SanDisk SD Card Product Family
sd卡、emmc卡、sdhc、sdio接口、nand等简略说明
简要总结2017-5-17xdk1.Sim卡和sd/sdio/sdhc什么的不一样,只有复位、电源、时钟、一根数据线。
看手机版设计,vcc电压是lte模组出来供电,且会1.8V 3.3V切换。
VPP悬空处理即可,不需要编程。
2.Nand接口和sdio/sdhc什么的也不是一种口。
Nand属于localbus总线,一般和nor共用(虽然和sdhc口一样有8位双向信号线)。
Nand主要就是we/oe/ce/ale/cle/8位命令地址数据线。
3.Sd(Secure Digital Card)卡最大支持2GB容量(据说由MMC演变未来),4bit数据线。
还有clk/cmd信号,cmd用来区分命令还是数据。
文件系统fat12/16.4.sdhc("Secure Digital High Capacity高容量sd存储卡),支持2GB~32GB容量范围;和sd相比,8bit数据位。
Sdhc可以向下兼容sd卡(sd2.0以后的版本,老的不兼容)。
文件系统fat32。
5.sdxc(SD eXtended Capacity),容量更大目前可达64GB,理论上2TB,传输速度更快(300MB/s),exFAT文件系统.支持UHS104(新的超高速sd接口规格)6.sdio就是支持sd卡的接口,同时还外延了,支持其他支持sdio接口的设备,如蓝牙、网卡、电视卡等(见下文网络copy,具体工作模式没看透,支持spi、data1作为中断?暂时不影响我画图)。
7.sdhc接口,可以接sdhc卡,emmc卡。
8.eMMC(Embedded Multi Media Card)是由MMC协会(MultiMediaCard Association,2008年已并入JEDEC)提出的内置存储标准,主要针对手机和平板等移动设备设立。
在最新的eMMC5.1标准中存取带宽已经提升到600MB/s9.UFS(Universal Flash Storage)的出现比eMMC要晚一些。
FLASH命名规则
FLASH命名规则今天找三星闪存资料,发现了他的命名规则,发上来与⼤家分享下.三星的pure nand flash(就是不带其他模块只是nand flash存储芯⽚)的命名规则如下:1. Memory (K)2. NAND Flash : 93. Small Classification(SLC : Single Level Cell, MLC : Multi Level Cell,SM : SmartMedia, S/B : Small Block)1 : SLC 1 Chip XD Card2 : SLC 2 Chip XD Card4 : SLC 4 Chip XD CardA : SLC + Muxed I/ F ChipB : Muxed I/ F ChipD : SLC Dual SME : SLC DUAL (S/ B)F : SLC NormalG : MLC NormalH : MLC QDPJ : Non-Muxed OneNandK : SLC Die StackL : MLC DDPM : MLC DSPN : SLC DSPQ : 4CHIP SMR : SLC 4DIE STACK (S/ B)S : SLC Single SMT : SLC SINGLE (S/ B)U : 2 STACK MSPV : 4 STACK MSPW : SLC 4 Die Stack4~5. Density(注:实际单位应该是bit,⽽不是Byte)16 : 16M28 : 128M32 : 32M40 : 4M56 : 256M64 : 64M80 : 8M1G : 1G2G : 2G4G : 4G8G : 8GAG : 16GBG : 32GCG : 64GDG : 128G00 : NONE6~7. organization00 : NONE08 : x816 : x168. VccA : 1.65V~3.6VB : 2.7V (2.5V~2.9V)C : 5.0V (4.5V~5.5V)D : 2.65V (2.4V ~ 2.9V)E : 2.3V~3.6VR : 1.8V (1.65V~1.95V)Q : 1.8V (1.7V ~ 1.95V)T : 2.4V~3.0VU : 2.7V~3.6VV : 3.3V (3.0V~3.6V)W : 2.7V~5.5V, 3.0V~5.5V 0 : NONE9. Mode1 : Dual nCE & Dual R/ nB4 : Quad nCE & Single R/ nB5 : Quad nCE & Quad R/ nB9 : 1st block OTPA : Mask Option 1L : Low grade10. GenerationM : 1st GenerationA : 2nd GenerationB : 3rd GenerationC : 4th GenerationD : 5th Generation11. "─"12. PackageA : COBB : TBGAC : CHIP BIZD : 63-TBGAE : TSOP1 (Lead-Free, 1217)F : WSOP (Lead-Free)G : FBGAH : TBGA (Lead-Free)I : ULGA (Lead-Free)J : FBGA (Lead-Free)K : TSOP1 (1217)L : LGAM : TLGAN : TLGA2P : TSOP1 (Lead-Free)Q : TSOP2 (Lead-Free)R : TSOP2-RS : SMART MEDIAT : TSOP2U : COB (MMC)W : WAFERY : TSOP113. TempC : CommercialI : IndustrialS : SmartMediaB : SmartMedia BLUE0 : NONE (Containing Wafer, CHIP, BIZ, Exceptionhandling code)3 : Wafer Level 314. Bad BlockA : Apple Bad BlockB : Include Bad BlockD : Daisychain SampleK : Sandisk BinL : 1~5 Bad BlockN : ini. 0 blk, add. 10 blkS : All Good Block0 : NONE (Containing Wafer, CHIP, BIZ, Exceptionhandling code)15. NAND-Reserved0 : Reserved16. Packing Type- Common to all products, except of Mask ROM- Divided into TAPE & REEL(In Mask ROM, divided into TRAY, AMMO Packing Separately)K9GAG08U0M 详细信息如下:1. Memory (K)2. NAND Flash : 93. Small Classification(SLC : Single Level Cell, MLC : Multi Level Cell,SM : SmartMedia, S/B : Small Block)AG : 16G (Note: 这⾥单位是bit⽽不是byte,因此实际⼤⼩是16Gb=2GB)6. Technology0 : Normal (x8)7. Organization0 : NONE 8 : x88. VccU : 2.7V~3.6V9. Mode0 : Normal10. GenerationM : 1st Generation11. "─"12. PackageP : TSOP1 (Lead-Free)13. TempC : Commercial14. Customer Bad BlockB : Include Bad Block15. Pre-Program Version0 : None整体描述就是:K9GAG08U0M是,三星的MLC Nand Flash,⼯作电压为2.7V~3.6V,x8(即I/O 是8位),⼤⼩是2GB(16Gb),TSOP1封装。
常用存储卡的区别:SD卡MMC卡CF卡SDHC卡
CF卡:
CF卡(Compact Flash)是1994年由SanDisk最先推出的。CF卡具有PCMCIA-ATA功能,并与之兼容;CF卡重量只有14g,仅纸板火柴般大小(43mm x 36m x m3.3mm),是一种固态产品,也就是工作时没有运动部件。
MMC卡:
SM卡:
SM(Smart Media)卡是由东芝公司在1995年11月发布的Flash Memory存贮卡,三星公司在1996年购买了生产和销售许可,这两家公司成为主要的SM卡厂商 SM卡的尺寸为37mm×45mm×0.76mm(图1),由于SM卡本身没有控制电路,而且由塑胶制成(被分成了许多薄片),因此SM卡的体积小非常轻薄
★一: 什么叫闪存卡
在过去,人们照相要使用胶卷,听歌要有磁带,录相要用录相带,存储文件使用磁盘,科技的发展,尤其是数码产品的发展,促使闪存卡的诞生。目前闪存卡的应用领域范围广泛,使得闪存卡迅猛发展,现在照相存储照片,录相存储视频,听歌存储音乐,及其它数据都可由闪存卡来代替。
五:闪存卡的技术及参数
传输速率:一般按倍速来算。x 1x为150KB现市面上出现了很多60X、80X的高速卡, 倍速越高速度越快。
读速度和写速度:指对闪存的读操作和写操作,这个速度会根据闪存卡的控制芯片来决定是多少速的闪存卡,读速度和写速度都会不一样。
控制芯片:主要提供卓越的功能,强化您的记忆卡效能。高速的传输速率( 传输速度),优良的兼容性,让您的储存资料万无一失(安全性)。
这么说来,所有大于2G容量的SD卡实际上都必须符合SDHC规范,且至少符合Class 2的速度等级,并且在卡片上明确标有SDHC标志和速度等级标志。在市场上有一些品牌提供的4GB或更高容量的SD卡并不符合以上条件,例如缺少SDHC标志或速度等级标志,这些存储卡不能被称为SDHC卡,严格说来它们是不被SD协会所认可的,这类卡在使用中很可能出现与设备的兼容性问题。
关于读卡器
旋转式多功能USB读卡器V505B旋转式多功能USB读卡器V505B:1.可快速读写下列多种类型卡:1).Mini SD Card(需要卡套)、2).Micro SD(T-Flash) 、3).Secure Digital Card、4).Multimedia Card、5).Multimedia Card Plus(MMC) 、6).RS-MMC(MMC Mobile) 、7).MMC Card4.0、8).RS-MMC4.0(MMC Mobile4.0)9).MMC micro、10).MS/MS DUO/MS PRO DUO、11).GSM(SIM/UIM)Card(配光盘软件)。
2.产品尺寸:9.0X3.2X1.2CM,包装方式:吸塑+彩卡,3.外箱尺寸:56X37.5X34CM,装箱数量:160个,净重:9.0KG,毛重:9.5KG================================================================================ Sandisk/闪迪189读卡器晟碟多合一万能读卡器摄影师特荐∙淘宝价:179.00元∙掌柜名称:lunzi942∙卖家信用:∙ 所在地区:上海上海∙ 宝贝运费:平邮:6.00元快递:6.00元EMS :15.00元 ∙ 库存数量:10件∙ 上架时间:2010-11-27 06:51:14 ∙ 下架时间:2010-12-04 06:51:14∙ 品牌:Sandisk/晟碟 ∙ 读卡器型号:SDDR-189 ∙ 读卡器功能:13及以上合1 ∙ 读卡器接口类型:USB 接口读卡器 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:CF 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:MD 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:MS 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:MS-PRO 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:MS-DUO 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:SD 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:MMC 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:Mini-SD 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:RS-MMC 卡 ∙适用的闪存卡类型:T-Flash 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:SMCards 卡 ∙ 适用的闪存卡类型:其它卡 ∙读卡器速度:USB2.0松下原装SDHC2GB 存储卡(CLASS4)sandisk SD 4GB 存储卡深圳市宝安区西乡中德电子厂digital mp3 player [ TF储存卡] T-flash卡读卡器是什么东西,怎么用?最佳答案读卡器简介读卡器(Reader)是一种专用设备。
记忆卡、内存卡种类及特点
前手机上使用的记忆卡有:CF、MMC、SD、MINI-SD、RS-MMC、T-Flash、MS、MS PRO、MSDuo九种。
下面我们了解一下这几种卡的规格。
CF卡即CompactFlash,一种袖珍闪存卡(尺寸为43mm*36mm*3.3mm),存储文件的速度比较快、存储容量适中,能耗低,在中、高档数字照相机上应用比较多。
CF存储卡的部分结构采用强化玻璃及金属外壳,CF存储卡采用StandardATA/IDE接口界面,配备有专门的PCM-CIA适配器(转接卡),笔记本电脑的用户可直接在PCMCIA插槽上使用,使数据很容易在数码相机与电脑之间传递。
目前最高容量可以达到8G。
MMC卡即MultiMediaCard。
由西门子公司和首推CF的SanDisk于1997年推出。
1998年1月十四家公司联合成立了MMC协会(MultiMediaCardAssociation简称MMCA),现在已经有超过84个成员。
MMC的发展目标主要是针对数码影像、音乐、手机、PDA、电子书、玩具等产品,尺寸只有32mm x 24mm x 1.4mm,只有1.5克。
MMC也是把存贮单元和控制器一同做到了卡上,智能的控制器使得MMC保证兼容性和灵活性。
MMC存贮卡可以分为MMC和SPI两种工作模式,MMC模式是标准的默认模式,具有MMC的全部特性。
而SPI模式则是MMC存贮卡可选的第二种模式,这个模式是MMC协议的一个子集,主要用于只需要小数量的卡(通常是1个)和低数据传输率(和MMC协议相比)的系统,这个模式可以把设计花费减到最小,但性能就不如MMC。
MMC被设计作为一种低成本的数据平台和通讯介质,它的接口设计非常简单:只有7针!接口成本低于0.5美元。
在接口中,电源供应是3针,而数据操作只用3针的串行总线即可(SPI模式再加上1针用于选择芯片)。
MMC的操作电压为2.7伏到3.6伏,写/读电流只有27mA和23mA,功耗很低。
SD
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SD Initialization and Identification mode
在初始化過程clk的頻率範圍是100KHz - 400KHz. 在進行bus speed mode 的switch時,會同時調整clk 頻率.
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1.8V Voltage switch
SDR25/50/104,DDR50 Host Switch SDCLK Frequency
The card enters SDR12
Determine sampling point
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Switch function
CMD6 是用來切換或擴展SD 的function的CMD.目前定義了以下4組 function.
Response format:
R1 (normal response command) R2 (CID, CSD register) R3 (OCR register) reserved R6 (Published RCA response) R7 (Card interface condition)
Signal block write(CMD42)
Multiple Block Write
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小結
目前我們使用到的chipset及IC support SD版本如下:
Intel Haswell / Boardwell 使用 Realtek card reader.
SD Card 標識簡介
I: 表示支持Ultra High Speed-I 接口 SD3.0協議新增定義 II:表示支持Ultra High Speed-II 接口 SD4.0協議新增定義
SANDISK存储卡产品知识
插卡手机话题不断
Music Video Photo
在手机拥有音乐、影像、 在手机拥有音乐、影像、照片三大功能下 闪存卡的地位更为关键
Music Photo
Video
JIT系统介绍 系统介绍
• 宏衢行货辨别真伪要件-里外联防 宏衢行货辨别真伪要件-
谢谢! 谢谢
宏衢(上海)贸易有限公司 市场部 2006.07.10
SanDisk手机闪存卡系列 手机闪存卡系列
• 产品种类: 产品种类:
– miniSD + 转接卡(Adapter): • 容量:256MB / 512MB / 1GB / 2GB • 特性:搭配转接卡之后,适用于附SD卡槽的数码产品上 – microSD (TransFlash) + 转接卡(Adapter) • 容量:256MB / 512MB / 1GB • 特性:搭配转接卡之后,适用于附SD卡槽的数码产品上 – RS-MMC + 转接卡(Adapter) • 容量:256MB / 512MB • 特性:搭配转接卡之后,适用于附MMC槽的数码产品上 – MMC mobile + 转接卡(Adapter) • 容量:512MB / 1GB • 特性:双电压(1.8V/3.3V)的设计,搭配转接卡之后, 适用于MMC槽的数字产品上 – MS PRO Duo + 转接卡(Adapter) • 容量:256MB / 512MB / 1GB / 2GB • 特性:搭配转接卡之后,适用于附MS PRO卡槽的数码产品上 – Memory Stick Micro (M2) + 转接卡(Adapter) • 容量:256MB / 512MB / 1GB • 特性:搭配转接卡之后,适用于附MS PRO卡槽的数码产品上
sandisk TF卡级别
按照 SDA协会阐述的,Class是用来描述最Байду номын сангаас连续传输速度的标记。
CLASS 2是连续传输速度在2M/S以上,
CLASS 4是连续传输速度在4M/S以上,
CLASS 6是连续传输速度在6M/S以上。
CLASS 10是连续传输速度在10M/S以上。
目前最高的是CLASS10理论上来说,CLASS 4只要读写速度不低于4M都是正常的,读卡速度和电脑、系统、卡都有关联,
SDXC的传输速度定义了50MB/s、104MB/s和300MB/s三种.
SD2.0的规范中对于SD卡的性能上分为如下4个等级,不同等级能分别满足不同的应用要求:
Class 0:包括低于Class 2和未标注Speed Class的情况;
Class 2:能满足观看普通MPEG4 MPEG2 的电影、SDTV、数码摄像机拍摄;
Class 4:可以流畅播放高清电视(HDTV),数码相机连拍等需求;
Class 6:满足单反相机连拍和专业设备的使用要求;
Ultra / Extreme /Extreme Pro的速度等级不同,
Ultra 高速卡,二代卡,速度是150X,传输速度在10M/S,五年保
Extreme极速卡,三代卡,速度是200X,传输速度在30M/S,终身固保
SD:
采用FAT16文件系统
SDHC:
High Capacity SD Memory Card,容量2GB-32GB,采用FAT32 文件系统.至少需符合Class 2的速度等级,并且在卡片上必须有SDHC标志和速度等级标志
SDXC:
SD卡和TF卡简介
SD卡和TF卡简介TF卡全名:TransFLash,原名Micro SD Card。
由摩托罗拉与SANDISK共同研发,在2004年推出。
是一种超小型卡(11*15* 1MM),约为SD卡的1/4,可以算目前最小的储存卡了。
TF卡可经SD卡转换器后,当SD卡使用。
利用适配器可以在使用SD作为存储介质的设备上使用。
TransFlash 主要是为照相手机拍摄大幅图像以及能够下载较大的视频片段而开发研制的。
Trans Flash卡可以用来储存个人数据,例如数字照片、MP3、游戏及用于手机的应用和个人数据等,还内设置版权保护管理系统,让下载的音乐、影像及游戏受保护;未来推出的新型TransFlash还备有加密功能,保护个人数据、财政纪录及健康医疗文件。
体积小巧的TransFlash让制造商无须顾虑电话体积即可采用此设计,而另一项弹性运用是可以让供货商在交货前随时按客户不同需求做替换,这个优点是嵌入式闪存所没有的。
TF卡引脚定义:TF卡(SD模式):1-data2,2-data3,3-cmd,4-vdd,5-clk,6-vss,7-data0,8-data1TF卡(SPI模式):1-rsv,2-cs,3-di,4-vdd,5-sclk,6-vss,7-do,8-rsvSD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card)安全数码卡,是一种基于半导体快闪记忆器的新一代记忆设备,它被广泛地于便携式装置上使用,例如数码相机、个人数码助理(外语缩写PDA)和多媒体播放器等。
SD卡是一种基于半导体闪存工艺的存储卡,1999年由日本松下主导概念,参与者东芝和美国SanDisk 公司进行实质研发而完成。
2000年这几家公司发起成立了SD协会(Secure Digital Association 简称SDA),阵容强大,吸引了大量厂商参加。
其中包括IBM,Microsoft,Motorola,NEC、Samsung等。
内存条与闪存卡
内存条与闪存卡发表时间:2004-10-30目前工作在数字、通讯、网络、摄录像音等的设备,如PC机、打印机、服务器、小型机、工业机、图形工作站、路由器、主板、显卡、手机、掌中机、商务通、数码相机、DV中均不可缺少的一个关键部件,即内存条(块),而数码设备中则称为闪存卡。
内存决定了这些设备的实际工作速度与存储量。
下面对PC机内存条、数码相机的闪存卡作一些简单介绍。
SDRAMKingSton P133 128MB SD 168 Pin内存条背面标有“168” 表示168线内存条正面下文标有“84”现代内存条颗粒上标有 HY57V56820AT-H 其中“56”表示256MB;而128MB条“HY57V”后面数字为“28”。
现代 256MB SD 168 Pin现代 128MB SD 168 Pin目前大多尚未升级换代的电脑仍使用的是SDRAM内存条,从上图可以看到:1、SDRAM内存条两则有个半园缺口,它是内存条插入内存插槽DIMM上卡子的卡槽,用于固定内存条。
2、SDRAM内存条电路板两面否有颗粒(内存块)分为单面与双面。
一般讲,单面的对于安装、识别、散热等方面讲要优。
3、SDRAM内存条下边有两个缺口,它是控制内存条在插槽DIMM纵向位置以及安装方向。
而DDR内存条只有一个缺口。
4、SDRAM内存条的线脚为168线(针),而早期的EDO内存只有72线。
相比之下,SDRAM内存条的长度尺寸就大得多。
在内存条的左下角一般标有数字“84”,也表明了线脚的方向。
背面左端下方标有数字“168”表明为168线。
5、可使用SDRAM内存条的主板上的插槽DIMM一般为三个,具有四个DIMM槽的主板比较少见。
SDRAM内存插槽DIMM一般可插1、2、3根内存条。
最好选用同厂家、同存储量的内存条,以保证匹配性与稳定性。
如果可能的话最好只插一根大存储量的内存条。
识别性与兼容性较好的主板可以插不同品牌、不同容量的内存条,这样有利于解决用户的扩容需求,而不轻易浪费原有资源,并尽可能的降低投资。
SD卡家族简介
SD卡家族简介SD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card)是一种基于半导体闪存工艺的存储卡, 1999年,由日本松下、东芝及美国SanDisk公司共同研制完成。
2000年,这几家公司发起成立了SD协会(Secure Digital Association简称SDA),阵容强大,吸引了大量厂商参加。
其中包括IBM,Microsoft,Motorola,NEC、Samsung等。
在这些领导厂商的推动下,SD卡已成为目前消费数码设备中应用最广泛的一种存储卡。
SD卡最初是从MMC(Multimedia Card)卡基础上发展起来的,可以与MMC卡实现兼容;但SD卡数据传输速率更快,此外,还特别增加了CPRM(Content protection for Recordable Media)功能,用于卡内数据的授权访问,实现内容保护。
SD卡尺寸为32mmx24mmx2.1mm,相当于邮票大小,这样尺寸的存储卡用在数码相机、DV 机中还算合适,但在记录不断被刷新的轻薄手机面前,SD卡显得过分“庞大”。
为了满足数码产品不断缩小存储卡体积的要求,SD卡逐渐演变出了Mini SD,Micro SD两种规格。
SD卡背面共有9个引脚,包含4根数据线,支持1bit/4bit两种数据传输宽度,时钟最高频率为25MHZ,故理论最高数据传输速率为12.5MB/S工作电压2.7~3.6VMiniSD顾名思义,Mini SD卡相比标准SD卡,外形上更加小巧,仅有标准SD卡40%左右的大小。
尽管Mini SD卡的外形大小及接口形状与原来的SD卡有所不同,但接口规范保持不变,确保了兼容性。
若将Mini SD插入特定的转接卡中,可当作标准SD卡来使用。
TransFlash(Micro SD)Transflash卡,也称T-Flash卡,TF或T卡,最早由SanDisk推出。
T卡仅有11mmx15mmx1mm 大小,仅相当于标准SD卡的1/4,比Mini SD卡还要小巧。
SANDISK TF规格书
SanDisk microSDOEM Product ManualRevision 2.0Document No. 80-36-03335March 2010SanDisk CorporationCorporate Headquarters • 601 McCarthy Blvd. • Milpitas, CA 95035 Phone (408) 801-1000 • Fax (408) 801-8657Products, samples and prototypes are subject to update and change for technological and manufacturing purposes.SanDisk® Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications wherein a failure or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Without limitation to the foregoing, SanDisk shall not be liable for any loss, injury or damage caused by use of its products in any of the following applications:∙Special applications such as military related equipment, nuclear reactor control, and aerospace∙Control devices for automotive vehicles, train, ship and traffic equipment∙Safety system for disaster prevention and crime prevention∙Medical-related equipment including medical measurement deviceAccordingly, in any use of SanDisk products in life support systems or other applications where failure could cause damage, injury or loss of life, the products should only be incorporated in systems designed with appropriate redundancy, fault tolerant or back-up features. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk products in life support or other such applications assumes all risk of such use and agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless SanDisk Corporation and its affiliates against all damages.Security safeguards, by their nature, are capable of circumvention. SanDisk cannot, and does not, guarantee that data will not be accessed by unauthorized persons, and SanDisk disclaims any warranties to that effect to the fullest extent permitted by law.This document and related material is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. SanDisk Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document or related material, nor for any damages or claims resulting from the furnishing, performance or use of this document or related material. SanDisk Corporation explicitly disclaims any express and implied warranties and indemnities of any kind that may or could be associated with this document and related material, and any user of this document or related material agrees to such disclaimer as a precondition to receipt and usage hereof. EACH USER OF THIS DOCUMENT EXPRESSLY WAIVES ALL GUARANTIES AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND ASSOCIATED WITH THIS DOCUMENT AND/OR RELATED MATERIALS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR INFRINGEMENT, TOGETHER WITH ANY LIABILITY OF SANDISK CORPORATION AND ITS AFFILIATES UNDER ANY CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR LOSS OF USE, REVENUE, OR PROFIT OR OTHER INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION PHYSICAL INJURY OR DEATH, PROPERTY DAMAGE, LOST DATA, OR COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS, TECHNOLOGY OR SERVICES.No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written consent of an officer of SanDisk Corporation.All parts of the SanDisk documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved.SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are registered trademarks of SanDisk Corporation, registered in the United States and other countries. All other brand names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holder(s).© 2008 - 2010 SanDisk Corporation. All rights reserved.Document No. 80-36-03335 Rev 2.0Revision HistoryTable of Contents1Introduction (1)1.1General Description (1)1.2Features (2)1.3Scope (2)1.4SD Card Standard (2)1.5Functional Description (3)1.5.1Technology Independence (3)1.5.2Defect and Error Management (3)1.5.3Content Protection (3)1.5.4Wear Leveling (3)1.5.5Automatic Sleep Mode (4)1.5.6Hot Insertion (4)1.6microSD Card Products in SD Bus Mode (4)1.7SPI Mode (6)2Product Specifications (7)2.1microSD Card Product Family (7)2.1.1Typical Card Power Requirements (7)2.1.2System Performance (7)2.1.3Physical Specifications (8)3Interface Description (9)3.1Pins and Registers (9)3.2Bus Topology (10)3.2.1SD Bus (10)3.2.2SPI Bus (10)3.3Hot Insertion and Power Protection (10)3.4Electrical Interface (11)3.4.1Power Up (11)3.4.2Bus Operating Conditions (11)3.4.3Bus Timing (Standard Mode) (11)3.4.4Bus Timing (High Performance Mode) (11)3.5microSD Card Product Family Registers (12)3.5.1Operation Conditions Register (12)3.5.2Card Identification Register (12)3.5.3Card Specific Data Register (13)3.5.4Card Status Register (15)3.5.5SD Status Register (15)3.5.6Relative Card Address Register (15)3.5.7SD Card Configuration Register (16)3.5.8microSD Card Product Family Registers in SPI Mode (16)3.5.9Data Interchange Format and Card Sizes (16)4microSD Card Protocol Description (17)4.1General Description (17)4.2SD Bus Protocol (17)4.3Functional Description (17)4.3.1Card Identification Mode (17)4.3.2Data Transfer Mode (17)4.3.3Clock Control (17)4.3.4Cyclic Redundancy Codes (18)4.3.5Error Conditions (18)4.3.6Commands (18)4.3.7Card State Transition (18)4.3.8Timing Diagrams and Values (18)4.3.9Speed Class Specification (18)4.3.10Erase Timeout Calculation (18)5Marking (19)6Ordering Information (20)1 I NTRODUCTION1.1General DescriptionThe SanDisk microSD and microSDHC (SD High Capacity) Cards are flash based removable non-volatile memory devices specifically designed to meet the security, capacity, performance and environmental requirements inherent in next generation mobile phones and consumer electronic devices. The SanDisk microSD Card is based on the SD Card specification.1 microSDHC cards (above 2GB) have both the SDHC and the Speed Class logo (Class 2, Class 4, Class 6 or Class 10) as defined by SD Specification Version 3.0.The SanDisk microSD Card includes a faster content protection system that complies with the security of the Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI) standard and has a higher memory capacity. In the SanDisk microSD Card, card content is protected from illegal use by mutual authentication and a cipher algorithm. Unsecured access to the user's own content is also available.microSD Cards are based on a 8-pin interface designed to operate in a maximum operating frequency of 50 MHz. The interface for microSD Card products allows for easy integration into any design, regardless of which type of microprocessor is used. In addition to the interface, microSD Card products offer an alternate communication-protocol based on the SPI standard.SanDisk microSD Card Product Family provides up to 32 gigabytes (GB) of memory using flash memory chips, which were designed especially for use in mass storage applications. In addition to the mass storage-specific flash memory chip, cards in the microSD Card Product Family includes an on-board intelligent controller which manages interface protocols; security algorithms for content protection; data storage and retrieval, as well as Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms; defect handling; power management; wear leveling and clock control.Figure 1: SD Card Block Diagram1 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., SanDisk Corporation and Toshiba Corporation (SD-3C, LLC) originally defined specifications for the SD Card. SD card specifications are now maintained, controlled and assigned by the SD-3C, LLC.1.2FeaturesGeneral features of cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family include:∙Up to 32 GB2 of data storage∙SD - protocol compatible∙Supports SPI Mode∙Targeted for portable and stationary applications for secured (content protected) and unsecured data storage∙Voltage range of 2.7 to 3.6V∙Variable clock rate 0-25 MHz (standard), 0-50 MHz (high performance)∙Up to 25 MB/sec data transfer rate (using four parallel data lines)∙Memory field error correction∙Content protection mechanism that complies with highest security of SDMI standard∙Password protection∙Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary)∙Supports card detection (insertion and removal)∙Application-specific commands1.3ScopeThis document describes key features and specifications of the SanDisk microSD Cards as well as the information required to interface these products to a host system. Chapter 2 describes the physical and mechanical properties of cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family, Chapter 3 contains the pins and register overview, and Chapter 4 gives a general overview of the SD protocol. Information about SPI Protocol can be referenced in Section 7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.1.4SD Card StandardSanDisk microSD cards are fully compatible with the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00. This specification is available from the SD Card Association (SDA).SD Card Association2400 Camino Ramon, Suite 375San Ramon, CA 94583 USATelephone: +1 (925) 275-6615Fax: +1 (925) 886-4870E-mail: office@Web site: 2 1 megabyte (MB) = 1 million bytes; 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes. Some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus is not available for data storage.1.5Functional DescriptionThe family of SanDisk microSD cards contains a high-level, intelligent subsystem as shown in Figure 1. This intelligent (microprocessor) subsystem provides many capabilities not found in other types of memory cards. These capabilities include:∙Host independence from details of erasing and programming flash memory∙Sophisticated system for managing defects (analogous to systems found in magnetic disk drives)∙Sophisticated system for error recovery including a powerful ECC∙Power management for low power operation1.5.1Technology IndependenceThe 512-byte sector size of a card in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family is the same as that in an IDE magnetic disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host software simply issues a read or write command to the card. The command contains the address and number of sectors to write or read. The host software then waits for the command to complete.The host software does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased, programmed or read. This is extremely important because flash devices are expected to get increasingly complex in the future. Because cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family use an intelligent on-board controller, host system software will not need to be updated as new flash memory evolves. In other words, systems that support the microSD Card Product Family today will be able to access future SanDisk cards built with new flash technology without having to update or change host software.1.5.2Defect and Error ManagementThe SanDisk microSD Card Product Family contains a sophisticated defect and error management system. This system is analogous to the systems found in magnetic disk drives and in many cases offers enhancements. If necessary, SanDisk microSD Card Product Family will rewrite data from a defective sector to a good sector. This is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space. The SanDisk microSD Card Product Family soft error rate specification is much better than the magnetic disk drive specification. In the extremely rare case that a read error does occur, SanDisk microSD Card Product Family has innovative algorithms to recover the data. These defect and error management systems, coupled with the solid state construction, give SanDisk microSD Card Product Family unparalleled reliability.1.5.3Content ProtectionA detailed description of the content protection mechanism and related security SD commands can be found in the SD Security Specification from the SDA. All SD security-related commands in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family operate in the data transfer mode.1.5.4Wear LevelingWear leveling is an intrinsic part of the erase pooling functionality of cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family using NAND memory.1.5.5Automatic Sleep ModeA unique feature of cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family is automatic entrance and exit from sleep mode. Upon completion of user operations and subsequently needed flash management, cards enter sleep mode to conserve power. The host does not have to take any action for this to occur. However, in order to achieve the lowest sleep current, the host needs to shut down its clock to the card. In most systems, cards are in sleep mode except when accessed by the host, thus conserving power.When the host is ready to access a card in sleep mode, any command issued to it will cause it to exit sleep, and respond.1.5.6Hot InsertionSupport for hot insertion will be required on the host but will be supported through the connector. Connector manufacturers will provide connectors that have power pins long enough to be powered before contact is made with the other pins. This approach is similar to that used in PCMCIA devices to allow for hot insertion.1.6microSD Card Products in SD Bus ModeThe following sections provide valuable information on cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family in SD Bus mode.Cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family are fully compliant with the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00. Card Specific Data (CSD) Register structures are compliant with CSD Structure 1.0 and 2.0.This section covers Negotiating Operating Conditions, Card Acquisition and Identification, Card Status, Memory Array Partitioning, Read/Write Operations, Data Transfer Rate, Data Protection in Flash Cards, Write Protection, Copy Bit, and CSD Register.Additional practical card detection methods can be found in application notes pertaining to the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.Figure 2: Memory Array PartitioningFigure 3: Data Transfer FormatsTable 1 contains descriptions for each transfer mode.Table 1: Mode Descriptions1.7SPI ModeThe SPI Mode is a secondary communication protocol for cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family. This mode is a subset of the SD Protocol, designed to communicate with an SPI channel, commonly found in Motorola and other vendors' microcontrollers. Detailed information about SPI Mode can be found in Section 7 or the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.2 P RODUCT S PECIFICATIONS2.1microSD Card Product FamilyThis section provides product specifications for the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family.2.1.1Typical Card Power RequirementsThe values stated in Table 2 represent the SanDisk microSD Card power requirements.Table 2: SanDisk microSD Card Power RequirementsNote: Current consumption is measured by averaging over one (1) second. Refer to Section 6.6.3 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for more information2.1.2System PerformanceThis section provides the system performance specifications for the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family. All performance values in Table 3 were measured under the following conditions:∙Voltage range 2.7 to 3.6V∙Temperature -25°C to 85°C∙Independent of card clock frequencyTable 3: System Performance2.1.3Physical SpecificationsFigure 4 and Figure 5 provide the physical dimensions of the SanDisk microSD Card. For detail dimensions and tolerances refer to SDA microSD Card Addendum, Section 3.0 Mechanical Specification for microSD Memory Card.Figure 4: microSD Card Top View and Side ViewFigure 5: microSD Card Bottom View3 I NTERFACE D ESCRIPTION3.1Pins and RegistersThe SanDisk microSD Card Product Family has exposed contacts on one side. The host uses a dedicated connector to connect to microSD cards.In Table 4, pin assignments for the SanDisk microSD Card are for SD Bus Mode. Table 5 contains pin assignments for SPI Mode.Note: Pin assignments are provided by the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 and associated addendums (microSD). For more details, refer to Section 3.7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00Table 4: SD Bus Mode Pin AssignmentNotes: 1. Type Key: S=power supply; I=input; O=output using push-pull drivers;PP=I/O using push-pull drivers.2.The extended DAT lines (DAT1-DAT3) are input on power up. Theystart to operate as DAT lines after the SET_BUS_WIDTH command.It is the responsibility of the host designer to connect external pull-upresistors to all data lines even if only DAT0 is to be used. If not, theremay be unexpected high current consumption due to the floatinginputs of DAT1 & DAT2 (if they are not used).3.At power up this line has a 50KOhm pull-up enabled in the card. Thisresistor serves two functions: Card Detection and Mode Selection.For Mode Selection, the host can drive the line high or let it be pulledhigh to select SD mode. If the host wants to select SPI mode, itshould drive the line low. For Card Detection, the host detects that theline is pulled high. The user should disconnect this pull-up withSET_CLR_CARD_DETECT (ACMD42) command during regulardata transfer.The SanDisk microSD Card pin assignments in Table 5 below are for SPI ModeTable 5: SPI Bus Mode Pin AssignmentEach card has a set of information registers. Register descriptions and SDA references are provided in Section 5.0 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.Table 6: microSD Card Product Family Register Overview3.2Bus TopologyThe family of SanDisk microSD products supports two communication protocols: SD and SPI. For more details, refer to Section 3.5 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00. Section 6 of the specification contains a bus circuitry diagram for reference.3.2.1SD BusFor more details, refer to Section 3.5.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.2.2SPI BusFor more details, refer to Section 3.5.2 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.3Hot Insertion and Power ProtectionRefer to Section 6.1, 6.2 , and 6.3 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.4Electrical InterfaceThe power scheme of SanDisk microSD products is handled locally in each card and in the bus master. Refer to Section 6.4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.4.1Power UpPower must be applied to the VDD pin before any I/O pin is set to logic HIGH. In other words, CMD, CLK, and DAT0-3 must be at zero (0) volts when power is applied to the VDD pin. For more information, refer to Section 6.4.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.Card VDDFigure 6: Recommended Power Control SchemeThe recommended power control scheme for SanDisk microSD cards is illustrated in Figure 6. Most card connectors have a card detect switch that signals the SD host when the card is inserted. After the host is aware of the card insertion, it turns on the FET switch to apply power to card's VDD pin.Once the card is inserted and all card pins are making contact, there should be a delay before the FET switch is turned on.Note: Because there are clamping diodes on the CMD, CLK, and DAT0-3 pins, it is crucial to ensure that CLK, CMD, and DAT0-3 are at zero (0) volts during the delay and before the FET switch is turned on. If any I/O pin, (CMD, CLK, or DAT0-3) goes above zero volts during the delay and before power reaches the card VDD pin, it will forward bias the clamping diodes and can cause the card to go into an unknown state.It is the host's responsibility to make sure power gets to VDD before CMD, CLK, or DAT0-3 go above zero volts.3.4.2Bus Operating ConditionsSPI Mode bus operating conditions are identical to SD Card Bus Mode operating conditions. For details, see Section 6.6 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.4.3Bus Timing (Standard Mode)See Section 6.6.6 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.4.4Bus Timing (High Performance Mode)See Section 6.6.7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.5microSD Card Product Family RegistersThere is a set of eight registers within the card interface. However, the DSR Register is optional and is not used in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family. For specific information about all registers, refer to Section 5 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.5.1Operation Conditions RegisterThe Operation Conditions Register (OCR) stores a card's VDD voltage profile. Refer to Section 5.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for more information.3.5.2Card Identification RegisterThe Card Identification (CID) Register is 16 bytes long and contains the unique card identification number. It is programmed during card manufacturing and cannot be changed by card hosts. See Table 7.Table 7: CID Register Definitions3.5.3Card Specific Data RegisterThe Card Specific Data (CSD) Register configuration information is required to access card data. The CSD defines the data format, error correction type, maximum data access time, etc. The field structures of the CSD Register vary depending on the physical specifications and card capacity. The CSD_STRUCTURE field in the CSD Register indicates which structure version is used. Table 8 shows the version number as it relates to the CSD structure. Refer to Section 5.3.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for more information.Table 8: CSD Register StructureTable 9 provides an overview of the CSD Register. More field-specific information can be found in Section 5.3.2 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.Table 9: CSD Register (CSD Version 1.0)Refer to Sections 5.3.2 and 5.3.3, of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for more detailed information.Table 10: CSD Register (CSD Version 2.0)The Card Status Register (CSR) transmits the card's status information (which may be stored in a local status register) to the host. The CSR is defined in Section 4.10.1 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.5.5SD Status RegisterThe SD Status Register (SSR) contains status bits that are related to the microSD Card proprietary features and may be used for future applications. The SD Status structure is described in Section 4.10.2 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.5.6Relative Card Address RegisterThe 16-bit Relative Card Address (RCA) Register carries the card address published by the card during the card identification. Refer to Section 5.4 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for more information.3.5.7SD Card Configuration RegisterThe SD Card Configuration Register (SCR) is in addition to the CSD Register. The SCR provides information about special features in the SanDisk SD Card products. For more information, refer to Section 5.6 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.3.5.8microSD Card Product Family Registers in SPIModeAll card registers are accessible in SPI Mode. Their format is identical to the format in the SD Bus Mode; however a few fields are irrelevant in SPI Mode. In SPI Mode, the Card Status Register also has a different, shorter format. Refer to Section 7.4 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for more details.3.5.9Data Interchange Format and Card SizesIn general, a file system provides structure for data in SanDisk microSD Card products. The SD Card File System Specification, published by the SDA, describes the file format system that is implemented in the SanDisk microSD Card products. In general, each card is divided into two separate DOS-formatted partitions as follows: ∙User Area–used for secured and non-secured data storage and can be accessed by the user with regular read/write commands.∙Security Protected Area–used by content protection applications to save security related data and can be accessed by the host using the secured read/writecommand after doing authentication as defined in the SD Security Specification.The security protected area size is defined by SanDisk as approximately onepercent of the total size of the card.Table 11: User Area DOS Image Parameters4 MICRO SD C ARD P ROTOCOL D ESCRIPTION4.1General DescriptionSD Protocol information for cards in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family is contained in this chapter; information includes SD bus protocol, card identification, and a functional description.4.2SD Bus ProtocolCommunication over the SD bus is based on command and data-bit streams initiated by a start bit and terminated by a stop bit. See Section 3.6.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for details.4.3Functional DescriptionIn the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family, the host controls all communication between itself and the cards. To demonstrate how this communication works, this section provides a general overview of the card identification and data transfer modes; commands; card dependencies; various card operation modes and restrictions for controlling the clock signal. All SD Card commands, together with corresponding responses, state transitions, error conditions, and timings are also provided. For detailed information, refer to Section 4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.1Card Identification ModeIn Card Identification Mode, the host resets all cards, validates operation voltage range, identifies and requests cards to publish a relative card address. For more information see Section 4.2 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00. 4.3.2Data Transfer ModeIn Data Transfer Mode, the host may operate SanDisk microSD Card Product Family cards in the fPP frequency range. In the SDA Physical Specification, this section includes information about data read and write, erase, write-protect management, card lock/unlock operations, application-specific commands, switch function command, high-speed mode, command system, and the Send Interface Condition command (CMD8). CMD8 is part of identification mode and command functional differences in high capacity microSD cards. For more detailed information, refer to Section 4.3 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.3Clock ControlThe host can use the bus clock signal in SanDisk microSD cards to switch them to energy saving mode or to control data flow on the bus. See Section 4.4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.4Cyclic Redundancy CodesThe Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) protects against transmission errors that may occur on the bus in SanDisk microSD Card Product Family cards. Detailed information and examples for CRC7 and CRC16 are provided in Section 4.5 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.5Error ConditionsSee Section 4.6 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.6CommandsSee Section 4.7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00 for detailed information about card commands in the SanDisk microSD Card Product Family. 4.3.7Card State TransitionIn microSD cards, the state transition is dependent on the received command. The transition is defined in Section 4.8 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version3.00 along with responses sent on the command line.4.3.8Timing Diagrams and ValuesSee Section 4.12 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.9Speed Class SpecificationSDA speed class specification classifies SDHC card minimum write performance by speed class number and offers the method to test performance. For more information, refer to Section 4.13 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.4.3.10Erase Timeout CalculationSee Section 4.14 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 3.00.。
CF卡和SD卡有什么区别?
CF卡和SD卡有什么区别CF卡(Compact Flash)是1994年由SanDisk最先推出的。
CF卡具有PCMCIA-ATA功能,并与之兼容;CF卡重量只有14g,仅纸板火柴般大小(43mm x 36m x m3.3mm),是一种固态产品,也就是工作时没有运动部件。
CF卡采用闪存(flash)技术,是一种稳定的存储解决方案,不需要电池来维持其中存储的数据。
对所保存的数据来说,CF卡比传统的磁盘驱动器安全性和保护性都更高;比传统的磁盘驱动器及Ⅲ型PC卡的可靠性高5到10倍,而且CF卡的用电量仅为小型磁盘驱动器的5%。
这些优异的条件使得大多数数码相机选择CF卡作为其首选存储介质。
CF卡有以下缺点:1、容量有限。
虽然容量在成倍提高,但仍赶不上数码相机的像素发展。
目前的5百万像素以上产品已经是流行的高端产品最低规格,而民用主流市场也达到3百万像素级别。
普通民用的JPEG压缩格式下,容量尚可,但是专业级的TIFF(RAW)格式文件还是放不下几张图像数据。
2、体积较大。
与其他种类的存储卡相比,CF卡的体积略微偏大,这也限制了使用CF卡的数码相机体积,所以现下流行的超薄数码相机大多放弃了CF卡,而改用体积更为小3、性能限制。
CF卡的工作温度一般是0-40摄氏度。
因此0度以下的环境中,数码相机基本可以说变成了“废物”。
即使是专业机膊荒苄颐狻K淙荒壳熬玫腃F卡耐寒能力达到-40摄氏度,可是什么时候普及,价格什么时候跌到普通老百姓可以承受的地步还不得而知。
SD卡(Secure Digital Memory Card)是一种基于半导体快闪记忆器的新一代记忆设备。
SD卡由日本松下、东芝及美国SanDisk公司于1999年8月共同开发研制。
大小犹如一张邮票的SD记忆卡,重量只有2克,但却拥有高记忆容量、快速数据传输率、极大的移动灵活性以及很好的安全性。
SD卡在24mm×32mm×2.1mm的体积内结合了SanDisk快闪记忆卡控制与MLC(Multilevel Cell)技术和Toshiba(东芝)0.16u及0.13u的NAND技术,通过9针的接口界面与专门的驱动器相连接,不需要额外的电源来保持其上记忆的信息。
计算机常用外存设备
记忆棒( XQD 卡)
记忆棒全称Memory Stick,它是由日本索尼公司最先研发出来的移动存储媒体。记忆棒 用在索尼的PSP,PSX系列游戏机,数码相机,数码摄像机,索爱的手机,还有笔记本 上,用于存储数据,相当于计算机的硬盘。 记忆棒是索尼独家开发的标准,第三方的生产厂家还有SanDisk(闪迪)和Lexar(雷克 沙)。尽管它是索尼独家支持的标准,记忆棒还是比其它独家支持的快闪存储格式寿命 更长。 相比其他卡,记忆棒具有极高稳定性和更高的传输速度。记忆棒的缺点一是只能在索尼 数码相机中使用;二是容量尚不够大,目前记忆棒的最大容量为128G;三是价格昂贵, 下左图128G的记忆棒价格在六七千元。
Hale Waihona Puke TF 卡TF卡的英文全名Trans-flash Card,由SanDisk(闪迪)公司 发明,2004年正式更名为Micro SD Card,因此也属于SD卡的一 种。但目前大多数人仍称它为TF卡。Micro SD卡是一种极细小的 快闪存储器卡,其格式源自SanDisk创造,原本这种记忆卡称为TFlash,及后改称为Trans Flash;而重新命名为Micro SD的原因是 因为被SD协会 采立。TF卡 TF卡主要用于手机,也用于MP3 播放器、MP4播放器、汽车导航等。目前的TF卡提供有8G、16G、 32G和64G的容量, 最高容量达到128GB。 TF卡中存储的资料也可与电脑共享,只需将手机连接到电脑 或用读卡器连接在电脑中就可以供使用。 不同的TF卡传输速度大不相同,一些低速卡的读写速度每秒 仅几M,而一些高速卡的读取速度可达100MB/s,写入速度也可达 40MB/s以上。选购TF卡除重视容量外,还要注重传输速度、品牌 的选择。
U
盘
目前的U盘接接口分USB2.0接口、USB3.0接口以及最 新的USB3.1接口3种。 USB2.0接口的普通U盘读取速度红10MB/s,写入速度 约3M/s。高速U盘读取可达20MB/s,写入可达15MB/s左右。 USB3.0接口的U盘速度明显比2.0接口快,较慢的写入 速度也能达40M/s左右,读取速度20MB/s左右,高速U盘写 入速度达100M以上,读取速度则可达到200MB/s以上。好使 用在USB2.0接口,普通U盘的读写速度也和USB2.0接口的 高速U盘相当。 USB3.1接口的U盘目前在速度上与USB3.0接口U盘还没 有什么优势。 选购U盘时主要值得注重的是容量、接口类型和传输速 度。此外也要注意品牌的选择,尽量选择一些知名品牌。
SD卡接口描述
第三章 SD 卡接口描述译者注:这部分的电气特性描述包括了元件电气特性、机械图、总线拓扑等综合性内容,大部分较简单,而且其中一些部分和软件编程毫无关系。
所以只挑选了重点和编程相关的注意事项来翻译,本章节完整地内容可以参考原文。
3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode SPI 模式下的引脚定义和描述Table 3-2 lists the pin assignments and definitions in SPI Mode.表格3-2列出了SD 卡引脚在SPI 模式下的定义和功能描述。
Table 3-2. SPI Bus Mode Pad DefinitionPin # Name Type 1 SPI Description 1 CS I Chip Select (Active low) 2 DataIn I Host to Card Commands and Data 3 VSS1 S Supply Voltage Ground 4 VDD S Supply Voltage 5 CLK I Clock6 VSS2 S Supply Voltage Ground7 DataOut O Card to Host Data and Status8 RSV 2 I Reserved 9RSV 2IReservedNOTES:1) S = power supply; I = input; O = output.1)S = 电源供应; I = 输入; O = 输出。
2) The ‘ RSV ’ pins are floating inputs. It is the responsibility of the host designer to connect external pullup resistors to those lines. Otherwise non-expected high current consumption may occur due to the floating inputs.2)这个“ RSV ”脚是浮空的输入引脚。
TF卡的说明书
内存卡的使用说明SanDisk闪迪microSDHC 手机存储卡是最时尚、最优质的音乐、视频、照片、游戏、文件和应用程序的手机存储卡片,只需将卡片轻轻插入手机匹配的卡槽,即可实现完美存储,即方便又可靠!想要不受约束的畅想手机娱乐、不受拘束的添加手机应用、不受存储容量的限制地玩转手机游戏世界、请选择SanDisk闪迪microSDHC 手机存储卡。
想要运用手机存储尽可能多的高像素精致图片、高清视频以及完美音质歌曲的多媒体手机用户,请选择SanDisk闪迪microSDHC 手机存储卡。
SanDisk闪迪microSDHC 手机存储卡特点:1. 兼容性强microSDHC卡拥有稳定的读写速度和表现2. Class4速度等级评定(基于SD2.0标准)3. 通过了最极端的环境条件测试4. 5年质保* 1 gigabyte (GB) = 10 亿字节。
有些容量不适用于数据存储品牌简介闪迪是全球领先的闪存品牌。
SanDisk于1988年由Eli Harari博士创立,是一家国际认可的非易失性内存技术权威机构,现已发展成为全球规模极大地创新闪存数据存储产品提供商。
闪迪是闪存卡的创造者,是USB闪存盘领域的先锋。
1995年11月,SanDisk成为了一家公开上市的公司,其纳斯达克股票代码为SNDK。
在2007年9月,闪迪在中国上海建立了第一个自有工厂。
领先产品:存储卡:在手机存储卡市场,闪迪是美国市场的第一大品牌,是欧洲市场的领导者,也是俄罗斯和日本市场的领先品牌。
闪迪是全球数码相机及摄像机存储卡市场的领导者,我们高性能的闪迪Ultra和闪迪Extreme系列产品经常赢得业界奖项。
USB闪存盘:闪迪是全球USB闪存盘市场的领先品牌;亦为USB闪存盘产品的先锋。
目前销售的USB闪存盘为闪迪Ultra Backup及Cruzer系列.知识产权:SanDisk目前拥有超过1700个美国专利,超过1100个国外专利,以及超过1100个正在申请的美国专利,SanDisk是全球唯一一家有权制造和销售所有闪存卡格式的企业,包括CompactFlash、SD、miniSD、microSD、Multi Media(RS—MMC)、Memory Stick PRO以及相关的Memory Stick产品、XD-Picture Card 和USB闪存盘。
SD与MMC的
为止,在存储卡市场中,SD可以说是独占鳌头。
当时的MMC家族对准手机市场发展,而SD则对准数码相机发展,但因当时手机产品使用MMC 卡的机种不多(整体而言当时可插卡算是另类,MMC只依靠西门子6688系列商品,很难有优势),因此在市场占有率上,SD 占上风。
转折2004 年是一个大转折点,因为使用MMC卡的手机开始普及,而MMC卡也被市场认定是手机的内存卡,插卡开始成为手机技术的一项标准。
SDA 发现状况不对,亦开始转向手机市场发展,最后谁胜谁败,仍有待观察,但SD 较吃亏的地方在于MMC卡可在SD 产品上使用,而SD 因为本身较厚,无法使用在MMC卡产品内。
SD、MMC的比较以下2图分别体现SD与MMC的不同:SD卡MMC卡简单比较SD卡与MMC卡:在外观上相同,都是24x32mm,但厚度 2.1mm 的SD比 1.4mm 的MMC 稍厚一些。
SD 卡支持数据加密功能,原本是希望能类似DVD 的CSS加密(在SD上称为CPRM)、防止被非法复制数据以保护著作权。
不过由于大部分的SD卡都使用在数码相机、移动装置上让用户自行储存数据,因此很少看到SD 的"Secure" 功能真正发挥。
SD卡如同以前的Floopy 磁盘,也有一个写保护开关可避免数据被误删,在MMC卡上则没有这个开关。
SD虽然是基于MMC开发出来的,但是在卡片机构设计方面,SD 卡采取了磁盘、录音带、录像带的概念,在卡片正面的左边加上了写保护机构(这点,最早出现在索尼的记忆棒上),虽然用户通常不会用到此功能,但在设计上SD 卡仍以保护使用者为出发点,也是它的名称的由来。
CPRM:另外SD 与其它目前记忆卡产品不同是该卡片内建了加密功能,称之为CPRM (Content Protection Recordable Media)。
是指对可录媒个体内容的保护。
此一技术可支持SD卡的安全系统。
它是由4C Entity LLC(IBM、英特尔、松下和东芝)联合开发的一种针对内容保护和证书/身份验证标准。
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SanDisk SD Card Product FamilyOEM Product ManualVersion 2.2Document No. 80-36-00497June 2007SanDisk CorporationCorporate Headquarters601 McCarthy BoulevardMilpitas, CA 95035(408) 801-1000 Phone(408) 801-8657 Fax–This page intentionally left blank–SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product ManualSanDisk® Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages. Security safeguards, by their nature, are capable of circumvention. SanDisk cannot, and does not, guarantee that data will not be accessed by unauthorized persons, and SanDisk disclaims any warranties to that effect to the fullest extent permitted by law.This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. SanDisk Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance or use of this material. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written consent of an officer of SanDisk Corporation.All parts of the SanDisk documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved.SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are trademarks of SanDisk Corporation, registered in the United States and other countries.Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.© 2007 SanDisk Corporation. All rights reserved.SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the following U.S. Patent Nos. 5,070,032; 5,095,344; 5,168,465; 5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5,268,870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5,602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents awarded and pending.Document 80-36-00450 Rev. 2.1Revision HistoryDate Revision DescriptionJanuary 2007 2.0February 2007 2.1June 2007 2.2Added:- Reliability and Durability Specifications Table forthe SD Card to Chapter 2- Additional capacities and related specs to Tables3-8 and 3-9- C_Size 6 GB and related specs to Table 3-7- CID values to Table 3-4- CSD values to Table 3-6- TOC with subheadingsRemoved Application Notes from Appendix D,replaced with links to white paper docs.Consolidated shared specifications in Chapter 2.Switched to outdent format. Rearranged GeneralDescription in Chapter 1. Changed hierarchyunder Functional Description in Chapter 1.Corrected part number for microSD 6 GB and 8GB. Made changes to Tables 3-6 and 3-7according to feedback.© 2007 SanDisk Corporation1Rev. 2.2, 07/07SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual–This page intentionally left blank–07/07, Rev. 2.22© 2007 SanDisk CorporationTable of ContentsCHAPTER 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1General Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2SD Card Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3Technology Independence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3Defect and Error Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3Content Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3Wear Leveling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4Automatic Sleep Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4Hot Insertion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4SD Card Products in SD Bus Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4SPI Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6 CHAPTER 2 Product Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1Power Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1System Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1System Reliability and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2Physical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2miniSD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4microSD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7 CHAPTER 3 Interface Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Pins and Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1Bus Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3SD Bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3SPI Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3Hot Insertion and Power Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3© 2007 SanDisk Corporation i Rev. 2.1, 07/07Table of Contents SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product ManualElectrical Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4Power Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4Bus Operating Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4Bus Timing (Standard Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Bus Timing (High Performance Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5SD Card Product Family Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5Operation Conditions Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Card Identification Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Card Specific Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6Card Status Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9SD Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9Relative Card Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9SD Card Configuration Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9SD Card Product Family Registers in SPI Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 CHAPTER 4 SD Card Protocol Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1SD Bus Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1Card Identification Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Data Transfer Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Clock Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Cyclic Redundancy Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Card State Transition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Timing Diagrams and Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Speed Class Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Erase Timeout Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 APPENDIX A Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 APPENDIX B Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 APPENDIX C Disclaimer of Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-107/07, Rev. 2.1ii© 2007 SanDisk CorporationCHAPTER 1IntroductionGeneral DescriptionIn the SanDisk SD Card Product Family (SD Card, miniSD Card, and microSD Card), cardsare flash memory specifically designed to meet the security, capacity, performance andenvironmental requirements inherent in next generation mobile phones and consumerelectronic devices. The SanDisk SD Card Product Family includes a faster content protectionsystem that complies with the security of the SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) standardand has a higher memory capacity. In the SanDisk SD Card Product Family, card content isprotected from illegal use by mutual authentication and a new cipher algorithm. Unsecuredaccess to the user's own content is also available. With some additions, the physical formfactor, pin assignment, and data transfer protocol are forward compatible with future SanDiskSD Card products.Cards in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family are based on a 9-pin interface designed tooperate in a maximum operating frequency of 50 MHz. The SD Card specifications wereoriginally designed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., SanDisk Corporation andToshiba Corporation (SD-3C, LLC). SD card specifications are now maintained, controlled andassigned by the SD-3C, LLC. The SanDisk miniSD Card and SanDisk microSD Card are bothbased on the SD Card specification.The interface for SD Card products allows for easy integration into any design, regardless ofwhich type of microprocessor is used. In addition to the interface, SD Card products offer analternate communication-protocol based on the SPI standard.Currently, a card in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family provides up to 16 GB of memoryusing flash memory chips, which were designed especially for use in mass storage applications.In addition to the mass storage-specific flash memory chip, cards in the SD Card ProductFamily includes an on-board intelligent controller which manages interface protocols; securityalgorithms for content protection; data storage and retrieval, as well as Error Correction Code(ECC) algorithms; defect handling; power management; wear leveling and clock control.Figure 1-1 SanDisk SD Card Block Diagram© 2007 SanDisk Corporation1-1Rev. 2.2, 06/07Introduction SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product ManualFeaturesGeneral features of cards in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family include:•SD-protocol compatible•Supports SPI Mode•Targeted for portable and stationary applications for secured (content protected) and unsecured data storage•V oltage range of 2.7 to 3.6V•Variable clock rate 0-25 MHz (standard), 0-50 MHz (high performance)•Up to 25 MB/sec data transfer rate (using four parallel data lines)•Memory field error correction•Content protection mechanism that complies with highest security of SDMI standard•Password protection•Write-protected using mechanical switch•Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary)•Supports card detection (insertion and removal)•Application-specific commandsScopeThis document describes key features and specifications of the SanDisk SD Card, miniSDCard, and microSD Card as well as the information required to interface these products to ahost system. Chapter 2 describes the physical and mechanical properties of cards in theSanDisk SD Card Product Family, Chapter 3 contains the pins and register overview, andChapter 4 gives a general overview of the SD protocol. Information about SPI Protocol can bereferenced in Section 7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, V ersion 2.00.SD Card StandardSanDisk SD, miniSD, and microSD cards are fully compatible with the SDA Physical LayerSpecification, Version 2.00. This specification is available from the SD Card Association(SDA).SD Card Association2400 Camino Ramon, Suite 375San Ramon, CA 94583USATelephone: +1 (925) 275-6615Fax: +1 (925) 886-4870E-mail: office@Web site: 06/07, Rev. 2.21-2© 2007 SanDisk CorporationSanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual IntroductionFunctional DescriptionThe family of SanDisk SD cards contains a high-level, intelligent subsystem as shown inFigure 1-1. This intelligent (microprocessor) subsystem provides many capabilities not foundin other types of memory cards. These capabilities include:•Host independence from details of erasing and programming flash memory•Sophisticated system for managing defects (analogous to systems found in magnetic disk drives)•Sophisticated system for error recovery including a powerful ECC•Power management for low power operationTechnology IndependenceThe 512-byte sector size of a card in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family is the same as thatin an IDE magnetic disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host softwaresimply issues a read or write command to the card. The command contains the address andnumber of sectors to write or read. The host software then waits for the command to complete.The host software does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased,programmed or read. This is extremely important because flash devices are expected to getincreasingly complex in the future. Because cards in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family usean intelligent on-board controller, host system software will not need to be updated as newflash memory evolves. In other words, systems that support the SD Card Product Family todaywill be able to access future SanDisk cards built with new flash technology without having toupdate or change host software.Defect and Error ManagementThe SanDisk SD Card Product Family contains a sophisticated defect and error managementsystem. This system is analogous to the systems found in magnetic disk drives and in manycases offers enhancements. If necessary, SanDisk SD Card Product Family will rewrite datafrom a defective sector to a good sector. This is completely transparent to the host and does notconsume any user data space. The SanDisk SD Card Product Family soft error ratespecification is much better than the magnetic disk drive specification. In the extremely rarecase that a read error does occur, SanDisk SD Card Product Family has innovative algorithmsto recover the data. These defect and error management systems, coupled with the solid stateconstruction, give SanDisk SD Card Product Family unparalleled reliability.Content ProtectionA detailed description of the content protection mechanism and related security SD commandscan be found in the SD Security Specification from the SDA. All SD security-relatedcommands in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family operate in the data transfer mode.An authentication procedure is done between a card and the connected device, either the LCM(PC for example) or the PD (portable device, such as SD player). After the authenticationprocess passes, the card is ready to accept or give data from/to the connected device. While thecard is in the secured mode of operation (after the authentication succeeded) the argument andthe associated data that is sent to the card or read from the card are encrypted. At the end ofread, write or erase operations, a card automatically gets out of its secured mode.© 2007 SanDisk Corporation1-3Rev. 2.2, 06/07Introduction SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Wear LevelingWear leveling is an intrinsic part of the erase pooling functionality of cards in the SanDisk SDCard Product Family using NAND memory.Automatic Sleep ModeA unique feature of cards in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family is automatic entrance andexit from sleep mode. Upon completion of an operation, cards enter sleep mode to conservepower if no further commands are received in less than 5 milliseconds (ms). The host does nothave to take any action for this to occur. However, in order to achieve the lowest sleep current,the host needs to shut down its clock to the card. In most systems, cards are in sleep modeexcept when accessed by the host, thus conserving power.When the host is ready to access a card in sleep mode, any command issued to it will cause itto exit sleep, and respond.Hot InsertionSupport for hot insertion will be required on the host but will be supported through theconnector. Connector manufacturers will provide connectors that have power pins long enoughto be powered before contact is made with the other pins. This approach is similar to that usedin PCMCIA and MMCA devices to allow for hot insertion.SD Card Products in SD Bus ModeThe following sections provide valuable information on cards in the SanDisk SD Card ProductFamily in SD Bus mode.Cards in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family are fully compliant with the SDA PhysicalLayer Specification, Version 2.00. Card Specific Data (CSD) Register structures are compliantwith CSD Structure 1.0 and 2.0.This section covers Negotiating Operating Conditions, Card Acquisition and Identification,Card Status, Memory Array Partitioning, Read/Write Operations, Data Transfer Rate, DataProtection in Flash Cards, Write Protection, Copy Bit, and CSD Register.Additional practical card detection methods can be found in application notes pertaining to theSDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.06/07, Rev. 2.21-4© 2007 SanDisk CorporationSanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Introduction Figure 1-2 Memory Array PartitioningFigure 1-3 illustrates the formatting of a data transfer.Figure 1-3 Data Transfer FormatsIntroduction SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product ManualTable 1-1 contains descriptions for each mode.Table 1-1 Mode DefinitionsMode DescriptionSingle Block In this mode the host reads or writes one data block in a pre-specified length.The data block transmission is protected with 16-bit CRC that is generated bythe sending unit and checked by the receiving unit.The block length for read operations is limited by the device sector size (512bytes) but can be as small as a single byte. Misalignment is not allowed. Everydata block must be contained in a single physical sector.The block length for write operations must be identical to the sector size andthe start address aligned to a sector boundary.Multiple Block This mode is similar to the single block mode, except for the host can read/write multiple data blocks (all have the same length) that are stored orretrieved from contiguous memory addresses starting at the address specifiedin the command. The operation is terminated with a stop transmissioncommand.Misalignment and block length restrictions apply to multiple blocks and areidentical to the single block read/write operations.SPI ModeThe SPI Mode is a secondary communication protocol for cards in the SanDisk SD CardProduct Family. This mode is a subset of the SD Protocol, designed to communicate with anSPI channel, commonly found in Motorola and other vendors' microcontrollers. Detailedinformation about SPI Mode can be found in Section 7 or the SDA Physical LayerSpecification, Version 2.00.CHAPTER 2Product SpecificationPower RequirementsThe SanDisk SD Card and miniSD Card power requirements are stated in Table 2-1. The SanDisk microSD Card power requirements are stated in Table 2-2. For details about the environmental, reliability and durability specifications, refer to Section 8.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.NOTECurrent consumption is measured by averaging over one (1) second. Refer to Section 6.6.4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00 for more information.System PerformanceThis section provides the system performance specifications for the SanDisk SD Card Product Family. For details about the environmental, reliability and durability specifications, refer to Section 8.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.All performance values for the SanDisk SD Card Product Family in Table 2-2 were measured under the following conditions:•V oltage range 2.7 to 3.6V •Temperature -25 C to 85CTable 2-1SanDisk SD Card and miniSD Card Power RequirementsModeMaximum ValueSleep: ≤ 4 GB6 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB250 uA 300 uA Read: Default Mode Speed (25 MHz) High Speed Mode (50 MHz 100 mA 200 mA Write: Default Mode Speed (25 MHz) High Speed Mode (50 MHz)100 mA 200 mATable 2-2 SanDisk microSD Card Power RequirementsModeMaximum ValueSleep: ≤ 4 GB6 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB150 uA 250 uA Read: Default Mode Speed (25 MHz) High Speed Mode (50 MHz 100 mA 200 mA Write: Default Mode Speed (25 MHz) High Speed Mode (50 MHz)100 mA 200 mA°°Product Specification SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual•Independent of card clock frequencyTable 2-3 System Performance for SanDisk SD Product FamilyTiming Maximum ValueBlock Read Access Time100 msBlock Write Access Time250 msACMD1 to ready after power-up500 msSystem Reliability and MaintenanceReliability and maintenance specifications for the SanDisk SD Card Product Family are shownin Table 2-3. For details about the environmental, reliability and durability specifications, referto Section 8.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.Table 2-4 Reliability and Maintenance Specifications for SanDisk SD Product FamilyMTBF>1,000,000 hoursPreventative Maintenance NoneData Reliability<1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits readPhysical SpecificationsThis section provides the physical specifications for the SanDisk SD Card Product Family. Fordetails about the environmental, reliability and durability specifications, refer to Section 8.1 ofthe SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.SD CardReliability and durability specifications are shown in Table 2-4.Table 2-5 contains the physical dimensions of the SanDisk SD Card.Table 2-5 Reliability and Durability SpecificationsDurability10,000 mating cyclesBending10NTorque0.15N.m or ±2.5 deg.Drop Test 1.5m free fallUV Light Exposure UV: 254nm, 15Ws/cm² according to ISO 7816-1Visual Inspection/Shape and Form No warpage; no mold skin; complete form; no cavities;surface smoothness ≤ -0.1 mm/cm² within contour; nocracks; no pollution (oil, dust, etc)Minimum Moving Force of WP Switch40 gf (ensures that the WP switch will not slide when it isinserted in the connector)WP Switch Cycles Minimum 1,000 Cycles @ slide force 0.4N to 5NTable 2-6 SanDisk SD Card Physical Dimensions SummarySpecification SanDisk SD CardWeight 2.5 g maximumLength32 mm +/- 0.1 mmSanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Product SpecificationTable 2-6 SanDisk SD Card Physical Dimensions SummarySpecification SanDisk SD CardWidth24 mm +/- 0.1 mmThickness 2.1 mm +/- 0.15 mmFigure 2-1 SD Card DimensionsProduct Specification SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual miniSD CardTable 2-6 contains the physical dimensions of the SanDisk miniSD Card.Table 2-7 SanDisk miniSD Card Physical Specification SummarySpecification miniSD CardWeight 1.0 g maximumLength21.5 mm +/- 0.1 mmWidth20 mm +/- 0.1 mmThickness 1.4 mm +/- 0.15 mmSanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Product Specification Figure 2-2 miniSD Card Dimensions (Top View)Product Specification SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Figure 2-3 miniSD Card Dimensions (Bottom View)Figure 2-4 miniSD Card Dimensions (Detail)SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Product Specification Figure 2-5 miniSD Card Package DimensionsProduct Specification SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual microSD CardTable 2-7 contains the physical dimensions of the SanDisk microSD Card.Table 2-8 SanDisk microSD Card Physical Specification SummarySpecification microSD CardWeight.29 gLength15 mm +/- 0.1 mmWidth11 mm +/- 0.1 mmThickness0.95 mm aa.Maximum thickness calculated as follows:0.8mm (max. thickness in Inter-connect Area) + 0.15mm (max. thickness of mask label) = 0.95mmSee Figure 2-8 for more information.Figure 2-6 microSD Card (Bottom View)SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Product Specification Figure 2-7 microSD Card (Keep Out Area)Product Specification SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product Manual Figure 2-8 microSD Card Package DimensionsCHAPTER 3Interface DescriptionPins and RegistersThe SanDisk SD Card Product Family have exposed contacts on one side. The host uses adedicated 9-pin connector to connect to SD cards.In Table 3-1, pin assignments for the SanDisk SD Card, miniSD Card, and microSD Card arefor SD Bus Mode. Table 3-2 contains pin assignments for SPI Mode.NOTE Pin assignments are provided by the SDA Physical Layer Specification,Version 2.00 and associated addendums (microSD and miniSD). For moredetails, refer to Section 4.7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version2.00.Table 3-1 SD Bus Mode Pin AssignmentPin Type a DescriptionSD Card1CD/DAT3b I/O c/PP Card Detect/Data Line [bit 3]2CMD PP Command/Response3V SS1S Supply Voltage Ground4V DD S Supply Voltage5CLK I Clock6V SS2S Supply Voltage Ground7DAT0I/O/PP Data Line [bit 0]8DAT1I/O/PP Data Line [bit 1]9DAT2I/O/PP Data Line [bit 2]miniSD Card1CD/DAT3I/O/PP Card Detect/Data Line [bit 3]2CMD I/O/PP Command/Response3V SS1S Supply Voltage Ground4V DD S Supply Voltage5CLK I Clock6V SS2S Supply Voltage Ground7DAT 0I/O/PP Data Line [bit 0]8DAT1I/O/PP Data Line [bit 1]9DAT2I/O/PP Data Line [bit 2]10NC I/O/PP For future use11NC I/O/PP For future usemicroSD Card1DAT2I/O/PP Data Line [bit 2]2CD/DAT3I/O/PP Card Detect/Data Line [bit 3]Interface Description SanDisk SD Card Product Family Product ManualThe SanDisk SD Card, miniSD Card, and microSD Card pin assignments in Table 3-2 below are for SPI Mode.3CMD PP Command/Response4V DD S Supply Voltage 5CLK I Clock6V SS S Supply Voltage Ground 7DAT0I/O/PP Data Line [bit 1]8DAT1I/O/PPData Line [bit 2]a.Type Key: S=power supply; I=input; O=output using push-pull drivers; PP=I/O using push-pull driv-ers.b.The extended DAT lines (DAT1-DAT3) are input on power up. They start to operate as DAT linesafter the SET_BUS_WIDTH command. It is the responsibility of the host designer to connect exter-nal pullup resistors to all data lines even if only DAT0 is to be used. Otherwise, non-expected high current consumption may occur due to the floating inputs of DAT1 & DAT2 (in case they are not used).c.At power up this line has a 50KOhm pullup enabled in the card. This resistor serves two functions:Card detection and Mode Selection. For Mode Selection, the host can drive the line high or let it be pulled high to select SD mode. If the host wants to select SPI mode it should drive the line low. For Card detection, the host detects that the line is pulled high. This pull-up should be disconnected by the user, during regular data transfer, with SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT (ACMD42) command.Table 3-2SPI Mode Pin AssignmentPin TypeDescriptionSD Card1CS I Chip Select (active low)2DataIn I Host-to-Card Commands and Data 3V SS1S Supply Voltage Ground 4V DD S Supply Voltage 5SCLK I Clock6V SS2S Supply Voltage Ground 7DataOut O/PP Card-to-Host Data and Status 8RSV —Reserved 9RSV—ReservedminiSD Card1CS I Chip Select (active low)2DataIn I Host-to-Card Commands and Data 3V SS1S Supply Voltage Ground 4V DD S Supply Voltage 5SCLK I Clock6V SS2S Supply Voltage Ground 7DataOut O/PP Card-to-Host Data and Status 8RSV —Reserved 9RSV —Reserved 10NC—For future useTable 3-1SD Bus Mode Pin AssignmentPin Type a Description。