同等学力英语语法专项复习虚拟语气

2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习：虚拟语气

一、总述

虚拟语气（subjunctive mood ）用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、怀疑、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。由于虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊表现形式，因而动词的变化形式体现出虚拟语气所包含的不同含义。虚拟语气用于非真实条件句时的构成如下表所述：

二、重要考点

1. 在非真实条件句中，有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这样的条件句中使用的虚拟式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。例如：

If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.

2. 引导非真实条件从句的连词if 在正式文体中有时可以省去, were、had、should 等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。

例如：

If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.

→Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.

3. 有些句子从表层结构上看是无if 引导的非真实条件句，但从深层意思上看if 是存在的。这种情况下主句动词仍需用虚拟式。这类句子中常出现without （如果没有），but for （要不是），otherwise （否则），but that （若不，后接一从句）等词或词组。例如：

But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded.

She wasn’t feeling well. Otherwise，she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.

4. 在It is + 形容词 + that 从句的句型中，that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词采用should + 动词原形形式，其中should 常省略。可用于此句型的形容词还有：absurd, advisable, better, best, desirable, (un)fair, fortunate, good, imperative, important, incredible, just, natural, (un) necessary, odd, pleasant, possible, preferable, right, ridiculous, sad, silly, unusual, urgent, vital, wrong 等，表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等含义。例如：

It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once.

It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter.

5. 具有“提议、建议、请求、命令”等含义的动词所带的从句（包括宾语从句和主语从句）中，谓语动词用should + 动

词原形形式。美国英语多用动词原形，英国英语多用should + 动词原形。有相同用法的动词还有：ask, advise, agree, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, direct, instruct, insist, intend, maintain, move, order, persuade, pray, propose, recommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, tell, urge。如：

I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow. He insisted that our laboratory reports (should) be handed in

the day after the experiment was done.

应当注意的是，当suggest、insist 等词不再表示“建议”或“坚持要求”的含义时，其后面的从句不再用虚拟语气。例如：

His look suggested that he wasn’t telling the truth.

He insisted that he was right.

6. 虚拟式可用于wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将谓语动词提前一个时态。例如：

I wish I had been to the concert last night.

I wish he would forgive me.

7. It’s (high, about) time that…的句型要求用虚拟式，表示应该做还没有做的事。其表达形式一般是谓语动词使用过去时态。例如：

It’s high time that he stopped smoking.

It’s about time that we took our leave.

8. 在I would rather 后的句子中，动词也要求用虚拟式，表示某人的愿望。其表达形式一般是将谓语动词提前一个时态。例如：

I’d rather you left tomorrow instead of today.

I’d rather he hadn’t done anything like that.

9. 在由as if、as though 引导的方式状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，或表示与主句谓语动词

同时或其后的假设情况时，从句中谓语动词用过去时。表示过去想象中的动作或情况或表示在主句谓语动词所表示时间之前的假设情况，从句用过去完成时。如果表示的情况很可能发生或是事实，则用陈述语气。例如：

She looks as if she knew all about it.

They talked as though they had got acquainted with each other for years.

10. 在if only 引起的感叹句中，用谓语动词的一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去事实

相反的情况。例如：

If only he knew our telephone number!

11. 在lest、for fear that 、in case 等词引导的从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形表示虚拟，should 一词也可以省略。例如：

Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they (should) set them a bad example.

三、例题

1. If you ______ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be dozy ( 困倦的) now.

A. haven’t watched

B. didn’t watch

C. hadn’t watched

D. wouldn’t have watched

2. Had I known it, I ______ you.

A. have told

B. and told

C. wouldn’t be told

D. would have told

3. ______ the storm, we should have reached our destination.

A. For but

B. But for

C. In spite of

D. In case of

4. She insisted that what she had done ______ right.

A. was

B. is

C. be

D. had been

5. I wish you ______ me yesterday.

A. tell

B. could tell

C. would tell

D. had told

6. ______ it left to me to decide, I would not hesitate to prefer the latter.

A. If

B. Were

C. Had

D. Should

7. It is important that you ______ to the dean before leaving for you vacation.

A. speak

B. spoken

C. have

D. speaks

8. It’s about time people ______ notice of what women did during the war.