翻译理论与实践教案

翻译理论与实践

电子教案

专业名称：商务英语专业

课程名称：《翻译理论与实践》

主导教材：冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译) 所属教研室：英语专业教研室

任课教师：

适用年级：商务英语专业本科三年级

Teaching Plan for Translation (1)

#Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation

Week 1

#Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

#Teaching Objectives：

1．Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.

2．Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.

#Key Teaching Points：

1．The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.

2．The difficulties involved in translating process.

#Teaching Contents:

I.Discussion:

●What is translation?

●What is a successful translation?

●What difficulties might occur in translating process?

A.What is translation?

1.Key words:

source language(SL) / receptor language / target language(TL);

reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence

2.Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida):

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the

closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms

of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

3.Classification of translation:

a.Oral interpretation / written translation

b.Human translation / machine translation

c.Literary / scientific / political / commercial translation

d.Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement,

alienation)

e.Literal translation / free translation

B.What is a successful translation?

1.严复：信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)

2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神

似

3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化

4.Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalence

C.What difficulties might occur in translating process?

nguage / Cultural Barriers

Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite

distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the

content is not shared in the two cultures.

→ Betrayal: Loss / Distortion

2.Example analysis:

a.东边日出西边雨，道是无晴．却有晴．。

b.纵一苇

．．之所如，凌万顷之茫然

c.The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as

distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for

holiday.

——整个天空点缀着繁星，快活地眨着眼。天河

．．那么清楚地显现

出来，就好像有人在过节以前用雪把它擦洗过似的

．．．．．．．．．。

d.He made you a highway to my bed;

But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed.

—Romeo and Juliet

译文1：他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁

可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。

译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床；

可怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。

3.In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert

intranslatability into translatability.

e.g. crocodile’s tears; science / democracy

II.The Role of Translator:

The craft of translator is … deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.

— George Steiner 译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。

A.Metaphors for translator:

1. A courier of the human spirits （普希金）

2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting

3. A straitjacketed dancer

4. A musician / an actor

5.Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)

B.Responsibility of translator:

petent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge

2.Being as transparent as possible

3.Being a good negotiator

III.The Development of Translation in China:

翻译史上的三个高峰期：

1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘

2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数

严林－康有为）

3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书