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sci投稿中的research data范文

sci投稿中的research data范文摘要：一、引言1.研究数据在SCI投稿中的重要性2.研究数据规范化的必要性二、研究数据规范化方法1.数据采集与处理规范2.数据存储与共享规范3.数据引用与注释规范三、研究数据范文分析1.数据整理与展示2.数据处理方法与说明3.数据来源与引用四、如何提高研究数据的可读性与实用性1.数据可视化技巧2.数据解释与阐述方法3.数据与实际应用结合五、结论1.研究数据规范化对SCI投稿的意义2.高质量研究数据的重要性正文：一、引言在当今科学研究领域，SCI（Science Citation Index，科学引文索引）投稿被视为衡量学术成果的重要标准。

研究数据作为科研工作的基础和核心，其在投稿过程中的规范化日益受到广泛关注。

本文将从研究数据的重要性、规范化必要性等方面展开讨论，以期为广大科研工作者提供有益的参考。

二、研究数据规范化方法1.数据采集与处理规范：在数据采集过程中，应确保数据的准确性和完整性。

对于实验数据，要遵循实验设计原则，确保实验方案的科学性；对于文献数据，要充分挖掘可靠来源，确保数据的真实性。

数据处理方面，要关注数据清洗、数据转换等环节，保证数据的一致性和规范性。

2.数据存储与共享规范：数据存储应选择稳定可靠的数据存储平台，以便于长期保存和检索。

同时，遵循数据共享原则，推动科学数据的传播与利用。

数据共享可以通过建立数据库、发布数据包、提供API接口等方式实现。

3.数据引用与注释规范：在投稿中，要对所使用的数据进行明确标注，包括数据来源、数据作者、数据发布日期等。

此外，还需遵循数据引用规范，如采用DOI（Digital Object Identifier，数字对象标识符）等方式，以便于数据的追溯和引用。

三、研究数据范文分析1.数据整理与展示：在投稿中，要对数据进行系统整理，按照时间、地点、实验类型等因素进行分类。

数据展示方面，可以使用表格、图表、图像等形式，清晰地呈现数据分布、趋势和特征。

科技论文的阅读方法

科技论⽂的阅读⽅法reading a scientific paper科技论⽂的阅读⽅法虽然这是很有诱惑⼒的直读通过，你会做最⽂本⽂件，它是更有效的组织⽅式读取。

Generally, you first read the Abstract in order to understand the major points of the work.⼀般来说，您先阅读摘要，以了解⼯作的重点。

The extent of background assumed by different authors, and allowed by the journal, also varies as just discussed.对承担不同的作者，并允许该杂志的背景程度上也各不相同刚才讨论。

One extremely useful habit in reading a paper is to read the Title and the Abstract and, before going on, review in your mind what you know about the topic.⼀个⾮常有⽤的阅读习惯是阅读⽂件的标题和摘要，并在去之前，在你的头脑回顾⼀下你知道的话题。

This serves several purposes.这可以有以下⼏个⽬的。

First, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper.⾸先，它澄清了，其实你知道⾜够的背景欣赏纸张。

If not, you might choose to read the background in a review or textbook, as appropriate.如果没有，你可以选择读审查或教科书的背景下，适当。

Second, it refreshes your memory about the topic.第⼆，刷新你的记忆的话题。

写一篇我的论文的作文英文

写一篇我的论文的作文英文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!My Thesis。

I have been working tirelessly on my thesis for thepast few months, and I must say, it has been quite a journey. The amount of research I had to do was overwhelming at times, but it was also incredibly rewarding.I delved into various academic papers, scoured the internet for relevant information, and even conducted interviewswith experts in the field. It was a rollercoaster ride of emotions, from moments of frustration to instances of sheer excitement when I stumbled upon a groundbreaking study.One of the challenges I faced during this process was organizing my thoughts and ideas. There were so manydifferent angles I could approach the topic from, and itwas difficult to decide which ones to include in my thesis. However, after much contemplation, I managed to narrow down my focus and create a coherent structure for my paper. It was like putting together a puzzle, where each piece had tofit perfectly to create a comprehensive picture.Writing the actual content of my thesis was another hurdle I had to overcome. I wanted to ensure that my writing was clear, concise, and engaging. I didn't want it to be a dry and monotonous piece of academic literature that would put readers to sleep. Instead, I aimed to make it accessible to a wider audience, incorporating anecdotes and real-life examples to illustrate my points. It was important for me to strike a balance between being informative and entertaining.Throughout the writing process, I found myself constantly revising and editing my work. It's amazing how many times I could read a sentence and still find room for improvement. I wanted every word to be carefully chosen, every sentence to flow seamlessly into the next. It was a meticulous process, but it was necessary to ensure the quality of my thesis.Finally, after countless hours of hard work, I submitted my thesis. It was a moment of relief andaccomplishment, knowing that I had poured my heart and soul into this piece of work. I couldn't help but feel a senseof pride in what I had achieved.In conclusion, writing my thesis has been a challenging yet fulfilling experience. It has tested my research skills, organization abilities, and writing prowess. But above all, it has taught me the importance of perseverance and determination. I am grateful for the opportunity to delve into a topic I am passionate about and contribute to the existing body of knowledge. It may have been a long and arduous journey, but it was definitely worth it.。

雅思作文议论文说明文万能模板

雅思作文议论文说明文万能模板英文回答：Introduction。

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a standardized English language proficiency test for non-native English speakers. It is designed to assess the ability of test takers to listen, read, write, and speak in English so that they can successfully study or migrate to a country where English is the native language.The IELTS essay section is one of the most important parts of the test. It is divided into two tasks: Task 1 and Task 2. Task 1 requires test takers to write a short report describing a graph, table, or chart. Task 2 requires test takers to write an essay in response to a given prompt.The IELTS essay marking criteria are based on four main factors: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, lexicalresource, and grammatical range and accuracy. In order to achieve a high score on the IELTS essay, test takers must demonstrate their ability to fulfill all four of these criteria.Task 1: Report Writing。

电大计算机科学与技术专业毕业论文--图书信息管理系统的设计与实现---副本

图书信息管理系统的设计与实现摘要随着信息技术在管理技术上越来越深入而广泛的应用，管理信息系统的实施在技术上已逐步成熟。

管理信息系统是一个不断发展的新型科学，任何一个单位要生存要发展,要高效率的把内部活动有机的组织起来,就必须建立与自身特点相适应的管理信息系统.资料管理系统是典型的信息管理系统,其主要开发包括后台数据库的建立和维护，以及前端应用程序的开发两个方面.对于前者要求建立起数据库一致性和完整性强，数据库安全性好的库。

后者则要求应用程序功能完备，易于使用等特点。

因此,本人结合资料管理系统的要求,对易语言数据管理系统，易语言原理,易语言数据库技术进行了较深入的学习和应用。

主要完成对资料管理系统的要求分析、功能模块划分，并由此设计了数据库结构和应用程序。

系统运行结果证明，本人设计的资料管理系统可满足借阅者、资料管理工作人员和高级管理三方面的要求.系统开发采用大连飞扬软件工作室编写的易语言，它是一种全中文全可视化电脑程序编写语言。

它的诞生结束了外国编程语言长期垄断中国市场的局面，使中国人终于可以使用自己的母语来编写各种实用电脑程序。

利用易语言强大的可视化界面功能以及对数据库的支持，先构造一个模型,逐步增加功能,最终满足需求，本系统界面友好，功能较强。

不足的地方是当数据库访问量大时，将导致性能的下降，且不利于数据库有效共享,在以后改进中应考虑ＳＱＬ SERVER作为数据库，解决访问速度及数据共享的问题。

该系统力求易于使用，具有较高的扩展性和可维护性.关键字：关系数据库易语言资料管理系统系统开发信息系统SummaryAlong with information technique more and more thorough but extensive application in managing a technique, management information the implement of the system is on the technique already gradually mature.Managing the information system is a new science which develops continuously，the whichever unit wants to exist to want a development，high—efficiency of organize organically the internal activity, have to build up adapting with oneself characteristics mutually of management information system。

刘爱兰论文从林纾的诗看其翻译哲学readdata

从林纾诗歌看其翻译哲学摘要：人生就是一首诗，追寻林纾先生诗歌的脚步，我们试着去探讨这位中国近代翻译大师在翻译上所体现的翻译哲学。

一个翻译家的人生哲学从某种意义上决定他在翻译中所遵循的翻译哲学。

林纾的诗歌中体现了一个传统中国文人在那个动荡变幻历史中的人生哲学，而他的人生哲学在他的翻译实践中得到了很好地诠释。

从《块肉余生述》、《巴黎茶花女遗事》、《黑奴吁天录.序》到《英孝子火山报仇录》，不管是从“原是拉车的前进的好生手”到后来讥讽为“拉车屁股向后”①（鲁迅：《趋时与复古》。

《鲁迅全集》，人民文学出版社，1981年版，第五卷，第535-536页）的人物，林纾的翻译实践体现了他诗歌中所倡导的人类基本伦理价值的普世性原则。

这也许就是19世纪德国诗人在翻译中所倡导的“纯真语言”即人类不同语言所共有的东西。

在林纾的自寿诗中我们更是看到了这种蕴含在这些人类伦理价值后面的人性的力量，而这人性的力量在他的翻译实践中得到了很好阐释。

关键词：诗歌，翻译，翻译哲学，伦理价值翻译大师林纾喜好写自寿诗，透过其诗歌我们可洞察到林纾作为一个中国近现代的知识分子在那激荡变动年代里所经历的跌宕起伏的人生情感历程。

人类的历史，是一个过于沉重的负担，特别是中国近现代的文化史，就更不是哪一个知识分子或哪一类个知识分子所能够独立承担的。

一个有几千年文化传统的国家，突然遇到了另一种强势文化的狙击，必须应对，必须有新的变化。

但是，如何应对，如果变化，谁都是拿不准的。

林纾就是在这样的历史背景下进入了翻译世界。

林纾的翻译作品的成功固然与他高超的桐城派古文有关，然而他的翻译作品之所以可达到动人心魄的境界而因却是为他在作品中投入的情感力量。

从张俊才所著《林纾评传》中我们看到了林纾不平常的人生情感历程：从林纾自己“世出寒微”的少年到他后来描述《块肉余生述》中对大卫·考波菲尔童年凄惨境遇所流露的戚戚相惜之情；从中年丧妻到翻译《巴黎茶花女遗事》在石鼓山船上的“掷笔哭者三数”；从《马关条约》国耻后的第一部诗集《闽中新乐府》到翻译《黑奴吁天录》时的“且泣且译，且译且泣”；从母亲去世后60天的哭祭到刻意在英国作家哈葛德的《蒙特马祖的女儿》标题中加入“孝子”二字，而新撰为《英孝子火山报仇录》。

数字温度传感器毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献[管理资料]

毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献外文资料DS1722 Digital ThermometerWith scientific and technological progress and development of the types of temperature sensors increasingly wide range of application of the increasingly widespread, and the beginning analog toward digital, single-bus, dual-bus and bus-3 direction. And the number of temperature sensors because they apply to all microprocessor interface consisting of automatic temperature control system simulation can be overcome sensor and microprocessor interface need signal conditioning circuit and A / D converters advant ages of the drawbacks, has been widely used in industrial control, electronic transducers, medical equipment and other temperature control system. Among them, which are more representative of a digital temperature sensor DS18B20, MAX6575, the DS1722, MAX6636 other. This paper introduces the DS1722 digital temperature sensor characteristics, the use of the method and its timing. Internal structure and other relevant content.FEATURES:Temperature measurements require no external components;Measures temperatures from -55°C to +120°C. Fahrenheit equivalent is -67°F to +248°F;Thermometer accuracy is ±°C;Thermometer resolution is configurable from 8 to 12 bits (°C to °C resolution);Data is read from/written to via a Motorola Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or standard 3-wire serial interface;Wide analog power supply range ( - );Separate digital supply allows for logic;Available in an 8-pin SOIC (150 mil), 8-pin USOP, and flip chip package;PIN ASSIGNMENTFIGURE 1 PIN ASSIGNMENTPIN DESCRIPTION:SERMODE - Serial Interface Mode.CE - Chip Enable.SCLK - Serial Clock.GND – Ground.VDDA - Analog Supply Voltage.SDO - Serial Data Out.SDI - Serial Data In.VDDD - Digital Supply Voltage.DESCRIPTION:The DS1722 Digital Thermometer and Thermostat with SPI/3-Wire Interface provides temperature readings which indicate the temperature of the device. No additional components are required; the device is truly a temperature-to-digital converter. Temperature readings are communicated from the DS1722 over a Motorola SPI interface or a standard 3-wire serial interface. The choice of interface standard is selectable by the user. For applications that require greater temperature resolution, the user can adjust the readout resolution from 8 to 12 bits. This is particularly useful in applications where thermal runaway conditions must be detected quickly.For application flexibility, the DS1722 features a wide analog supply rail of - . A separate digital supply allows a range of to . The DS1722 is available in an 8-pin SOIC (150-mil), 8-pin USOP, and flip chip package.Applications for the DS1722 include personal computers/servers/workstations, cellular telephones, office equipment, or any thermally-sensitive system.OVERVIEW:A block diagram of the DS1722 is shown in Figure 2. The DS1722 consists offour major components:1. Precision temperature sensor.2. Analog-to-digital converter.3. SPI/3-wire interface electronics.4. Data registers.The factory-calibrated temperature sensor requires no external components. The DS1722 is in a power conserving shutdown state upon power-up. After power-up, the user may alter the configuration register to place the device in a continuous temperature conversion mode or in a one-shot conversion mode. In the continuous conversion mode, the DS1722 continuously converts the temperature and stores the result in the temperature register. As conversions are performed in the background, reading the temperature register does not affect the conversion in progress. In the one-shot temperature conversion mode, the DS1722 will perform one temperature conversion, store the result in the temperature register, and then eturn to the shutdown state. This conversion mode is ideal for power sensitive applications. More information on the configuration register is contained in the “OPERATION-Programming”section. The temperature conversion results will have a default resolution of 9 bits. In applications where small incremental temperature changes are critical, the user can change the conversion resolution from 9 bits to 8, 10, 11, or 12. This is accomplished by programming the configuration register. Each additional bit of resolution approximately doubles the conversion time. The DS1722 can communicate using either a Motorola Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or standard 3-wire interface. The user can select either communication standard through the SERMODE pin, tying it to VDDD for SPI and to ground for 3-wire. The device contains both an analog supply voltage and a digital supply voltage (VDDA and VDDD, respectively). The analog supply powers the device for operation while the digital supply provides the top rails for the digital inputs and outputs. The DS1722 was designed to be Logic-Ready.DS1722 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 2OPERATION-Measuring Temperature:The core of DS1722 functionality is its direct-to-digital temperature sensor. The DS1722 measures temperature through the use of an on-chip temperature measurement technique with an operating range from -55°to +120°C. The device powers up in a power-conserving shutdown mode. After power-up, the DS1722 may be placed in a continuous conversion mode or in a one-shot conversion mode. In the continuous conversion mode, the device continuously computes the temperature and stores the most recent result in the temperature register at addresses 01h (LSB) and 02h (MSB). In the one-shot conversion mode, the DS1722 performs one temperature conversion and then returns to the shutdown mode, storing temperature in the temperature register. Details on how to change the setting after power up are contained in the “OPERATION-Programming”section. The resolution of the temperature conversion is configurable (8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits), with 9-bit readings the default state. This equates to a temperature resolution of °C, °C, °C, °C, or °C. Following each conversion, thermal data is stored in the thermometer register in two’s complement format; the information can be retrieved over the SPI or 3-wire interface with the address set to the temperature register, 01h (LSB) and then 02h (MSB). Table 2 describesthe exact relationship of output data to measured temperature. The table assumes the DS1722 is configured for 12-bit resolution; if the evince is configured in a lower resolution mode, those bits will contain 0s. The data is transmitted serially over the digital interface, MSB first for SPI communication and LSB first for 3-wire communication. The MSB of the temperature register contains the “sign” (S) bit, denoting whether the temperature is positive or negative. For Fahrenheit usage, a lookup table or conversion routine must be used.AddressLocation S 2625242322212002h MSB (unit = ℃) LSB2-12-22-32-40 0 0 0 01hTEMPERATURE DIGITAL OUTPUT(BINARY) DIGITAL OUTPUT(HEX)+120℃0111 1000 0000 0000 7800h+ 0001 1001 0001 0000 1910h+ 0000 1010 0010 0000 0a20h+ 0000 0000 1000 0000 0080h0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000h1111 1111 1000 0000 Ff80h1111 0101 1110 0000 F5e0h1110 0110 1111 0000 E6f0h-55 1100 1001 0000 0000 C900h OPERATION-Programming:The area of interest in programming the DS1722 is the Configuration register. All programming is done via the SPI or 3-wire communication interface by selecting the appropriate address of the desired register location. Table 3 illustrates the addresses for the two registers (configuration and temperature) of the DS1722.Register Address Structure Table 3CONFIGURATION REGISTER PROGRAMMING:The configuration register is accessed in the DS1722 with the 00h address for reads and the 80h address for writes. Data is read from or written to the configuration register MSB first for SPI communication and LSB first for 3-wire communication. The format of the register is illustrated in Figure 2. The effect each bit has on DS1722 functionality is described below along with the power-up state of the bit. The entire register is volatile, and thus it will power-up in the default state.CONFIGURATION/STATUS REGISTER Figure 21SHOT = One-shot temperature conversion bit. If the SD bit is "1", (continuous temperature conversions are not taking place), a "1" written to the 1SHOT bit will cause the DS1722 to perform one temperature conversion and store the results in the temperature register at addresses 01h (LSB) and 02h (MSB). The bit will clear itself to "0" upon completion of the temperature conversion. The user has read/write access to the 1SHOT bit, although writes to this bit will be ignored if the SD bit is a "0", (continuous conversion mode). The power-up default of the one-shot bit is "0".R0, R1, R2 = Thermometer resolution bits. Table 4 below defines the resolution of the digital thermometer, based on the settings of these 3 bits. There is a direct tradeoff between resolution and conversion time, as depicted in the AC Electrical Characteristics. The user has read/write access to the R2, R1 and R0 bits and the power-up default state is R2="0", R1="0", and R0="1" (9-bit conversions).THERMOMETER RESOLUTION CONFIGURATION Table 4SD = Shutdown bit. If SD is "0", the DS1722 will continuously perform temperature conversions and store the last completed result in the temperature register. If SD is changed to a "1", the conversion in progress will be completed and stored and then the device will revert to a low-power shutdown mode. The communication port remains active. The user has read/write access to the SD bit and the power-up default is "1" (shutdown mode).SERIAL INTERFACE:The DS1722 offers the flexibility to choose between two serial interface modes. The DS1722 can communicate with the SPI interface or with a standard 3-wire interface. The interface method used is determined by the SERMODE pin. When this pin is connected to VDDD SPI communication is selected. When this pin is connected to ground, standard 3-wire communication is selected.SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI):The serial peripheral interface (SPI) is a synchronous bus for address and data transfer. The SPI mode of serial communication is selected by tying the SERMODE pin to VDDD. Four pins are used for the SPI. The four pins are the SDO (Serial Data Out), SDI (Serial Data In), CE (Chip Enable), and SCLK (Serial Clock). The DS1722 is the slave device in an SPI application, with the microcontroller being the master. The SDI and SDO pins are the serial data input and output pins for the DS1722, respectively. The CE input is used to initiate and terminate a data transfer. The SCLK pin is used to synchronize data movement between the master (microcontroller) and the slave (DS1722) devices. The shift clock (SCLK), which is generated by the microcontroller, is active only when CE is high and during address and data transfer to any device on the SPI bus. The inactive clock polarity is programmable in somemicrocontrollers. The DS1722 offers an important feature in that the level of the inactive clock is determined by sampling SCLK when CE becomes active. Therefore, either SCLK polarity can be accommodated. There is one clock for each bit transferred. Address and data bits are transferred in groups of eight, MSB first.3-WIRE SERIAL DATA BUS:The 3-wire communication mode operates similar to the SPI mode. However, in 3-wire mode, there is one bi-directional I/O instead of separate data in and data out signals. The 3-wire consists of the I/O (SDI and SDO pins tied together), CE, and SCLK pins. In 3-wire mode, each byte is shifted in LSB first unlike SPI mode where each byte is shifted in MSB first. As is the case with the SPI mode, an address byte is written to the device followed by a single data byte or multiple data bytes.外文资料译文DS1722数字温度传感器随着科学技术的不断进步和发展，温度传感器的种类日益繁多，应用逐渐广泛，并且开始由模拟式向着数字式、单总线式、双总线式和三总线式发展。

东南大学毕业设计论文模板使用说明

目录 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ix
第一章简介 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 1.1 版权声明 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 版本历史 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
This paper is SEUThesis user manual and also the sample document, it is better to be read before using SEUThesis . Keywords: LATEX template, thesis of Southeast Universiy
学校代码: 10286 分类号: 000 密级: 公开
U D C: 000 学号: 050962
SEU Thesis 宏包（2.0.0 版） ——东南大学学位论文 LATEX 模板
研究生姓名：导师姓名：
许元导师姓名教授副导师副教授
申请学位类别一级学科名称二级学科名称答辩委员会主席
第三章使用说明 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 3.1 例子 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 选项 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2.1 学位选项 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2.2 打印相关选项 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3 封面 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.1 分类号 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.2 UDC 类号 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.3 论文保密等级 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.4 学号 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3.5 论文标题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.6 作者 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.7 导师 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.8 院系和专业 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.9 申请学位类别 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.10 日期 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3.11 答辩委员会主席 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.12 评阅人 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.13 学位授予单位 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.14 设计地点 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.4 摘要和关键词 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

图书借阅管理系统毕业论文(优秀毕业论文)

【前言】随着计算机技术的不断发展，计算机作为知识经济时代的产物，已被广泛应用于社会各个行业和领域。

目前，我国的科技水平高速发展，计算机作为今天使用最广的现代化工具已深入到各个领域，并且正在成为未来社会——信息社会的重要支柱。

在这样的大背景下，现代图书馆的管理方式，资源建设等方面都发生了重大变化，这种变化表现在图书馆工作，管理和服务平台发生的变化，图书馆不再是传统的手工操作，人工管理，而是全面实行计算机管理。

图书馆的正常运营中总是面对大量的读者信息，图书信息以及两者相互作用产生的借书信息，因此要对读者资源，图书资源，借书信息进行管理。

本系统的开发就是在于提高图书管理的工作效率，加强图书馆的管理，全面实行计算机管理。

【摘要】本课题针对当前我国图书管理多数采用人工管理的现状以及即使采用了计算机图书管理系统却不能完全满足本单位图书管理的需要的实际情况出发，对图书管理业务经过详细的系统调查，开发出的操作简单而且方便实用的一个图书管理系统。

以适应新时代发展的需要。

本系统使用开发工具，主要使用SQL语句，结合Access数据库、VB的DAO 数据访问对象，DATA控件和ADO控件来实现数据库的操作。

图书管理系统主要对图书馆管理日常工作中遇到的实际问题，例如书籍信息、读者信息、借阅信息、能够实现以下任务：用户分级权限操作、借还图书操作、书库维护操作等。

本系统经过测试，运行稳定，可投入使用。

【关键字】图书、Visualbasic6.0、ACCESS、读者、借阅【Abstract】This topic aims at the current our country the book management most adoption the present condition that artificial management and even adopted the calculator book management system but can't satisfy the actualcircumstance of demand of this unit book management to set out completely, manage the business to the book through detailed system inquisition, develop the operation of simple and convenient practical book management system .With the demand that the orientation modern ear develop.This system uses the Visual Basic6.0 development tool, the main usage SQL language sentence, combine the DAO data interview object of the database of Access, VB, the DATA controls the operation that the piece and ADOs control the piece to carry out the database.The book management system mainly manages the actual problem meet in the daily pursuit to the library, for example book information, reader's information, borrow to read the information and can carry out the following mission: The customer ratings legal power operation, borrow return book operation, the stack maintenance operation etc..This system is through test, circulating the stability, can be put into the usage.【Keywords】Book, Visualbasic6.0, ACCESS, reader, borrow to read目录前言摘要关键词第一章图书借阅管理系统概述图书借阅管理系统简介图书借阅管理相关软件简介系统开发所用的技术准备第二章图书借阅管理系统分析系统初步调查2.2 系统可行性分析2.3 现行业务描述系统详细调查2.5系统的安全性第三章新系统逻辑方案3.1 数据流图3.2 数据字典3.3 系统逻辑模型的提出第四章系统详细设计图书借阅管理系统模块设计举例4.2 数据库设计概念结构设计本系统中所涉及到的主要实体及其属性本系统的实体－联系（E-R）图各表的物理结构4.3计算机系统的配置方案第五章图书借阅系统的实现第六章结束语参考文献图书借阅管理系统的设计第一章图书借阅管理系统概述在开发本系统之前，我认真地阅读了很多相关材料，其中包括《管理科学》，《数据组织与管理》，《图书借阅管理》，《数据结构》，《工程算法》，《VB教程》，《Access 2000使用手册》等，为下一步软件开发奠定了坚实的理论基础。

论文的加注和附录的格式

正文中的对他人文章，思想等的引用，需要用“尾注”的形式表示.正文中“上标”形式标出，在正文后的“Notes”中，详细标出引文的出处。

正文中的数字必须和“Notes”中的数字相对。

例：正文：.... Also, if the proliferation of electronic database on different formats is any guide, electronic texts might be published in different formats and for various systems-Because it would require a larger range of skills, reading would require more training. And because on-line publishing would of necessity be more centralized, Paul Start suggested that it could act idly undermine individual freedom to write and to read.[10 spaces][double space]←→ On-line publishing also has some sinister possibilities. In the hands of a totalitanan government, it could be used to monitor what citizens were reading. When it suited theregime, the texts of past newspapers, journals, and books could be permanentlyaltered.12（）[double space] these scenarios seem far-fetched, but it is sobering to remember that books might be destroyed more efficiently by pulling the plug on electronic texts than by throwing large numbers of copies on bonfires.注释的写法: 一定注意各个标点符号。

ThuThesis：清华大学学位论文模板

2.4.3 dvipdfmx . . . . . . . . 5
2.4.4 pdflatex . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4.5 latexmk . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4.6 自动化过程 . . . . . . . 6
2.5 升级 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
发的《研究生学位论文写作指南》，清华大学《编写“清华大学博士后研究报告”参考意见》编写而成，旨在供清华大学毕业生撰写学位论文使用。 3. 清华大学教务处和研究生院只提供毕业论文写作指南，不提供官方模板，也不会授权第三方模板为官方模板，所以此模板仅为写作指南的参考实现，不保证格式审查老师不提意见。任何由于使用本模板而引起的论文格式审查问题均与本模板作者无关。 4. 任何个人或组织以本模板为基础进行修改、扩展而生成的新的专用模板，请严格遵守 LATEX Project Public License 协议。由于违犯协议而引起的任何纠纷争端均与本模板作者无关。
∗Tsinghua University LATEX Thesis Template. †LittleLeo@newsmth ‡目前于电子科技大学工作。版本：5.0 时间: 2015/12/24
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目录
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1 模板介绍
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2 安装
3
2.1 下载 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.5.11 封面和封底 . . . . . . . 34
5.5.12 摘要格式 . . . . . . . . 43
5.5.13 主要符号表 . . . . . . . 44
5.5.14 致谢以及声明 . . . . . . 45

论文参考书目引用格式-芝加哥16版_Chicago_16th

论⽂参考书⽬引⽤格式-芝加哥16版_Chicago_16thCHICAGO AUTHOR-DATE(16th edition) REFERENCINGLast updated March 2011 This guide is primarily for students doing assignments at Curtin University.It is not for those publishing using the Chicago Author-Date style. For those publishing in the Chicago Author-Date style, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style: The Chicago Manual of Style. 2010. 16th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.The Chicago Manual of Style Online (16th ed.) is also available via Databases link on the Library’shome page.The Chicago referencing style has two basic systems of documentation. There is the humanities style (which can also be known as the footnote and endnote or the notes and bibliography style), as well as the author-datestyle. This guide follows the author-date system of referencing. This involves citations within the text corresponding to a full bibliographic entry in the reference list at the end of the document. The in-text citations include the author‘s last name, followed by the date of publication in parentheses. The bibliographic entry in the reference list includes all the other necessary publication information.When using EndNote, it is recommended that the style system to use is Chicago 16th B CurtinIt is very important that you check your department or school's assignment guide as some details,eg. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for notconforming to your school's requirements.What is Referencing?Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have usedin your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well asideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced.There are many acceptable forms of referencing. This information sheet provides a brief guide to the ChicagoAuthor-Date referencing style. Within the text of the assignment the author‘s name is given first, followed by thepublication date. A reference list at the end of the assignment contains the full details of all the in-text citations.Why Reference?Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and readmore fully the cited author‘s arguments.Steps Involved in Referencing1. Note down the full bibliographic details including the page number(s) from which the information is taken.In the case of a book, ?bibliographical details‘ refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volumenumber, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of thesedetails will necessarily be applicable).In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title ofthe article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the date that you accessed theinformation, and database name or web address (URL).2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below).3. Provide a reference list at the end of the document (see examples below).12In -Text CitationsUse the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text of an assignment.Where authors of different references have the same family name, include the author‘s personal name or initials in the in -text citation i.e.(Anderson, John 2008) or John Anderson (2008). If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in -text citation, separated by a semicolon e.g. (Brown 1991; Smith 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author.When directly quoting from another source, the relevant page number must be given and quotation marks placed around the quote. It is not necessary to include the page number when paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text.You can view an example of a Reference List using the Chicago Author -datereferencing style1. A reference list includes books, chapters, journal articles etc that you cite in the text of your essay.2. A bibliography is a list of relevant sources for background or for further reading.3. The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author – at the end of your essay..4. Where an item has no author it is cited and listed by its title.5. The Chicago Author -Date referencing style requires the second and subsequent lines of the reference to be indented.What is a Reference List? What is a Reference/Citation?A reference or citation consists of elements that allow the reader to trace the original book, article or website you have consulted and cited. Here are some examples in the Chicago Author -Date referencing style.Book:Journal article from a database:Web page:Place of publication Publisher Title of the journal article Journal titleuse URL.URL of the web pageExamples of Referencing6 of 178 of 179 of 1710 of 1711 of 1712 of 1713 of 1714 of 1715 of 1716 of 17Manual Changes—EndNote users, please note: Make any manual changes when you have finished creating your reference list with EndNote or convert your word document to plain text by clicking on the drop down arrow at Convert Citations andBibliography and selecting Convert to Plain text, then make your changes in the new document this will create. Failure to follow this procedure will result in manual changes being lost, and the references reverting to their original form once the reference list is updated with any new entries.17 of 17。

低频RFID读写器的设计毕业论文

摘要射频识别（简称RFID）技术是一种先进的自动识别技术，其通过射频信号自动对目标对象进行相关数据的获取并加以识别。

射频识别系统主要由电子标签和读写器组成，它们之间无需接触就可完成识别和数据读取。

射频识别技术相对于传统的磁卡及接触式IC卡技术具有非接触、阅读速度快、无磨损等特点，已被广泛应用于公共交通、门禁、物联网等众多领域。

针对目前学生自制力差经常逃课，导致荒废学业的问题，本文提出了RFID 考勤管理方案，对学生的考勤进行了系统的管理。

本设计以AT89S52单片机为控制核心，以美国TEMIC公司生产的发射频率为125kHz的射频芯片U2270B为主的射频模块、RS485串口通信模块、存储模块、时钟模块和声光提示电路共同构成了低频读卡器的设计，并应用于学生考勤管理。

本文详细设计了低频读写器的硬件电路，并阐述了各个模块的器件选型及电路设计。

其次，在低频读写器硬件电路的基础上介绍了软件设计的基本思想框架，以及对程序的编写和调试。

关键词：低频读写器；射频识别；考勤管理；U2270BAbstractRadio frequency identification (RFID) technology is an advanced automatic identification technology, rf signal through the automatic identification of target object as well as the related data acquisition. Radio frequency identification system is mainly composed of electronic tag and to read and write, the identification can be completed without contact between them and the data is read. Radio frequency identification technology compared with traditional magnetic card and contact with non-contact IC card technology and fast reading, no wear, has been widely applied to public transportation, access control, Internet of things, and many other fields.Aiming at poor students often skip classes, which leads to the academic waste problem, RFID attendance management scheme is proposed in this paper, on the students' attendance management system. This design with the AT89S52 single chip microcomputer as the core, to the United States TEMIC transmitting frequency is 125 KHZ rf chip U2270B based radio frequency module, RS485 serial communication module, storage module, clock module and acousto-optic hint circuit constitute the design of low frequency card reader, and applied to the student attendance management.This paper designed the hardware circuit of low frequency, speaking, reading and writing, and expounds the components selection and circuit design of each module. Secondly, on the basis of the hardware circuit of low frequency, speaking, reading and writing device on framework, the basic idea of software design are introduced as well as for the writing and debugging of the program.Keywords：Low frequency read/write device; Radio frequency identification; The attendance management;U2270B目录引言 (5)第一章射频识别RFID技术 (6)1.1 射频识别技术概述 (6)1.1.1 射频识别技术的特点及历史 (6)1.1.2 射频识别技术的应用现状及发展方向 (7)1.2 射频识别系统 (8)1.2.1 射频识别系统的构成 (8)1.2.2 射频识别系统的工作原理 (9)第二章 RFID读写器整体设计方案 (10)2.1 学生考勤管理系统的方案设计 (10)2.2 低频RFID读写器的设计方案 (11)2.2.1 RFID读写器的分类 (11)2.2.2 低频RFID读写器的结构 (11)2.2.3 低频RFID读写器的基本功能 (13)第三章低频RFID读写器的硬件设计 (14)3.1 电源电路 (14)3.2 单片机控制电路 (15)3.2.1 器件选型 (15)3.2.2 控制模块电路设计 (16)3.3 射频卡读写电路 (17)3.3.1 器件选型 (17)3.3.2 射频卡读写电路设计 (18)3.4 串行通信电路 (19)3.4.1 器件选型 (19)3.4.2 串行通信电路设计 (20)3.5 时钟电路 (21)3.5.1 器件选型 (21)3.5.2 时钟电路设计 (22)3.6 存储电路 (22)3.6.1 器件选型 (22)3.6.2 存储电路设计 (23)3.7 声光提示电路 (23)第四章低频RFID读写器的软件设计 (25)4.1 通信协议 (25)4.1.1 数据帧格式 (25)4.1.2 CRC校验算法 (25)4.2 数据表达方式 (25)4.3 系统软件工作流程 (25)4.3.1 复位 (25)4.3.2 状态初始化 (26)4.3.3 流程图 (26)结论 (26)参考文献 (27)附录 (28)谢辞 (30)引言射频识别(RFID)技术是一种先进的非接触式自动识别技术,其工作原理是射频信号通过空间耦合(电感或电磁耦合)或反射的传输特性,实现自动对识别物体的识别。

sci投稿中的research data范文

sci投稿中的research data范文Title: Research Data in SCI Manuscript SubmissionIntroduction:The management and presentation of research data in scientific publications play a crucial role in ensuring transparency, reproducibility, and the advancement of knowledge. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to include research data in SCI manuscript submissions effectively.Section 1: The Importance of Research DataResearch data serves as the foundation of scientific investigations, allowing for the replication and validation of findings. It provides evidence, supports scientific arguments, and allows others to build upon existing knowledge. By including research data in SCI manuscript submissions, authors contribute to the overall integrity and robustness of the scientific community.Section 2: Organizing Research DataTo enhance readability, research data should be organized in a coherent manner. Authors can categorize their data into sections such as experimental procedures, results, and analysis. Additionally, tables, figures, and graphs can be used to present complex data in a clear and concise manner. Proper labeling and referencing of data sources are essential to avoid confusion or plagiarism.Section 3: Data Availability and SharingTo promote transparency and facilitate scientific collaborations, authors are encouraged to make their research data available and accessible. Data repositories or online platforms dedicated to data sharing, such as Dryad or Figshare, should be utilized. Including a Data Availability Statement in the manuscript provides readers with information on where and how to access the data.Section 4: Data Reproducibility and MethodologyReproducibility is a fundamental aspect of scientific research. Authors should provide detailed descriptions of the methodology and experimental procedures employed in their study. This includes specifying variables, equipment used, and any modifications made from established protocols. Clear and concise details enable other researchers to replicate the study successfully.Section 5: Data Analysis and Statistical MethodsWhen presenting research data, authors should describe the statistical methods employed for data analysis. Providing sufficient information about the statistical tests and software used helps readers understand the validity and reliability of the results. Properly labeling graphs and figures with axis titles and appropriate units of measurement is essential for accurate interpretation.Section 6: Data Interpretation and DiscussionWhile presenting research data is crucial, it is equally important to interpret the findings and discuss their implications. Authors should contextualize the data within the scope of their study and address theresearch questions or hypotheses. The limitations of the study and potential sources of error should also be acknowledged to provide a balanced perspective.Section 7: Data Citation and ReferencesIn the manuscript, all data sources should be appropriately cited and referenced. Authors should adhere to the citation style specified by the journal's guidelines. Additionally, when citing data obtained from other studies, authors should ensure accuracy and provide the necessary permissions or acknowledgments as required.Conclusion:In conclusion, including research data in SCI manuscript submissions is vital for promoting transparency, reproducibility, and scientific advancement. By organizing and presenting data effectively, authors contribute to the overall integrity of scientific research. Embracing data sharing, providing detailed methodologies, and promoting proper data analysis and interpretation further enhance the value of the research conducted. As responsible scientists, it is our duty to ensure the availability and reliability of research data for the betterment of the scientific community as a whole.。

英文论文数据结果表示方式

英文论文数据结果表示方式据学术堂了解，英文表达有16种时态,论文中要用到的时态主要有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时.一般现在时：主要用于不受时间限制的客观存在事实的描述,或发生或存在于写论文之时的感觉、状态、关系等的描述或致谢的表述等.值得注意的是,出于尊重,凡是他人已经发表的研究成果作为previously established knowledge,在引述时普遍都用一般现在时.一般过去时：用于写论文中作者自己所做工作的描述.例如描述自己的材料、方法和结果.现在完成时：完成时少用.现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来.比如在介绍研究方法、分析某个问题或提出某个论证时,使用一般现在时.在叙述对本人或他人近期的工作或认识时,采用一般过去时或过去完成时.叙述结论或提出建议时,可使用一般现在时以及使用may,should,could等助动词.例如,当提到本文、此图、此表等说明了、表达了什么时要用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时.This paper describes The focus of this paper is Figure 1 shows Most of the mon condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-1.结论部分可以使用过去时强调过去的研究成果,采用现在时或将来时表达未来的研究方向或研究前景.Although the study found evidence of tillage and irrigation within the study area,from the data collected it was not possible to determine if the effects of agriculture upstream cause (or caused) higher levels of total nitrogen downstream. Further studies are therefore necessary to determine the effects of agriculture on the health of Stringybark Creek.。

normalized read count

normalized read count
基因表达分析是生物学研究中的重要组成部分。

在RNA测序技术中，读取计数是评估基因表达水平的主要指标之一。

然而，由于样本之间的技术和生物差异，读取计数可能会有很大的变异性。

为了解决这个问题，研究人员通常会进行读数归一化。

归一化读数是通过对读数进行修正，使它们在样本之间具有可比性。

一个流行的方法是使用TPM（每百万转录本）作为归一化指标，以考虑转录本长度和测序深度对读数的影响。

但是，对于低表达基因，TPM可能会导致读数下降到零。

另一个常用的归一化方法是使用RPKM （每百万读取数和每千个基因），但是它也可能受到样本之间的差异的影响。

最近，一种新的归一化方法已经引起了人们的关注，它被称为“标准化读数计算”。

这种方法使用了一个先进的归一化策略，称为TMM （总和中位数归一化），它可以减少技术和生物差异的影响。

标准化读数计算可以通过多次检验，优于其他归一化方法。

它已被广泛用于RNA测序数据的分析中，并被证明可以提高基因表达分析的精确性和可靠性。

标准化读数计算的优点是显而易见的。

它能够减少基因表达数据中的噪声，提高实验结果的可重复性。

此外，它能够在测序数据中纠正样本之间的偏差，从而提供更准确、可靠的基因表达数据。

因此，它已被广泛应用于生物学、医学等领域的研究中。

总之，标准化读数计算是一种新兴的RNA测序数据归一化方法。

它通过TMM归一化策略，有效地纠正了样本之间的技术和生物差异。

标准化读数计算已被证明是一种可靠的、精确的基因表达数据分析方法，它将在未来的生物学研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。

readpaper使用

readpaper使用什么是[readpaper使用]？[readpaper使用]是指使用一款名为ReadPaper的应用程序来管理和阅读学术论文的过程。

ReadPaper是一款功能强大的应用程序，它专门为研究人员、学生和学术界人士设计，旨在提供便捷的方式来整理、管理和阅读大量的学术论文。

第一步：下载和安装ReadPaper应用程序要使用ReadPaper，首先需要在您的设备上下载和安装该应用程序。

ReadPaper可以在各大应用商店中找到，并且适用于多个操作系统，包括iOS和Android。

下载完成后，按照应用程序的安装指南进行安装。

一旦安装完成，您就可以开始使用ReadPaper来管理和阅读学术论文了。

第二步：导入和整理学术论文一旦您成功安装了ReadPaper应用程序，下一步就是导入和整理学术论文。

ReadPaper提供了多种导入和整理学术论文的方法，使您可以根据自己的需要选择最适合的方式。

一种常见的导入学术论文的方法是通过电子邮件附件。

您可以将学术论文作为附件发送到您在ReadPaper中使用的电子邮件账户，然后ReadPaper会自动将其导入并整理好。

另一种导入和整理学术论文的方法是通过导入文件夹。

如果您已经在电脑上有许多学术论文存储在文件夹中，您可以将整个文件夹导入到ReadPaper中。

ReadPaper将会自动扫描文件夹中的论文，创建相应的文献库，并根据论文的元数据进行整理。

第三步：管理学术论文导入和整理学术论文之后，您可以开始管理这些学术论文。

ReadPaper 提供了多种功能，帮助您快速找到所需的论文，并添加标签、笔记和评论以更好地组织和管理您的研究工作。

首先，您可以使用关键词搜索功能来查找特定主题或论文。

ReadPaper 会快速搜索您的文献库，并显示与搜索关键词相关的结果。

其次，您还可以使用标签功能来给论文打上标签。

这样，您可以根据标签快速过滤出相关的论文，并在需要时快速找到它们。

detdatasample解析

一、数据样本的概念与重要性数据样本是指从整体数据中选择出来的具有代表性的一部分数据。

它在数据分析和统计学中扮演着非常重要的角色，因为通过对数据样本的分析，可以得出对整体数据的推断和预测。

数据样本的选择应当具有随机性和代表性，以确保所得到的结论具有普遍性和可信度。

二、数据样本的类型数据样本主要可以分为随机抽样和非随机抽样两种类型。

随机抽样是指每个样本被选择的概率是相等的，而非随机抽样则是指样本的选择对总体中各元素的概率不相等。

随机抽样常用的方法有简单随机抽样、分层抽样和整群抽样等，而非随机抽样则包括方便抽样、判断抽样和定额抽样等。

三、数据样本的解析方法1. 描述统计分析描述统计分析是指通过对数据样本进行整理、汇总和描述，以便更好地理解和把握样本的特征和分布情况。

描述统计分析的方法包括平均数、中位数、众数、标准差等指标，以及通过图表和图形展示数据的分布和特征。

2. 推论统计分析推论统计分析是指通过对数据样本的分析得出对总体数据的推断和预测。

常用的推论统计分析方法包括假设检验、置信区间估计等，以及通过抽样分布和概率论的方法进行总体参数的推断。

3. 数据挖掘分析数据挖掘分析是指通过对数据样本进行挖掘和分析，发现其中隐藏的规律和信息，以便更好地理解和利用数据。

数据挖掘分析的方法包括聚类分析、关联规则分析、分类和预测分析等，通过算法和模型对数据进行深入挖掘。

四、数据样本的应用领域数据样本的应用领域非常广泛，涉及到统计学、经济学、社会学、市场调查、医学和工程等多个领域。

在统计学中，数据样本可以用于对总体数据的参数进行推断和估计；在经济学中，数据样本可以用于对经济发展趋势和规律进行分析和预测；在社会学中，数据样本可以用于对社会现象和人群特征进行描述和研究；在医学和工程领域，数据样本可以用于对疾病和产品质量进行检测和控制。

五、数据样本的质量和有效性数据样本的质量和有效性直接影响到对总体数据的分析和结论的可信度。

一个好的数据样本应当具有代表性和随机性，以及足够的样本量和完整的数据信息。

SCI论文之数据可用性陈述--Dataavailabilitystatement

SCI论⽂之数据可⽤性陈述--Dataavailabilitystatement数据可⽤性陈述Data Availability StatementASCE is taking steps to improve the availability and reproducibility of work published in its journals. ASCE is introducing a new policy requiring authors to specify the availability of data, computational models, code, and other electronic materials used in work submitted for publication. The new policy is intended to (1) make it easier for readers and others to use, reproduce, and extend published work; (2) increase the quality of submissions; and (3) further encourage people to use work published in the ASCE Journals and cite that work. This new policy is a step forward to allow readers, authors, and our field to practice more open and reproducible science (Rosenberg, D.E.., D. W. Watkins 2018) (Govindaraju, R.S., M Hantush, X. Chu 2019) .When submitting a new manuscript, authors will include a new section titled “Data Availability Statement” before the “Acknowledgments.”Within this section, authors will select one or more of the following statements verbatim, with the inclusion of all citations to data, code, or models.Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available in a repository or online in accordance with funder data retention policies (Provide full citations that include URLs or DOIs.)Some or all data, models, or code used during the study were provided by a third party. (List items). Direct requests for these materials may be made to the provider as indicated in the Acknowledgments.Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request. (List items).Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are proprietary or confidential in nature and may only be provided with restrictions (e.g. anonymized data). (List items and restrictions).All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.No data, models, or code were generated or used during the study (e.g., opinion or dataless paper).如果暂时不想分享你的数据或模型：The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study. Data Availability Statement⼀般放在acknowledgements 和 the reference list 之间。

英语议论文开头段的写法

Use specific language and avoid generalizations to make the argument more convincing
Use transitional phrases to link the opening paragraph with the rest of the essay
Emphasis key arguments by resetting them in your own words or by providing examples that illustrate them
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02
03
Quoting fake quotes and emphasizing arguments
Use short stories
Leave room for interpretation
Include with a thesis statement
Telling small stories to stcribe specific scenarios and introduce arguments
Quoting different viewpoints, leading to reflecting arguments
Quoting different viewpoints allow the reader to understand the complexity of the issue and see different sides of the argument
Leading into the main argument
Comparing past and present
Compare how a topic has been handled in history with how it is currently being addressed This can help to put current perspectives into context and show their limitations or strengths