M4Unit2《Sporting_events》grammar 情态动词 很好
Module 4 Unit2 Grammar and Usage的教学设计
Module 4 Unit2 Grammar and Usage-----Modal Verbs教学设计一．教学内容分析本课是牛津高中英语必修教材Modal 4 Unit2 Sporting Events 中的Grammar and Usage(语法与运用)。
本单元的语法项目是情态动词。
情态动词在初中课程中就出现过，情态动词的用法复杂又繁多，比较零散，这些特点都给学生学习情态动词的用法造成一定的困难。
基于以上特点，本课时通过语法规则的讲解与呈现，让学生比较全面系统地掌握情态动词的语法知识。
通过本节课的教学，学生能够首先了解情态动词的基本特征和在句子中表达各种语气的功能，其次，学生能够系统掌握情态动词的基本用法，并在口语和书面表达上能够更加准确、流畅地表达自己。
二．学生学习情况分析情态动词在初中课程中就出现过，学生对于情态动词的基本概念和知识已有一定的基础。
但是，由于情态动词的用法复杂又繁多，在实际教学中教师往往是花费了大量精力时间将情态动词的用法逐个讲解并设计练习题让学生进行操练，学生在依然是一头雾水。
究其原因，主要是学生一味被动地接受并识记教师所教授的情态动词用法，对于情态动词多而杂的用法未进行归纳总结，对于部分情态动词的用法掌握不全面，以致于对于情态动词的用法掌握陷入混乱的状态，就如有位老教师曾经这样一个成语描述学生学习情态动词的状况-----为“情”所困。
三．设计思想首先，“四段式”教学模式的指导思想要使学生“动”起来。
建构主义学习理论认为教学不是通过教师向学生单向传递知识就可以完成的，知识不只是通过教师传授得到的，而是学习者在一定的情境即社会文化背景下，借助其他人（包括教师和学习伙伴）的帮助，利用必要的学习资料，通过“意义建构”的方式而获得的。
教师不能直接将知识传递给学生，而是要组织、引导，使学生参与到整个学习过程中去。
其次，综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用。
牛津译林版高中英语必修四《Unit 2 Sporting events》Grammar 教案1
牛津译林版高中英语必修四Unit 2教案（Grammar）Unit 2 Grammar and usageTeaching Aims:1、Show Ss that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation,certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.2、Enable students to understand that some modal verbs can be used with thecontinuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.Teaching Important Points:1、Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs.2、How to make students master the usage of modal verbs.Teaching Difficult Points:Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs and how to make students master the usage of modal verbs.Teaching Methods:Explanation and exercise高考链接扫荡狂练：完形填空—夹叙夹议33.阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end, all the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. We1the first night we had arrived. We had all gone into the markets of the city2the young people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply3us all—the rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money. . . Walking home,4under a low bridge, we came across5families of homeless people seeking a bit of dry ground to sleep on for the night. We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.The poverty (贫困) was6than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many7and cried. Spending time in this8moves a person to care about humanity.That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had9. Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult10that day’s discoveri es had inspired. Sitting together in a circle as everyone had a chance to speak, we all began to realize that none of us was alone in our struggle to cope with our reactions.Based on my11in poverty-stricken areas, I suggested that while the emotions we had were painful, they could also be important in helping us to move forward. We all12that we had seen things that should never be allowed to happen. 13, what could we do about it? Together, we began to brainstorm ways we could help to ease the14we had seen. As I encouraged group members to focus on what they could do, a sense of determination15the previous sadness. Instead of despair, these young people began to feel a call to action.1. A. put up withB. got back to C. looked back onD. made up for2. A. now thatB. so thatC. as ifD. even if3. A. puzzledB. annoyedC. embarrassedD. shocked4. A. marching B. runningC. passingD. moving5. A. entireB. normalC. averageD. general6. A. strongerB. deeperC. worseD. less7. A. gave upB. broke downC. set offD. held on8. A. environmentB. hotelC. houseD. background9. A. inspectedB. attemptedC. witnessedD. challenged10. A. feelingsB. decisionsC. thoughtsD. impressions11. A. experiencesB. schedulesC. dataD. positions12. A. supposedB. advisedC. confirmedD. agreed13. A. SurelyB. RatherC. NowD. Indeed14. A. burdenB. sufferingC. anxietyD. difficulty15. A. replacedB. changedC. coveredD. improved参考答案33.CBDCA CBACA ADCBA：Teaching Procedures:Step1 Warming upSay some sentences to warm up students:Now, man y of us can speak English quite well, but a few years ago, we couldn’t. Yes or no? If we talk about the ability someone has, we use the modal verb ‘can’.If we want to express that it is necessary for us to do something, what modal verb do we use? mustWhat other modal verbs can you think of?Step3 presentationShow the usage of the modal verbs on the screen.Modal verbscan/could表能力(1) I don’t think he can solve the problem without any help.(2) Can you help me to work out this maths problem?ought to/should1.表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称You should respect your parents.You shouldn’t spend much time surfing the Internet.2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的意思。
牛津译林版高中英语模块4 Unit 2 Sporting events Grammar Modal
Unit 2 Sporting events Grammar Modal verbs 教学设计所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含意．可以表达某种感情和说话的口气，但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。
情态动词有：can(could)，may(might)，must(must)，have to，shall(should)，will (would)，need(need)，dare(dared)，ought to情态动词无人称和数的变化．不能独立使用；它与其后面的动词原形合成谓语。
情态动词的具体用法如下：一、can和could的用法1．表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。
e.g. Can you finish this work tonight？Man cannot live without air．Can I go now？Yes，you can．注：1、could也可表示请求。
语气委婉．主要用于疑问句．不可用于肯定句，答语应用can，即：could不能用于现在时态的简单答语中)。
e.g. Could I come to see you tomorrow？Yes，you can(否认答语可以用No，I’m afraid not)．2、can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。
e.g. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon．can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could)的句子中，be able to可以用在任何时态中can 只说明具备某种能力．但不一定做了，可be able to 不仅具备了某种能力．而且还实际实施了。
2. 表示惊异．疑心，不相信态度。
(主要用在否认旬、疑问句或感慨句中)e.g. Can this be true？How can you be so careless！This cannot be done by him．3、can (could) + have + 过去分词〞的疑问或否认形式表示对过发生的行为疑心或不肯定。
高中英语 Unit2 Sporting events语法讲解 牛津译林版必修4
情态动词C. 情态动词和否定词not连用时的简略形式D. 情态动词的用法语法专练一、单项选择1. You didn’t go to the party yesterday, or I _____ you.A. would seeB. could seeC. might have seenD. might see2. He _____ at the meeting this morning. He was in hospital then.A. can’t have spokenB. mustn’t have spokenC. shouldn’t have spokenD. needn’t have spoken3. He must be in the classroom, _____ he?A. can’tB. mustn’t heC. isn’tD. needn’t4. You _____ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldn’tB. needn’tC. wouldn’tD.mustn’t5. My little son _____ out alone at night.A. dares not goB. dares not to goC. dare not to goD. doesn’t dare to go6. At last he _____ finish the work ahead of time.A. couldB. was able toC. could be able toD. can be able to7. There must be some soldiers hidden in the forest. _____ any behind the church?A. Must there beB. Should there beC. May there beD. Can there be8. If anybody _____ to see me, say that I shall be back soon.A. would be comeB. comesC. cameD. should come9. —Could I have a word with you?—Yes, _____.A. you canB. you couldC. you mustD. you should10. I told him how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for him.A. had to draw a mapB. should have drawn a mapC. ought to draw a mapD. must have drawn a map11. She is late. What _____ have happened to her?A. shouldB. mustC. canD. would12. —We were waiting for you this time yesterday.—Sorry, I _____ you to tell you that I couldn’t come.A. must have calledB. would have been callingC. could have been callingD. should have called13. You _____ swim even faster than he if you practice more.A. mustB. canC. ought toD. have to14. I wonder why it’s so dark. There _____ be a heavy rain coming.A. shallB.mustC. shouldD. will15. They _____ not to make so much noise in the classroom.A. needB. dareC. canD. ought16. You _____ return the bike right now. You can keep it until he wants to use it.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. needn’t17. It’s fine and sunny outside. _____ we go out for a walk?A. MustB. WillC. WouldD. Shall18. The meeting has already begun. You _____ 10 minutes ago.A. should comeB. ought to comeC. must have comeD. ought to have come19. Little Franz wasted a lot of time playing when he _____.A. should studyB. must studyC. should have studiedD. must have studied20. If your group leader is not right, you _____him.A. mustn’t obeyB. don’t have to obeyC. wouldn’t have obeyedD. can’t have obeyedKey:1-5 CACBD 6-10 BDDAB 11-15 CDBBD 16-20DDDCB二、动词填空（用适当的情态动词填空）1. A: There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. B: It _____ have been a comfortable journey.2. A: Jack, you _____ play with fire. You _____ hurt yourself.B: OK, mum.3. A: Will you stay for dinner?B: Sorry, I _____. My mother is waiting for me at home.4. A: My new pencil-box has disappeared.B: Who _____ have taken it?5. A: She looks very sad. You _____ have told her the bad news.B: But I didn’t mean to hurt her.6. A: _____ you succeed!B: Thanks a lot.7. A: A computer _____ think for itself.B: You are right. It _____ be told what to do.8. A: Shall I tell Mary about it?B: No, you _____. I have told her already.9. A: You _____ call him if you want to.B: I _____! He is sure to call me.10.A: I’m told Tom had another car accident this morning.B: I can’t believe it. He _____ have been so careless.Key: 1. couldn’t 2. mustn’t/shouldn’t, may/might/could 3. can’t 4. might/could5. shouldn’t6. May7. can’t, must8. needn’t9. can, needn’t 10. couldn’t三、句子翻译1. Michael should have come to school a little earlier in the morning.2. Barbara may/might have been ill last week.3. They should be here by now.4. He ought to know her telephone number.5. Shall I close the door?6. 这个女孩法语讲得很流利，她肯定在法国待过多年。
高一英语译林版4学案：语法剖析活用Unit2 Sportingevents含解析
语法·剖析·活用情态动词的概念和基本用法情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。
情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语.情态动词常用的几种场合1.谈论“能力"——can，could和be able to。
如：Man cannot live without air。
人没有空气不能活.With Peter's help，finally he was able to find the village。
在彼得的帮助之下，他最终找到了那个村庄.2.谈论“义务，职责"——ought to,should,have to 和must1）以建议的形式提醒对方——ought to,should。
如:You should send her a note.你应该给她留一个条。
You ought to visit your parents more often。
你应该更常去看你的父母.2)一定要做某事——mustCitizens must register in order to vote.为了进行选举，公民们必须登记.3)must表示主观，have to表示客观。
We must help each other.我们一定要互相帮助。
My sister is ill；my mother has to look after her.姐姐病了,妈妈不得不照顾她。
3.谈论“确定”——might,may，could，should,ought to，will 和must。
1)“不确信”时多用might，may和could。
如:I'm not sure whether he will come today。
He may/might be ill today.我不确定他今天是否会来。
他今天可能生病了。
Lots of snow could be dangerous。
高一英语Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting events译林版知识精讲
高一英语Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting events译林版知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Module 4 Unit 2 Sporting events二. 教学目标：Unit 2 Grammar三. 教学过程：modal verbs（一）willI. 表现在经常发生的情况e.g. The man will go to work every day.= The man goes to work every day 后者更常用The door won’t open.=The door isn’t easy to open.II. 表示“决心”“意愿”“可能”等e.g. He’s full of faith and he will beat all his matches.If you will come tonight, he’ll meet you, I think.If he comes tonight, I will call you.This will be the book you are looking for.Will you come in ? (=Will you please come in?)（二）wouldI. 表示will 过去式e.g. He would take a walk after supper when he lived in the country.He said he would help.II. 表示“过去常常……”可以用used to，不过后者常常含有“现在不……”之意。
e.g. When young, he would go out for a trip on Sundays.When young, he used to go out for a trip.注意：would表示“过去常常……”时后面动词须是某种行为或动作，不能是静态动词。
高中英语Unit2SportingeventsPeriodTwoPartⅡGrammar课件牛津译林
—Can I go now? —Yes，you can./No，you can’t. ——我现在可以走了吗？ ——是的，你可以走了。/——不，你不能走。 —Could I use your telephone? —Yes，of course you can. ——我可以用你的电话吗？ ——是的，当然可以。
(5)构成句型：may/might as well do sth.还是做某事的好；不妨去做某事。 Since we’ve got nothing better to do，we might as well go for a walk. 既然我们没什么更好的事情可做，我们不妨去散散步。 3.must (1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须，在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t(禁止，不准)， 而用needn’t，don’t have to(不必)。 Animals must eat to live.为了活下去，动物必须吃东西。 —Must I wash the dishes at once? —Yes，you must./No，you needn’t./No，you don’t have to. ——我得立刻洗这些盘子吗？ ——是的，你必须/不，你不必立刻洗。
I could swim all the way across the lake，but I can’t now. 我原来能游过这个湖，但现在不能了。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 大火很快蔓延了整个旅馆，但是全体人员都脱离了危险。 (2)(表示请求、许可)能够……；可以……，此时可与may互换。在疑问句 中还可用could，might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉。 You can’t park your car in this street. 你不能把车停在这街上。
江苏省高中英语Unit2SportingeventsGrammar教学案.doc
M4U2-Grammar and usage设计思想：通过对情态动词的各种基本功能的解释，帮助学生理解情态的作用，让他们能更好的去理解各种表达的含义，同时配以相对应的练习，来进一步对他们的所学进行检查。
Teaching Aims:1. Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certaintyor permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.2. Help students compare similar modal verbs.3. Enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuousform and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.4.Learn to use modal verbs with exercises.Teaching Important Points:1、Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs.2、How to make students master the usage of modal verbs.Teaching Difficult Points:Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs and how to make studentsmaster the usage of modal verbs.1.The multimedia2.The blackboard【教学环节】Step 1 DictationHave a dictation of the new words, phrases and sentences in the part ofReading text.【课堂导入】Step 2 Lead in: provide some daily life situations and ask students to fillin the blanks using proper modal words1.A: Who ________ it be? (can)B:It _____________ be Tom. (may/might)A: No. It _______ be Tom, because he flew to Shanghai this morning.(can’t) B:OK. It ________ be Jack. He promised me to come here this moment.(must)2.---May I come in?--- Yes, you ______________. (may/can)--- No, you ______________.(mustn’ t)3.---Must I do it now?---Yes, you ________________. (must/have to)--- No, you ________________.(needn ’ t)4. You ________________ eat a lot before swimming.(shouldn ’ t/oughtn ’t to)5. You __________ use this toothbrush. It ’ s mine.(shall not)6. Children ____________ play with cats. They ________ hurt you. (mustn ’ t; may)1.What is a modal verb?2.How many modal verbs do you know? Make a list.3．情态动词两大类用法：不表示推测；表示推测Step 4 Explanation Grammar --- Modal verbs【课堂教与学】1．定义2．特征情态动词有一定词义，但不完全，不能单独作谓语，须和不带to 的动词不特征定式（ ought 等除外）一起构成合成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词表示可能，能力，允诺，命令，愿望，敢于等情态。
中学高中英语unit2sportingeventsgrammarandusage课件
make offers
• I’ll wash your sports jacket. • Shall I get a ticket for you? • Shall we carry the books for you ? • Shall I clean the blackboard for you?
am in trouble.
permission
can / could / may / might
informal / spoken
formal / written
could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉
• —Can I watch the Olympics ?
• —Yes, you can. No, you can’t.
牛津高中英语
(模块四 ·高一下学期)
Unit 2 Sporting events Grammar and usage
Modal verbs
课件描述：
通过对情态动词的介绍来帮助学生学 习掌握情态动词。
Modal verbs: general introduction
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义，但是不完 整，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to的动词不定式 连用。
• —May I watch TV after finishing my homework?
• —Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.
make requests
will / can / could / would
英语：Unit2《Sporting events》情态动词公开课课件(译林牛津版必修4)
Notice:
(1). be able to表示能力 有人称和数的变化 表示能力, 表示能力 有人称和数的变化, 可用于各种时态; 可用于各种时态 (2). can表示客观可能性 常指现在 较常用 表示客观可能性, 表示客观可能性 常指现在, 较常用, 过去式为 “could”; ” 如果只表示能力时 只表示能力时, 如果只表示能力时 can=be able to (3). could仅表示过去具备某种能力 而 仅表示过去具备某种能力, 仅表示过去具备某种能力 was/were able to表示不仅具备而且 表示不仅具备而且 实施了某种能力;更侧重于 更侧重于“ 实施了某种能力 更侧重于“克服一定困难 经过一定努力做成某事” 经过一定努力做成某事” = managed to do sth. = succeeded in doing sth.
Warming-up exercises
can 1. He ____ speak English fluently. (表能力 表能力) 表能力 must 2. You _____ work hard to win the gold medals. (表责任/义务 表责任/ 表责任 义务) 3. ______we do some exercises this Shall morning? (表征求对方意见 表征求对方意见) 表征求对方意见 4. --- Might I watch TV after supper? A ---Yes, you ________. A. may B. must C. might D. could 5. ---May I pick a flower in the garden? ---________. C A. No, you need B. No, please C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t ’ ’
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit2SportingeventsSectionⅣGrammar
(3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然， 竟然”。 Amazing! You should wear slippers at work. 真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。
(2)must 表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定 句。 The book must be the one you want. 这本书一定是你要的那本。 She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
(2)表示请求许可。 当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用 could 语气更委婉。当 表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用 can，而不用 could。 —Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning? —Yes, you can./No.I'm afraid not. ——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？ ——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。 You can go with them if you like. 如果你愿意的话，可以和他们一起去。
—May I smoke here? —No, you mustn't. You'd better not. ——我可以在这里吸烟吗？ ——不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。 (2)表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不 肯定。 He may be at home at the moment. 他现在可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我读完这本书就给他。(允诺) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. 没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心) (3)shall 用于第三人称，表示按照法律、条文或规定必须做的事， 意为“应，必须”。 No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission. 未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。
牛津译林版高中英语必修四《Unit 2 Sporting events》Grammar 教案3
牛津译林版高中英语必修四Module 4 unit2 Grammar and usageA true friend is the best possession. 真诚的朋友是最宝贵的财富。
Learning aims: Master the usage of some common modal verbs;Know how to use them correctly;Develop the sense of cooperation.Step 1: 读一读：（下划线句中情态动词）1．Now, many of us can speak English quite well, but a few years ago, we couldn’t.2．My brother is able to dive under water for 10 minutes.3．You should respect your parents.4．I have to finish the work before 7 o’clock.5．You must work hard to achieve your life goal.6．Shall we carry the books for you?7．You needn’t do that if you don’t want to.8．The little girl dare not go out alone at night.9．Will he pay for me?Step 2: 学一学：体会下列各情态动词的用法一、Can/ could/ be able to1.He can play basketball very well.2.Can I use your pen?3.Could you give me a piece of paper?4．Mary can't be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago．用法总结：can表示1. ____________ 2. ______________ 3. _____________比较下面两个句子，体会can与be able to用法的不同5．My brother can play table tennis.6．My brother is able to dive under water for 10 minutes.表示“能够”之意时，Can 强调____________________________________________________________;be able to 强调_______________________________________________________.选择：＊H e didn’t agree with me at first, but I ______________persuade him.＊She ___________sing when she was young. (was able to; could)二、may/ might1. What is the weather like in Zhuzhou?---It may be sunny.2. What is the weather going to be like in Guang Zhou?---It might have strong wind.3.May I come in?4.May you succeed!用法总结：may/might表示1. ____________ 2. __________ 3. _____________三、must/have to1. You must wear your school uniform.2．You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.3．My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.用法总结：must 表示1.__________________ 2. ____________________Have to 表示______________.当表示“必须”时，must 与have to的区别是：_________________________________________________________________4 . 特别注意：1)You don’t have to tell him about it.You mustn’t tell him about it.mustn’t 意为_____________________ don’t have to 意为______________________2)---Must I finish my homework today?--- Yes, you ______________. / No, you _____________________.四、shall/should1. What shall we do now?2. You shall get a gift from me if you can solve this problem.3. You shall not pass the examination if you don’t work hard.4. Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving.5. You should go to class right away.用法总结：shall 表示1.___________ 2. ____________ 3. __________ 4. ______________ Should 表示________________; 可以用_____________替换。
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Modal verbs: general introduction
一．情态动词的语法特征 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作 或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、 “可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应 当”等之意。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 情态动词不能单独作谓语动词用， 必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动 词。
① can表示本身所具有的能力或潜能， could是其过去式 *我认为没有你的帮助他不能解决这 个问题。 I don't think he can solve the problem without your help. *两年前Rose就能自己烧饭了。 Rose could cook meals for herself two years ago.
肯定 “Yes, sb. must.”; 否定 “No, sb. needn’t.” 或“No, sb. don’t (doesn’t) have to.” *don’t have to = needn’t 没必要 E.g: ---你现在就得回家吗？ ---是的, 我现在就得回家。 不, 我现在不需要回家。 ---Must you go home now? (必须) ---Yes, I must./ No, I needn’t. =I don’t have to.
情态动词+have done can could be able to
情态动词
shall
mustn’t may
will
needn’t might
5. 情态动词+be doing 表示对现在发生事情推测，表现 正在进行的或可能ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ在进行的动作。
The boy may be playing football on the play ground.
He can’t be doing his homework upstairs.
5. 情态动词+have done表示对已经发生事情推测、 责怪、后悔、遗憾等。
must have done 过去一定做过某事 can’t have done 过去不可能做过某事 should ( ought to ) have done 过去本该做某事却没做 shouldn’t ( ought not to ) have done 过去本不该做某事却做了
shall/ will
陈述句中，shall表达诺言;
will表示决心或决定
1) Take it easy. You shall be offered
a job in this company.
2) Mike will spare no effort to study.
Tip:shall用于二、三人称陈述句中表示意图、决心、 命令、警告、允诺、强制等,在法律法规等文件中
mustn’t 表示“不准、禁止”
*你们不准在学校吸烟。 You mustn’t smoke at school. ⑤must有时表示“偏要”,含“责备,抱怨” 之意 (1)我已经跟你讲过很多遍了, 为什么你偏要 在课堂上讲话呢？ I have told you many times. Why must you talk in class ____________________________ ? (2)现在已是午夜了, 你偏要这个时候弹 钢琴吗？ It is midnight. _________________________? Must you play the piano now
mustn’t needn’t
mustn’t “禁止, 不许”语气强烈
needn’t “不需要, 没有必要” 语
气较为缓和
1). You mustn’t miss the speech
tomorrow. It’s of great importance.
②在疑问句中“must”表示“必须”的回答 形式
②can和could还可用于表示对事情可能性的 推测(常用于否, 疑句中) *据说我们下周要进行期中考试, 这消息是真的吗？ It’s said that we will have the mid-term exam next week. Can the news be true? *他不可能去了国外，因为我刚刚在他的 办公室遇见他。 He can't have gone abroad, because I met him in his office just now. 现在: could/can’t be 过去: can’t/couldn’t have done
Modal verbs: general introduction
二．情态动词的语法功能
We can use modal verbs to talk about:
ability obligation certainty
能力
义务, 责任 确定
permission 允许
make requests 提出请求 make suggestions 提出建议 make 提供帮忙 offers give 提出忠告 advice
5. 情态动词+have done表示对已经发生事情推测、 责怪、后悔、遗憾等。
needn’t have done 过去没有必要做某事而实际上却做了 could have done 过去本可以做某事却没做 may / might have done 过去可能已经做了某事
1. 情态动词can, could和be able to的用法
表示义务或规定,可译为“必须,应该,可以”等。
2. 疑问句中， shall常用亍第一,三人称,表示 征求对方意见,will 用亍第二、三人称。 Shall he clean the blackboard for you? Will he join us?
Shall we/I /he/they …? Will you/he/she…? 译为：…..好吗？
Notice:
(1). be able to表示能力, 有人称和数的变化, 可用于各种时态; (2). can表示客观可能性, 常指现在, 较常用, 过去式为 “could”; 如果只表示能力时, can=be able to (3). can could仅表示具备某种能力, 而 be able to 侧重结果;更侧重于“克服一定困 难, 经过一定努力做成某事” = managed to do sth. = succeeded in doing sth.
三．常见情态动词的基本用法
1. can could be able to 2. shall 3. must have to might
情态动词
4. may
5. need dare 6. ought to should
7. will would 8. 情态动词+have done
The usage of some common modal verbs
③在肯定句中, can还可表示“有时会,往往会” *吸烟往往会导致癌症。 Smoking can cause cancer. *It can be very cold here in winter. 这的冬天有时会很冷。 ④过去式could常用于疑问句中, 比can更加委 婉, 表示礼貌。肯定回答时, 常用原形can或 者may, 不可再用过去式could。 E.g: ---Could I use your pen? (语气委婉) ---Yes, you can. No, you can’t /mustn’t.
E.g: * He was able to swim across the river before the ship sank.
【Practice】 *He managed to get the radio repaired without any help. was able to get succeeded in getting =He ______________/________________ the radio repaired without any help.
Unit 2 Sports events
Modal verbs
Warming-up exercises
can 1. He ____ speak English fluently. (表能力) must 2. You _____ work hard to win the gold medals. (表责任/义务) 3. ______we do some exercises this Shall morning? (表征求对方意见) 4. --- Might I watch TV after supper? A ---Yes, you ________. A. may B. must C. might D. could 5. ---May I pick a flower in the garden? ---________. C A. No, you need B. No, please C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t