Vocabualry-Nationalities
中国国家机构英文名
如何翻译中国国家机构The National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会The State Central Military Commission中华人民共和国中央军事委员会The Standing Committee of the NPC全国人大常委会The Supreme People's Court最高人民法院The Supreme People's Procuratorate最高人民检察院The State Council国务院General Office of the State Council国务院办公厅Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference中国人民政协全国委员会Organs Composing the State Council国务院组成部门Ministries Agriculture 农业部Civil Affairs民政部Commerce商务部Communications交通部Construction建设部Culture文化部Education教育部Finance财政部Foreign Affairs外交部Health卫生部Information Industry信息产业部Justice司法部Labor and Social Security劳动和社会保障部Land and Resources国土资源部National Defense国防部Personnel人事部Public Security公安部Railways铁道部Science and Technology科技部State Security安全部Supervision监察部Water Resources水利部Commissions National Development and Reform Commission国家发展和改革委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission民族事务委员会State Population and Family Planning Commission中国人口与计划生育委员会State Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission国务院国有资产监督管理委员会Other People's Bank of China中国人民银行National Audit Office国家审计署Organs Directly Under the State Council国务院直属机构General Administration of Customs中国海关总署State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家工商行政管理总局State Environmental Protection Administration国家环境保护总局General Administration of the Civil Aviation of China中国民航总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家广播电影电视总局State General Administration of Sport国家体育总局National Bureau of Statistics国家统计局State Forestry Administration国家林业局Working Organs of the State Council国务院办事机构Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院侨务办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council国务院港澳事务办公室Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制办公室Economic Restructuring Office of the State Council国务院经济体制改革办公室Research Office of the State Council国务院研究室Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室Information Office of the State Council国务院新闻办公室Office of the Leading Group for Western Region Development of the State Council国务院西部开发领导小组办公室State Council Informatization Office国务院信息化工作办公室Administrations and Bureaus Under the Ministries and Commissions of the State Council国务院部委管理的国家局State Bureau for Letters and Calls国家信访局State Administration of Grain国家粮食局State Tobacco Monopoly Administration国家烟草专卖局State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs国家外国专家局State Oceanic Administration国家海洋局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家测绘局State Post Bureau国家邮政局State Administration of Cultural Heritage国家文物局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 国家中医药管理局China Atomic Energy Authority国家原子能机构State Administration of Foreign Exchange中国外汇管理局State Archives Bureau国家档案局National Administration for Protection of State Secrets国家保密局。
新西兰学前课程标准研究——以《编席子：学前课程》为依据
新西兰学前课程标准研究__以《编席子：学前课程》为依据摘要学前教育对人一生的发展具有深远意义。
新西兰学前教育位于世界前列，其学前课程改革尤为显著。
当前，学前教育也是我国教育改革的重点之一，其切实落实需要较为完善的学前课程。
因此，全面研究新西兰学前课程标准，可以为我国学前课程的提升和学前教育的发展提供启示和借鉴。
新西兰当前的学前课程标准是在国际社会不断推进学前教育和新西兰继承和发展毛利文化的国内外背景下、基于新西兰学前教育的总体发展和学前课程存在的问题，由新西兰教育部于2017年发布。
新西兰学前课程标准建立在其儿童观、课程观和课程原则基础上，其中新西兰认为儿童是有自信、有能力的学习者和交流者和独立的个体，学前课程标准应具有开放性、寓意性、包容性，并遵循赋权原则、全面发展原则、家庭和社区原则、关系原则。
新西兰学前课程标准主要由线索、目标、学习成果构成，其中线索包括幸福健康、归属感、贡献、交流、探索，每一条线索均对应相关的目标和学习成果。
新西兰学前课程标准总体上呈现出四大特征，即：课程以科学的儿童观为基础、聚焦核心素养培养，与基础教育课程相衔接、教师扮演多种角色。
我国学前课程经历了三十多年的探索，在取得重要发展的同时也面临着新的问题，借鉴新西兰学前课程标准，我国学前需要提高学前课程实施的整合性、提高学前课程文本的操作性、提高幼儿教师准入标准、推进幼小衔接的落实方面着力。
关键词：新西兰；学前课程标准；编席子；学前课程A Study of New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum Standards— A Case Study of Te Whāriki : Early Childhood CurriculumAbstractEarly childhood education has far-reaching significance for the development of people's life. Early childhood education in New Zealand is at the forefront of the world, and its early childhood curriculum reform is particularly significant. At present, early childhood education is also one of the key points of in China education reform, and its practical implementation requires a relatively complete early childhood curriculum. Therefore, a comprehensive study of New Zealand early childhood curriculum standards can provide inspiration and reference for the promotion of early childhood courses and the development of early childhood education in China.The current of New Zealand's early childhood curriculum standards is under the Domestic and foreign background of international community's continuous advancement of early childhood education and New Zealand's inheritance and development of Maori culture, and based on the overall development of early childhood education in New Zealand and problems those are existing in early childhood curriculum, issued by the New Zealand Ministry of Education in 2017. The New Zealand early childhood curriculum standards built on the foundation of its children concept, curriculum concept and curriculum principles, and among them, the children concept thinks that children are confident and capable learners and communicators, independent individuals. The early childhood curriculum Standards has openness , implied meaning and comprehensiveness; and follow to empowerment principles, comprehensive development principles, family and community principles, and relationship principles. The New Zealand early childhood curriculum Standards consist of goals, and learning outcomes. The clues include happiness, belonging, contribution, communication, and exploration. Every clue corresponds to the goals and learning outcomes. The New Zealand early childhood curriculum standards generally presents four characteristics: the curriculum is based on the scientific concept of children, focusing on core literacy training, connecting with the basic education curriculum, and teachers assume multiple roles.Early childhood curriculum in C hina has experienced more than 30 years of exploration. While achieving important developments, it also faces new problems. Learning from the New Zealand early childhood curriculum standards, early childhood curriculum in China needs todevelop implement integrated early childhood courses, improve the operability of early childhood curriculum texts, and improve Advance standards for kindergarten teachers and efforts to promote the implementation of young connections.Key Words：New Zealand；Early Childhood Curriculum Standards; Te Whāriki；Early Childhood Curriculum目录摘 要 (I)Abstract (II)目 录 (IV)导论 (1)一、问题提出 (1)二、文献综述 (2)三、研究意义 (5)四、研究目的和内容 (5)五、研究思路与方法 (5)六、概念界定 (6)第一章 新西兰学前课程标准的背景 (8)第一节 国际社会对学前教育的推进 (8)一、国际组织对学前教育的关注 (8)二、主要的西方国家学前课程改革 (9)第二节 新西兰学前教育的发展 (10)一、学前教育政策探索 (10)二、学前教育机构的设立 (11)三、学前教育激发儿童潜能 (11)第三节 新西兰学前课程标准的要求 (12)一、课程标准需要与时俱进 (12)二、课程标准需要聚焦核心素养 (12)第二章 新西兰学前课程标准的框架 (14)第一节 学前课程标准的理论基础 (14)一、儿童观 (14)二、课程观 (14)三、课程原则 (15)第二节 学前课程标准的结构 (17)一、课程的组成 (17)二、课程标准各组成之间的关系 (18)第三节 学前课程标准的内容 (19)一、线索 (19)二、目标 (22)三、学习成果 (23)第三章 新西兰学前课程标准的特点 (29)第一节 以科学的儿童观为基础 (29)一、关注儿童发展的阶段性 (29)二、关注儿童发展的差异性 (30)第二节 聚焦核心素养培养 (30)一、核心素养的内涵 (30)二、新西兰学前课程标准中的核心素养 (30)第三节 与基础教育课程相衔接 (31)一、课程标准与基础教育课程的联系 (31)二、五条线索与三个学习领域的链接 (32)第四节 教师扮演多元角色 (36)一、教育环境的创建者 (36)二、主动学习的支持者 (36)三 、教育活动的鼓励者 (37)第五节 关注毛利儿童 (37)一、新西兰对毛利文化的继承和发展 (37)二、兼顾毛利人世界中的儿童观 (38)三、采用两种语言编写课程 (38)第四章 思考和启示 (40)第一节 我国学前课程的现状 (40)一、我国学前课程的发展 (40)二、我国学前课程存在的问题 (40)第二节 新西兰学前课程对我国的启示 (41)一、提高学前课程实施的整合性 (41)二、提高学前课程文本操作性 (42)三、提高幼儿教师准入标准 (42)四、推进幼小衔接的落实 (43)结 语 (45)致谢 (46)参考文献 (47)硕士期间发表的论文 (54)导论一、问题提出（一）学前教育的重要价值经济合作与发展组织（Organi-zation for Economic Co-operation and Development ，简称OECD）在1998-2000年期间对十二个国家进行了相关研究调查，并在2001年斯德尔摩召开的国际会议上发布了一份名为《强势开端：早期教育和保育》的比较研究报告。
国家机构的翻译
国家机构的翻译The National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会The State Central Military Commission 中华人民共和国中央军事委员会The Standing Committee of the NPC 全国人大常委会The Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院The Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院The State Council 国务院General Office of the State Council 国务院办公厅Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政协全国委员会Organs Composing the State Council 国务院组成部门MinistriesAgriculture 农业部Civil Affairs 民政部Commerce 商务部Communications 交通部Construction 建设部Culture 文化部Education 教育部Finance 财政部Foreign Affairs 外交部Health 卫生部Information Industry 信息产业部Justice 司法部Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Land and Resources 国土资源部National Defense 国防部Personnel 人事部Public Security 公安部Railways 铁道部Science and Technology 科技部State Security 安全部Supervision 监察部Water Resources 水利部CommissionsNational Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 民族事务委员会State Population and Family Planning Commission 中国人口与计划生育委员会State Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission国务院国有资产监督管理委员会OtherPeople's Bank of China 中国人民银行National Audit Office 国家审计署Organs Directly Under the State Council 国务院直属机构State Administration of Taxation 国家税务总局State Administration for Industry and Commerce 国家工商行政管理总局State Environmental Protection Administration 国家环境保护总局General Administration of the Civil Aviation of China 中国民航总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television 国家广播电影电视总局State General Administration of Sport 国家体育总局National Bureau of Statistics 国家统计局State Forestry Administration 国家林业局State Drug Administration 国家药品监督管理局State Intellectual Property Office 国家知识产权局National Tourism Administration 国家旅游局State Administration of Religious Affairs 国家宗教事务局Counselors' Office of the State Council 国务院参事室Government Offices Administration of the State Council 国务院机关事务管理局State General Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine国家质量监督检验检疫总局General Administration of Press and Publication 中国新闻出版署National Copyright Administration 国家版权局State Administration for Work Safety (State Administration of Coal Mine Safety)国家安全生产监督管理局 (国家煤矿安全监察局)Institutions Directly Under the State Council 国务院直属事业单位Xinhua News Agency 新华通讯社Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Engineering 中国工程院Development Research Center of the State Council 国务院发展研究中心National School of Administration 国家行政学院China Seismological Bureau 中国地震局China Meteorological Administration 中国气象局China Securities Regulatory Commission 证券监督管理委员会China Insurance Regulatory Commission 中国保险监督管理委员会National Council for Social Security Fund 全国社会保障基金理事会National Natural Science Foundation of China 国家自然科学基金委员会State Electricity Regulatory Commission 国家电力监管委员会China Banking Regulatory Commission 中国银行业监督管理委员会Working Organs of the State Council 国务院办事机构Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院侨务办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院港澳事务办公室Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院法制办公室Economic Restructuring Office of the State Council 国务院经济体制改革办公室Research Office of the State Council 国务院研究室Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council 国务院台湾事务办公室Information Office of the State Council 国务院新闻办公室Office of the Leading Group for Western Region Development of the State Council国务院西部开发领导小组办公室State Council Informatization Office 国务院信息化工作办公室Administrations and Bureaus Under the Ministries and Commissions of the State Council国务院部委管理的国家局State Bureau for Letters and Calls 国家信访局State Administration of Grain 国家粮食局State Tobacco Monopoly Administration 国家烟草专卖局State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs 国家外国专家局State Oceanic Administration 国家海洋局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping 国家测绘局State Post Bureau 国家邮政局State Administration of Cultural Heritage 国家文物局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 国家中医药管理局China Atomic Energy Authority 国家原子能机构State Administration of Foreign Exchange 中国外汇管理局State Archives Bureau 国家档案局National Administration for Protection of State Secrets 国家保密局。
用英语介绍国家册子的作文
用英语介绍国家册子的作文The country booklet, also known as the national passport, is a crucial document that serves as a symbol of national identity and facilitates international travel for citizens. This booklet, issued by the government, not only provides individuals with a means of identification but also grants them the privilege to explore the world beyond their borders. In this essay, I will delve into the significance, features, and the importance of the country booklet, highlighting its role in the global community.Firstly, the country booklet is a tangible representation of one's nationality, serving as a badge of national pride and belonging. Each booklet is uniquely designed, incorporating the country's emblems, colors, and other distinctive elements that reflect its cultural heritage and identity. This visual representation fosters a sense of patriotism and connection to one's homeland, as individuals carry a piece of their country with them wherever they go.Moreover, the country booklet serves as a gateway to international travel, granting its holder the ability to cross borders and explore theworld. The booklet contains essential information, such as the holder's name, date of birth, and a unique identification number, which are recognized by immigration authorities worldwide. This recognition allows for seamless entry and exit procedures, facilitating the movement of individuals across national boundaries.One of the primary functions of the country booklet is to establish the holder's legal identity and citizenship. The booklet serves as an official document that verifies an individual's nationality, providing a recognized form of identification that is accepted by various governmental and non-governmental organizations. This legal recognition is crucial in ensuring the protection of the holder's rights and privileges, both within their home country and during international travel.Moreover, the country booklet plays a significant role in the global economy. As individuals travel for business, tourism, or educational purposes, the booklet becomes an essential tool for facilitating international transactions, accessing banking services, and securing accommodations. The booklet's recognition by various institutions and organizations worldwide enables individuals to navigate the global marketplace with ease, fostering economic growth and cultural exchange.In addition to its practical applications, the country booklet alsoholds symbolic value. It represents the individual's connection to their homeland and the broader global community. When traveling abroad, the booklet serves as a physical manifestation of one's national identity, allowing the holder to proudly display their country of origin and engage in cross-cultural interactions.Furthermore, the country booklet is a crucial tool in maintaining national security and controlling the movement of individuals across borders. Governments utilize advanced security features, such as biometric data, watermarks, and microchips, to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the booklet. These security measures help prevent identity fraud, human trafficking, and other illicit activities, contributing to the overall safety and stability of the global community.The process of obtaining a country booklet varies across different nations, but it typically involves submitting an application, providing supporting documents, and undergoing a verification process. The specific requirements and procedures can be found on the official government websites or through authorized agencies. It is essential for individuals to familiarize themselves with the necessary steps and ensure the timely renewal of their booklet to avoid any disruptions during international travel.In conclusion, the country booklet is a multifaceted document thatplays a pivotal role in the lives of citizens and the global community. It serves as a symbol of national identity, a gateway to international travel, a legal form of identification, and a tool for economic and cultural exchange. The booklet's security features and the recognition it receives worldwide contribute to the overall safety and stability of the global system. As individuals navigate the complexities of the modern world, the country booklet remains a crucial and indispensable tool, connecting them to their homeland and facilitating their exploration of the global landscape.。
中国获得澳大利亚签证英文作文
中国获得澳大利亚签证英文作文China, a country with a rich cultural heritage and a rapidly growing economy, has always been a destination of interest for many travelers around the world. One of the most sought-after destinations for Chinese tourists is the land down under, Australia. In recent years, the relationship between China and Australia has been strengthening, leading to an increased demand for Australian visas among Chinese citizens.The process of obtaining an Australian visa can be a daunting task for many, but for Chinese nationals, the process has become more streamlined and accessible. The Australian government has recognized the importance of the Chinese market and has implemented various initiatives to facilitate the visa application process for Chinese travelers.One of the key factors contributing to the ease of obtaining an Australian visa for Chinese citizens is the introduction of the eVisitor visa. The eVisitor visa is an electronic visa that allows Chinese nationals to visit Australia for up to 3 months for tourism or businesspurposes. This visa is simple to apply for and can be obtained online, making the process more convenient and efficient for Chinese travelers.Another factor that has contributed to the increased accessibility of Australian visas for Chinese citizens is the expansion of the Australian Visa Application Centres (AVACs) in China. These centers provide a one-stop-shop for Chinese nationals to submit their visa applications, biometric data, and supporting documents. The presence of these centers in major Chinese cities has made the visa application process more accessible and has reduced the need for applicants to travel to the Australian embassy or consulate.In addition to the eVisitor visa and the AVACs, the Australian government has also implemented various other initiatives to attract Chinese tourists. One such initiative is the introduction of the China-Australia Approved Destination Status (ADS) scheme. This scheme allows Chinese travel agencies to organize group tours to Australia, making it easier for Chinese travelers to plan and book their trips.Another initiative that has been well-received by Chinese travelers is the introduction of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA). This agreement has led to the reduction of tariffs on various goods and services, making it more affordable for Chinese tourists to travel to Australia and enjoy the country's diverseofferings.The increased accessibility of Australian visas for Chinese citizens has had a significant impact on the tourism industry in Australia. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, China has been the largest source of international visitors to Australia for several years. In 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, over 1.4 million Chinese tourists visited Australia, contributing over $12 billion to the Australian economy.The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, including the flow of Chinese tourists to Australia. The pandemic has led to the implementation of strict travel restrictions and border closures, which have severely affected the ability of Chinese travelers to visit Australia. Despite these challenges, the Australian government has remained committed to maintaining a strong relationship with China and has continued to work on initiatives to facilitate the visa application process for Chinese citizens.One such initiative is the introduction of the Australia-China Tourism Partnership. This partnership aims to strengthen the tourism ties between the two countries and to promote Australia as a premier destination for Chinese travelers. The partnership includes various initiatives, such as the development of targeted marketingcampaigns, the provision of training and support for Chinese travel agents, and the enhancement of the visa application process.In addition to the Australia-China Tourism Partnership, the Australian government has also introduced various other initiatives to support the recovery of the tourism industry, including the provision of financial assistance and the implementation of targeted marketing campaigns. These efforts have been crucial in maintaining Australia's position as a top destination for Chinese travelers and in ensuring that the country remains an attractive and accessible option for Chinese tourists.In conclusion, the increased accessibility of Australian visas for Chinese citizens has been a significant factor in the growth of Chinese tourism to Australia. The implementation of various initiatives, such as the eVistor visa, the expansion of the AVACs, and the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement, has made it easier for Chinese travelers to visit Australia and to enjoy the country's diverse offerings.Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Australian government has remained committed to maintaining a strong relationship with China and has continued to work on initiatives to facilitate the visa application process for Chinese citizens. The Australia-China Tourism Partnership and other recoveryefforts have been crucial in ensuring that Australia remains an attractive and accessible destination for Chinese travelers.As the world continues to navigate the challenges of the pandemic, the relationship between China and Australia is likely to continue to grow and strengthen. With the increased accessibility of Australian visas for Chinese citizens, the future of Chinese tourism to Australia looks bright, and the country is poised to continue to be a top destination for Chinese travelers for years to come.。
关于国家动物的英语作文
关于国家动物的英语作文Here is an English essay about a national animal, with the content being more than 1000 words as requested, without any additional title or unnecessary punctuation marks in the main body.The Majestic Bengal Tiger: A Symbol of National PrideThe Bengal tiger, also known as the Royal Bengal Tiger, is a magnificent feline species that has long been revered as the national animal of India. These awe-inspiring creatures are not only a source of immense pride for the Indian people but also hold immense ecological significance as the apex predators of their habitat. With their striking orange coats, distinctive black stripes, and powerful builds, the Bengal tigers are truly the embodiment of strength, grace, and natural beauty.Beyond their captivating physical appearance, the Bengal tigers play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance of the ecosystems they inhabit. As the top predators, they help to regulate the populations of various prey species, ensuring a healthy and thriving food chain. Their presence in the wild also serves as an indicator of the overall health and biodiversity of the forests they call home. Theconservation of the Bengal tiger is, therefore, not only a matter of national pride but also a vital environmental concern.Unfortunately, the Bengal tiger, like many other iconic species, has faced numerous threats to its survival over the years. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation due to human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and infrastructure development have all contributed to the decline of the Bengal tiger population. Additionally, the illegal poaching of these animals for their valuable body parts, which are highly sought after in traditional Chinese medicine, has further exacerbated the issue.In response to these pressing challenges, the Indian government has implemented a range of conservation measures to protect the Bengal tiger and its habitat. The establishment of national parks and tiger reserves, such as the iconic Sundarbans National Park and the Ranthambore National Park, has been a crucial step in safeguarding the tigers' natural environments. These protected areas not only provide a safe haven for the tigers but also serve as important research and ecotourism hubs, generating much-needed funds for conservation efforts.Furthermore, the Indian government has enacted stringent laws and regulations to combat poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and the subsequent amendmentshave empowered authorities to impose severe penalties on those involved in the poaching and trafficking of tigers and other endangered species. Additionally, the deployment of specialized anti-poaching units and the use of advanced surveillance technologies have helped to enhance the effectiveness of these efforts.The conservation of the Bengal tiger has also garnered significant international attention and support. Organizations such as the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have worked closely with the Indian government and local communities to develop and implement comprehensive conservation strategies. These efforts have included habitat restoration, community-based ecotourism initiatives, and the promotion of sustainable land-use practices.One of the most notable achievements in Bengal tiger conservation has been the impressive increase in their population in recent years. According to the latest tiger census conducted by the Indian government, the population of Bengal tigers has risen from around 1,400 in 2006 to over 2,900 in 2022, a remarkable feat that has instilled a sense of hope and optimism among conservationists and the general public alike.However, the battle to protect the Bengal tiger is far from over.Continued efforts and vigilance are required to address the ongoing threats to their survival, such as habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and the persistent demand for tiger parts in the illegal wildlife trade. The involvement and support of local communities, who often bear the brunt of these challenges, will be crucial in ensuring the long-term viability of the Bengal tiger population.Beyond its ecological significance, the Bengal tiger holds immense cultural and symbolic importance for the people of India. These magnificent creatures have been revered in Indian mythology, art, and literature for centuries, serving as a representation of strength, courage, and the enduring spirit of the nation. The tiger is also the national animal of Bangladesh, further underscoring its significance in the region.In conclusion, the Bengal tiger is a true icon of India's natural heritage, embodying the country's rich biodiversity and the ongoing efforts to protect its most iconic species. Through continued conservation efforts, community engagement, and international cooperation, the future of the Bengal tiger can be secured, ensuring that these majestic felines continue to roam the forests and inspire generations to come. The preservation of the Bengal tiger is not only a matter of national pride but also a testament to humanity's abilityto coexist with nature and safeguard the delicate balance of our shared planet.。
人工智能介绍英文版
AlphaGo Zero (new version of AlphaGo) is like a human beginner, just to understand the rules of the game and the ultimate goal of the game comes from it’s study.
The evolution of robots may be faster
than humans, and their ultimate goal will be
unpredictable.
Hawking
Man, are you ready for AI’s revolution?
Brilliant Facebook for the next 10 years has a grand plan: connect the world, artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality and enhance the reality. Artificial intelligence is at the heart of this plan.
Last month Google Artificial Intelligence Team The DeepMind team has published a paper on the journal Nature, announcing a milestone message that the new AlphaGo can get rid of human’s knowledge.
Ali's data on transportation, energy, water and other infrastructure, will be scattered in all corners of the city data to converge, and then through the super analysis, large-scale calculation, to achieve the overall real-time analysis of the city, so that urban intelligence To run up!
联合国机构 英文
International Court of Justice 国际法院Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 证治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law 国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning 住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board,TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program,UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nation Children's Fund,UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board,INCB 国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization,ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO 联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO 国际民间航空组织World Health Organization,WHO 世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union,ITU 国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization,WMO 世界气象组织Universal Postal Union,UPU 万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO 国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation,IFC 国际金融组织International Monetary Fund,IMF 国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界银行International Development Association,IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers,IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市团体联盟。
国际组织缩写
北大西洋公约组织（north atlantic treaty organization -- nato）总部比利时布鲁塞尔欧洲委员会european communists eu总部法国斯特拉斯堡美洲国家组织(organization of american states -- oas；organizacion de los estados americanos -- oea)总部美国华盛顿国际铁路联盟union internationale des chemins de fer，各国议会联盟（简称“议联”inter－parliamentary union －－ipu）总部瑞士日内瓦伊斯兰会议组织(organization of the islamic conference -- oic) 总部沙特阿拉伯吉达裁军谈判会议(conference on disarmament -- cd)总部瑞士日内瓦阿拉伯国家联盟league of arab states 总部在埃及开罗非洲统一组织（简称“非统组织”，缩写uic，总部法国巴黎石油输出国组织organization of the petroleum exporting countries，opec 总部奥地利维也纳欧洲共同体european communities 总部比利时布鲁塞尔拉丁美洲经济体系latin american economic system，laes总部委内瑞拉加拉加斯国际红十字international committee of the red cross，icrc 总部瑞士日内瓦国际标准化组织international standards organization，iso总部瑞士日内瓦世界贸易组织（简称“世贸组织”，world trade organization -- wto）总部设在瑞士日内瓦莱蒙湖畔世界旅游组织(world tourism organization) 总部设在西班牙首都马德里国际劳工组织(international labor organization -- ilo) 总部设在瑞士日内瓦联合国粮食及农业组织(简称“粮农组织”，food and agriculture organization of the united nations -- fao) 总部设在意大利罗马联合国教育、科学及文化组织(united nations educational，scientific and cultural organization -- unesco) ，总部设在法国巴黎世界卫生组织(简称“世卫组织”，world health organization -- who) 总部设在瑞士日内瓦国际货币基金组织(international monetary fund -- imf) 总部设在华盛顿国际复兴开发银行(international bank for reconstruction and development -- ibrd) 通称“世界银行” (world bank) 总部设在美国华盛顿国际民用航空组织(international civil aviation organization -- icao) 总部设在加拿大的蒙特利尔万国邮政联盟(universal postal union -- upu) 总部设在瑞士首都伯尔尼国际电信联盟(international telecommunication union -- itu) 总部瑞士日内瓦，世界气象组织(world meteorological organization -- wmo) 总部设在瑞士日内瓦国际海事组织(international maritime organization -- imo) 总部设在伦敦世界知识产权组织(world intellectual property organization -- wipo)，总部设在瑞士日内瓦国际农业发展基金(international fund for agriculture development -- ifad) 总部设在罗马联合国工业发展组织(united nations industrial development organization -- unido) 总部设在奥地利维也纳联合国贸易和发展会议(united nations conference on trade and development -- unctad) 总部设在日内瓦联合国儿童基金会(united nations children's fund -- unicef) 总部设在纽约联合国难民事务高级专员公署(office of the united nations high commissioner for refugees -- unhcr) 总部设在日内瓦世界粮食计划署(world food programme -- wfp) 总部设在意大利首都罗马联合国训练研究所(u. n.institute for training and research -- unitar)总部设在纽约联合国开发计划署(united nations development programme -- undp ) 总部设在美国纽约，联合国环境规划署(united nations environment programme -- unep ) 总部设在内罗毕粮食理事会(world food council -- wfc)总部设在罗马联合国人口基金(united nations population fund -- unfpa) 总部设在纽约，国际麻醉品管制署(united nations international drug control programme -- unidcp)，简称“联合国禁毒署，总部设在奥地利维也纳，联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会（简称“亚太经社会”，u.n. economic and social commission for asia and the pacific -- escap）总部设在曼谷联合国非洲经济委员会(u.n. economic commission for africa -- uneca)总部设在亚的斯亚贝巴括号中后半节即为英文缩写。
法律英语复习：中国的公证制度
法律英语复习：中国的公证制度Public notaries are persons accredited by the state to witness civil matters for legal purposes. In the past, public notaries were state offices representing the state in witnessing legal relations in civil matters. State notary offices, at the request of applicants, notarize legal acts and the truthfulness and legality of legal documents and facts in order to protect public property and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of citizens. Since October 1, 2000, the Ministry of Justice has implemented a plan to reform the notary system. Under the new scheme, public notary offices are no longer administrative bodies; rather, they are non-profit entities with a legal-person status that independently conduct notary business to meet market demand and assume full responsibility for their operations. In the future, the state will no longer approve the establishment of public notary offices as administrative bodies. Public notaries will be recruited openly through examinations administered by the Ministry of Justice.Setup of Public Notary OfficesPublic notary offices are set up in municipalities directly under the central government, counties （autonomous counties）, and cities. Subject to approval from judicial authorities of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, districts of cities may also set up public notary offices. All the offices are independent of each other.Each office should have a director and a deputy director who should be notaries themselves.Scope of Business▪ Notarize civil legal acts such as contracts, trusts, wills, gifts, division of property, and adoption of children;▪ Notarize facts that amount to civil legal acts such as birth, death, marriage, divorce, kinship, identity, degree, and experience;▪Notarize documents that amount to civil legal acts such as authenticity of signatures and seals on certificates, consistency of copies of certificates, excerpts, translations and photocopies with the originals;▪ Notarize the enforceability of creditor documents such as repayment agreements and contracts on recovery of debts;▪ Auxiliary business, such as preservation of evidence, maintenance of wills or other documents, drafting notary documents on behalf of clients, notarizing the opening of lottery draws, etc.Validity of ContractsNotarized documents are good for the following four purposes:▪Evidence. Article 67 of the Civil Procedure Law states, “Legal acts, legal facts and documents that have been notarized through legal procedures should be regarded as a basis for establishing facts, except where opposing evidence is sufficient to overrule the notarized documents.”▪ Enforceability. At present, this is limited only to the recovery of debts and goods. Liability documents notarized by public notaries are enforceable; if one party fails to comply, the other party can apply to the local grassroots court that has jurisdiction for enforcement.▪ Legality. This means certain legal acts take effect and become legally binding only after they are notarized. These include adoption of children and marriage registration between Chinese citizens and foreigners.▪ Extraterritoriality. Notarized documents are legally valid outside China. This is an extension of the inherent legal effect of notarized documents abroad. According to international practice, notarized documents sent by Chinese citizens and legal entities for use abroad can take legal effect and be accepted by the host country only after they arecertified by the Chinese Foreign Ministry and Foreign Affairs Offices of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities or foreign embassies or consulates in China.ProceduresPublic notary offices and persons applying for notarization should observe the following procedures:1. Application and Acceptance of ApplicationsExcept for wills and adoption, which require the applicant to go to the public notary office in person, citizens or legal persons can authorize an agent to handle the notarization procedures on their behalf. Applications should be filed with a public notary office that has jurisdiction and an application form should be filled out and be affixed with a signature or seal. Applications should come with other supporting documentation such as ID, letter of authorization, documents to be notarized, property ownership certificates or other materials. The public notary office should make a preliminary decision whether to accept the application or not upon receipt of application documents.2. ReviewAn important link in notarization, public notaries should carefully review the number of applicants, identity, qualifications, capability of civil acts, intentions of applicants and applicable rights. They should also verify whether the acts, facts or documents to be notarized are true and legal, whether the documents to be notarized are complete, whether the wording is accurate, and whether the signature or seal is complete.3. CertificationPublic notaries should produce a public notary certificate for qualified applicants.4. Special ProceduresThese refer to procedures required for special types of publicnotarization, such as tendering and bidding, opening of lottery draws and auction bids. In such cases, public notaries should be at the scene themselves and read a public notary statement regarding what is truthful and legal. Furthermore, they should produce a notary document and deliver it to applicants within seven days of notarization.5. ReconsiderationApplicants who object to decisions given by a public notary office not to accept an application, refuse to notarize or withdraw a public notary document may apply within a specified period of time to the judicial authorities for reconsideration; those who object to the reconsideration decision may file a suit to a court of law within the specified period of time.原文转自：http:///classroom/flyy/。
national culture英语作文
national culture英语作文National culture is the soul of a nation, a unique and irreplaceable treasure. It is the crystallization of a nation's history, traditions, beliefs, values, and way of life. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation.National culture is a precious treasure that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is the accumulation of a nation's wisdom and the crystallization of its spirit. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation.National culture is a unique and irreplaceable treasure. It is the crystallization of a nation's history, traditions, beliefs, values, and way of life. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation.National culture is a precious treasure that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is the accumulation of a nation's wisdom and the crystallization of its spirit. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation.National culture is a unique and irreplaceable treasure. It is the crystallization of a nation's history, traditions, beliefs, values, and way of life. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation.National culture is a precious treasure that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is the accumulation of a nation's wisdom and the crystallization of its spirit. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation.In conclusion, national culture is a precious treasure that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is the accumulation of a nation's wisdom and the crystallization of its spirit. It is the spiritual pillar that supports the survival and development of a nation, and it is the spiritual bond that unites the people of a nation. We should cherish and protect our national culture, and pass it on to future generations.Source: This essay is an original creation and does not have a specific source.。
英语新闻中常见的组织名称缩写
英语新闻中常见的组织名称缩写（听英语新闻必备）(2012-03-28 09:37:01)转载▼标签：青岛启文英语青岛外教口语分类：启文英语-英语学习青岛雅思考试青岛托福培训青岛ssat/satABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行AL Arab League 阿拉伯联盟AGF Asian Games Federation 亚洲运动会联合会AID Agency for International Development 国际开发署APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BIS Bank of InternationalSettlement 国际清算银行CAAC Civil Aviation Administration of China 中国民航总局CBS Columbia Broadcasting System 哥伦比亚广播公司CE Council of Europe 欧洲理事会CIA Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局CIS Commonwealth of the Independent Stales 独立国家联合体（独联体）CNN Cable News Network 有限电视新闻公司（美）CPPCC Chinese People's Political ConsultativeConference 中国人民政治协商会议CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation inEurope 欧洲安全和合作会议（欧安全）EC European Community 欧洲共同体（欧共体）EFTA European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易联盟EU European Union 欧盟FAO Food and Agricultural Organization 粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation 美国）联邦调查局G.7 Group of Seven 西方七国集团GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协议GCC Gulf Cooperation Council 海湾合作委员会IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构ICJ International Court of Justice 国际法院（也称海牙国际法庭）IEA International EnergyAgency 国际能源机构IFJ International Federation ofJournalists 国际新闻工作者联合会ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织INTELAST International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 国际通信卫星组织INTERPOL International Criminal PoliceOrganization 国际刑警组织IOC International OlympicCommittee 国际奥林匹克委员会IRA Irish Republican Army 爱尔兰共和军ITU International TelecommunicationUnion 国际电信联盟KGB Komitet Gossudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti “克格勃”（国际安全委员会）NAFTA Northern American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协会NASA National Aeronautics and Space 国际航空和宇宙航行局NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NHK Japan Broadcasting Corporation 日本广播协会NPC National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会OAS Organization of American States 美洲国家组织OAU Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织OCAS Organization of Central American State 中美洲国家组织OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与民展组织OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Counties 石油输出国组织（欧佩克）PLO Palestine Liberation Organization 巴勒斯坦解放组织UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易和发展会议UNDP United Nations Development Program 联合国开发计划署UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief Office 联合国救灾协调专员办事处UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees联合国难民事务高级专员办事处UNSC United Nations Security Council 联合国安理会UPU Universal Postal Union 万国邮政联盟WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织WMO World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织WWF World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动植物基金会。
诗歌翻译家查良铮研究
Sichuan International Studies UniversityA Study of Zha Liangzheng as a Poetry TranslatorbyLiang YeA thesissubmitted to the Graduate Schoolin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofMaster of ArtsinEnglish Language and Literatureunderthe supervision ofAssociate Professor Gao WeiChongqing, P. R. ChinaJune 2018查良铮既是著名诗人，又是伟大的翻译家。
首先他是位著名的“九叶派诗人”，笔名为穆旦，他的代表作是《探险队》、《穆旦诗集》、《旗》，他结合西欧现代主义与中国诗歌传统，具有独特的穆旦诗歌特色。
之后，由于穆旦诗人身份以及社会环境的变化，他成为一名多产的诗人翻译家。
主要翻译的作品有俄国普希金的《普希金抒情诗选》，英国雪莱的《雪莱抒情诗选》，以及英国拜伦的《唐璜》、《拜伦抒情诗选》等。
他的译著颇多，影响深远。
然而，由于各种原因，作为翻译家的查良铮所受到的关注少于作为诗人的穆旦。
而且诗人穆旦为什么会成为翻译家，这也值得探讨和深究。
因此，对诗歌翻译家查良铮进行系统性的分析和探究很有必要。
本文的主要研究方法是跨学科研究法，结合翻译学和社会心理学理论；其次是传统的文献研究方法，通过阅读和查阅相关书籍获得材料；论文数据从知网和国外网站上获得;本篇论文也采用图表统计法，使之前的研究情况一目了然。
本文的创新点是理论新，从社会认同理论的主身份认同来解释查良铮主身份变化的原因。
本文首先简单介绍背景、目的、意义、研究方法、数据收集以及本文的框架。
其次介绍之前关于诗人穆旦和翻译家查良铮的研究。
澳大利亚留学本科申请材料汇总
【导语】对于⼤部分的⼩伙伴⽽⾔,想要顺利的申请的澳⼤利亚的学校其实是并不容易的,你需要注意的东西是有很多的.那么澳⼤利亚本科留学优势到底如何呢?其留学本科申请材料有哪些呢?其本科申请注意事项⼜有着哪些呢?⽆忧考将会为⼤家⼀⼀的带来介绍,希望能够为你带来⼀些帮助。
澳⼤利亚本科留学优势 世界⼀流教育质量:澳⼤利亚⼤学虽然不多,但是其绝⼤部分⼤学都是公⽴⼤学以保证其教育质量.最新的世界⼤学排⾏榜中,其中8所澳⼤利亚5星⼤学全部进⼊世界百强,其中,澳⼤利亚国⽴⼤学.墨尔本⼤学.新南威尔⼠⼤学.昆⼠兰⼤学.悉尼⼤学更是位于世界前50名之列. ⾼效透明的签证过程:除了传统的纸质签证申请,澳⼤利亚移民与公民事务部(简称DIAC)在中国开通了在线签证申请(eVisa),学⽣签证申请⼈可以通过澳际公司办理,按照要求提交申请材料.在线签证申请不仅提⾼了学⽣签证的申请效率,⽽且缩短了学⽣签证的申请周期. 秀丽迷⼈的⾃然风光:澳⼤利亚绮丽的⾃然风光令⽆数学⽣欣然向往.您可以利⽤假期尽情⼀探澳⼤利亚独特多样的地貌.从洒满阳光的海滩到银装素裹的滑雪场,从植被茂盛的热带⾬林到远古的内陆⽯阵,选择尽在您的掌握之中. 合理低廉的留学费⽤:作为全球⽣活⽔平的国家之⼀,澳⼤利亚与其他许多国家相⽐,其⽣活费⽤和学习费相对低廉.此外,海外学⽣享有在澳⼤利亚每周20⼩时的打⼯时间,可以赚取部分⽣活费.2012年新政实施后,所有赴澳就读本硕博课程的学⽣,在办理签证申请时,已不再需要向移民局提供担保⾦. 物超所值的留学经历:澳⼤利亚拥有世界⼀流的教学质量,科学灵活的教学体系,完善健全的权益保障,经济合理的留学费⽤,秀丽迷⼈的⾃然风光.留学好⽐是⼀项长期投资,并不⼀定⾮要选择最贵或的,⽽是要选择最适合⾃⼰.性价⽐的.留学澳⼤利亚,给你⼀次物超所值的留学经历. 完善健全的权益保障:澳⼤利亚专门制定了相关法律,旨在为海外学⽣提供优质的教育服务,并保障其消费者权利,上述法律统称为海外学⽣教育服务法律体系(简称ESOS).它明确规定澳⼤利亚学校对招收海外学⽣的职能和职责,切实保护持学⽣签证在澳⼤利亚留学的海外学⽣. 国际公认的学历学位:澳⼤利亚的教育体系享有极⾼的国际声誉,并以其有效的教育体系和创新政策闻名于世.⽬前,共有来⾃190多个国家和地区的约37万名海外学⽣持学⽣签证在澳⼤利亚求学.澳⼤利亚所颁发的学历学位使毕业⽣在国际和国内就业市场上备受雇主推崇. 科学灵活的课程设置:持有学⽣签证在澳⼤利亚求学的海外学⽣所就读的课程,涵盖于澳⼤利亚学历资格框架(简称AQF)之下.该框架是由澳⼤利亚政府批准的全国性的学历资格评定框架,衔接全国的不同课程和学历资格.学⽣可以在不同层次的学习和不同院校间⽅便地转换,以往学习所获学分得到承认. 最适合移民的国家:在2010年,全球⽣活品质排⾏榜中,澳洲名列第⼆,成为最适于居住的国家之⼀.澳⼤利亚包容和谐的多元⽂化,⼀直深受移民者的青睐.由于其移民国家的特质,社会⽂化中并不存在种族歧视,各种肤⾊的⼈在这⾥和谐共处. 安宁祥和的⽣活环境:澳⼤利亚的低犯罪率和严格的*管理法可以确保海外学⽣享有⼀个安全的学习和旅游环境.澳⼤利亚环境舒适.安宁,学⽣可以安⼼学习并可⾃由旅⾏.作为享有世界⽔平的国家之⼀,澳⼤利亚拥有现代化的交通运输系统,便捷的通讯以及⼀流的健康医疗服务. 澳⼤利亚留学本科申请材料 申请材料 1.学校申请费. 2.在校成绩单(没毕业的需要在读证明,⼯作的要⼯作证明). 3.⼤学毕业证.学位证(必须是公证件). 4.PS和推荐信. 5.个⼈在⾼中和⼤学期间所获得奖项的复印件. 6.⾃⼰的英⽂成绩(IELTS,TOEFL成绩).如果没有语⾔成绩,申请时可先不提供. 7.对专业选择的个⼈说明(即读书计划,可包括在PS⾥). 申请表的填写(⼿写或在线填写) 1.清晰打印或复印各⼤学最新版的申请表,并完整填写申请表中要求申请⼈填写的各项信息,尽量请申请⼈本⼈签名. 2.明确学⽣申请的课程和⼊学时间,是提前与学⽣将学习计划确定好,以免出错. 3.如语⾔成绩未考,请在"语⾔成绩"处填写将要考试的时间. 澳⼤利亚留学本科申请注意事项 准备适合申请院校的申请材料 由于澳洲⼤学每个学校都有⾃⼰不同的申请条件，所以在确⽴好学校之后，要根据学校的要求来准备申请材料，因为申请学校成功与否，很⼤的原因取决于你的申请材料。