大学生英语易错录1

Abandon
1、那个男人无耻地遗弃了妻儿，另寻新欢。

误：The man shamelessly abandoned his wife and child to another woman.
解：根据所给的中文句子，此句应译为The man shamelessly abandon his wife and child for another woman.此句应将abandon…to…结构改为abandon…for…结构。

虽然两种结构均表示“放弃某物（某人）”，但abandon sb.(sth.) for 强调是主动为了某人或某物而放弃另一物。

又如：In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.他早年弃医从文。

而abandon sth.(sb.) to 则通常指被动地放弃某物或某人而被另一物取代。

如：they abandoned their city to invaders.他们丢下城市任入侵者占领。

2、水手们恣意酗酒。

误：The sailors abandoned to drink wine.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为:The sailors abandoned themselves to drinking wine. Abandon 为及物动词，其后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式，abandon doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”。

此句中abandon oneself to doing sth.意为“沉溺于，纵情自己做…，陷入”，其后to为介词。

Abuse
据透露，一些政府领导人员滥用职权为自己谋取非法利益。

误：it has been revealed that some government leaders abuse of their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: it has been revealed that some government leaders abuse their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.（CET-4，1996年6月）abuse用作动词时，其后可接介词of表示“对…的滥用”。

如：the abuse of one’s power滥用手中权力；用作动词时，它是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。

Accompany
1、他陪他母亲去看国际贸易交流会。

误：he accompanied with his mother to go to the International Commodities Fair.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: he accompanied with his mother to the International Commodities Fair.首先，accompany是及物动词，表示“陪同，陪伴”,其后直接跟宾语，不加
with；其次，accompany本身就含有go with sb.的意思，若其后再用to go to,语义就重复了。

2、那位歌手是在钢琴伴奏下演唱的。

误：the singer was accompanied by a piano.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the singer was accompanied on a piano. accompany后接介词by时，表示“由…陪同“，而用on才指”用…伴奏”。

Accuse
这名士兵指控在敌人进攻是逃跑了。

误：the soldier was accused for running away when the enemy attacked.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.（CET-4,1997年6月）表达“因某事谴责或控告某人”用accuse sb. of sth.句型，其后的介词of不能用for，with等替代、但在表示“指控某人是…”时，英语却要用a ccuse sb. as…。

如：he was accused as an accomplice.他被指控为同犯。

Acquire Gain
个人对各种情景作出反应的许多习惯性方式是通过学习获得的。

误：it’s though learning that the individual gains（earns）many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: it’s though learning that the indiv idual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.（CET-6，1998年6月）acquire，gain和earn均可表示“获得”，但acquire多指通过自己不段的努力或经过一个漫长的过程而获得某种知识、技能、名声等；gain着重指赚到对自己有利的东西，常隐含通过巨大的努力才获得，常译为“赢得”。

如：you have nothing to gain by refusing to listen to our advice.(CET-4,1998年1月)如果你拒绝听取我们的建议的话将会一无所有。

Earn一般指通过努力而获得报酬或荣誉。

Allow
1、兼职及弹性工作方式加上培训与在培训计划的推广，让更多的妇女能够享有就业机会。

误：the growth of part-time and flexible working patterns，and of training and retaining schemes，allows more women taking advantage of employment opportunities.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the growth of part-time and flexible working patterns，and
of training and retaining schemes，allows more women take advantage of employment opportunities.（CET-4，2000年6月）allow之后可直接解动名词作宾语，而不用不定时。

如：we don’t allow smoking here.此地不允许抽烟。

但如要表示“允许某人做某事”，则必须用不定式的复式结构，即allow sb. to do sth.结构。

2、这些事实只有一种解释。

误：these facts allow for only one explanation.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: these facts allow of only one explanation.allow for 意为“考虑到，体谅”。

如：allowing for the train being late，we should be back by 10:30.考虑到火车可能晚点，我们10:30应该可以回来了。

只有allow of才有“容许，对…留有余地”的意思。

Appeal
政府要求人们节约用水。

误：the government appealed everyone to save water.
解:根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the government appealed to everyone to save water.appeal作“强烈要求，呼吁，恳求”讲时，是不及物动词，若后需接宾语，通常借助介词to，其结构为appeal to sb.for sth.(向某人请求要得到某物)；appeal sb. to do sth. （恳请或呼吁某人做某事）；此外，appeal作“有吸引力、感染力；诉诸”讲时，亦是不及物动词，均要与to连用，且不能使用被动语态。

如：the picturesque scenery of the mountains appeal to the tourists. 游客们被如画的风景迷住了。

Apply
你护照申请了吗？
误：have you applied to a passport?
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: have you applied for a passport?apply作“申请”讲时，是不及物动词，常用句型有：apply for sth..(申请得到某物)，apply to sb.(向某人申请)，apply to sb. for sth.(向某人申请得到某物)；作“适用”讲时，apply与to结构固定搭配;作“运用，应用”讲时，常用于apply sth. to sth. 结构中，其中to均为介词。

短语apply oneself to（专心于，致力于）中的to亦为介词。

Approve
部长批准了这个方案。

误：the minister approved of the project.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the minister approved the project.作“批准，通过”解时，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语；作“赞成，支持”讲时，为不及物动词，应与介词of连用，方可接宾语。

如：I can’t support a policy of which I have never approved.我不能支持一项我不赞成的政策。

Be about to do Be to do
电影正要放映，忽然警报响了。

误：the film was to begin when a siren sounded.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the film was about to begin when a siren sounded. Be about to do 表示“正要做某事（be on the point of doing）”,其不定式所表示的行为即刻就要发生，不能被任何时间状语修饰。

如：the student was just to give up the question when suddenly he found the answer.(CET-4,1995年6月)那个学生正要放弃这个问题，突然找到了解答。

Be to do 表示根据既定安排而必须做某事，也可表示命令、禁止等，可待时间状语。

如：Sir Denis, who is 78,has made it known that much of his collection is to be left to the nation.(CET-4,1996年6月)78岁的丹尼斯爵士已宣布将把他的许多收藏品献给国家。

Become
他们调查那条失踪的船的下落。

误：they investigated what had become to the missing ship.
解: 根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: they investigated what had becomeof the missing ship. Become of为固定搭配，意为“…怎么样，发生，使遭遇”，常指不好的事，没有become to这一说法。

Behave
如果孩子们不守规就不让他们跟我们去。

误：the children will not be allow to come with us if they don’t behave themselves well.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: the children will not be allow to come with us if they don’t behave themselves（或behave well）。

Blame
他责备我粗心大意。

误：he blamed me that I was careless.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: he blamed me that for being careless. Blame后不可接从句，但可以说blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 意为“因某事责备某人”。

又如：the mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.(CET-4,2002年1月)母亲不知道到底谁打破了玻璃该受责备。

Blame另有固定搭配blame sth. on sb.(把…归咎于…,因…而责备…)。

如：Don’t blame your failure on others.相当于Don’t blame others your failure.不要把自己的失败怪罪于他人。

Board
1、所有乘客都以上了火车。

误：all passengers have boarded on the train.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: all passengers have boarded the train. Board是及物动词，表示get on or into,所以在它后面再加介词to是多余的。

2、他刚上火车。

误：he went on board in the train just now.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: he went on board the train just now. on board 意为“在（飞机或车）上，搭乘”，本身也可作介词，后直接接交通工具。

如：on board a ship(a plane, a train)在轮船（飞机上，火车）上。

此外on board还可用形容词和副词。

如：as soon an I am on board,I always feel sick.我一上船就想吐。

All the students have gone on board.所有的学生都上车（船）了。

Book in
我已为你在美琪大饭店定了房间。

误：I’ve booked you in the Majestic Hotel.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: I’ve booked you in at the Majestic Hotel. Book in 为动词
短语，意为“为…预定，为…办理登记手续”，其中in为副词，其后若还有地点状语应加上相应的介词。

Build Build up
我们在建设祖国的事业中取得巨大的成就。

误：we have achieved great successes in the cause of building our country.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: we have achieved great successes in the cause of building our country. build一般指“建造，建筑”具体的建筑物;build up指“逐步形成，建立或积累”某种抽象的东西。

Burst out Burst into
当他发言时，人们爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。

误：when he took the floor, the gathering burst out thunderous applause.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: when he took the floor, the gathering burst into thunderous applause. Burst out, burst into都有“突然发生，爆发”的含义，但前者强调一个动作的突然发生，因此后面多接动名词，如crying，laughing，singing等。

Burst into强调突然进入某种状态，所以后面应接名词，如tears，laughter，applause等。

此外burst out还可表示“(战争疾病的)突然发生”;burst into还有“闯入，进入”之意。

Catch on
我们最后明白了他在说什么。

误：at last we caught on what he was saying.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: at last we caught on to what he was saying. catch on意为“流行起来，懂得，理解”，是不及物动词短语，须接介词to之后才能跟宾语。

Catch on也可单独使用。

如：John said that he didn’t quite catch on and asked me to repeat what I had said.(CET-4,1999年1月)约翰说他听不太懂，让我重复一遍我说的话。

Challenge
他挑战我，要和我进行乒乓球比赛。

误：he challenged me with a game of table tennis.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: he challenged me to a game of table tennis.表示“向…提出挑战做…”，一般用challenge作名词时，同样要用带to的不定，式作后置定语。

如：I accepted his challenge to swim across the river.我接受了他的挑战，比赛游过河去。

Charge Accuse
警察指控司机开车超速。

误：The police charged the driver of speeding.
解：根据所给中文句子，此句应译为: The police charged the driver with speeding.
或The police accused the driver of speeding. charge多于with连用，可以指因小过错受到谴责，亦可指严重的罪过，并在当前据面前正式控告。

Accuse与of连用，指当面指控被控者，但未必诉诸有关当局。