九年级英语learning about china教案1

Unit 5 Learning about China

一. 教学内容：

Unit 5: Learning about China. Review

二. 重点、难点：

定语从句及单项选择训练

三. 具体内容:

定语从句专讲专练

概念：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句就跟在先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）和关系副词（where, when, why）。

e.g. Did you see the person who/that stole it?

This is the pen which/that he is looking for.

上面两例中的先行词分别是the person与the pen，后面是由关系代词who/that; which/that 引导的定语从句。

2. 关系代词的选择及功能。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, that, which, whom, whose和关系副词where, when, why。它们放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（如主语或宾语）。有关先行词的选择取决于两点：先行词是人还是物；关系代词在从句中做主语还是宾语。具体用法如下：

1）当先行词是人时，关系代词可以用who或that；当先行词是物时，关系代词可用which 或that。

e.g. The film which/that they saw was very interesting.

The boy who/that is sitting in the sun is my brother.

2）当关系代词在句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。

e.g. The man （who, whom, that）they are waiting for comes from Japan.

3）whose 指人或物的所有格。

e.g. Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow?

The classroom whose windows are closed is ours.

4）关系副词when, where, why = 介词+ which

when 表时间，跟在hour, moment, day, month, year, season, time等之后。

e.g. Can you tell me the date when/on which you were born?

where 表地点，跟在place, village ,town, city, home等之后。

e.g. This is the place where/in which I grew up.

why表原因, 在reason（原因）之后。

That’s the reason why she didn’t come to work.

3. 特殊情况

1）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。

e.g. This is the best novel （that ）I have ever read.

2）如果指物的先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，必须用that，不能用which。

不定代词有all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, much, little, every, any, some等。

e.g. I mean the one （that）you talked about just now.

3）当先行词有the only, the very, the last, the same, the first等词修饰时，关系代词必须用that。

e.g. He is the only person（that ）I saw there.

4）关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果介词放在它的前面，只能用which或whom。

e.g. This is the room that/which he lived in two years ago.

=This is the room in which he lived two years ago.

The girl who/whom/that he is talking to is my sister.

=The girl to whom he is talking is my sister.

但有些介词短语的固定词组不能拆开

e.g. The babies who /that the nurse are looking after are healthy.

5）当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词而不是关系代词。

e.g. The girl who has long hair is my daughter.

The trees that were planted by us last year have grown well.

6）当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。

e.g. She is no longer the girl that she wanted to be.

7）当有两个或两个以上分别表人和物的先行词时只能用that

e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

8）以who ,which 开头的疑问句为避免重复，用that

e.g. Who is the girl that is standing at the door.

9）主句是there be 结构,定语从句用that 作关系代词

e.g.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.

10）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

11）当先行词为anyone, everyone, those ,he , she , all, any时，用who

e.g.: I will shoot anyone who moves . It is he who saved me.

【典型例题】

单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广，题量大，潜隐性强。在考查纯语法、词汇的基础上，更增加了在特定的语境中运用词法、句法、惯用法的考查，突出了对同学们综合运用英语语言能力的考查和日常交际用语的考查，即词法、句法、惯用法、语境四大考点。该题型的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。其主要命题特点有以下几种。

1. 考查学生在特定的语言环境中运用语法的能力。从近几年各省市考题看，几乎所有的考题都提供了一个微型语境，让同学们根据讲话人所处的语言环境来选择答案。此类考题，所提供的四个备选答案，不看特定的语境，四个选项往往都可成立，因而有较强的干扰性和迷惑性。