00015英语二课文精讲讲义(4)

00015英语二课文精讲讲义（Unit4）
Unit 4 The Joy of Work (工作的快乐)
Text A Work is Blessing(工作是福)
共7个自然段，领读课文和单词。

一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习
1.blessing: n好事；动词：bless: v 祝福，保佑
如：1). The rain will be a blessing for the farmers.
2). May God bless you with a long life!
plain: v 抱怨，埋怨；名词：complaint
如：1). I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
2). The most common complaint is about poor service.
mitted: adj 尽心尽力的，坚定的；动词：commit犯罪，做错事；承诺，使…承担义务如：1). I have never committed any crime.
2). I would like to commit myself to teaching all my life.
3). She is a committed policewoman.
4.remind: v提醒; reminder: n 提醒物
如：Will you please remind me of his name?
5.victim: n 受害者，牺牲品
如：He said the female victim was his girlfriend。

6.terrorism: n 恐怖主义；terrorist: 恐怖分子
7.depression: n 萧条，不景气，萎靡不振，沮丧。

如：1). She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.
2). He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression （经
济大萧条时期）of the 1930s.
8.illegal: adj不合法的，反义词：legal合法的；legalize: v 使。

合法化
如：1). It is illegal to buy cigarettes in Britain if you are under 16.
2). What I did was perfectly legal.
3). Divorce was legalized in 1981。

9.dealer: n 毒贩子；deal:n 买卖；dealership: n 代理权，经销权
如：1). The campaign to drive the drug dealers away will continue.
2). a car dealership （汽车特许经销商）
10.contribute: v 增进，贡献；contribution: n
如：1). Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.
2). He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace.
11.quit: v 放弃，同义词：give up, stop,
如：1). If I don't get a pay rise I'll quit.
2). He was trying to quit smoking at the time.
二．课文重点短语，句子分析、讲解：（按照自然段）
1. I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.
译文：我在路易斯安那州的莱克兰长大，是家里12个孩子之一。

我们所有人都依赖父母勉强维持生活的农场过活。

我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养猪、养鸡，还有一个大花园，但农场没办法让我们有多少收入，所以我在12 岁时在马路前面不远的一个奶牛场里找了一份兼职工作——帮忙挤牛奶。

我们要在早晨5 点钟为65 头奶牛挤奶，下午2 点钟还要挤一次，一周七天不休息。

语言点：dairy是奶制品的意思，要区别于：diary:日记；a part time job兼职工作；而full time
job则是全职工作；
固定搭配： live on：依靠。

而生活； bring in much cash：赚取足够多的钱。

2. In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "You know, boy, to work is a blessing." I looked at those two men who’d worked harder than I've ever had –my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression.
译文：在一个周六的黎明之前，我记得我在厨房里跟父亲和爷爷抱怨自己一大早还要去给那些奶牛挤奶，父亲说：“儿子，你要知道，能工作是种福气啊。

”我看着这两个男人，知道他们比我有生以来工作得要更努力——父亲靠那个农场为全家糊口，而爷爷在大萧条期间既开农场又当木匠。

语言点：daylight天亮
固定搭配：
1).remember doing: 记得做过某事；
如： I remember bringing my notebook. (but it isn’t in my bag)
2).complain to sb about sth: 对某人抱怨某事；
如： He always complains to us about his too much work.
3).have to do sth: 不得不；
4). eke out a living on sth:依靠。

而勉强度日；
3. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in. Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me :"If I’d picked something to study that I liked doing, I’d always look forward to my work." But he also added, “Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all."
译文：我有种感觉——别人跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。

对路易斯
安那莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是种珍贵的待遇。

父亲跟我说：“如果我学了自己喜欢从事的内容，我便会一直期待找到适合自己的工作。

”但他补充道：“就算从事了自己不喜欢的工作，那也比什么工作都没有要好。

”
语言点: took花费；
固定搭配：1).sank in（原型：sink in）被完全理解；
如： It took a moment for the joke to sink in before he laughed at it. (他过一会儿才懂得那个笑话的意思,于是大笑起来.)
2).look forward to sth/doing sth: 期盼，盼望；
如：We are looking forward to your e-mail.
He is looking forward to getting his father’s money.
3).not...at all:一点也不；根本就不
4. I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC（Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, ROTC）program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days. In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she’d earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And a s bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father’s words: to work is a blessing.
译文：我当时想做一名农夫，但为了减少学费负担，我参加了预备军官训练项目，随后的“义务”从军便成为了我的生活方式——我在部队一共待了 37 年三个月零三天。

20 世纪80 年代晚期，在一次出往孟加拉国的任务期间，我看到一个背着孩子的妇女在用锤子将砖头敲碎。

我问该国的一名孟加拉的一位护卫员为什么他们不用机器，因为那样会容易很多。

他跟我说，如果用机器，那个女人便会丢掉工作，而将那些砖头敲碎意味着她能赚到足够的钱让她和她的孩子在那天吃饱。

虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。

这件事让我想起了父亲的话：工作是种福气。

语言点：obligation：义务；stayed（系动词，相当于：be） committed to对。

尽心尽力的；breaking bricks with：现在分词做伴随状语；
put （使某人处于某种状态）that lady out of work，
如：This is going to put them out of business。

as bad as that woman’s job was：这是一个as引导的让步状语从句：尽管。

keep a small family alive养活一个小家庭；
固定搭配：pay for：支付 a way of life：一种生活方式；
In the late 1980s：在20世纪80年代末期（1985年以后）
out of work：失业；earn enough money赚到足够的钱；
Reminded sb of sth: 提醒某人想起某事；
5. Serving in the United States Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I’ve come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They’re victims of crime, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the street gang members. I’ve seen it over and over again.
译文：在驻海外的美军部队服役时，看到许多人都和孟加拉国那个女人一样，于是我开始相信，没有工作的人是不自由的。

他们遭受着犯罪、疾病、经济萧条和社会动荡的侵害，于是这些受害者变成了非法移民，沦为人口贩卖、贩毒者和街头帮派的囚奴。

这种景象我一次次地目睹过。

语言点：整个一段用作者的亲眼所见描述了当一个人游手好闲，无所事事时会对社会造成怎样动乱的场面，很真实！
固定搭配：come to believe逐渐开始相信。

（突出经过一段时间后才开始做某事）
over and over again：一次一次地；
6. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.
译文：有工作的人可以建立家庭，将孩子送到学校上学，内心树立起一种自豪感，增加对社区的
积极影响，甚至去帮助他人。

当我们有事可做时，我们身心自由，身处幸福之中。

语言点：与上一段形成对比，描述有工作给人带来的好处。

固定搭配：a sense of pride：一种自豪感；
contribute to促成，导致，有助于
如：Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
7. I don’t think I’ll ever quit working. I’m retired from the Army, but I’m still working to help people be prepared for disasters. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I’m not going to stop. I believe in my father’s words: "To work is a blessing. "
译文：我觉得我不会停止工作。

如今我已从军队退役，但我仍在致力于帮助人们在灾害来临前做好准备，可能哪天我也要去做点儿农活。

我不会停下来的。

我相信父亲的话：“工作是种福气。

”
语言点：get to do a little farming开始去干一点农活；
固定搭配：quit doing= stop doing停止做某事；
be retired from: 从。

退休；be prepared for 为。

做好准备；
believe in相信，支持，认为。

有益
三：课后部分作业答案和解析：
P166：Ⅰ. DADCB
Ⅱ. Building your vocabulary
Section A: 该部分所有词汇在词汇的精讲部分中能够全部找到答案！
(3题是rarely)
Section B: 选词填空，必要时要改变形式：(稍作讲解)
mitting
2.subsistence;
3.immigrants;
4.unrest;
5.quit;
6.victim
Section C: 给空格填入恰当一词：(稍作讲解)
1.about;
2.of;
3.to;
4.in;
5.in;
6.again
Ⅲ. Bridging the gap
1.improve;
2.check out;
3.stressed;
4.arrive;
5.clearing away;
6.priority;
7. weight
8.routine;
9.different; 10.route.
Ⅳ. Translation(翻译)
Section A:
1. My mother says that she is looking forward to seeing you.
2. If you constantly complain about not having time to work, you will notice that you have less and less time.
3. The construction of the highway will contribute to the development of the suburbs.
4. The movie reminds her of her difficult childhood.
5. There was no news and we were prepared for the worst.
Section B: (英译汉)（意译）
无论你是在伺候客人进餐，或要做一例大脑手术，你所做的都是服务性的工作。

从某种程度上说要使人们生活的更好。

我们大家都有过不好的经历,有些人在他们的工作会令我们感到鼓舞，对我们的一天有着影响；而有人则会令我们感到沮丧，时我们这一天更糟糕。

我们都曾遇到过很不错的清理地板的人，或人不是太好但却有着令人惊讶的工作的人。

因此，无论你的工作是什么，你是如何把爱带到工作中的呢？感谢这份工作吧！感激并不意味着你要一直干着自己不喜欢的工作，而是当你干着这份工作时它会帮助你培养一个更加积极的心态。

你不喜欢这份工作，但是你可能会喜欢跟同事们相处。

这也是值得感激的事情。

当你心存感激之情时，你就会发展一个更好的前景，并且快乐地工作。

Text B How to Start Your Own Business
你有自己创业的想法吗？想知道你具有那些创业必备的条件吗？我马上告诉你！第一：确定你的创业动机；第二：确定你的热情所在；第三：明确你的市场；第四：确定你的财力；第五：确定你的支持体系。

如果这一切都准备妥当了，那就开始吧！
共7个自然段，领读课文和单词。

一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习
1.simultaneous: adj 同时发生的；副词：simultaneously同时地
如：The theatre will provide simultaneous translation (同声翻译)in both English and
Chinese.
2.reward: v/n奖励，回报，赏金。

rewarding: 值得的
如：1). God rewards those who work hard. (天道酬勤)
2). He will expect some reward after working so hard.
3.entrepreneur: n 企业家；enterprise企业
如：state-owned enterprise国企；private enterprise私企；
adventure - joint enterprise合资企业
4.exclude: v把。

排除在外，常用短语：exclude...from;
反义词：include: 把。

包含在内。

如：You had no right to exclude me from the examination.
5.tragic: adj 悲痛的，悲惨的；名词：tragedy悲剧。

（喜剧comedy, comic）
如：1). She passed out when she heard the tragic news.
2). The tragedy he mentioned took place in January.
6.passion: n 激情；形容词：passionate: 有激情的
如：1). The Italians are said to be the most passionate people in Europe.
2). He spoke with great passion. (他发表了热情洋溢的讲话。

)
7.sound: adj 健全的；合理的; n.声音; vi.听起来
如：1). It sounds like a wonderful idea to me.
2). They can give us some sound advice on diets.
8.crucial: adj 至关重要的，关键的
如：1). It's a crucial decision.
2). He follows the crowd at a crucial moment. （他在关键时刻总是随波逐流）
9.motivation: n 动机，原因；动词：motivate使有动机，促动，激发
如：1). These methods can help to increase students’ motivation and interest.
2). You have first got to motivate the children and then to teach them. (你首先得激发孩子的学习兴趣，然后再去教他们)
10.prioritize: v 按重要性排序；名词：priority优先权
如：1). The development of the national economy is a top priority.
2). Make lists of what to do and prioritize your tasks.
11.strategy: n 策划，部署；strategetic战略的；strategist战略家
如：He must work out a strategy to deal with the coming storm.
12.sight: n 视力范围；短语：in sight:看得见；out of sight看不见；
如：1). Out of sight, out of mind. (眼不见，心不烦)
2). They fell in love at first sight.
petitor: n 竞争者；同根词：compete: v; competition: n 竞争；competitive: adj 有竞争力的
如：1). Many firms are struggling in a highly competitive marketplace.
2). My handwriting cannot compete with his.
3). I shall enter for the singing competition.
14.room: n 房间，空间，机会
如：1). There is more room in first class.
2). We will give every teacher room to develop.
15.survive: v 生存，存活；同根词：survival: n; survivor: n幸存者
如：1). In these jungle areas, every day is a fight for survival.
2). they survived the earthquake luckily.
16.finance: n 财务，金融；同根词：financial: adj财政的，金融的；financier金融家
如：1). She is an expert in finance.
2). The company is in serious financial crisis.
17.exceed: v数量上的超过
如：He accepts he was exceeding the speed limit。

18.exhaustive: adj 详尽的，彻底的；exhaust: v用尽，耗尽
如：1). This exhaustive study was conducted by the Royal Institute of Technology.
2). We have exhausted all our material resources.
19.assume: v 假定，假设；同根词：assumption
如：1). People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability.
2). For a number of reasons, we assume that such life does exist.
20.alleviate: v减轻，缓解；名词：alleviation
如：The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.
21.seasoned: adj 富有经验的
如：He began acting with the confidence of a seasoned performer.
22.offer: v 主动提出；n 提议
如：1). It was a tempting offer.
2). I must offer him an apology for my rudeness last night.
23.various: adj各种各样的；同根词：vary: v 使不同；使多样化；
variety: n 多样；种类
如：1). They are seeking financial support from various sources.
2). The music itself has so much variety.
24.professional: adj职业的，专业的；profession: n 职业，专业
如：1). This adds to their knowledge about the profession they are pursuing.
2). He is a professional tennis player.
25.unique: adj独一无二的
如：Everyone's fingerprints are unique.
二．课文重点短语，句子分析、讲解：
1. The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. (P1L1)
译文：自主创业的矛盾就在于挑战和回报的共存，这正是其与众不同之处。

语言点：making it an experience。

现在分词作伴随状语；使它成为一种与众不同的体验。

challenge and reward挑战和回报；
短语： lie in：在于。

2. By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for.(P1L4-5)
译文：通过接受一些合理的建议并且做好充分的准备，你的损失将会比预想的少的多。

语言点： By doing方式状语，通过做。

；
短语：follow some sound advice:听从一些合理建议（advice不可数名词）；
bargain for （= expect）：预想到，预料到
3. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.(P1L6)
译文：我最近开始创业，很荣幸地在这里跟大家分享我所积累的经验教训。

语言点： start a business开始创业；learned some crucial lessons学到了一些重要的教训；in the process在。

过程中；feel privileged to感到荣幸地做某事； share with sb:同某人分享
4. Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in that you’re just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn’t the answer.(P2L3)
译文：把所有的动机因素都写出来，按照重要性排序。

排好后，你可能发现自己对目前的工作不满意，自主创业并不是解决问题的办法。

语言点：see them listed看见这些动机因素被列好，表示被动，用的是see sth done结构；in that= in which, 定语从句的引导词，在这种模式里。

be unhappy at对。

不满意；
5. What skill and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table?(P3L1)
译文：你所掌握的独特的技能和知识给你带来了什么好处？
语言点：bring to the table带来好处
6. Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. (P3L2-3)
译文：在制定商业计划和营销策略，从事常规性工作时都要保持这份热情。

语言点：Keep...at the forefront of使。

处于重要地位
7. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics. (P3L4)
译文：如果你始终重视热情，你就能够以商务目的为核心来开展工作，而不仅仅是侧重物流工作。

语言点：stay focused on 保持专注于。

之上，stay是系动词；not solely= not only
短语：in plain sight：显而易见的；be focused on:专注于。

8. What will you do differently to draw in customers? (P4L2-3)
译文：你会采取什么不同的策略来吸引顾客呢？
语言点：draw in (= attract) customers吸引顾客
9. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.(P4L5)
译文：没有顾客你的公司就无法生存下去，因此，前期要充分地调查，确定是否有足够的多的潜在的客户能够让你的公司得以维持下去。

语言点：cannot survive without没有。

就无法生存；potential clients潜在的客户；keep your business alive使你的公司生存下去。

短语： do enough research进行足够的调查；on the front end在前期，在前端
10. If you have ever purchased a house, you know that the financial obligations extend beyond the down payment and mortgage. (P5L1)
译文：如果你曾经买过房子，你就知道财务责任远远不止是首付和房贷那么简单。

语言点： If 引导的是一个条件状语从句；that后面是一个宾语从句。

extend beyond延伸到。

之外，远远超过。

11. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that in the future. (P5L7-8)
译文：要为财务损失做好准备，寻求未来如何减轻财务负担的建议。

语言点：祈使句结构。

短语：Be prepared for为。

做好准备；get advice on寻求关于。

的建议； in the future 在未来
12. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in your own field.(P6L1)
译文：从有经验的商家那里寻求建议，甚至是那些你所在的领域的专家。

短语：Seek out寻求
13. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations.(P6L3--4)
译文：如果在你们社区或网络上有你想仿效的商家，可以仔细研究他/她在商业上的一贯做法，看看他们是如何应对各种情况的。

语言点：model动词，仿效；practices做法；handle various situations应对各种情况.
固定搭配：aspire to do sth:渴望做某事；
14. Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence, etc.(P7L1)
译文：一旦所有的准备工作就绪，你就要着手制定商业计划，申请执照，扩展市场等一系列的工作了。

语言点：Once（一旦。

）引导的是时间状语从句， developing...applying.
..establishing...这一串的动名词是表示一系列着手作的工作。

短语：have sth in place: 使。

准备就绪；be prepared to do sth: 准备好做某事；apply for: 申请。

15. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion. (P7L3)
译文：拥有自己的业务在专业领域是绝无仅有的，如果你有许多睿智的顾问，那么你事业就会让你每天都充满了激情。

语言点：在本句中，and连接两个并列句，第一个是简单句，主语是动名词Owning your own business；第二句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，而最后的that引导的又是一个定语从句，修饰career。

先讲解B篇后的部分作业题目（P177）
Ⅱ. Building your vocabulary
Section A: 该部分所有词汇在词汇的精讲部分中能够全部找到答案！
Section B: 选词填空，必要时要改变形式：(稍作讲解)
1.sound;
2.exceeded;
3.prioritize;
4.unique;
5.routine;
6.pattern
Section C: 给空格填入恰当一词：(稍作讲解)
1.in;
2.from;
3.for;
4.out;
5.for;
6.in
Ⅲ. Translation
Section A: 汉译英
1. Those who feel privileged to work with him have special memories.
2. In order to prevent this type of accident occurring again, we need to arrange security guards in place.
3. I think we can completely assume that he is not in the city.
4. There are concerns that it may be impossible for the refugees to survive the winter.
5. There are tough penalties for those who exceed the speed limit.
Section B: 英译汉
在下定决心决定要走哪条路之前，先仔细想想，认真审视一下你要开公司的动机。

好多人都想发财，逃避公司枯燥乏味的工作，缩短工作时间，延长闲暇时间。

以上这些原因没有一个能促进公司成功的。

如果你侧重于解决顾客的问题或者满足顾客的需求，相信你能够比其他任何人做的更好；渴望延长工作时间，身兼数职，承担诸多责任，这样就能摆正创业的心态了。

此外，你还需要具备一些人格特质，如：要乐于一个人努力地工作，至少在第一年也许在更长的时间了是这样的。