The Dead
the dead眼睛与死亡的赏析
the dead眼睛与死亡的赏析1.“死亡”中历史背景的主题烘托19世纪末，爱尔兰与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国与苏格兰合并。
许多爱尔兰人移民到都柏林这样的地方，以使自己摆脱家乡的社会不平等。
乔伊斯的“死者”展示了19世纪末爱尔兰中产阶级在都柏林的生活方式。
正如惠兰所言，这个故事深受爱尔兰历史的影响：“这次发掘的主要发现之一是埋在其中心的饥荒的埋藏历史。
“死亡”的共鸣和它特有的充满活力的语言源自于这种历史层次的深度，因为它是隐藏的，所以更能引起人们的共鸣(Whelan 59)。
2.“死亡”中的规范和仪式观的碰撞“死亡”在整个故事中都跟随着加布里埃尔的意识。
他是晚宴的读者向导。
如果乔伊斯遵循一种经典的小说叙事形式，加布里埃尔会经历一次顿悟，然而，正如沃尔兹尔所言，这种情况从未发生过。
相反，读者对加布里埃尔有一种依恋的感觉。
最后，我们看到，我们不应该寻求像他一样，屈服于仪式。
在这个最后的故事里都柏林人乔伊斯展示了社会规范的力量。
在社会中制定规范是为了控制人口：规范管理系统的优点是避免无用的、愚蠢的、自我毁灭的行为，这些行为是严格执行例行公事，以及纯粹模仿所产生的错误和偏差的传播。
因此，构建具有应用规范能力的自主人工代理是很有前途的。
乔伊斯展示了规范和仪式是如何嵌入到他的角色头脑中的。
他的许多角色都过着自己的生活，就像他们是机器的一部分一样。
他们都有自己的功能，通过他们遵守的仪式来巩固。
生活在仪式上的人物的一个极端例子是僧侣，乔伊斯在故事开始时就描述了这一点：听到僧侣们从来不说话，凌晨两点钟起床，在棺材里睡觉，他感到很惊讶。
(乔伊斯15)。
乔伊斯通过僧侣的形象展示了强烈的服从。
布朗先生对这个故事的反应是：‘我非常喜欢这个想法，但舒适的弹簧床对他们的作用不像棺材那样好吗？’(Joyce 15)。
讨论僧侣生活方式的团体不明白他们为什么参加。
通过展示这个群体无法接受或理解这些规范，乔伊斯说明了文化接触和冲突可以激发群体内部规范的表达。
the dead用法-概述说明以及解释
the dead用法-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述在这个社会中，我们常常会面对一些不愉快的事情，例如死亡。
死亡是生命中不可避免的一部分，但人们对于死亡的态度和处理方式可能因文化、宗教、个人经历等各种因素而有所不同。
本文将探讨和讨论关于死亡的一些用法，以帮助我们更好地理解和面对这一现象。
首先，我们将介绍一些关于死亡用法的基本概念和定义。
死亡可以被视为生命的终结，是一个不可逆转的过程。
它不仅仅限于人类，还包括动物和其他生命形式。
不同文化和宗教对死亡也有不同的解读和意义赋予，例如有些文化认为死后会有来世，而有些文化则相信死亡是生命的终结。
其次，我们将探讨死亡的影响和人们对死亡的态度。
死亡不仅仅是生命的结束，它还对亲人、朋友和社会产生着深远的影响。
对于生者来说，面对亲人的死亡往往是一种巨大的心理和情感挑战。
而对于社会来说，死亡也意味着人口的减少，对社会结构和经济产生一定的影响。
最后，我们将探讨如何更好地应对和面对死亡。
正视死亡，接受它是生命不可分割的一部分，并提前进行合理的规划和准备，将有助于减轻生者和亲人的负担。
同时，我们也要尊重和理解不同文化和宗教对死亡的看法，以避免产生冲突和误解。
通过探索这些话题，我们可以更好地思考和理解死亡，从而更好地面对自己和他人的离别。
综上所述，本文将探讨和讨论关于死亡的一些用法，介绍死亡的概念和定义，探讨死亡的影响和人们的态度，以及如何更好地应对和面对死亡。
通过这些内容的讨论，我们可以拓宽视野，增加对死亡的理解，以及更好地适应生命中不可避免的离别。
1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以是关于文章的组织和安排，以及各个部分的内容概述。
在这篇《the dead用法》的长文中，为了更好地说明文章结构，我建议可以在第1.2节文章结构部分加入以下内容：文章结构（Article Structure）：本文将按照以下顺序进行叙述：引言、正文和结论。
通过这样的结构，我们可以全面地探讨和阐述关于“the dead用法”的各个要点，并在结论中给出总结和展望。
【精编范文】thedead赏析-精选word文档 (8页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==thedead赏析篇一：《死亡诗社》的双语台词赏析一、及时行乐，让你的生命超越凡俗《船长，我的船长》Oh ,captain ,my captain!《劝少年们珍惜时光》及时采撷你的花蕾／旧时光一去不回/今天尚在微笑的花朵／明天变得风中枯萎（丁尼生）Gather ye rosebuds while ye may/Oldtime is still a-flying/And this same flowers that smilestoday/Tomorrow will be dying因为信不信由你，这个房间里的每个人，总有一天都要停止呼吸，僵冷，死亡。
我要你们向前到这儿来，细细玩味过去的面孔，你们经过这儿无数次，但从未真正看过他们，和你的差异并不大，对吧？同样的发型，和你们一样精力旺盛，和你们一样不可一世，世界都在他们的掌握之中，他们认为注定要成就大事，和大多数的你们一样，他们的双眼充满了希望，和你们一样。
他们是否虚度时光，到最后一无所成？因为各位所见到的??这些男孩现在都已化为尘土了，如果你们仔细倾听，便能听见他们在低声耳语，附耳过去，仔细听，听见了？CARPE?听见了吗？CARPE... CARPE DIEM 及时行乐，孩子们，让你的生命超越凡俗。
Because believe or not, each one of us in this room is one day going to stop breathing, turn cold and die. I'd like you to step forward of you and peruse some of the faces from the past. They'renot that different from you, are they? Same haircuts. Full of hormones. Just like you. Invincible just like you fell. The world is their oyster. They believe they're destined for great things, justlike many of you; their eyes are full of hope, just like you. Didthey wait until it was too late to make from their lives even oneiota of what they were capable? Because, you see gentleman, theseboys are now fertilizing daffodils. But if you listen real close, you can hear them whisper their legacy to you. Go on, lean in. Listen,you hear it? Carpe...hear it? Carpe, carpe diem, seize the day, boys, make your lives extraordinary.二、诗歌、美丽、浪漫、爱情，才是我们活着的意义。
新概念第二册lesson96thedeadreturn亡灵返乡
festival ['festivəl] n.节日
The dead和the living均为“定冠词+形容词”结构，表示某类人。
This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living.这个节日是个欢乐的日子，因为在这一天，据说死去的人要回到他们的家里来，活着的人则对他们表示欢迎。
These lanterns will guide the dead on their return journey to the other world.
② vt.指导（……的行动）；影响（……的决策等）
We should be always guided by truth.我们应该永远受真理的指导。
In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over.在靠海的城镇中，头天夜里挂在大街小巷的小灯笼在节后就放在了水里。
He drifted fromFrancetoItaly.
This is a movingspectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.
中英对照版_中文版_The_Dead_By_James_Joyces死者_詹姆斯_乔伊斯
詹姆斯·乔伊斯著王智量译看楼人的女儿莉莉简直是双脚离地在飞跑了，她刚刚把一位先生带进底层营业所后面的餐具间，帮他脱掉大衣，断断续续的前门门铃可又响起来了，她只得匆匆奔过空荡荡的过道，给另一位客人开门。
幸亏不要她也伺候女客人。
凯特小姐和朱莉娅小姐想到了这一层，把楼上的浴室改做女客们的化妆室了。
凯特小姐和朱莉娅小姐现在正在那儿，聊着天，笑着，大惊小怪地没事儿瞎忙着，还轮番走到楼梯口，从扶手栏杆上向下张望，朝楼下对莉莉大声喊着，问她是谁来了。
这从来都是件大事情，莫坎家的几位小姐每年一次的舞会。
她们所有的熟人都来参加，家庭的成员，家里的老朋友，朱莉娅唱诗班里的队员，凯特教过的一些已经长大成人的学生，甚至玛丽·简的学生有的也来参加。
没有哪回不是尽欢而散的。
就人们记忆所及，好多好多年了，这舞会一向是开得很成功的；自从她们的哥哥帕特去世，凯特和朱莉娅从斯托尼·巴特那幢房子里搬出来，带上玛丽·简，她们唯一的侄女儿，一块住在阿雪岛上这幢幽暗、冷落的房子里以来，一直是这样。
她们从楼下做粮食生意的富勒姆先生手里租下了楼上一层，已经有足足三十个年头了。
玛丽·简那时候还是个穿短衫裤的小丫头，如今已是家里的台柱子了。
海丁顿街上的管风琴归她弹。
她从专科学校毕业，还每年一度在老音乐厅的楼上开一次学生演奏会。
她的好多学生都是金斯顿和达尔基一带上等人家的子女。
她的姨妈们虽然老成那样了，也都在尽自己的一份力。
朱莉娅，尽管已经两鬓斑白，仍然是“亚当与夏娃”唱诗班的第一女高音，凯特，因为身体太弱，不能多跑动，就在后屋那架老式方型大钢琴上给启蒙学生教音乐课。
莉莉，看楼人的女儿，给她们做女仆的工作。
虽然她们生活得简朴，她们主张要吃的好；样样都买顶好的：带梭形骨头的牛腰肉、三先令一磅的茶叶和上等的瓶装黑啤酒。
莉莉照吩咐做事，极少有差错，所以她跟三位女主人处得挺好。
她们都爱大惊小怪，如此而已。
不过她们唯一不能忍受的是跟她们顶嘴。
新概念第二册lesson96thedeadreturn亡灵返乡
lay out摆放，展示，摆设，摊开
Just as he laid out his book, the telephone rang.他刚把书摊开电话就响了。
Don’t let your wife’s opinion guide your actions.
the other world另一个世界，即阴间
She believes that she will meet her dead parents in the other world.
world可以与一些限定词连用以表示“今世/现世”“来世”“黄泉”等
This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living.这个节日是个欢乐的日子，因为在这一天，据说死去的人要回到他们的家里来，活着的人则对他们表示欢迎。
这是一个感人的场面，人们成群地伫立在海岸上，注视着灯笼远去，直到再也看不见为止。
spectacle ['spekt?k?l] n.景象，壮观，场面
moving adj.动人的，感人的
a moving spectacle一个感人的场面
I’ve just read a moving story/letter.我刚读了一个感人的故事/一封感人的信。
Plot summary -the dead(死者的整篇概述与中文的理解)
Plot summaryThe story centres on Gabriel Conroy on the night of the Morkan sisters' annual dance and dinner in the first week of January 1904, perhaps the Feast of the Epiphany (January 6). Typical of the stories in Dubliners, "The Dead" develops toward a moment of painful self-awareness; Joyce described this as an epiphany. The narrative generally concentrates on Gabriel's insecurities, his social awkwardness, and the defensive way he copes with his discomfort. The story culminates at the point when Gabriel discovers that, through years of marriage, there was much he never knew of his wife's past.Upon arriving at the party with his wife, Gabriel makes an unfunny joke about the maid's marriage prospects; and he fidgets, adjusts his clothing, and offers her money as a holiday present. Not long after that, he gets flustered again when his wife pokes fun at him over a conversation they had earlier, in which he had forced her to wear galoshes for the bad weather. With such episodes, Gabriel is depicted as particularly pathetic. Similarly, Gabriel is unsure about quoting a poem from the poet Robert Browning when he is giving his dinner address, as he is afraid to be seen as pretentious. But, at the same time, Gabriel considers himself above the others when he speculates that his audience would not understand the words he uses.Later, when giving the traditional holiday toast, Gabriel overcompensates for some of his earlier statements to his evening dancing partner Miss Ivors, an Irish nationalist. His talk relies heavily on conventions; and he praises the virtues of the Irish people and idealizes the past in a way that feels contrived and disingenuous especially considering what the past will mean to him once he hears his wife's story. In fact he hurts Miss Ivors by mistake so much that she rushes away even before dinner is served.As Gabriel is preparing to leave the party, he sees a woman absorbed in thought, standing at the top of the staircase. He stares at her for a moment before he recognizes her as his wife. He then envisages her as though she were the model in a painting that he would call "Distant Music". Her distracted and wistful mood arouses sexual interest in him. He tries indirectly to confront her about it after the party, in the hotel room he has reserved for them; but he finds her unresponsive. Trying to make ironic, half-suggestive comments, Gabriel learns that she was feeling nostalgic after having heard Mr. D'Arcy singing The Lass of Aughrim at the party.Upon being pressed further, Gretta says that the song reminds her of the time when she was a girl in Galway and in love with a boy named Michael Furey. At the time, Gretta was being kept at her grandmother's home before she was to be sent off to a convent in Dublin. Michael was terribly sick and unable to see her. Despite being bedridden, when it came time for her to leave Galway, Michael travelled through the rain to Gretta's window; and, although he was able to speak with her again, he died within the week.The remainder of the text delves further into Gabriel's thoughts after he hears this story, exploring his shifting views on himself, his wife, the past, the living and the dead. It is ambiguous whether the epiphany is just an artistic and emotional moment or is meant to set the reader pondering whether Gabriel will ever manage to escape his smallness and insecurity.对于重写这种做法，欧茨在重写的《死者》中，借女作家伊琳娜之口这样说：“我希望通过重新构思已故作家的作品与情感来向他们致敬……就像女人与男人联姻那样，嫁给他们、加入他们……无论是在精神上还是在情欲上……”（and I want to honor the dead by reimagining their works，by reimagining their obssessions……in a way marrying them，joining them as a woman joins a man……spiritually and erotically……“在两篇《死者》中，均通过出色的技巧表现了人类灵魂的瘫痪——在乔伊斯作品中是都柏林人，在欧茨的作品中是纽约人。
The Dead
Content Analysis
• His encounter with Miss Ivors: – “O, innocent Amy! I have found out that you write for The Daily Express. Now, aren’t you ashamed of yourself?”
– “-I'll engage they did, said Gabriel, but they forgot that my wife here takes three mortal hours to dress herself . . .”
Bie Ting
Content Analysis
– “Kate and Julia came toddling down the dark stairs at once. Both of them kissed Gabriel's wife, and said she must be perished alive and asked was Gabriel with her.”
– “For years and years it had gone off in splendid style…ever since Kate and Julia…to live with them in the dark gaunt house on Usher’s Island…”
– “-O, Mr Conroy, said Lily to Gabriel when she opened the door for him, Miss Kate and Miss Julia thought you were never coming. Good-night, Mrs Conroy.”
文学导论The dead 情节总结
文学导论The dead 情节总结情节是一种典型的描写人和自然关系的文学体裁。
它不是单纯指人和自然之间的关系，而是一种社会现象。
情节也是一种社会现象，它表现了人与自然关系中某种不和谐因素的集合。
因此，作为文学作品中重要的描写形式之一，情节在作品中占据了重要位置，也就是“文学史”中重要文体之一。
一、特征“情节”是一个广义的概念，是从时间上，从事件发生的原因，事件发展的过程和结果等方面来叙述人物的某一时期的行为或活动，而并不单纯地描述某一事件本身或某一事件之间发生或发展的因果关系。
因此，情节又可分为事件和情节两大类。
此外，还有一种以叙述为主，但并不是主要叙述事件经过或结果等方面的一种叙述方式，而是一种较为隐晦、含蓄的叙述方式。
情节往往由一定时期内人们所普遍认识、普遍使用及普遍接受而形成，是人或事物在一定时期内产生意义的反映与映射。
因此，情节是具有一定含义的一种文学体裁，它主要是以叙述为主要手段进行表达，反映一定时期人们的思想感情以及所包含的丰富社会内容的艺术表现形式；情节反映了人们在一定社会政治、经济、文化及其他各方面所发生、发展与变化的现象和过程。
1、事件“事件”是人物的言行或事件发生的条件和背景，也就是人物形象与环境相关联的情节。
事件就是人物所做所为的外部记录或结果，是人物思想感情和行为的表现，更是情节的核心所在。
事件是人物内在心理活动的外部反映，它是人物行为过程中的一个组成部分。
情节主要是通过人与事物之间矛盾关系的变化过程和发展而完成对人物行为的反映或映射。
例如：小说《红岩》中李商隐所写“红岩三姐妹”中三姐妹即为一对姐妹花；《金锁记》中李香君与罗曼蒂克小姐之间复杂曲折的爱情经历；《白蛇传》中白素贞与许仙之间缠绵悱恻与生死相随的爱情故事中均是在刻画人物形象与环境进行心理活动的过程中完成的；《朱雀记》中霍去病病重后不辞而别和与朱雀王母相会而去等多个细节都是在完成人物形象与环境进行心理活动和行为表现过程中完成的。
late、dead、deceased
同义词辨析：late、dead、deceased导航意思: 死亡的late:解析: late 只作定语，只用于人而不用于物。
例句: Following his late father's will, he was given the right to take over all businesses.翻译: 遵照已故父亲的遗嘱，他有权接管所有的企业。
例句: The late master of the estate was named Bill Brown.翻译: 已故庄园主叫比尔·布朗。
dead:解析: dead 普通用词，指人和物失去生命的。
例句: The dead tree was cut down and burned.翻译: 那棵枯树被砍倒并烧掉了。
例句:Catherine's dead body lay peacefully on the bed.翻译: 凯瑟琳的尸体安详地躺在床上。
例句:Often a genius is recognized only after he is dead and gone.翻译: 天才往往在离开人世之后才得到认可。
deceased:解析: deceased 法律术语，指人已死亡的；常用作the deceased, 尤指新近去世的人。
例句: The deceased left a large sum of money to his grandson.翻译: 死者给他的孙子留下一大笔钱。
例句: The deceased leaves a widow and three daughters.翻译: 死者留下妻子和三个女儿。
例句: Many friends of the deceased were present at the funeral.翻译: 死者的很多朋友都出席了葬礼。
the dead sea scrolls阅读译文
死海古卷the dead sea scrolls阅读译文
1947年10月15日，几个贝都因牧羊人走进死海西北边一个被称为库姆兰的山洞。
他们想找一些古代的羊群。
他们没有找到羊，但找到了别的东西：一大堆陶罐和皮革包裹的卷轴。
这些卷轴就是后来被称为“死海古卷”的物品。
这些卷轴是在库姆兰地区的洞穴里发现的，这个地区大约有80多个洞穴。
这些卷轴是在11个洞穴里发现的，其中一些卷轴是在一个被称为“山洞11”的地方发现的。
这个地方在1952年被挖掘出来，发现了许多手写的卷轴和一本皮革书。
死海古卷的发现是一个重大的考古发现。
这些卷轴写于公元前2世纪到公元1世纪之间，是迄今为止发现的关于早期基督教的最早文献。
这些卷轴是用希伯来语、希腊语和阿拉米语写成的。
它们包含了许多重要的信息，包括旧约圣经的早期版本、早期基督教教义和仪式的资料，以及许多其他与犹太历史和基督教早期历史有关的资料。
自1947年以来，科学家们一直在努力研究死海古卷。
他们已经翻译了许多卷轴，并对其进行了详细的研究。
这些研
究已经改变了我们对早期基督教和犹太历史的看法。
死海古卷的发现也对考古学产生了深远的影响。
这些卷轴的发现证明了古代犹太人和基督徒对宗教和文化的重视。
这些卷轴也表明了古代人们对宗教和文化的热情和承诺。
总的来说，死海古卷是一个重要的历史和文化遗产。
它们的发现为我们提供了关于早期基督教和犹太历史的重要信息，并帮助我们更好地理解这些历史时期的文化和社会背景。
新概念英语第二册96课课件(推荐完整)
• well-intentioned 善意的 • well-known 著名的 • well-preserved 保存／保养得好的 • widespread 广泛流传的 • candle-lit 点着蜡烛的 • a horse-drawn cart 一辆二轮马车 • a tree-lined street 林阴街道
• （2）被动语态 the dead are said 在这里的 作用是缓和说话语气，因为对事情是否属 实的把握不太大。
• 2．… food is laid out for them. ……为他 们摆放好了食品。
• lay out 为短语动词，其含义之一为“摆 出”、“摊开”：
• Just as he laid out his book, the telephone rang.
• 她整个夏天都和她爷爷呆在一起。
• 5．their return journey to the other world，返回另一个世界。
• world 可以与一些限定词连用以表示“今世 ／现世”、“来世”、“黄泉”等：
• the next world / the world to come 来世
• She believes that she will meet her dead parents in the other world.
• 她相信她会与她死去的父母在阴间重逢。
• 6．a moving spectacle，一个感人的场面。 • moving 为形容词，表示“动人的”、“感
the dead主要讲了什么
the dead主要讲了什么
《the dead主要讲了什么》（The Dead），作家，收录於1914年出版的《》一书。
描绘陆续抵达并享用圣诞节大餐的客人，故事很细腻的描写这些美味的料理火腿和卤牛肉、牛排、烤鹅、、雪莉酒与整个活动的细节，他们讨论皇家歌剧院表演的歌剧团，又唱诗歌。
主角贾柏瑞透过这场「盛宴」感伤著，人虽然还活著，其实精神上已经瘫痪了，不过是些活死人罢了。
他“听见雪花落在大地的微弱声响；悄然落下，彷佛进入最後的旅程，落在所有的生人与死者身上。
”一些批评家认为这篇故事，是要写犯下七罪之一「」。
The Dead(James Joyce)--Analysis
James Joyce - The DeadThe AuthorJames Joyce was born in Rathgar, a suburb in the south of Dublin, on February 2, 1882. He was the first of ten children. His parents were John Stanislaus Joyce, an improvident rate collector, and Mary Jane Murray. James was baptised in Roman Catholic faith at the church of St Joseph, Terenure, on February 5.In 1887 the Joyce family moved to Bray, a seaside town fifteen miles south of Dublin. From 1888 to 1891 James studied at Clongowes Wood College, Sallins, County Kildare, a well-known Jesuit school. In 1891 the family, who had financial problems, moved first to Blackrock and then to Dublin. After a brief interlude with the Christian Brothers on North Richmond Street, Joyce finished his Jesuit education at Belvedere College. In 1898 he entered University College, Dublin, where he read French, Italian and English. In 1902, Joyce left for Paris in order to study medicine, but he soon returned to Dublin in August of 1903 because of his mother’s death . Back in Dublin James Joyce started working an the first draft of ‘Stephen Hero’. In 1904 he fell in love with Nora Barnacle, a girl from Galway who worked in a hotel. In the same year he also published the first story of the collection ‘Dubliners’. He decided to leave for Zurich together with Nora, where he taught at the Berlitz school. A year later they moved to Trieste where his son Giorgo was born on 27 July 1905.Six months later, James Joyce sent twelve stories of ‘Dubliners’ to his publisher, who hesitated eleven years to publish these stories, because he was afraid of censorship. In 1907 Joyce published ‘Chamber Music’, a collection of poems. In the same year his daughter Lucia Anna was born.The following years were marked by the beginning of Joyce’s eye problems. In 1914 ‘A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man’ was published. Joyce’s play ‘Exiles’ was published in 1918 in London and New York. In 1920 the family Joyce moved to Paris and two years later the full text of ‘Ulysses’ was published in book form. His second collection of poems, ‘Pomes Penyeach’, was published in 1927. On 4 July 1931 James and Nora were married in London ‘for testamentary reasons’. In the same year, Joyce’s father died in Dublin.By 1933 Joyce had become nearly blind. Two more of Joyce’s books were published in the thirties: his ‘Collected Poems’ (1936) and ‘Finnegans Wake’ (1939). In 1940 the family Joyce fled to Switzerland.Joyce died in Zurich on 13 January 1941, of a perforated ulcer.About the Story‘The Dead’ is the last story of ‘Dubliners’. James Joyce wrote this story in Trieste in 1907. ‘The Dead’ was first published with the rest of the collection in 1917.‘The Dead’ has the usual division into three parts, indicated by Joyce himself: arrival of the guests and first dances; Gabriel’s own dance with Miss Ivors,supper and speech; last song, departure, hotel scene with the revelation of Gretta’s past love.Summary1PartThe story is set at the house of the Morkans where the sisters Miss Kate and Miss Julia and their niece Mary Jane have their yearly Christmas party. Everybody who knows one of the three hostesses comes each year to their dance-party. This year the guests are worried at first because it was after ten o’clock Gabriel Conroy, the nephew of Miss Julia and Miss Kate, and his wife Gretta have still not come. When they finally arrive, everybody is very pleased because Gabriel is going to give a speech this year. Gabriel wants to give Lily, who does the housework for her aunts and her cousin, a tip, but she rejects it. Gabriel goes up the stairs and stops outside the sitting room door in order to go through his speech again because he is not really content with it. He thinks that it might be too difficult for his audience, and he does not want to make another mistake (after offering Lily a tip).After that he greets the other guests. At the same time, Freddy Malins who is always drunk arrives. Gabriel is told better to look after Freddy when the other people go back into the room where they can have a drink or dance. Mary Jane starts playing the piano, but Gabriel does not listen because he does not like the music.Part2After Mary Jane has finished playing, Gabriel finds himself standing close to Miss Ivors as the next dance begins. She is a young woman with honest brown eyes who talks a lot. They start a conversation and Gabriel tells her that he will not be able to come to the Aran Isles because he wants to go on a bicycle tour to France or Belgium. She, however, cannot understand at all why he does not want to visit his own country, but Gabriel argues that he wants to practice the foreign languages. When the music has finished, they stop talking as well and she even calls him ‘West Briton’.After the dance, Gabriel Conroy speaks to Freddy Mailins’ mother in order to forget the conversation with Miss Ivors. Then everybody sits down to have supper, and Gabriel takes a seat at the head of the table. After the supper Gabriel makes his speech.3PartThe last guests are standing at the front door. The cold morning air blows into the house. Gabriel puts his coat on and waits for his wife Gretta. He goes to the bottom of the stairs and looks up. He sees a women standing in the shadow near the top. It is his wife who is listening to a melody. Someone is playing the piano and a man is singing to the music. It is Mr Bartell D’Arcy whohas not wanted to sing at first. After that, all go to the door and say goodbye to the hostesses.Gabriel and his wife Gretta go back home to their hotel. Gretta is very thoughtful. She tells Gabriel that she keeps thinking about a person she knew a long time ago when she was living with her grandmother in a small village. His name was Michael Furey and he was her boyfriend. He died when he was only seventeen. And she believes he died for her. He was ill and he visited her because she wanted to move to Dublin. The weather was horrible, it was raining and a strong wind was blowing. He died one week later.After this revelation he throws herself down on the bed, crying. While Gretta is asleep, Gabriel looks out of the window ,and thinks about the story she has just told him, about his earlier feelings for her, and about how strong they were. He meditates on the living and the dead.CharacterisationGabriel Conroy:He is the main character of this story. Gabriel, ‘a stout, tallish young man with glossy black hair and glasses’, works as a university teacher in Galway- In contrast to Miss Ivors, he is not so fond of his country.As his wife tells him that this boy, Michael Furey, died for her, he cannot deal with the situation. He feels completely alone.Conroy:GrettaShe is Gabriel’s wife. His mother does not like her. She calls Gretta ‘a sweet girl from the country’. But she is a rather beautiful woman. At the Christmas party she remembers Michael Furey. She thinks that he died for her and loves him because of that.Interpretation‘The Dead’ is a description of a man’s realisation of his psychological paralysis.1 This is broken down by three mistakes, one in each part of the story: (1) Lily’s refusal of a tip: Gabriel’s failure as a gentlemen, (2) Miss Ivors’ use of the abusive term ‘West Briton’: Gabriel’s failure as an Irishman, (3) Gretta’s withdrawal into the past and her revelation: Gabriel’s failure as a man, a lover and a husband.He is then left alone (his wife is fast asleep) to mediate on the living and the dead while he is looking out of the window.1 HART, CLIVE: James Joyce’s ‘Dubliners’, Faber&Faber, London, 1969。
死亡初雪选段译文分析
死亡初雪选段译文分析译文赏析1.乔伊斯The Dead 段落赏析该段落选自20世纪意识流小说大师詹姆斯·乔伊斯的短篇小说集《都柏林人》中的最后，也是最重要的一篇---《死者》（The Dead）.这篇小说惯用意识流的手法，以生动、准确、朴实的语言，细腻地体现出乔伊斯关于生死的思考。
The Dead 是乔伊斯长篇小说《都柏林人》的最后一篇，也可是说是压轴篇。
文章讲述的是雪夜窗前突然痛苦绝望的Gabriel，对真爱、深思的感悟与思考。
乔伊斯仿佛在通过Gabriel向我们讲述着他的一生。
看了该段落后，又细读了该段数次，个人感觉有种想看全小说的冲动。
因为乔伊斯的意识流手法运用娴熟，结合对生与死的感悟，很容易让人有所感触。
但要想将小说里的意识流淌、深析、思想剖析翻译好，并不容易。
我尝试译出了该节选段落的大部分，因此会结合已有的大家译文和自己的译文对该节选段落的原译文进行赏析。
以下是自己的部分译文：房间里的空气让他的两肩感到寒冷。
他小心翼翼地钻进被窝，躺在妻子旁边。
他们都将一个接一个的变成幽灵。
最好在年少热情鼎盛的时刻勇敢的进入到那个世界，而不要随着年华的逝去而逐渐暗淡。
他在想，躺在旁边的妻子为何多年以来一直牢记她的情人告诉她说她不想活时的眼睛的样子。
大量的泪水涌入了加里布埃尔的眼睛。
他从来没有对任何一个女人有过这种感觉。
但他肯定这就是爱的感觉。
泪水逐渐蒙住了双眼，透过泪水，他似乎看到一个年轻人站在雨后的树下。
其他的影像也越来越近。
他的灵魂已经到达已逝的生命的栖息地。
他能意识到，但不能理解他们毫无规则、忽闪忽现的存在方式。
他自己也正在向一个无形的灰色世界滑去。
这是一个坚不可摧的世界，在那里，那些死去的人曾一度在此成长、在此生活过，而如今正在消亡，正在溶解。
微弱的光亮透过窗户玻璃照进了房间，吸引他向窗外看去，外面又开始下起了雪。
他看着窗外的雪花、银白色或暗色的雪花，在路灯的照射下斜斜地飘落。
到了他该动身去西方旅行的时候了。
外研版九上英语 Module 7 Great books Unit 2
讲 get...into trouble意为"让……陷入麻烦"。▶If you are against the rules，you may get into trouble. 如果你违背规则，你可能会遇上麻烦。
surprised
形容词，意为"惊奇的；惊讶的"，强调人的主观感受。
surprising
形容词，意为"令人吃惊的；使人惊奇的"，常用来修饰事物。
surprise
作名词，意为"惊奇；惊讶；意外"。to one's surprise意为"令某人吃惊的是"；in surprise意为"惊讶地"。
作及物动词，意为"使惊奇；使感到意外"。
set v.（电影、戏剧、小说等）以……为背景
讲 "be set in+地点"意为"以某地为背景"。▶The novel is set in France in the 1860s.这部小说以19世纪60年代的法国为背景。
教材原句 He does not like people telling him what to do，so he always gets into trouble. 他不喜欢人们告诉他该做什么，所以他总是遇上麻烦。（教材P58）
辨 dying，die，dead与death
dying
形容词，意为"垂死的；即将死亡的"。
die
不及物动词，意为"死";是非延续性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
雅思阅读the dead sea scrolls 原文
雅思阅读the dead sea scrolls 原文
死海古卷，是20 世纪最重大的考古发现之一，这些古老的卷轴为我们揭示了古代宗教、社会和文化生活的诸多秘密。
接下来，我们将详细探讨死海古卷的发现、内容与价值、争议与解读以及其影响。
首先，我们来了解死海古卷的发现过程。
死海地区位于约旦和巴勒斯坦交界处，由于其独特的地理环境，成为了古代宗教团体寻求避难的理想之地。
1947 年，一个牧童在昆兰地区的一个山洞里意外发现了死海古卷，随后，更多的古卷陆续被发现。
这些古卷的年代可追溯至公元前2 世纪至公元1 世纪，保存了包括圣经在内的诸多古代文献。
死海古卷的内容丰富多样，具有极高的研究价值。
其中最引人注目的当属圣经文本，包括《旧约》中的许多篇章，这些古卷为研究《圣经》的起源和演变提供了宝贵的资料。
此外，古卷中还有一些昆兰社区的生活记录，如法律条文、信件、诗歌等，为我们了解古人的日常生活和信仰提供了难得的视角。
然而，死海古卷的解读过程并非一帆风顺。
学者们就古卷的抄写员归属、古卷与基督教的关系等问题进行了长时间的争论。
此外，古卷中的一些预言内容也引发了人们对现实世界中的种种猜测。
死海古卷的发现和研究对我们认识古代历史和文化产生了深远影响。
古卷的出土使我们对《圣经》有了更为深入的了解，同时也揭示了古代宗教团体的信仰和生活方式。
此外，死海古卷还为现代宗教和文化提供了宝贵的启示，让我们更好地认识到宗教对人类文明发展的贡献。
dead的动词和名词
dead的动词和名词
die是动词，death是名词。
dead，作形容词时意为“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”，作副词时意为“完全地”，作名词时意为“死者”。
adj.死的; 失去生命的; 枯萎的; 不再有人相信或争取; 过时的; 已废弃的; 不流行的;
n.死人; 死者; 死;
adv.完全地; 全然地; 确实地; 非常; 绝对; 极度;
[例句]Her husband's been dead a year now
她的丈夫已经去世一年了。
比较级：deader
最高级：deadest
1．die是终止性动词，表示动作，常用作谓语，含义为“断气”。
如：Pans can't die.
His grandpa died two years ago .
他的祖父两年前死的。
2．dead是形容词，与be动词连用，常用来作定语、表语或补语，表示死的状态。
如：It's dead.
His grandpa has been dead for two years .
他的祖父死了已两年了。
3．death是名词，用来作主语、宾语等。
如：Don't work yourself to death. 不要工作得把你自己累死了
4．另一个相关的词是dying。
dying即是die的现在分词，也是个形容词，不表示“已死”，而表示“濒临垂危”、“要死”之意。
如：I think his grandpa is dying .
我认为他的祖父要死了。
感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
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Gabriel’s thoughts and awakening suggest the living
might be able to free themselves from dull routines and the past. Even snow cannot last forever.
Isolation: Gabriel finding out his wife, Gretta, has kept the most
important event of her life from him (Michael Furey’s devotion); Gabriel realizing his lack of closeness to another human being, lack of intimacy with his wife. Gabriel’s solitude by referring to a better state outside his aunts dinner party (desire for escape). Country divided: incident with Miss Ivors, a deep nationalist and Gabriel being referred to as a West Briton or non-nationalist. Gabriel’s sudden loss of control through inadequate answer to Miss Ivors’ sharp comments about him.
from his numb and cold life. After Gretta’s confession, he feels angry, jealous, and then at peace. Realized he has never experienced Michael’s aching type of true love, but a desire to control Gretta.
point of view · Objective information; characters presented as
they would appear to an outsider; thoughts and actions from the protagonists’ points of view, a sense of what the characters are feeling. tone · The abundance of details about the grim (sad) realities of the city and the focus on hardships create a tragic tone and offer a subtle critique.
Gabriel’s speech depicts the division between the past of the
dead and the present of the living. Betrays himself honoring the past and death, rejecting them and embracing the present. Both ends connected through hospitality at the party.
Routine/paralysis (state of numbness): annual dinner event, same
everything: people, place, dinner speaker, dance, food, Freddy’s drunkenness, horse story
Characters
Gabriel Conroy - The main character of the story. Kate Morkan and Julia Morkan - Elderly sisters who throw a party
before the Feast of Epiphany (Jan 6) Mary Jane Morkan - Niece of Kate and Julia Morkan. Lily - Maid, insulted by Gabriel Conroy when he asks about her love life. Gretta Conroy - Gabriel's wife. Molly Ivors - Colleague of Gabriel's, very patriotic about Ireland. Mr. Browne - Only Protestant guest at the party. Freddy Malins - A drunk and friend of Gabriel’s. Bartell D'Arcy - A famous tenor. Michael Furey - Although only mentioned by Gretta as a boy from her youth, he is nonetheless vital to the climactic epiphany of the work. He is dead when the story takes place.
Main ideas/Symbols
Epiphany: a sudden, intuitive perception of the reality or
essential meaning of something, usually initiated by some simple, homely, or commonplace occurrence or experience. Poverty/class differences: incident with housekeeper Lily; her accent and back answer related to her love life. Gabriel’s solution for conflict through money. Gabriel’s snobbishness assuming his audience might not understand his dinner speech.
Social roles: Gabriel’s restrained behavior, reputation, and family
caretaker: A man of authority and caution. His confidence challenged by encounters with three women.
Message
Gabriel reflects on his own controlled, passionless life; realizes
life is short, and those who experience great passion like Michael Furey, live more fully than people like himself.
The snow suggests a sense of numbness in Gabriel’s
character. He is literally frigid to emotion but so is everybody. The snow does not fall only outside of Gabriel’s window; covers Michael Furey’s grave, those people still living, and the entire country of Ireland. . In other words, everyone, everywhere, is as numb and in frozen paralysis as he is.
The Dead James Joyce
Main ideas Personal views Message
General Facts
full title · Dubliners author · James Joyce type of work · Collection of short stories genre · Realist fiction; urban literature language · English (with some Irish sayings) setting (time and place) · Early 1900s, Dublin, Ireland
date of first publication · 1914
publisher · Grant Richards narrator · Narrated by an anonymous third person who pays
close attention to details though in a detached manner.
The Catholic Church: Pope excluding women from choir, Aunt
Julia’s main life. Aunt Kate complaining but accepting the fact the Pope must be right. Mr. Browne representing the opposite religious side (Protestant). Life and death: story beginning not connected to the title. Story events leading to either dead or alive people: Aunts’ age, Gabriel’s mother’s memories, Uncle Pat, dinner speech, Gretta's confession (story climax).