec.52.In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder that attracts visitors from around theworld for snorkeling and diving.53.In the United Kingdom, fish and chips is a traditional dish that is typically served innewspaper.54.In Jamaica, reggae music is a prominent part of the country's culture and is associated withthe legendary musician Bob Marley.55.In the United States, baseball is a popular sport that is often referred to as "America'spastime."56.In Canada, Tim Hortons is a popular coffee and donut chain that is beloved by manyCanadians.57.In Australia, Vegemite is a spread made from yeast extract that is commonly eaten on toast.58.In the United Kingdom, pub culture is an important part of social life, with people gatheringat local pubs to drink, socialize, and watch sports.59.In India, Diwali is a major holiday that celebrates the victory of light over darkness and ismarked by the lighting of diyas (lamps) and fireworks.60.In the United States, Mardi Gras is a popular celebration in New Orleans that is marked byparades, parties, and colorful costumes.61.In Canada, ice hockey is a sport that is often played outdoors on frozen ponds and lakesduring the winter months.62.In Australia, ANZAC Day is a national holiday that commemorates the sacrifices made byAustralian and New Zealand soldiers in wars and conflicts.63.In the United Kingdom, afternoon tea is a tradition where people enjoy tea, sandwiches, andcakes in the mid-afternoon.64.In South Africa, braai (barbecue) is a popular cooking method that is often accompanied bymusic, dancing, and socializing.65.In the United States, Halloween is a holiday that is celebrated on October 31st and isassociated with costumes, trick-or-treating, and spooky decorations.66.In the UK, "tea time" is a cultural tradition that typically occurs around 4 pm, where peopletake a break for tea and often some small snacks or cakes.67.In the US, baseball is known as the "national pastime" and has a rich history and culture.68.In Canada, ice hockey is a popular sport and a big part of the national identity.69.St. Patrick's Day, celebrated on March 17th, is an important cultural holiday in Ireland and isalso widely celebrated in other English-speaking countries.70.The American holiday of Thanksgiving, held on the fourth Thursday of November, is a timefor families to gather and give thanks.71.The Scottish tradition of wearing kilts and playing bagpipes is still widely practiced today.72.In Australia, the concept of the "outback" refers to the vast, remote areas of the countrythat are largely uninhabited.73.Canada is known for its multiculturalism, with many different ethnic and cultural groupsliving harmoniously together.74.In the US, the Fourth of July is a major holiday celebrating American independence.75.The UK is home to many famous landmarks and tourist attractions, such as BuckinghamPalace, the Tower of London, and Stonehenge.76.The traditional English breakfast typically includes eggs, bacon, sausage, black pudding,beans, mushrooms, and toast.77.The American holiday of Halloween, celebrated on October 31st, is a time for dressing up incostumes and going trick-or-treating.78.In Canada, the French-speaking province of Quebec has a unique culture and history thatsets it apart from the rest of the country.79.In the US, the city of New Orleans is known for its vibrant music and cultural scene,particularly during Mardi Gras.80.The British royal family is a cultural institution that has been a part of the country's historyfor centuries.81.In Australia, the concept of the "bush" refers to the country's rural areas and wilderness.82.The US is known for its fast food culture, with popular chains such as McDonald's and BurgerKing.83.Shakespeare is a hugely important cultural figure in the UK, with his plays and sonnets stillwidely studied and performed today.84.In Canada, the winter sport of curling is particularly popular, with many clubs andcompetitions throughout the country.85.In the US, the Super Bowl is a major cultural event and the most-watched television programof the year.86.The UK has a rich literary history, with authors such as Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and J.K.Rowling all hailing from the country.87.In Australia, the beach is a central part of the culture, with many people living near the coastand enjoying activities such as swimming and surfing.88.The American holiday of Christmas is celebrated on December 25th and is a time for givinggifts and spending time with loved ones.89.In Canada, the First Nations people have a rich cultural heritage and are recognized as one ofthe country's founding peoples.90.The UK has a strong tradition of theater, with the West End in London being one of theworld's most famous theater districts.91.In the US, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s had a major impact on thecountry's cultural and political landscape.92.In Ireland, traditional Irish music is an important part of the culture and is often played inpubs and other social gatherings.93.In Australia, the indigenous Aboriginal culture has a rich history and is recognized as theoldest continuous living culture in the world.94.The national flower of England is the rose.95.In the United States, Independence Day is celebrated on July 4th.96.Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal.97.The traditional dance of Ireland is called the Irish jig.98.In Canada, ice hockey is the national sport.99.In India, the national animal is the Bengal tiger.100.The national dish of Thailand is Pad Thai.101.In New Zealand, the native people are called the Maori.102.The national bird of Brazil is the macaw.103.The traditional costume of Scotland is called a kilt.104.In South Africa, there are 11 official languages.105.The national dish of Japan is sushi.106.The national tree of Lebanon is the cedar.107.The national animal of Australia is the kangaroo.108.In the United States, Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. 109.The national flower of Scotland is the thistle.110.The national bird of Canada is the Canadian goose.111.In Mexico, the national sport is bullfighting.112.The traditional instrument of Greece is the bouzouki.113.In Australia, the native people are called the Aboriginals.114.The national flower of Wales is the daffodil.115.In France, the Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark.116.The national dish of Italy is pasta.117.The national animal of China is the giant panda.118.In the United States, the national bird is the bald eagle.119.The traditional dance of Spain is called the flamenco.120.The national tree of the United States is the oak.121.The national animal of Russia is the bear.122.In Japan, the national sport is sumo wrestling.123.The traditional costume of Japan is the kimono.124.In India, the national flower is the lotus.125.The national dish of Mexico is tacos.126.The national bird of Australia is the emu.127.In Canada, the national animal is the beaver.128.The national flower of China is the peony.129.The traditional dance of Russia is called the ballet.130.In South Korea, the national sport is Taekwondo.131.The national animal of France is the rooster.132.The traditional costume of China is the cheongsam.133.In Italy, the national animal is the wolf.134.The national tree of Canada is the maple.135.The national bird of Japan is the Japanese crane.136.In Brazil, the national sport is soccer.137.The traditional instrument of China is the erhu.138.The national flower of India is the lotus.139.The national dish of France is escargot.140.In the United States, the national tree is the bald cypress.141.The traditional dance of Mexico is called the salsa.142.The national animal of Mexico is the golden eagle.143.In Egypt, the Pyramids of Giza are a famous landmark.144.The national dish of Spain is paella.145.The national bird of China is the red-crowned crane.146.In Thailand, the national sport is Muay Thai.147.The traditional costume of Russia is the sarafan.148.In England, the Tower of London is a famous landmark.149.The national tree of Mexico is the Mexican oak. 150.The traditional dance of Japan is called the Bon Odori. 151.The national animal of Spain is the bull.152.In France, the national flower is the iris.153.The national dish of China is Peking duck.。

mother language概念-概述说明以及解释

mother language概念-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述母语是指一个人最早学会并且熟练使用的语言，也被称为第一语言或家庭语言。

它是人类最基本的交流工具和文化媒介，承载着个体的思想、情感和身份认同。

对于人们来说，母语不仅是一种语言能力的表现，也是一种文化的传承和沟通的桥梁。

母语从出生开始就在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。

通过母语，我们学会了表达自己的需求、感受和想法。

它是我们与亲人、朋友和社会进行交流的基础。

母语的学习过程始于家庭，在父母和其他家庭成员的影响下逐渐形成。

随着我们的成长，母语不仅成为我们与他人交流的工具，也成为我们认识和理解世界的方式。

通过使用母语，我们能够更好地表达自己的思想，理解他人的观点，并参与到社会和文化活动中。

母语对于个体和社会而言都具有重要意义。

对于个体而言，母语是个性和身份的重要组成部分。

它与我们的记忆、情感和经验紧密相连，影响着我们的思维方式和行为习惯。

母语的掌握程度也直接关系到个体的学习成绩和沟通能力。

对于社会而言，母语是文化多样性和社会凝聚力的象征。

每个人都有其独特的母语，不同的母语反映了不同的文化背景和传统习俗。

母语的使用能够促进人们之间的相互理解和合作。

在多语言社会中，母语的保护和推广也是维护社会和谐的重要因素。

因此，母语不仅仅是一种语言，更是一种文化的体现。

保护和传承母语对于个体和社会的发展至关重要。

随着全球化的发展，母语教育和母语维护亟需引起更多的重视和关注。

只有通过尊重和保护每个人的母语，人类的多样性和文化繁荣才能得以实现。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容:文章的结构是指文章的组织架构和章节安排。

通过良好的文章结构，读者可以更清晰地理解文章的内容和逻辑关系。

本文将会按照以下结构展开讨论母语的概念以及其重要性和影响。

首先，在引言部分，我们将给出对本文主题的概述，即母语的定义和解释。

这将为读者提供对母语的基本了解，并为后续内容打下基础。

英语母语国文化常识

以英语作为母语的国家有6个：英国、美国、加拿大、新西兰、澳大利亚、爱尔兰。

新西兰首都：惠灵顿（Wellington），最大的城市：（Auckland）；民族：白人，人（Maoris）；国旗：新西兰是成员国，“米”字图案表明同的传统关系；四颗星表示南十字星座，表明该国位于，同时还象征独立和希望；新西兰于1856年成为英国的自治，1907年成为自治区，到了1947年完全独立；kiwi除了用来称呼奇异鸟，这个词还用来称呼。

加拿大首都：（英语：City of Ottawa 法语：Ville d'Ottawa）；最大城市：（英语：City of Toronto）。

民族：英裔，法裔加拿大原住民：人又称（除外的所有美洲土著居民的总称）面积：直接第二（1俄罗斯；2加拿大；3中国）国体议会君主制monarchical parliamentary system政体：联盟制confederacy选举：5年澳大利亚（Australia）全球土地面积第六大的国家民族：70%是英国及爱尔兰后裔：（Canberra）；最大城市：悉尼（Sydney）国体：议会制parliamentary system政体：联邦制结构形式：联邦制政党制度：多党制（执政党和反对党，最大党为澳大利亚自由党Liberal Party和澳大利亚工党）选举：3年大选（义务投票制）爱尔兰（Ireland）民族：爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人，是欧洲大陆第一代居民的子嗣：(Baile átha Cliath)文学：四人获得了，诗人(W.B.Yeats)、剧作家(G.B.Shaw)、剧作家(S. Beckett)和诗人(S. Heaney)。

还有１９世纪唯美主义代表(O. Wilde)和代表最高成就的作品《》("Ulysess")的作者乔伊西(J.Joyce)。

英国英国全称（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），是由、、和组成的联合王国民族：英国白人国球：（cricket）首都：伦敦（London）。

英语国家社会与文化入门——The_government_of_the_united_kingdom

Text英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家，可以在1000年追查根源。

其他国家也有长期的政治历史，但这些历史是由突发期显着，而经常是暴力，改变。

虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比，说，法国，美国，还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化，而不是革命。

这种长期，不间断的历史仍然十分明显，在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。

The Monarchy政府机构，是最古老的君主（由国王规则）。

这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的，直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。

本女王伊丽莎白二世，是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特，谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。

君主的权力，主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。

有人认为，主权来自他从上帝的权威，不能从他的臣民。

由于这种神圣的权利，尽管有不同的家庭之间，有时谁坚持战斗，他们以合法的王位继承人，君主制的实际存在，很少受到质疑。

对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首，但有一个短暂的例外。

在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”（即所谓的，因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短）由奥利弗克伦威尔，谁想要废除君主制，并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。

在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年，成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。

虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中，即使在中世纪，人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。

相反，主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。

国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大，拥有土地的封建贵族，其他强大的集团的许多战役。

这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王（1199年至1216年的一些帮派）的政策。

这种反对如此强烈，国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章，但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。

大宪章放在国王的能力，他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。

这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。

The Parliament这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”，即，讨论或交谈。

这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会，如果他想筹集资金。

英语小常识

英语小常识英语小常识包括以下内容：1. 英语是全球第三大使用人数最多的语言，母语使用者超过4亿人，非母语使用者接近10亿人。

2. 英语是国际商务和科技交流的主要语言，大多数国际组织和跨国公司都使用英语作为官方语言。

3. 英语有26个字母，其中5个元音字母是a, e, i, o, u。

除了元音字母外，其他字母都是辅音字母。

4. 英语中最常用的字母是e，其次是t、a、o和i。

5. 在英语中，单词的重音可以改变单词的意思。

例如，"present"作为名词时，重音在第一音节，表示礼物；作为动词时，重音在第二音节，表示呈现。

6. 英语中有许多语言借词，尤其是拉丁语、法语和德语。

例如，"restaurant"来自法语，"alumni"来自拉丁语，"kindergarten"来自德语。

7. 英语中有许多同音异义词，即拼写和发音相同但意思不同的词，例如"bat"可以是棒球棍，也可以是蝙蝠。

8. 英语中的动词有不规则变化的情况，即在过去式和过去分词中形式不规则。

例如，"go"的过去式是"went"，过去分词是"gone"。

9. 英语中有一些常见的缩写词和缩写短语，例如"ASAP"是"as soon as possible"的缩写，"DIY"是"do it yourself"的缩写。

10. 英语中有很多习语和俚语，这些短语和表达方式通常无法通过字面意思理解，需要了解其习惯用法和上下文才能理解其真正含义。

例如，"break a leg"在演艺界用于祝福，意思是祝演员好运。

英语国家社会与文化总结

英语国家社会与文化总结1.多元社会：英语国家，如美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和英国等，是多元社会的代表。

这些国家由于历史的原因，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成了种族、宗教、语言和文化上的多样性。

这种多元性使得英语国家成为一个开放包容的社会，让人们能够在其中享受到丰富的文化体验，同时也促进了社会的进步和发展。

2.社交礼仪：英语国家注重社交礼仪，礼貌、尊重和互惠关系被视为社会交往的基本原则。

例如，在英国，人们通常会在打招呼时向对方问候，如"你好"或"请问有什么可以帮到你的"。

在美国，人们更倾向于直接地称呼对方的名字，并在表达意见时注重礼貌和谦逊。

这些社交礼仪的遵守，有助于促进人与人之间的友好交流和相互理解。

3.高度重视教育：英语国家普遍高度重视教育，并且提供了世界上一流的教育资源。

这些国家致力于发展全人教育，注重培养学生的创造力、批判性思维和团队合作能力。

此外，英语国家也非常注重职业教育和技能培训，使学生能够获得实用的知识和技能，为他们未来的职业生涯做好准备。

4.崇尚个人主义：英语国家与许多其他社会文化相比，更加崇尚个人主义。

人们在追求自我实现和个人利益的同时，也注重个人的独立和权利。

这种个人主义的特点在英国和美国尤为明显，人们普遍享有言论自由和选择的权利，他们鼓励人们追求自己的梦想，并追求个人和家庭的成功。

5.体育文化：英语国家对体育文化有着深厚的热爱和传统。

足球、橄榄球、板球和篮球等运动在英语国家非常流行，并且体育比赛常常成为人们社交娱乐的重要组成部分。

这种体育文化的存在，不仅有助于促进人们的健康和身体素质，也有助于建立团队精神和英勇精神。

总之，英语国家的社会和文化是多元性、社交礼仪、教育重视、个人主义和体育文化等多个方面的综合体现。

了解和理解这些特点，有助于更好地融入和适应英语国家的社会环境，并促进跨文化交流和交往的成功。

英语小知识简短

英语小知识简短有：
1．英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言：世界上以英语为母语的人超过4亿，全球有85%的人或多或少使用英语，很多国际场合都使用英语。

2．英语是国际交流语：很多其他国家的语言都有自己独特的用途，但英语被广泛用作国际交流语言，在商业、科学、医学、技术等领域中广泛使用。

3．英语是联合国的官方语言：英语是联合国的官方语言之一，也是许多国际组织的官方语言。

4．英语是世界上最受欢迎的外语：虽然学习英语的人很多，但并不是所有的人都想学习英语。

据统计，学习英语的人数超过其他任何一种外语，因此，英语是世界上最受欢迎的外语之一。

此外，还有：
1．英语是一门综合性的语言，涉及的学科非常广泛。

2．英语的发展历史可以追溯到古代文明社会的诞生地。

3．英国人善于喝下午茶，这是他们的一个传统习惯。

以上这些都可以视为英语的小知识。

英语文化常识

公历一年有12个月，但不少人并不知道12 个月的英语名称的来历。

公历起源于古罗马历法。

罗马的英语原来只有10 个月，古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾，后来朱里斯-凯撒大帝把这两个月移到年初，成为1月、2月，原来的1月、2月便成了3月、4月，依次类推。

这就是今天世界沿用的公历。

January——1月在罗马传说中，有一位名叫雅努斯的守护神，生有先后两副脸，一副回顾过去，一副要眺望未来。

人们认为选择他的名字作为除旧迎新的第一个月月名，很有意义。

英语January，便是由这位守护神的拉丁文名字January演变而来的。

February——2月每年 2 月初，罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒，欢庆菲勃卢姆节。

这一天，人们常用一种牛、草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子，抽打不育的妇女，以求怀孕生子。

这一天，人们还要忏悔自己过去一年的罪过，洗刷自己的灵魂，求得神明的饶恕，使自己成为一个贞洁的人。

英语2月February，便是由拉丁文Februar-ius（即菲勃卢姆节）演变而来。

March-----3月3月，原是罗马旧历法的1 月，新年的开始。

凯撒大帝改革历法后，原来的1月变成3月，但罗马人仍然把3 月看做是一年的开始。

另外，按照传统习惯，3月是每年出征远战的季节。

为了纪念战神玛尔斯，人们便把这位战神的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。

英语3月March，便是由这位战神的名字演变而来的。

April——4月罗马的4月，正是大地回春.鲜花初绽的美好季节。

英文4月April便由拉丁文April（即开花的日子）演变而来。

May——5月罗马神话中的女神玛雅，专门司管春天和生命。

为了纪念这位女神，罗马人便用她的名字——拉丁文Maius命名5月，英文5月May便由这位女神的名字演变而来。

June——6月罗马神话中的裘诺，是众神之王，又是司管生育和保护妇女的神。

古罗马对她十分崇敬，便把6月奉献给她，以她的名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6 月。

英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。

英语国家概况知识点总结

英语国家概况知识点总结概述:英语被广泛用于世界各地，特别是在英语国家。

英语国家是指以英语为官方语言的国家。

这些国家在文化、历史和政治方面有着共同的特点。

本文将总结关于英语国家的一些重要知识点。

1. 英语国家数量:目前，英语被作为官方语言或主要语言使用在75个国家和地区。

其中，英国、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚是英语国家中最重要的四个国家。

2. 英语的起源:英语起源于古代日耳曼语，并受到盎格鲁、撒克逊、日耳曼和诺曼底法语等语言的影响。

在中世纪，英语逐渐成为英格兰的主要语言，后来通过英国的殖民活动传播到世界各地。

3. 英语的变体:英语有多种变体，包括英国英语、美国英语、澳大利亚英语和加拿大英语等。

这些变体在发音、拼写和用法方面有所不同。

4. 英语国家的文化:英语国家的文化多样且富有活力。

英国是莎士比亚、达尔文和牛津剑桥等的故乡，以其丰富的文学、音乐和戏剧传统而闻名。

美国则以好莱坞电影、摇滚音乐和现代科技创新而著名。

澳大利亚和加拿大拥有美丽的自然风光，并注重多元文化的融合。

5. 英语国家的政治体制:英语国家有各种不同的政治体制。

英国是君主制国家，美国是联邦共和制国家，澳大利亚和加拿大则是联邦议会制国家。

这些国家在政治制度上有着明显的区别，但都保持着相对稳定的政治体系。

6. 英语的全球影响力:英语是联合国和其他国际组织的官方语言之一。

它也是全球商务和文化交流的主要语言。

掌握英语可以给人们提供更多的就业机会和交流平台。

7. 英语教育:英语是世界上最广泛学习的第二语言。

在许多英语国家，英语教育是义务教育的一部分。

英国、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚都有世界一流的教育体系，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。

结论:英语国家在全球范围内有着重要的地位和影响力。

了解英语国家的概况能够帮助人们更好地理解英语语言及其文化背景。

掌握英语不仅是国际交流的必要工具，也是扩大人们视野和增加自身竞争力的关键。

初二英语国家与文化知识点

初二英语国家与文化知识点1. 介绍国家与文化的重要性（开头段）在初二英语学习中，国家与文化是一个重要的知识点。

了解不同国家的文化和背景对于拓宽视野、促进跨文化交流具有重要意义。

本文将带您了解一些常见的国家与文化知识点。

2. 国家与文化知识点之一：美国（主体段一）美国是一个多元文化的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。

美国的主要语言是英语，同时英国的传统也对美国文化有较大影响。

美国的音乐、电影和食物等方面都具有独特的魅力。

此外，美国的重要节日如独立日、感恩节等也是了解美国文化的重要窗口。

3. 国家与文化知识点之二：英国（主体段二）英国是英语的故乡，拥有悠久的文化传统。

莎士比亚的作品、皇室的历史、茶文化等都是英国文化的重要组成部分。

英国人讲究礼仪，喜欢喝茶、玩板球，英国音乐和电影也享誉世界。

了解英国文化有助于我们更好地掌握英语，并欣赏英国的艺术和文学。

4. 国家与文化知识点之三：中国（主体段三）中国作为一个历史悠久的国家，有着丰富多彩的文化。

中国是世界上最为人口众多的国家之一，中文是中国的官方语言。

中国的传统文化有着独特的魅力，如书法、绘画、茶道等。

中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日也是了解中国文化的窗口。

5. 国家与文化知识点之四：其他国家（主体段四）除了美国、英国和中国，世界上还有许多其他国家也拥有丰富的文化。

法国以其浪漫和时尚而著名，意大利以其美食和建筑而吸引人，日本以其独特的礼仪和传统艺术闻名，等等。

了解这些国家的文化不仅可以加深对其他国家的认识，也能促进跨文化交流。

6. 总结通过了解不同国家的文化，可以帮助我们更好地了解世界各地的人们，并促进文化之间的相互交流与理解。

初二英语学习中掌握国家与文化知识点，对于提高英语水平和培养跨文化意识具有重要作用。

（注：此为一篇大致满足1000字的文章，可根据需要增减字数。

文章内容仅供参考，具体内容可根据实际情况进行调整。

）。

英美人知识资料

• C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell. D. Jane Austen.
该题是关于英国文学知识，考查的是英国著名小说家的作品, 考查作家作品
是专业该书为浪漫主义时期女作家Jane Austen所作，因此答案是D。
• 2．Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? （2007 年真题第35题）
二、国家历史知识 1. 最早居民或早期居民
英国：The Iberians 古伊比利亚人美国：The Indians 印第安人
加拿大：The Inuits 因纽特人澳大利亚：The Aborigines 土著居民新西兰：The Maoris 毛利人
2.重要历史事件
英国:The Norman Conquest of 1066(1066年诺曼征服)、
condensed into fourteen lines (2006年真题第37题)
• A. Free verse
B. Sonnet
• C. Ode
D. Epigram
该题是关于文学术语的问题。十四行诗（Sonnet ）是欧洲的一种抒情诗体，诗句共有十四行，音译为"商籁体"，语源于普罗旺斯语Sonnet。原系中世纪民间流行并用于歌唱的一种短小诗歌。自欧洲进入文艺复兴时代之后，这种诗体获得广泛的运用。十六世纪初，十四行诗体传到英国，风行一时，到十六世纪末，十四行诗已成了英国最流行的诗歌体裁。产生了锡德尼、斯宾塞等著名的十四行诗人。莎士比亚进一步发展并丰富了这一诗体，一生写下一百五十四首十四行诗。莎士比亚的诗作，改变了彼得拉克的格式，由三段四行和一副对句组成，即按四、四、四、二编排，其押韵格式为 ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG。每行诗句有十个抑扬格音节，常常在最后一副对句中点明题意。后来，弥尔顿、华兹华斯、雪莱、济慈等人也曾写过一些优秀的十四行诗。因此答案为B。

英语课程中的英语国家文化习俗

英语课程中的英语国家文化习俗在学习英语的过程中，除了学习语法和词汇，了解英语国家的文化习俗也是非常重要的。

通过了解英语国家的文化，我们不仅可以更好地理解和运用英语，还能够增进与英语国家的人们的交流与了解。

在这篇文章中，我们将介绍一些英语国家中常见的文化习俗，并探讨它们对英语学习的影响。

一、英国的文化习俗1. 英式茶文化英国是茶饮文化的代表，下午茶更是英国人崇尚的一种生活方式。

下午茶通常在下午3点至5点之间进行，人们会享用茶、糕点和三明治。

学习英语的学生可以通过了解英式茶文化，来拓宽自己的文化视野，同时在语言学习中也可以运用与茶相关的词汇和表达。

2. 皇家卫队仪式英国伦敦白金汉宫的卫兵换岗仪式是英国传统文化的象征之一。

每天上午11点，卫兵们会穿着传统的红色制服，在白金汉宫前进行隆重的仪式。

了解这一习俗不仅可以帮助学生更好地了解英国的历史和传统，还可以丰富学习英语时所使用的文化知识。

二、美国的文化习俗1. 感恩节感恩节是美国人民传统的节日之一，通常在每年11月的第四个星期四举行。

这一天，人们会与家人和朋友共进丰盛的晚餐，同时表达对生活中的各种恩惠的感激之情。

通过了解感恩节的文化背景和习俗，学生们可以更好地理解美国人民的价值观和态度，同时也能够在英语学习中使用与感恩节相关的词汇和表达。

2. 美国足球超级碗超级碗是美国最具盛名的橄榄球赛事之一，每年都会吸引数以亿计的观众。

超级碗的举办不仅是一项运动盛事，也成为了美国文化的一部分。

了解超级碗的传统和习俗，可以帮助学生更好地了解美国文化和运动文化，并在英语学习中推广与超级碗相关的词汇和表达。

三、澳大利亚的文化习俗1. 澳大利亚日每年的1月26日是澳大利亚国庆日，也被称为澳大利亚日。

这一天，澳大利亚人民庆祝他们国家的历史、文化和多元社会。

通过了解澳大利亚日的庆祝活动和相关的文化习俗，学生们可以了解澳大利亚的文化多样性，并在语言学习中使用与澳大利亚日相关的词汇和表达。

小学英语教学中的英语国家文化介绍

小学英语教学中的英语国家文化介绍在小学英语教学中，除了学习语言知识，了解英语国家的文化也是非常重要的一部分。

通过介绍英语国家的文化，学生不仅可以更好地理解英语语言的背景和运用，还可以开拓他们的视野，增加对世界其他文化的了解。

本文将以英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰五个英语国家为例，介绍它们的文化特点。

英国是英语语言的发源地，也是全球英语文化的代表之一。

英国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴，在文学、音乐、艺术等领域都有令人瞩目的成就。

莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一，他的作品被广泛翻译成各种语言，并对世界文学产生了深远的影响。

英国音乐家贝多芬、莫扎特等也是世界音乐史上的璀璨之星。

此外，英国的建筑、传统习俗、皇室文化等也是英国文化的重要组成部分。

美国是世界上最强大的国家之一，其文化影响力也是全球独树一帜的。

美国是一个移民国家，拥有来自世界各地的不同民族和文化，这种多元文化的融合是美国文化的一大特点。

美国有着独特的民俗文化，比如感恩节、独立日等节日。

此外，好莱坞是世界著名的电影工业基地，美国的音乐、时尚、食物等也受到全球的欢迎。

加拿大是一个富有活力和包容性的国家，其独特的文化也吸引着世界各地的目光。

加拿大的文化受到法国和英国的影响，多元的文化包括原住民文化、法国文化、英国文化等。

加拿大的自然风光优美，被誉为“自然之国”，这也反映在加拿大的文化中，比如加拿大的视觉艺术、文学、电影、音乐等都受到自然环境的启发。

澳大利亚是一个多元文化的国家，其文化融合了来自不同国家的影响。

澳大利亚的原住民文化是当地文化的重要组成部分，澳大利亚的传统音乐、舞蹈、绘画等也受到原住民文化的影响。

澳大利亚是运动的国家，澳大利亚足球、板球等都受到广泛的关注。

此外，澳大利亚的电影、文学、音乐等也在国际上享有盛誉。

新西兰是一个自然风光优美的国家，被誉为“上帝之域”。

新西兰的文化受到毛利人的影响，毛利文化在新西兰的文化中占有重要地位。