句子成分与结构
句子成分与句子结构
• 1. Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly. • 2. Well the man the piano played. • 3. This morning a book I from the library borrowed. • 4. A new school built they in our village last year. • 5. She a letter from her brother last week received. • 6. The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.
It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.(主语后置) • It is + n./adj./ v-ed + that • 据说他明天要来武汉。 • 学好英语很重要。 • 他没能通过考试真的很遗憾。 • 众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家之一。
1.2 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语永远只能 由动词构成。
1.5 状语 状语可修饰动词、形容词或者全句，可以由副词、 介词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。 He is listening to the teacher carefully.
It won’t be long before we know the truth.
1.6 补语 所谓补语，即下面的这个结构: v+ n.十n. / adj.中的n. / adj.部分。
句型二：主语+系动词+表语
系动词的构成： 1. be动词 2. 感官动词（seem,look,taste,sound`) 3. 其他系动词 表示动作的持续和变化（keep, remain,come,go,become， get``) 4. 表示“看起来像”（look,
句子成分和结构
第二讲句子成分和句子结构一：句子成分句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功能的组成部分。
1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。
如：Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）数词4）动词-ing形式5）不定式6）名词短语7）名词从句等。
2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
如：Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）。
3、宾语：用来表示行为的对象或内容，常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如：I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
)I hate mouse. (我讨厌老鼠。
)这两句话中单词mouse是名词，单词him是代词，它们在句中作宾语。
充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）-ing形式5）数词6）不定式7）名词从句等。
4、定语：用来修饰名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如：This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳。
)He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。
）The girl behind me is my sister. (我后面的那个女孩是我的姐姐。
)前两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语.宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语: 由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the people.我们为人民学习。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。
3、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
We like English.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
4、表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem 等）之后。
Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。
I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。
5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。
形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分和句子结构----认识英语句子的构成一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、呼语和插入语等。
构成句子的主要部分是主语和谓语。
表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。
其他成分如定语、状语、同位语是句子的次要成分。
1．主语主语是谓语动作或状态的执行者，指的是“谁”或“什么事”。
常用作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词，不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
George is a born leader. （名词）Nobody knew what had happened. （代词）Two of us will attend the conference tomorrow. （数词）The young are always willing to accept new things. （名词化的形容词）To go the bed early and to get up early is a good habit. （不定式短语）Losing his new MP4 made Tom very sad. （动名词短语）What we can’t get seems better than what we have. （名词性从句）2.谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，说的是“做什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
Father cooks very well.My sister has worked in the company for five years.Our school is becoming more beautiful.The World Expo is well organized.3.宾语宾语是动作的承受者，指的是“做”的内容。
英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。
句子成分和句子结构
The man next to me is a scientist.
3. 介词短语作定语要后置。 The boy under the tree is Tom.
补语有些动词虽然是及物动词但是只能跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的句子意思宾语后必须加上一个补语成分才能使句意完整所加上的部分就是宾语补足语
句子成分和句子结构
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量
一、相关概念
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。
1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三 7 冠词 article art. a/an/the 8 介词 preposition prep. at 在... 9 连词 conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦
6.状语
状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或者是整个句子，说明动作 或者状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
He writes carefully.（认真地写）
He walks slowly.（慢慢地走）
This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词 用副词，作状语。）
九大句子成分五大句子结构
will be answered tomorrow.
9. 呼语：称呼用语。
如：Sir、Madam、Your Majesty、Your Highness
3. There be结构的句子扩充：
There be +(定语) +主语+（定语）+（地状） +（时状）.
There is a book on the desk. There is an English book on the desk. There is an English book on Chinese history, which was written by a famous British historian, on the desk that stands near the window. 积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造 句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。
We will make him monitor. The good news made us happy. Please let me in. My mother gets me to read English every morning. He kept me waiting for two hours. The news that our team had won the match made
Thanks! Live with passion! Enjoy your study.
grandpa. The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as
句子成分和句子基本结构(共32张PPT)
• ② Why is he worried about Jim?
• ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
• ④ Soon they all became interested in the subject.
• Please keep the dog out. (副词)
误区警示
• 主动语态变被动语态后，宾补变成主补 • He was last seen playing near the river. • He was considered to have stolen the money.
八、同位语
meet. (结果状语) He often goes to work by bus. (方式状语)
挑出下列句中的状语
• 1. Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
• 2. Because he was ill, Tom lost his job. • 3. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear
• ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • His father works in a steel work. (名词) • There are 54students in our class. (数词) • Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
句子成分理解句子结构及成分的功能与作用
句子成分理解句子结构及成分的功能与作用句子是我们表达思想、交流信息的基本单位。
了解句子的结构和成分对于准确理解句子的含义至关重要。
本文将介绍句子的基本结构以及各个成分的功能和作用。
一、句子的结构句子的结构由句子成分组成，通常包括主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语等。
1. 主语（Subject）主语是句子中的中心成分，它通常回答“谁”的问题。
主语在句子中执行动作或者被描述的行为。
例如：“小明喜欢跑步。
”中的“小明”就是主语。
2. 谓语（Predicate）谓语是句子中的核心成分，它通常回答“做什么”的问题。
谓语可以是动词、形容词、副词或者其他类似的词或短语。
例如：“他正在读一本书。
”中的“正在读一本书”就是谓语。
3. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作的承受者或者受事者，它通常回答“谁”或“什么”的问题。
宾语可以是名词、代词或者从句。
例如：“我买了一本新书。
”中的“一本新书”就是宾语。
4. 补语（Complement）补语是对主语或者宾语进行补充说明，它通常回答“是什么”的问题。
补语可以是形容词、名词、介词短语等。
例如：“他是一位科学家。
”中的“一位科学家”就是补语。
5. 定语（Attribute）定语是对名词或者代词进行修饰或者限定的成分，它通常回答“哪一个”、“什么样的”等问题。
定语可以是形容词、限定词、介词短语等。
例如：“这辆车很漂亮。
”中的“很漂亮”就是定语。
6. 状语（Adverbial）状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子的成分，它通常回答“怎样”、“在哪里”、“为什么”等问题。
状语可以是副词、介词短语、从句等。
例如：“他经常骑自行车上班。
”中的“经常”就是状语。
7. 同位语（Appositive）同位语是对名词或者代词进行解释、说明或者补充的成分，它通常位于名词或者代词的后面。
同位语可以用来解释名词的身份、职业、称谓等。
例如：“我的朋友李明是一名医生。
”中的“李明”就是同位语。
句子成分及种类
句子成分&句子结构一、句子成分句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等;主语和谓语是句子的必需部分；宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分；其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分;有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分;1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题;主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当;Some people can’t use the computer. 名词作主语He teaches us English. 代词作主语Three and five is eight. 数词作主语To read in bed is bad for your eyes. 不定式作主语Eating more vegetables is good for us. 动名词短语作主语That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. 从句作主语广东Do you need more time to complete the taskYes, another ten days _____ enough.A, is B, are C, was D, were2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态;谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后;谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语;The boy speaks Japanese. 简单谓语Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 简单谓语I can play the baseball. 合成谓语Our city becomes more beautiful. 合成谓语3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当;I bought a book. 单宾语,名词The news surprised us. 单宾语,代词He told me the news about it. 双宾语,代词/名词A friend lent some money to me. 双宾语, 名词/代词We consider him an honest boy. 复合宾语Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. 复合宾语4.表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语;My pen friend is an American boy. 名词This book isn’t mine. 代词He was the first to come to school yesterday. 数词The man looks strong. 形容词My father is out. 副词His job is to clean the school. 动词不定式短语The dictionary is in the bag. 介词短语Wasting time is killing yourself. 动名词短语The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. 从句5.定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种; （1）前置定语：常用来充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格,动词-ing 形式等;We had a good time in the park. adj.His father is doctor. pron.She cut the meat into two pieces. numeralThis is a stone table. n.Let’s put the child in the sleeping bag. v-ing（2）后置定语: 常用来充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语和从句等;I have got something interesting to tell every one of you. Adj.The trees around were cut last week. Adv.Would do you like something to drink InfinitiveThe book on the bed is mine. Prepositional phraseThe model plane flying in the sky is made by Bill. Present participleThe woman who stands at the gate is my mother. Subordinate clause6.状语：状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等;状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、从句等担当;They are walking in the park.He was looking everywhere for Jane.She was deeply moved by the story I told her.I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t hear clearly what he said.7.补足语: 补足语是用来说明主语或宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分;含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语成了主语补足语;可以作为补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;You must keep your bedroom clean.He was once again found wandering along the street.现在分词作主语补足语His parents made him stay at home. 动词不定式作宾语补足语→He was made to stay at home by his parents. 动词不定式作主语补足语8.同位语: 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分即同位语;同位语常置于被说明的词之后;同位语由名词、代词、数词、从句等充当;This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.We each have a cellphone now.You may leave it to us two.We are excited about the news that we win the match.9.独立成分: 在句子中插入一个词或短语,这个词或短语并不和其他成分发生语法关系,此时这个词或短语就是一种独立成分;独立成分包括称呼语、感叹语、插入语等;Hurry up, friends, or we’ll be late. 称呼语作独立成分Aha I’ve got you right here. 感叹语作独立成分By the way, what do you usually do at weekend 插入语作独立成分二、句子结构英语句子按照结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;1.简单句：只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫简单句;判断下列句子属于哪种简单句的基本句型：We walked and laughed.The children are playing.Children often sing this song.I don’t know what to do.My bike is new.He became a famous scientist.Mr. Wu teaches us English.My father bought me a new camera.We can hear someone playing the violin next door.We can keep it warm.拓展：There +be +主语+ 状语英语中有一个独特的句型叫there be 结构,该结构表示“某地/某时存在某人/某物”;There 无意义,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者在数上必须保持一致;句子最后为地点状语或时间状语;There is a car in front of the house.There are many books in his school bag.2.并列句: 并列句是由并列连词and, but, or, so等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子;并列连词的基本句子结构为：简单句+并列连词+ 简单句;（1）表示并列的并列连词I help her and she helps me.Both Wendy and Kate are from American.（2）表示选择的并列连词The girls can go with us, or they can stay at home.Either he or she is going to help us.（3）表示因果的并列连词The days are short, for it is now December.The boy did his homework carefully, so he never made any mistakes（4）表示转折的并列连词It is very good, yet it can be better.He is old but he is in good health.That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.3.复合句: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句;主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,仅用作句子的一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等;We shouldn’t give our children whatever they want.I’ll never forget the stories that my grandma told me.He worked for a foreign company when he was in Shanghai.一．划出下列句子中的主语①A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.②I don’t know if it will grow.③ Doing your homework in time is important.④To win the game is difficult.⑤There are some people in our classroom.⑥Five is not enough.二. 划出下列句子中的谓语①I saw a girl.②I love you.③ You should work English hard.④You had better take a bus.⑤I want to give you a book.三．划出下列句子中的宾语①I saw a cat in the tree.②We think you are right.③ My father bought me a book.④We call him LaoWang.⑤We forgot to close the window.四．划出下列句子中的定语①That is a beautiful flower.②This is my book, not your book.③ I have a lot of things to do.④I have met the boy in that room.⑤He has something important to say.五．划出下列句子中的状语①He is playing under the tree.②Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.③ The house is dirty because he didn’t clean it.④He buys a gift to make her happy.⑤If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.六. 划出下列句子中的表语①These desks are yellow.②It is getting cooler and cooler now.③ My work is teaching English,④It sounds good.⑤It smells nice.七. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me。
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：1.During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular. 名词2.We often speak English in class. 代词3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词7.When we are going to have an English test hasnot been decided.主语从句8.It is necessary to master a foreignlanguage.it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
如：Do you speak English？They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分是指句子中的各个组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
句子结构是指句子中各个成分之间的关系和组织方式，包括简单句、并列句、复合句等。
常见的句子成分有：
1.主语：句子中执行动作或被动地承受动作的名词或名词短语，提供
句子的主体。
例如：张三（主语）正在跑步。
2.谓语：表示主语动作或状态的动词或动词短语。
例如：张三正在（谓语）跑步。
3.宾语：接在及物动词后面，被动承受动作的名词或名词短语。
例如：张三正在跑步（谓语），锻炼身体（宾语）。
4.定语：修饰名词或代词的成分，修饰的内容可以是形容词、名词等。
例如：漂亮（定语）的花朵盛开了。
5.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
例如：昨天（状语）我去了图书馆。
常见的句子结构有：
1.简单句：由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子，可以有宾语、定语、
状语等。
例如：我（主语）喜欢（谓语）跳舞。
2.并列句：由两个或多个分句通过并列关系连接在一起，各个分句地位相等。
例如：我喜欢唱歌，他喜欢跳舞。
3.复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子，从句在句子中充当其他成分的一部分。
例如：我喜欢唱歌，因为它能让我放松身心。
句子成分和句子结构
一、句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
包括：主语，谓语，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(一)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：Y ou may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
句子成分及句子结构
句子结构及成分1.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.He opened the door.The meeting began at six. <vi.>We began the meeting at six. <vt.>指出以下句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt. ，不及物填 vi. 。
考点 1.Most birds can fly .〔〕考点 2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( )考点 3.It happened yesterday.〔〕考点 4.My watch stopped . 〔〕考点 5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ()考点 6.She spoke at the meeting this morning.〔〕考点 7.Shall I begin at once?〔〕考点 8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.〔〕〔〕考点 9.When did they leave Beijing?〔〕考点 10.They left last week.〔〕2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。
实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
如：He lives quite near. (live“住〞，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。
I like reading.〔like“喜欢〞，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。
〕I bought a pen yesterday.〔bought“买〞，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。
句子成分及句子结构
句子成分及句子结构一．句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You do n’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel (摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
句子结构及成分
句子结构及成分一.句子成分现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:除主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）之外还有表语（predicative）（同位语）。
许国璋英语中划句子成分的符号主语在下面划一直线谓语在下面划曲线宾语在下面划双横线定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，钉谐音为“定语” 的“定”）状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可由1。
名词、2.代词、3。
数词、4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5。
不定式、6。
动名词、7。
主语从句等表示.The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing。
（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history。
(数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词)To see is to believe. （不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s，American country music has become more and more popular。
2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls。
句子成分及句子结构
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
Seeing is believing.
状态：seem, appear, prove ---
感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look ---
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.
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句子成分与结构一、主语1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.二、谓语1、简单谓语He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语（1）You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）Do you speak English？They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.（3）We are students.三、表语1.His job is to teach English.2.His hobby is playing football.3. The speech is exciting.4. The truth is that he has never been abroad.四、宾语1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.五、宾补1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.六、定语1.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.2.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.3.He is reading an article about how to learn English.4.She is the girl who sings best in my class.七、状语1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4.He is in the room making a model plane.5. Once you begin, you must continue.种类1. How about meeting again at six?st night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.10.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.八、同位语This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.九、插入语To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、划分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .10.He gave his son some advice on reading .11.Read me the first paragraph .12.I’ve ordered some soup for you .13.He began leaning English ten years ago .14.My being late worried my teacher .15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .16.April’Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit .18.I found the book in the corner of the room.19.he finished lunch and went into the garden .20.The telephone rang .21.We study hard .22.His father might have died .23.Will you leave the door open when going out .24.Can you make the dog stand still ?25.The landlord had them working day and night .26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing .27.We all breathe ,eat, drink .28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning .29.The book weighs five kilos .30.They will be flying to London .31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me .32.He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.33.Please pass a newly- published magazine to me .34.He lived in Guang Zhou .35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees .36.His uncle left him some money .37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years .38.I like popular music .39.She knows what to do next .40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.长难句分析练习1 I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve so crazy about everything to do with nature.2 It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in Landon.3 By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colors used on paintings look richer and deeper.（理解非限制性定语从句的作用）4 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.5 Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other green house gases, the climate is going to keep warming for decades or centuries.6 Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.7 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.8 Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will follow next and how fast.9 I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.10 Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that had got her into medical school.。