2012年职称英语新增为必考内容
2012职称英语理工新增内容
阅读理解篇 1Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.词汇：circadian adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的adolescent n．青少年；adj．青少年的puberty n．发育；青春期sync n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调synchronize V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。
(5+1)2012职称英语教材卫生类新增内容
2012职称英语教材卫生类新增内容：阅读理解篇（1）Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portionsizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇：orphan n.孤儿belly n.肚子nutrition n.营养waistline n.腰围paycheck n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
2012年职称英语阅读背诵版(卫生类含新增)
*第十九篇 （新增）Prolonging Human Life 新增）
*第二十篇 FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce *第二十一篇 Early or Later Day Care *第二十二篇 Egypt Felled by Famine *第二十三篇 After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide
Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
3．Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor（卫C） ． （ ） 1）Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2）Lung cancer. 3）Irritated eyes and throat. 4）Surprised 5）Personal health and physical condition.
+第三十四篇
（新增）Who Want to Live Forever? （卫A） 新增）
+第三十五篇 Single-parent Kids Do Best +第三十六篇 Dangerous Sunshine to Children +第三十七篇 Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke +第三十八篇 Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk +第三十九篇 Pool Watch
2012年职称英语(综合类A级)考试教材新增内容(完整版)
2012年职称英语（综合类）考试教材新增内容（完整版）1. 词汇选项：没有变动2. 阅读判断：C级新增1篇，B级新增1篇，A级没有新增3. 概括大意与完成句子：C级新增1篇，B、A级没有新增4. 阅读理解：C级新增5篇、B级新增15篇，A级新增8篇5. 补全短文：C级新增2篇、B级新增1篇，A级没有新增6. 完形填空：C级、B级、A级各新增5篇阅读理解（8篇）+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not 逃亡+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路+第三十六篇 A Tale of scottish Rural Life（2011为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音乐+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?为什么有这么多的孩子+第三十九篇Eat To Life（2011为B级文章）为了活着吃饭+第四十篇Narrow Escape （2011为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策+第四十七篇Narrow Escape九死一生完形填空（5篇）+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；阅读理解+第三十四篇To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more...“Can I help you？”She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you u se it.” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.词汇：impersonal /im'pə:sənəl/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物antique /æn'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的n. 古董，古玩startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇n.惊愕，惊恐arid / 'ærid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。
职称英语2012年考试
2012年职称英语变化二、2012年教材新增文章（一）阅读判断1.第七篇：Moderate Earthquake Strikes England2.*第十一篇：Computer Mouse（二）概括大意与完成句子1.第六篇：How We Form First Impression2.第十篇：Washoe Learned American Sign Language（三）阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet5.第十六篇：The Sahara 6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）8.*第十九篇：The Family9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape（四）补全短文1.第九篇：Heat Is Killer2.*第十一篇：Virtual Driver（五）完形填空1.第一篇：A Life with Birds2.第二篇：S Lucky Break3.第三篇：Global Warming4.第四篇：A Success Story5.第五篇：Traffic in Our Cities6*.第六篇：Teaching and Learning 7.*第七篇：The Difference between Man and Computer8.*第八篇：Look on The Bright Side9.*第九篇：The First Bicycle10.*第十篇：Working Mothers11.+第十一篇：School Lunch12.+第十二篇：A Powerful Influence13.+第十三篇：The Old Gate14.+第十四篇：Family History15.+第十五篇：Helen and Martin温馨提示：每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率非常大，是考试复习的重点！职称英语2012年考试全解析】一、职称英语考试难度自1996年推出职称英语考试，根据人事考试网提供的数据来看，全国每年的通过率平均在60%左右。
2012职称英语理工B级必考资料-看后必过
第一部分：词汇词汇11、will you……….call may (phone)2、we’ll give……..space to (room)3、I have to go at once (immediately)4、The policemen……identify……(name)5、W e were…….occurred (happened)6、It took me…plete……(finish)7、The herd medicine eventually……(finally)8、We had along conversation….(talk)9、please let me…….attend…(go to)10、He have made up his mind…..(decided)11、you teacher….account…..(consideration)12、We have to put up with….(tolerate)13、They have given up……..(abandoned)14、I seldom watch TV (rarely)15、The dentist……take out …..(extract)词汇22、photojournalist coverage…(reportage)3、Below 600…..dimly….(faintly)4、“I’m not…..”mildly…..(gently)5、In 1861 it…inevitable……(certain)6、Many of novelist….isolated…(solitary)7、The workers… called off…(cancelled)8、John has…made up his mind….(decided)9、I catch…now and then (occasionally)10、He often finds fault with…(criticizes)11、The little…grasped….(took hold of)12、In judging…consideration…..(account)13、I can no….tolerate…(put up with)14、The doctors….abandoned……(given up)15、Have you….lately?(recently)词汇31、Even in a highly…..,manual…..(physical)2、+3、Many residents…….(occupants)4、The steadily………(continuously)5、Hundreds of……remedy…(cure)6、John Hanson…..draft……(formulate)7、Practically all……(Almost)8、Sulphur…occasionally….(sometimes)9、When doves…..try…(test)10、I rarely….(seldom)11、When she……readily….. (willingly)12、The dentist…..extract…(take out) 13、Y ou must shine…(polish)14、The majority……decent…(honest)15、A deadly…….(fatal)词汇41、Many fine…insist on….(demand)2、since the…….damaging (harmful)3、Cement…seldom…..(rarely)4、Nerve….speeds..(velocities)5、The poet…physician…(doctor)6、Medicine…particularly (especially)7、We shall…safe (secure)8、An important…a branch (a division)9、The child’s…abnormal (unusual)10、There is an abundant…(a plentiful)11、In order…accelerate..(step up)12、Gas..accumulate…(collect)14、Her…..childish (immature)词汇51、They hav e….appalling….(dreadful)2、I wasn’t…..anyhow (anyway)3、He achieved….(attained)4、The standards…..capabilities….(abilities)5、The army….in conjunction…..(together)6、His claims..credible…(convincing)7、Jack…diligent…(hardworking)8、society is….diverse…(varied)词汇61、With immense……(enormous)2、The scientists accumulate….(build up)3、When jack…overtook…..(passed)4、Because of…..advisable….(wise)5、Data from…..puzzle…(mystery)6、He rolled…exhibit…(show)7、Why can’t……eternal…(everlasting)词汇71、Loud noises…annoying (irritating)2、Human….de-liberately (intentionally)3、The constitution’s vague …..(imprecise)4、The expedition summit….10:30(top of the mountain)5、While….1970…ban (forbid)6、Gambling is lawful….(legal)7、They always mock…..(lugh at)8、These are…motives….(reasons)9、His new…omitted…..(failed)10、Guests were scared……(frightened)词汇81、He was one…anizers…(planner)2、The little boy…mighty…(very strong)3、The stories..authentically…(genuineely)4、Formulated..1832…asserted….(statedfirmly5、Smoking is…permitted (allowed)6、The chairman proposed….(suggested)7、I feel regret…..(sorry)8、She has……relied….(depended on)9、John removed……(took off)词汇91、Although……..an improved….(a better)2、There is ……breaks…..(beats)3、The attack…provoked….(elicited)4、Illinois….gangsters…(violent criminals)5、The towers….framework..(skeleton)6、The use of…hazard….(danger)7、Many….lure….(attraction)8、The……densely (compactly)9、The leading…..fascinated…(intrigued)10...They…settle…(solve)11…We….shocked……(surprised)词汇101、The …..uneasy (anxious)2、It is….demolished (pulled down)3、The….adverse (unfavorable)4、He…..concise…(short and clear)5、The…courteous….(respectful)6、The…invaluable…(extremely useful)7、The…insane….(crazy)8、Inhis..exhaustive(extremely thorough)9、Not….abided by..(adhered to)10...Examination… without bias (fairly)11.. The…terminated(put an end to)第二部分：新增文章篇目阅读理解（2篇）*第三＋八篇 "Li f e Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空（3篇）*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks f or Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins Wi th Fas t Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Li f e Form Found" on Saturn's Titan阅读理解Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1on the Saturn's moon2. T he discovery of a sort of lif e w as announced after researchers at the US space agency,NAS A3,analyzed data from s pacecraf t Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based f orm of lif e on Saturn's biggest moon.…………………………段落省略"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice af ter all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of w ork to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."练习：1 .What have scientists f ound about Saturn?C、 They have f ound methane-based life on Ti tan.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A 、There are li f e clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this f orm of lif e.(paragraph 5)What does"this f ormof lif e" ref er to?B 、Methan e-based lif e.4. What can be inf erred from w hat Allen said?A、Scien tis ts have di ff eren t arguments over whether there is li fe on Ti tan.5. Which of the f ollow ing can replace the title of this passage?D、 A di fferen t Li fe Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the w ay kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the ………………………………………………段落省略"This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger s ample6," s aid David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D 、Female teachers' con f idence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B 、A di ff icul t sub jec t like math may affec t teachers' conf idence in teaching the sub jec t.3. According to the experiment,those teachers w ere probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sal es receip t.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA 、prove a strong l ink between f emal e teachers' math anxiety and their f emal e s tuden ts' mathachievemen ts.5. David Geary thinks thatB、 the research results need to b e retes ted based on a larger sample.完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks f or Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been 1、carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 、urban development．She w arns that many of the w orld’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely s uff er from the impacts of changing c limate．Her work also concludes that most cities are f ailing to 3、reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4、gases．These gases are known to aff ect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the grow ing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing eff ective strategies to5、pro tec t their residents."C ities are 6、major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely aff ected by f uture climate change. Lankao’s f indings highlight ways in w hich city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could off er immediate and longer-term 7 、benefi ts．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities of ten place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8、threats associated w ith climate include storm surges and prolonged hot w eather. Storm surges can f loodcoastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9、heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10、lac k basic facilities such as drinking w ater or a dependable netw ork of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11、wi thout access to reliable drinking w ater，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12、theref ore ,should takeme asures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move tow ards rhetoric 13、rather than meaningf ul responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 、 au tomobile use. I n f act, manylocal governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 、idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmf ul eff ects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free S tatins With Fas t Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast f ood outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1、charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial CollegeLondon 2、sugges t in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 、 amoun t of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A w ealth of trial data has proven them to be highly eff ective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 、risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk off ered by a statin is 5、enough to off set the increase in heart attack risk from 6、eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，w ho is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11of the 7、unhealthy eff ects of cheeseburgers and French fries．I t’s b etter to avoid fatty f ood altogether．But w e’ve w orked out that in terms of your 8、possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9、degree as a fast food meal inc reases it.”“It’s ironic th at people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in f ast food outletsas they 10、like , but s tatins, w hich are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to makerisk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11、provided free of c harge．It w ould cost less than 5pence per 1 2、 cus tomer 一not muchdiff erent to a sachet of s ugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they’re encou raged to take 13、measures that low er their risk, 1ike 14 wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes w ith f ilters. Taking a statin is a rational w ay of 1 5、lowering some of the risks of eating a f atty meal．二阅读判断A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned（一）Inventor of LED（LED的发明者）1.Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A2.Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later. C3.Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. B4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. A5.Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. C6.Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. C7.The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. B（二）EI Nino（厄尔尼诺）1.The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. B2.The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occur-rences and sea-surface temperatures. A3.The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match-the past El Nino occurrences. C4.Weare's contribution in predicting El Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists. C5.According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. B6.It takes about, eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. A7.A special institute has been set up in. America to study El Nino. C（三）Smoking（抽烟）1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. B2.Smoking reduces one's .life expectancy. A3.Smoking may induce lung cancer. A4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. C5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. B6.Nicotine is poisonous.A7. Filters and low tar tobacco make' smoking safe. B （四）Engineering Ethics（工程道德）1.Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States. C2.The. number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at TexasA&M University. B3.The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues. B4.It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering, ethics. A5.Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics. C6.Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on, professional ethics. A7.It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics. A（五）Rescue platform（救生平台）1. A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways. B2.The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.A3.With the help of jet engines the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour. C4.In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle. B5.The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry. C6.In the wake of 'September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up .a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. B7.Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet. C （六）Microchip research center created（微芯片研究中心成立）1.The country says that.. the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country's chip industry. B2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. C3. Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. B4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. A5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. C6. Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. B（七）Moderate earthquake strikes England（中度地震袭击英国）1.During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power. B2.The Channel Tunnel was closed, for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred. C3.It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously. A4.France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors. C5.The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580. B6.Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A7.It can be inferred from the passage -that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A（八）Easy learning（容易的学习）1.Babies can learn language even in their sleep. A2.An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old. C3.Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. C4.The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.A5.The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep. A6.If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow. B7.Cheour's finding is worthless. B（九）Dangers await babies with altitude（高海拔地区的婴儿有危险）1.According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished. B2.Giussani's team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University. C3.Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into. A4.The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb. A5.High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies. B6.High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average. C7.Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up. B（十）Irish dolphins may have a unique dialect（爱尔兰海豚可能有独特语言）1.The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists. C2.Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. B3.Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins. A4Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. A5.Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins. C6.As early as the 6th century, Irish' fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. B7.Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year. A（十一）Computer Mouse（电脑鼠标）1.Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. B2.Accroding to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. C3.The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. A4.The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A5.When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. B6.The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. C7.The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. A（十二）Study Helps Predict big Mediterranean Quake（科学家研究预测地中海地区大地震）1.The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists. A2.It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. B3.Radiocatbon dating techniques can bi used to identify the age of the earth. C4.Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100. A5.Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A6.Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD365. B7.The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world. C三、概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours sleep too Much ofa Good Thing课文：1、AIthough…..consequences.2、Investigators…..sleepers.3、These…..This4、Previous….more5、For……functioning6、Kripke……he said练习：1、paragraph 2 （sleep…sleepers）【E】2、paragraph 4 (Dangers…of sleep)【B】3、paragraph 5 (Kripke’s….T ool)【A】4、paragraph 6 (A Way…..Insomnia)【D】5、T o…need to (sleep..than 8 hours)【F】6、Long..likely to (suffer….problems)【E】7、One…..unable to (fall….again) 【A】8、One….of dying (sleep…7hours) 【C】第二篇Soot and soow:a Hot Combination 课文：1、New….past century.2、Soot….sunlight.3、Soot…..New Y ork4、Hansen……and land.5、“Black”….Hansen noted.6、Hansen…..of is century.7、The…sunlight.练习：1、paragraph 3 （Explanation…soot）【C】2、paragraph 4 (Soot’s..Atmosphere)【A】3、paragraph 6(Greenhouse…Warming)【F】4、paragraph 7 (Observations..Hemisphere)【B】5、In…Soot (Contributed..warming)【B】6、Hansen..gases ( still…century)【E】7、Black…..ice (absorb….backgound) 【D】8、A soot….which (produces…magnitude)【A】第三篇Icy Microbes课文：1、In ice…of ice2、A research..to life3、Doran…..on Mars4、Called….seawater.5、That….bacteria6、The…..covering练习：1、paragraph 2 （Antarctic…revived）【E】2、paragraph 3 (Significance…sheet)【A】3、paragraph 4(Accidental….Antarctica)【F】4、paragraph 6 (2004…Specimens)【D】5、Scientists…of ice ( Was of value)【B】6、Scientists ice sheet (may…..of ice)【C】7、What the…in 2004 (is to…analysis) 【E】8、The….lake Vida (is found seawater) 【A】第四篇Compact Disks课文：1、If……wide2、A small…as music3、Digital………codes4、There…CD-ROMs5、CDs….of them6、Science….CD-ROMs练习：1、Paragraphs 1＆2 (CDs..Explained)【D】2、Paragraphs 3 (Digital..Applications)【A】3、Paragraphs 4 (CDs..Formats) 【F】4、Paragraphs 5 (CDs…durable) 【C】5、One…disks (be..on) 【E】6、The...record-ing (take…years) 【B】7、The….CD Player (be ….parts) 【C】8、Space……codes (keep….efficiently)【F】第五篇LED Lighting课文：1、An…lighting2、Michael….of atoms3、When….white glow4、Then…..bulb5、LEDs……to break6、Quantum….a fork练习：1、Paragraphs 1(LED…Lighting) 【B】2、Paragraphs 3 (Bowers…Discovery)【E】3、Paragraphs 5 (LED..Advantages)【D】4、Paragraphs 6 (Almost…Futur) 【C】5、Unlike…so (it is..efficient) 【F】6、Edison’s..because (traditional..dear)【A】7、Something…when (a…dots) 【B】8、Over…2025 if (America…LEDs)【C】第六篇How W e Form First Impression课文：1、We ……..traits2、The……..mean3、If you……wrong4、When…..or freaks5、However……..hunane练习：1、Paragraphs 2(Comparing…Memories)【D】2、Paragraphs 3 (Illustration…Impression)【C】3、Paragraphs 4 (Comment…Impression)【B】4、Paragraphs 5 (Ways…Impressions)【A】5、Sensory….Through(The…Through)【E】6、Y ou…brain(rmation)【D】7、The…to(The..child) 【C】8、We…to (The…cortex) 【B】第七篇：Screen Test1. Every year 。
2012职称英语综合类教材新增内容阅读理解篇
2012职称英语综合类教材新增内容：阅读理解篇第一篇 Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'bæk,drɔp/ n. 背景interchangeable /intə 'tʃendʒəbl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明•富兰克林和海伦•凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2012年职称英语教材新增内容
词汇选项题量不变 ,一共 10 组词汇 ,每组 15 道小题没有新增阅读判断新增两篇归纳粗心与达成句子新增两篇2012 年教材新增文章(一阅读判断1.第七篇 :Moderate Earthquake Strikes England2.* 第十一篇 :Computer Mouse(二归纳粗心与达成句子1.第六篇 :How We Form First Impression2.第十篇 :Washoe Learned American SignLanguage (三阅读理解(三阅读理解1.第一篇 :Telling Tales about People叙述对于人们的故事2.第八篇 :The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇 :A Letter from Alan 艾伦的来信4.第十一篇 :The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇 :The Sahara撒哈拉荒漠6.* 第十七篇 :Eiffel Is an Eyeful(2011 年教材中为 C 级文章惹人注视的埃菲尔铁塔7.* 第十八篇 :Goal of American Education(2011 年教材中为 C 级文章美国教育的目标8.* 第十九篇 :The Family 家庭9.* 第二十篇 :Tales of the Terrible Past叙述可怕的过去10.*第二十一篇 :Spacing in Animals(2011 年教材中为 C 级文章动物的空间距离11.* 第二十二篇 :Some Things We Know about Language(2011年教材中为 C 级文章我们知道的对于语言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇 :The Only Way Is Up(2011 年教材中为 C 级文章只能向上13.*第二十四篇 :Clone Farm(2011年教材中为 C 级文章克隆农场14.*第二十五篇 :Income (2011 年教材中为 C 级文章收入15.*第二十六篇 :Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久从前的世界16.*第二十七篇 :Importance of Services(2011年教材中为 C 级文章服务业的重要性 17.* 第二十八篇 :The National Park Service(2011年教材中为 C 级文章国家公园的服务机构18.*第二十九篇 :Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends(2011年教材中为 C 级文章发现自己变胖了 ?这得责备朋友们19.*第三十篇 :"Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead幸“运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇 :Oseola McCarty老太婆 Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇 :To Have and Have Not流亡22.+第三十五篇 :Going Her Own Way 选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇 :A Tale of Scottish Rural Life(2011 年教材中为 B 级文章一个关于苏格兰农村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇 :Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇 :Why So Many Children 为何有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇 :Eat to Live(2011 年教材中为 B 级文章为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇 :Narrow Escape(2011年教材中为 B 级文章美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇 :Narrow Escape九死一世(四补全短文1. 第九篇 :Heat Is Killer2.* 第十一篇 :Virtual Driver(五完形填空1.第一篇 :A Life with Birds2.第二篇 :S Lucky Break3.第三篇 :Global Warming4.第四篇 :A Success Story5.第五篇 :Traffic in Our Cities6*. 第六篇 :Teaching and Learning7.* 第七篇 :The Difference between Man and Computer8.* 第八篇 :Look on The Bright Side9.* 第九篇 :The First Bicycle10.*第十篇 :Working Mothers11.+第十一篇 :School Lunch12.+第十二篇 :A Powerful Influence13.+第十三篇 :The Old Gate14.+第十四篇 :Family History15.+第十五篇 :Helen and Martin温馨提示 :每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率特别大,是考试复习的要点 !。
2012年职称英语理工新增内容
第六篇 Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control whenyou wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. Theclock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resetsitself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night. 练习：1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseA it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.B it has a cycle of 24 hours.C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?A Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatA it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.D Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?A The human eye had two light-sensing systems.B The human eye had one light-sensing system.C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.Graphene's Superstrength1Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smallerevery year，which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside. Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components，and they've turned their eyes to graphene，a superthin2 material，made of carbon，that could change the future of electronics.This year's Nobel Prize for Physics3 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselovfrom the University of Manchester4，UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isn't just small,it's“the thinnest possible material in this worl d，” says Novoselov. He calls it a“wondermaterial. ”It's so thin that you would need to stack about 25,000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers5，you'd have no idea because you wouldn't be able to see it.Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of life contains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon，but only one atomthick. You don't have to lookfar to find grapheme —it's all around you.If you want this high-tech wonderstuff6，all you need is a pencil，paper and a little adhesivetape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesivetape over the area7. When you pull up the tape，you'll see that it pulls up a thin layer of some ofthe shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite，one of the softest minerals in the world.Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up —there should be an even thinner layer，this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over，until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick，and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene，so when you get to the thinnest possible layer，you've found graphene.练习：1 .What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?A Big technology.B Creative ways.C Graphene.D Both A and B.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?A It can be used to make paper.B It is possible to see it with our naked eye.C It is easy to find graphene.D It is possibly the thickest material in the world.3. Which of the following can be used to replace the w ord “apply”in paragraph 4?A request.B polish.C use.D put.4. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?A Graphene is made of graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.B Graphite is made of layers of graphene，the thinnest material in the world.C When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite，we find graphene.D With a pencil，a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape，we can find graphene.5. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact thatA It is the thinnest material in the world.B It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.C It can help to make electronic components smaller.D It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic完形填空第三篇 Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we c all “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it练习:1. A coins B money C cheques D loans2. A different B clean C hard D foreign3. A anniversary B year C decade D century4. A along B with C within D outside5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed7. A because B though C when D where8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper9. A languages B colors C substances D materials10. A family B team C advisor D boss11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely13. A dirt B water C germs D oil14. A compare B connect C conduct D command15. A arms B hands C face D clothes第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries． 1 accordingto a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 ．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me 3 ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi,a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some peoplein each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food． 9 ,the researchers had participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing abouta comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then servesas a reminder of those close others．"In 12 essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15 with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．练习：1．A but B if C though D while2．A personality B movement C emotions D will3．A privately B usefully C awfully D personally4．A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up5．A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying6．A with B on C by D at7.A professors B participants C assistants D scientists8．A group B class C section D part9．A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally10．A remember B explain C rewrite D complete11．A sad B secure C shy D angry12．A your B our C his D their13．A accident B harm C experience D model14．A eating B exchanging C buying D keepingl 5．A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections。
2012年职称英语综合类C级新增文章(必考)
按经验考试会出1-2道原题，但问题可能会变，所以要理解原文2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解目录其中1-5为C级1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇：The Sahara撒哈拉沙漠第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事One of the most common types of nonfiction,and one that many people enjoy reading,is stories about people's lives.These stories fall into three general categories:autobiography,memoir,and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself.Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present.Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves.However,they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies.1Other writers,such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives.These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs,strictly speaking,are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author.2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives.They describe them in detail and discuss their importance.Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography.A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life.In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write.Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them.But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible.Then they have to decide which facts to include.Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical.A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一，就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。
职称英语专家剖析2012年教材新增文章
一、2012年教材新增文章总览1、2012年新增文章预览2、2011年文章替换掉的文章阅读理解被替换掉的文章综合类阅读理解第一篇Eat Healthy第八篇The State of Marriage Today第十篇New York—the Melting Pot第十一篇Late-night Drinking第十六篇Driven to Distraction*第十九篇Taxi Riding*第二十篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories*第二十六篇Forecasting Methods*第三十篇Wikipedia Imposes New Curbs On Editing Articles *第三十三篇A Ride in a Cable-car+第三十四篇Career With a Uniform+第三十五篇Dorm Food More Comfy+第三十七篇Who Wants to Live Forever?+第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People+第四十七篇Spoilt for Choice理工类阅读理解第六篇Weaving with Light第十九篇Prolonging Human Life*第三十八篇Longer Lives for Wild Elephants*第四十篇Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific+第四十五篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others+第四十六篇Marvelous Metamaterials卫生类阅读理解第八篇Attitudes to AIDS Now*第十九篇Adaptation of Living ings*第二十四篇Preventing Child Maltreatment+第三十四篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance+第四十篇 Thirsty in Karachi卫生类完形填空第二篇Influenza【流行性感冒】*第八篇Food Safety and Foodborne Illness【食品安全与食源性疾病】+第十二篇Pandemic H1N1 2009【2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行】+第十四篇 Homosexuals【同性恋者】+第十五篇 Is Your Child’s Stomach Pain All in His Head?【你的孩子肚疼是他想象出来的吗？】理工类完形填空第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?【宇宙中哪种气体温度最低】第十篇Less I More【更少是更多】*第十一篇China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival【中国帮助欧洲发展全球定位系统的竞争】*第十二篇Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens【吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪】+第十三篇Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out【手机泄露了你的秘密】+第十五篇 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores【运动的年轻人智商更高】二、2012年综合类教材新增文章变化分析今年综合类教材文章整体呈现一个大洗牌的趋势，阅读理解新增15篇文章，完形填空替换全部的15篇文章，此外阅读判断，概括大意和完成句子，补全短文也相应的各新增两篇文章。
外语职称考试新增内容
外语职称考试新增内容词汇选项题量不变，一共10组词汇，每组15道小题没有新增阅读判断没有新增概括大意与完成句子没有新增2012版职称英语理工类教材阅读理解一共新增6篇文章，其中理工C新增阅读两篇：第六篇Making Light of Sleep第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength理工B新增阅读两篇：第三十八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety理工C复习范围：阅读第1-30篇理工B复习范围：阅读第1-40篇2012版职称英语理工类教材完型填空一共新增6篇文章，其中理工C完型新增2篇第三篇Germs on Banknotes第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness理工B完型新增2篇笫十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities和第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk理工C复习范围：完型第1-10篇理工B复习范围：完型第1-12篇【理工类教材阅读理解篇目录】第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Weaving with Light（2011理工C阅读真题）---2012版教材改为Making Lightof Sleep第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇 Invisibility Ring第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇 Thirst for Oil第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life ---2012版教材改为Graphene's Superstrength第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep ；第二十一篇 Plant Gas第二十二篇 Snowflakes第二十三篇 Powering a City It's a Breeze.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires — a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇 Eat to Live第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇 Food Fright第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste*第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to Work*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants（2011理工B阅读真题）---2012版教材改为"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第三十九篇 Clone Farm*第四十篇 Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific ---2012版教材改为Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety【理工类教材完形填空篇目录】第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety ,第三篇 What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe（2011理工C完形真题）---2012版教材改为Germs on Banknotes第四篇 Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇 Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇 An Intelligent Car第八篇 A Biological Clock笫九篇 Wonder Webs第十篇 Less Is More ---2012版教材改为Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*笫十一篇 China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival ---2012版教材改为ClimateChange Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens（2011理工B完形真题）---2012版教材改为Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize HeartRisk第三篇 Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but thesecountries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 . Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found onmoney 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar,for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countriesmay use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made fromcotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed onpolymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar andsome Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewergerms lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 havea harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do morestudies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills. Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs Weshould wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where yourmoney 's been. Or what's living on it词汇：pesos/pi:səvs/ n ．比索bacterium /kæk'tiəriəm/ n ．细菌（单数）germ/dʒə:m/ n．病菌bacteria /bæktiəriə／细菌（复数）banknote/bæŋknəvt/ n．纸币 centimeter/senti,mi:tə。
2012年职称英语等级考试理工类完型填空新增文章
2012年职称英语等级考试理工类完型填空新增文章（一）考查重点1、词汇题：1）名词——同义词或反义词辨析，拼写和语义相似的名词的辨析，以及词语搭配；2）动词——惯用搭配，时态，虚拟语气；3）形容词——形容词辨析，作定语和表语的形容词，形容词固定搭配，比较级和最高级；4）副词——方式，程度，频度，地点副词等；5）介词——单个介词的使用和词组搭配。
2、固定搭配题：1）名词短语搭配2）动词短语结构3）介词短语搭配4）成语俗语搭配5）篇章衔接搭配3、语法结构题：1）代词（人称，指示）、冠词、介词、连词；2）时态：两时两体+ 将来的各种表达；3）语态：主被动；4）语气：虚拟；5）从句：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句；6）特殊句式：强调句、倒装句、存在句等；7）非限定结构：不定式、分词结构、动名词。
4、语篇题：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含义。
上下文的语意衔接，时空顺序，逻辑连接，观点态度考察。
2）文章内在的逻辑关系。
注意表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词。
常见逻辑关系：并列、递进、列举、补充、让步、转折、条件、对比、结果、原因、目的等。
重点关注（一）词汇辨析1、形近词辨析2、义近词辨析（二）结构辨析1、固定结构辨析2、固定搭配辨析3、平行结构辨析（三）语法辨析1、时态2、语态3、语气4、句法（特殊句型、主谓一致、从句等）（四）利用上下文1、根据上下文选择词汇2、根据上下文选择篇章逻辑关系（五）复指手段1、反复出现的词汇和结构2、代词的指代作用（六）排除技巧应用1、通读全文，抓住大意1) 做题前，至少先花2-3分钟将短文仔细通读一篇，必要时两遍。
2) 初步理清短文在结构、内容等方面的脉络，了解短文的大意和句子与句子之间意思上的联系，理解全文内容。
3) 同时对全文的语言表达方式，比如文章使用的时态、语态、措辞与口气等方面得出大致印象，为顺利找出“语境线索”，作出正确的选择作好准备。
2、初选答案在阅读全篇的基础上，判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、搭配、时态、语态；并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义。
2012年职称英语综合类所有新增文章(含练习解析及译文)
2012年职称英语综合类所有新增文章(含练习解析及译文)D2012年职称英语综合类新增文章（含练习解析及译文）+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。
阅读判断第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England中度地震袭击英国A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.2007年4月28日英格兰东南部地区发生中度地震一些房屋烟囱倒塌，许多居民半夜从睡梦中惊醒。
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写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。
2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。
那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。
然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。
当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。
这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。
3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。
其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。
做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。
4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。
5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。
从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，阅读理解*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星 methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六 acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。
2.the Saturn's moon：指土卫六（Titan) 。
土卫六又称泰坦星，是土星卫星中最大的一颗。
3.NASA：美国国家航空航天局的缩写，全称是： National Aeronautics and Space Administration。
4.spacecraft Cassini：卡西尼号探测器，以出生于意大利的法国天文学家卡西尼的名字命名，其任务是环绕土星飞行，对土星及其大气、光环、卫星和磁场进行深人考察。
1997 年10 月15日，重六吨的“卡西尼”号星际探测器被发射飞往土星的轨道。
这是上世纪发射的最后一艘行星际探测的大飞船。
“卡西尼”号用了将近七年时间，在2004 年7月1日飞达土星轨道。
5.bugs：微生物。
非正式口语表达，所以使用了引号。
6.Kelvin：可翻译成“绝对温度”。
Kelvin Scale ，绝对温标，开氏温标，是由Kelvin 勋爵于19世纪中叶发明的温度计量方法，其零度相当于摄氏一273. 15" C ，被认为是宇宙中最低温度。
这种温度计量方法多为科学家使用。
7.principal investigator：研究项目负责人8.rule out：排除……的可能性练习：1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?A They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.B They have found methane-based life on Saturn.C They have found methane-based life on Titan.D They have found earthlike life on a Saturn's moon.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A There are life clues there.B There is acetylene there.C Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.D Rivers and lakes there contain life formls.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this formof life" refer to?A Water-based life.B Methane-based life.C Liquid-water-based microorganisms.D Gas-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.B Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.C Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable.D Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?A Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.B Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.C Titan,a New Satellite Found.D A different Life Form, a Possibility.答案与题解：1. C 短文的第一段提供了答案。