English in a Changing World

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【中考英语】初中英语九年级上《Unit 1 The Changing World》教案2

【中考英语】初中英语九年级上《Unit 1 The Changing World》教案2

Unit 1 The Changing WorldUnit 1 Our country has developed rapidly.Section B单项选择( )1 Jessie learnt a lot ______ the book after reading it.A. fromB. ofC. atD. with【答案】A【解析】考查短语〃learn...from从…学习到…",应选A.( )2. You ______ part in an English club, didn1 t you?A. have takenB. tookC. takeD. to take【答案】B【解析】考查短语”take part in参加,参与",因为后有didn' t,所以用过去时。

应选B.( )3. _____ I had no time to travel, _______ I still felt very happy.A. Though, butB. However, /C. Although, butD. Though, /【答案】D【解析】句意为:尽管我没时间旅行,我仍然很快乐。

考查though,although弓|导的让步状语从句,他们不能与but连用,应选D.( )4. To help others ________ us happy.A. makesB. makeC. makingD. made【答案】A【解析】动词不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数。

应选A.( )5. I have no time ________ the football game because I have to prepare for my exam.A.watchB. watchedC. watchingD. to watch【答案】D【解析】考查句型"have no time to do sth.没时间做某事〃( )6. ______ wonderful experience!A.HowB. What aC. How aD. what【答案】B【解析】考查感慨句,what a/an +adj + n!和how+adj/adv+主+谓!( )7. John __________ me for a long time. I decide to visit him tomorrow.A. hasn' t sawB. haven' t seenC. hasn' t seenD. hasn' t see【答案】C【解析】根据句意:他很长时间不看我了,可知考查现在完成时的否认形式:haven' t/hasn, t done,应选C.( )8. Both Amy and Sally have done ________________ .A. meaningful somethingB. something meaningfulC. meaningful anythingD. anything meaningful【答案】B【解析】形容词修饰不定代词,要放在不定代词之后,排除AC,肯定句用something,否认句用anything,应选B.( )9. Jim thinks his experience ______ a volunteer was wonderful.A. asB. likeC. forD. to【答案】A【解析】考查介词的用法,as作为,like像for为了,to到,根据句意:他认为作为志愿者的经历很棒,应选A.( )10. —Has Amy gone to the hospital?A. Yes, she hasn' tB. No, she hasC. Yes, she haveD. No, she hasn' t【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时的一般疑问句的肯定答复和否认答复。

九年级英语上册Unit1TheChangingWorldSectionD

九年级英语上册Unit1TheChangingWorldSectionD
playing cards or chess
In the past
watching operas listening to the radio
playing and watching team sports
At present
chatting on the Internet
playing games on computers
Leisure activitiesare the kinds of things people like to do to
relax and enjoy themselves when they are not working or going to
school.
watch movies in the open air
第二页,共二十二页。
Present Perfect (Ⅰ)
Grammar
I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.
She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.
China has developed rapidly since the reform and
A. goes
B. have
C. plays
D. get
4. Miss Green isn’t in the office . She ______ to the library.
A. has gone
B. went
C.will go
D. has been
第十六页,共二十二页。
Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。

关于英语语言的变化

关于英语语言的变化

关于英语语言的变化关于英语语言的变化About Language ChangeIs the English language changing?Yes, and so is every other human language. Language is always changing, evolving, and adapting to the needs of its users. This isn't a bad thing; if English hadn't changed since, say, 1950, we wouldn't have words to refer to modems, fax machines, or cable TV. As long as the needs of languageusers continue to change, so will the language. The change is so slow that from year to year we hardly notice it (except to grumble every so oftenabout the 'poor English' being used by the younger generation!). Butreading Shakespeare's writings from the sixteenth century can bedifficult. If you go back a couple more centuries, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales are very tough sledding, and if you went back another 500 years totry to read Beowulf, it would be like reading a different language.Why does language change?Language changes for several reasons. First, it changes because the needs of its speakers change. New technologies, new products, and newexperiences require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently.Consider the fax machine: Originally it was called a facsimile machine, because it allowed one person to send another a copy,or facsimile, ofa document. As the machines became more common, people began using the shorter form fax to refer to both the machine and the document; from there, it was just a short step to using the word fax as a verb (as in I'll fax this over to Sylvia).Another reason for change is that no two people have had exactly the same language experience. We all know a slightly different set of words and constructions, depending on our age, job, education level, region of the country, and so on. We p ick up new w ords and phrases from all the different people we talk with, and these combine to make something new and unlike any other person's particular way of speaking. At the same t ime, various groups in society use language as a way of marking their group identity- showing who is and isn't a member of the group. Many o f the changes that occur in language begin with teens and young adults: As young peopleinteract with others their own a ge, their language grows to include words, phrases, and constructions that are different from those of the oldergeneration. Some have a short life span (heard groovy lately?), but others stick around to affect the language as a whole.We get new words from many different places. We borrow them from other languages (sushi, chutzpah), we create them by shortening longer words(gym from gymnasium) or by combining words (brunch from breakfast and lunch), and we make them out of proper names (Levis, fahrenheit). Sometimes we even create a new word by being wrong about the analysis ofan existing word. That's how the word pea was created: Four hundred years ago, the word pease was used to refer to either a single pea or a bunchof them. But over time, people assumed that pease was a plural form, for which pea must be the singular, and a new word - pea- was born. (The same thing would happen if people began to think of the word cheese as referringto more than one chee.)Word order also changes, though this process is much slower. Old English word order was much more 'free' than that of Modern English, and evencomparing the Early Modern English of the King James Bible with today'sEnglish shows differences in word order. For example, the King James B ible translates Matthew 6:28 as "Consider the lilies of the field, how theygrow; they toil not." In a more recent translation, the last phrase istranslated as "they do not toil". English no longer places not after the verb in a sentence.Finally, the sounds of a language change over time, too. About 500 years ago English began to undergo a major change in the way its vowels were pronounced. Before that, geese would have rhymed with today's pronunciation of face, while mice would have rhymed with today's peace. But then a 'Great Vowel Shift' began to occur, during which the ay sound (as in pay) changed to ee(as in fee) in all the words containing it, while the ee sound changed to i(as in pie). In all, seven different vowel sounds were affected. If you've ever wondered why most other European languages spell the sound ay with an e (as in fiancé)and the sound ee with an i (as in aria), it's because those languages didn't undergo the Great Vowel Shift. Only English did.Wasn't English more elegant in Shakespeare's day?People tend to think that older forms of language are more elegant, logical, or correct than modern Forms, but it's just not true. The Fact thatlanguage is always changing doesn't mean it's getting worse; it's justbecoming different.In Old English, a small winged creature with Feathers was known as a brid. Over time, the pronunciation changed to bird. Although it's not hard to imagine children in the 1400's being scolded For 'slurring' brid into bird, it's clear that bird won out. Nobody today would suggest that bird is an incorrect word or a sloppy pronunciation.The speech patterns of young people tend to grate on the ears of adultsbecause they're unfamiliar. Also, new words and phrases are used in spoken or informal language sooner than in Formal, written language, so it's true that the phrases you hear teenagers using may not yet be appropriate For business letters. But that doesn't mean they're worse - just newer. Foryears English teachers and newspaper editors argued that the wordhopefully shouldn't be used to mean 'I hope', as in Hopefully it won'train today, even though people frequently used it that way in informalspeech. (And, of course nobody complained about other 'sentence adverbs' such as frankly and actually.) Now the battleagainst hopefully is all but lost, and it appears at the beginnings of sentences even in formal documents.If you listen carefully, you can hear language change in progress. Forexample, anymore used to occur only in negative sentences: I don't eat pizza anymore. But now, in many areas of the country, it's being used inpositive sentences: I've been eating a lot of pizza anymore. In this use, anymore means s omething like 'lately'. If that sounds odd to you now, keep listening; you may be hearing it in your neighborhood before long.Why can't people just use correct English?By 'correct English', people usually mean Standard English. Mostlanguages have a standard Form; it's the Form of the language used in government, education, and other Formal contexts. But Standard Englishis just one dialect of English.What's important to realize is that there's no such thing as a 'sloppy'or 'lazy' dialect. Every dialect of every language has rules - not'schoolroom' rules like 'don't split your infinitives', but rather thesorts of rules that tell us that the cat slept is a sentence of English,but slept cat the isn't. These rules tell us what language is like rather than what it should be like.Different dialects have different rules. For example:(l) I didn't eat any dinner.(2) I didn't eat no dinner.Sentence (l) follows the rules of Standard English; sentence (2) follows a set of rules present in several other dialects. But neither is sloppier than the other; they just differ in the rule For making a negative sentence. In (l), dinner is marked as negative with any; in (2), it's marked as negative with no. The rules are different, but neither is more logicalor elegant than the other. In Fact, Old English regularly used 'doublenegatives', parallel to what we see in (2), and many modern languages,including Italian and Spanish, either allow or require more than onenegative word in a sentence. Sentences like (2) only sound 'bad' if youdidn't happen to grow up speaking a dialect that uses them.You may have been taught to avoid 'split infinitives', as in (3):(3) 1 was asked to thoroughly water the garden.This is said to be 'ungrammatical' because thoroughly splits' the infinitive to water. Why are split infinitives so bad? Here's why: Seventeenth-century grammarians believed Latin was the ideal language,so they thought English should be as much l ike Latin as possible. In Latin, an infinitive like to water is a single word; it's impossible to splitit up. So today, 300 years later, we're still being taught that sentences like (3) are wrong, all because someone in the 1600's thought Englishshould be more like Latin.Here's one last example. Over the past few decades, threenew ways ofreporting speech have appeared:(4) So Karen goes, "Wow - I wish I'd been there!"(5) So Karen is like, "Wow - I wish I'd been there!"(6) So Karen is all, "Wow - I wish I'd been there!"In (4), goes means pretty much the same thing as said; it's used for reporting Karen's actual words. In (5), is like means the speaker is telling us more or less what Karen said. If Karen had used different words for the same basic idea, (5) would be appropriate, but (4) would not.Finally, is all in (6) is a fairly new construction. In most of the areas where it's used, it means something similar to is like, but with extra emotion. If Karen had simply been reporting the time, it would be okayto say She's like, "It's five o'clock", but odd to say She's all, "It'sfive o'clock" - unless there was something exciting about it being fiveo'clock.A lazy way of talking? Not at all; the younger generation has made a useful three-way distinction where we p reviously only had the word said. Language will never stop changing; it will continue to respond to the needs of the people who use it. So the next time you hear a new phrase that grates onyour ears, remember that, like everything else in nature, the Englishlanguage is a work in progress.附件四三四单元作业Unit 3I. Choose the best one to fill in the blank.1. National language is used within national boundaries. English in this century has a become a ___________ .A. national languageB. international languageC. regional languageD. global language2. Several reasons can explain the why English has become an international language or global language--- Britain Empire was once very large, it is the dominant language of USA and it is the language of _________ .A. literature and historyB. government and authorityC. law and militaryD. science and technology3. Languages a re bound with feelings of loyalty and patriotism to their speakers’ country. It is called ___________ .A. language barrierB. language attitudeC. language useD. language skills4. The English used by these Black slaves is what we termed as Black English, or ________ . (Ebonic)A. American slangB. argotC. pidginD. Ebonic5. The English language had a special role in making a large_______, from different parts of the world, into a single nation.( population)A. countryB. communityC. populationD. racial group6. Speakers of British English and American English understand each other without difficulty. A more formal way of saying this is to say that British English & American English are mutually _________ . (intelligible)A. intelligibleB. independentC. incompatibleD. invisible7. By the discovery of the New World is meant discovery and settlement in ___________.A. AustraliaB. IndiaC. North AmericaD. South Africa8. Since the decline of British imperial power, the English language has __________ .A. become less importantB. become more importantC. remained important, but in a different wayD. declined sharply in importance9.The total number of users of varieties of English is ___________ the total number of users of varieties of Chinese.A. still much smaller thanB. much larger thanC. the same asD. almost as much as10. The label ________ is often given to the end of 20th centurysince much more information is available than ever before and it can be stored and transferred in ways never possible before.A. Information AgeB. Computer maniaC. GloblizaionD. Internet PopularityII. Translate the following into ChineseBraj Kachru who is from Indian sub-continent, uses 3 circles to show his audience how English is used. There are 3 circles that overlap (p.147). They are the Inner Circle (which represents n ative speakers-users w ho use English as their mother tongue); the Outer Circle (which represents places where English is used for purposes of international business and sometimes for official business within the country. Most of these places were once part of the British Empire); and the Expanding Circle (where English is not an official language but the number of English users are still increasing who don’t think English belongs to Britain or North America. Instead, they think the language is one of theirs.) III. Read the following and then answer the questions.One thing we have to point out is that the number of English users has always been increasing. The world is changing, so is the number of English learners. Because of technical reasons, the change is more rapidtoday.We are living in so-called Information Age. Information spreads veryrapidly and is taken advantage of by more people and in more fields. Theinvention and the use of computer is a good case in point. And as aninternational language, the function of English has helped the spread andtransfer of information. The side use of English has strengthened itsposition worldwide in return. Though there are some other languageswhich can be called international languages, English is obviously moreimportant and should be termed as global language. It has gone beyondany boundaries.English learning, therefore, has a lot to do with the advancement ofscience and the application of technology as well. Students are learning itat school and working adults are learning it for various purposes. Atpresent, there is no sign of declining in the learning and using of English.The role English plays in the modern world is evident. But, people mightask if it has disadvantages t oo? Or can it be replaced by some otherlanguages?People have complaints about English. For instance, one needs a largevocabulary to read well; some sounds are hard to pronounce, and it’s not easy to handle the use of countable nouns and uncountable nouns, etc.To solve the problem, some people put forward a solution,namely, usingtongue to takea language that has nothing to do with a nybody’s motherthe place of English as an international language. Hence, people don’thave to be bothered by the change of time, place and audience.It is not practical to use Latin or Greek for the purpose. So, in 19th toearly 20th century, people created a few languages to fulfill the task. Themost famous and successful man-made language is Esperanto. Yet, it hasnever been successful in competing with English even though there aresome people using the language all the time.Some people suggested that a natural language be simplified, for exampleEnglish. In fact, Noah Webster already did the job long before bysimplifying the English spelling in order that American children can learnit more easily. And in 1930, a person named Ogden already published hissimplified English version. During the 2nd World War, the basic Englishwords people made were only 850 and they could not meet people’swriting needs.As we all know, there are many languages in the world. In theeyes of thelinguists all languages are equal and there is no good one or bad (in otherwords: developed or primitive) one, just like we say all humans are equaland should be respected.Can we say that English is widely used because t it better fits in theinternational circumstances t han other languages? I t seems irrational toconclude so. The spread of it, as we covered before, was absolutelycaused by political, economic and cultural factors instead of linguistic reasons.The idea of equality or parity among languages is important, and it needs to be carefully understood. No languages that we know about are underdeveloped or primitive. Languages change with time, as the needsof their users change, but change does not mean evolutionary progress. Languages and dialects are valued differently and used differently for historical, political, economic and cultural reasons.1. Has the number of English users always been increasing or decreasing?2. The number of English learners change more rapidly, why?3. As an international language, has English helped the spread and transfer of information?4. What is the result of the side use of English?5. Give examples to show what do people complaint about English language.6. People have practiced two things to solve the problem. What are they?7. What do linguists regard languages in the way of equality?8. What are the factors leading to the spread of English language?9. Is it true that English is widely used because t it better fits in the international circumstances than other languages?10. Is it true that if a language community is primitive, then its language must be undeveloped?Unit 4I. Choose the best one to fill in the blank1.The idea of equality or ________ among languages is important and needs to be carefully understood.A. parityB. qualityC. unityD. antiquity2. No languages that we know about are undeveloped or ________.A. primitiveB. nativeC. authenticD. artificial3. Languages and dialects are valued_________ and used differently for historical, political, economic and cultural reasons.A. independentlyB. differentlyC. rarelyD. indifferently4. It is _____ to learn to read the English of a past time. Thefurther backin the past the more difficult it is and the longer it takes.A. impossibleB. possibleC. easyD. linguists’ job5. A ________is the sort of English use which is associated witha part of society, that is with rich or poor, well or poorly educated.A. regional varietyB. historical varietyC. social varietyD. RP variety6. There are 2 distinct stages in the study of a language. The 1st stage is the study of sound system and grammar system of a language; while the 2nd is ____________.A. using English in a variety of waysB. through revision, going over the same groundwork againC. practicing English conversationD. focusing on grammar rules7. English differs with the user, and also with the different________ that speakers have for English.A. usesB. lexiconsC. grammarD. formality8. English is used in different circumstances with different degrees of___________.A. formalityB. stabilityC. realityD. equality9. The written account is for readers who __________the experience, so it has to be more complete than the spoken version.A. did shareB. did not shareC. heard ofD. lived through10. Style has to be consistent---not uneven. Competent writers and speakers avoid mixing some words suitable for serious contexts with those that are not.A. tryB. enjoyC. avoidD. likeII. list the differences between spoken & written English:Spoken WrittenSpoken:1. The work between 2 or more people who are both speakers & listeners.2. There is reminding, interrupting, hesitation, asking and answering questions in the process.3. Not keep to a single point and things known to the speakers may be left out.4. Slang or words known to people involved in the talk may be usedWritten:1. The work of one person for many readers.2. May be read a long time after it is written.3. No interruption between the writer & the readers.4. About what the writer thinks the readers need to know and say all about it.5. Arranged in best order for readers to comprehend.6. Is put clearly to avoid confusion or puzzlement on the readers side.7. Is changing as in other respects, and generally nearer speech than it was before。

仁爱版英语九年级上Unit1TheChangingWorld单元测试教学内容

仁爱版英语九年级上Unit1TheChangingWorld单元测试教学内容

仁爱版英语九年级上Un i t1TheCh a n gi n g W o r l d单元测试【启用★绝密】仁爱版英语九上Unit 1 《The Changing World》单元测试Ⅰ.单项选择201. —Where are Maria and Kangkang?—They ___________ England.A. have been toB. are awayC. have gone toD. had been in2.___________ the Great Green Wall, the land produces (生产出) more crops.A. Thanks forB. Thanks toC. Thank toD. Thank for3. I think that you have made so rapid ___________ in math.A. a progressB. progressC. progressesD. progressed4. —How do you like Beijing, Miss Read?—I've no idea. I ___________ there.A. have goneB. have beenC. haven't beenD. haven't gone5.—What ___________ to your village in recent years?—Lots of roads, buildings, parks and so on.A. takes placeB. have happenedC. has happenedD. happened6.—What did you do during your summer holiday?—I spent my holiday ___________ English in Summer Classes.A. improvingB. improvesC.to improveD. improve7. I have broken your glasses. I feel sorry ___________ it.A.toB.atC. withD. for8. The family was ___________ poor ___________ they couldn't buy a TV set.A.so; thatB. not; untilC. not; butD.so; but9. —They have been to Australia.—So ____________ I.A.doB. have beenC. didD. have10.The population of Shanghai is larger than ____________ of Shenyang.A. thatB.itC.oneD. this11. —____________ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?—It ____________ about 296 million.A. What is; isB. What was; wasC. How many is; wasD. How many was; is12.____________ of the teachers are women in our school.A. Two thirdB. Two threesC. Two thirdsD. Second three13.He's read this book before, ____________?A. hasn't heB. doesn't heC.isn't heD. wasn't he14.The ____________ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.A. increaseB. increasedC. increasingD. increases15.The little girl has ____________ finished reading the book you lent her.A. alreadyB. yetC. stillD. once16. —What has happened in your hometown?—Great changes ____________ in my hometown recently.A. have been taken placeB. have taken placeC. have been happenedD. was happened17.Students today have a lot of pressure(压力) ____________ they have to learn too much knowledge atschool.A.in order toB. unlessC. becauseD. because of18. —I have never visited a paper factory.—____________A. So have I.B. So I have.C. Neither have I.D.I haven't now.19.I think it's good ___________ us ___________ eat healthy food.A. for; toB. for; forC.to; forD.to; to20. The traffic in the city ___________ be terrible, but now it has improved a lot. I think you will___________ it soon.A. use to; use toB. get used to; used toC. used to; get used toD. get used to; use toⅡ.情景交际 5A: Do you like living in the city or the countryside?B: 21A: But I think the countryside is much better than the city for living.B: 22A: Because there is terrible traffic and too much noise in the city.B: 23 I think the city is a wonderful place to live in, because we can go to parties, concerts and operas every day if we like. 24A: 25 But I like living in a quiet and safe place.A.I don't think so.B. Maybe you are right.C.I like living in the city.D. Why do you think so?E. We can also have better education in the city than in thecountryside.F. What about you?G. It's very quiet in the village.Ⅲ.完形填空10Life in the 21st century will be different from that in the 20th century, because many changes 26 in the new century, 27 what will the changes be?First, the population is growing very fast. There 28 more and more people in the world and most of them will live longer than before. Computers will be 29 smaller and more useful, and there will be 30 one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the most important 31 in schools.Second, people will work fewer hours than they did in the 20th century, and they'll have more free time for sports, 32 TV and traveling. Traveling will be even cheaper and easier. And more people will go to 33 countries for holidays.Third, there will be changes in our food, too. People will use more land 34 new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day, instead, they will eat more vegetables and fruit. Maybe people will be healthier.Last, work in the future will be 35 , too. Robots will do the dangerous and hard work. Because of this, many people won't have enough work to do. This will be a problem.( )26.A.take place B.take the place C.will happen D.have taken place( )27.A.but B.and C.so D.or( )28.A.will be B.will have C.are D.have( )29.A.very B.quite C.much D.too( )30.A.at most B.at least C.more than D.less than( )31.A.classes B.lessons C.topicsD.subjects( )32.A.watch B.watching C.see D.seeing( )33.A.another B.the other C.other D.others( )34.A.build B.builds C.for build D.to build( )35.A.dangerous B.difficult C.different D.the sameⅣ.阅读理解30(A)Each nation has many people who help to take care of others. For example, some high school and孤儿院) or college students in the U.S.A. often spend many hours as volunteers in the hospitals, orphanages (rest homes. They read books to the people in these places, or they just visit them and play games with themor listen to their problems.Other young volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow (割,修剪) their lawns. For boys who no longer have fathers, there is an organization called Big Brothers. College students and some other men take these boys tobaseball games or fishing trips and help them get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers.Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games. Some of these clubs show films or organize short trips to the mountains or some places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to know the problems and needs of young boys and girls.Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happinessto others.根据短文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。

仁爱初中英语九年级上册Unit 1 the changing world词组句子基础知识归纳背诵版

仁爱初中英语九年级上册Unit 1 the changing world词组句子基础知识归纳背诵版

2019-2020学年仁爱英语九年级上学期单词,词组,句子背默Unit 1 topic 1e back from 从……回来2.see ... oneself 亲眼目睹……3.take place 发生4.in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代5.find a proper place 找一个合适的地方6.living conditions 生活条件7.take photos 照相8.ring roads 环形路9.improve one’s English 提高某人的英语10.enjoy leisure activities 享受娱乐活动11.take part in 参加12.keep in touch with sb. 与……保持联系13.volunteer activities 志愿者活动14.far away 远离15.disabled children’s home 残疾儿童之家16.all / many sorts of ... 所有/许多种类17.learn a lot from ... 从……学到很多18.not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……19.have no time to do sth. 没时间做某事20.modern schools 现代化的学校21.write an article about ... 写一篇关于……的文22.what’s more 更有甚者23.have / live a hard life 过着艰苦的生活24.made rapid progress 取得快速的进步25.describe sth. in detail 详细地描述某物26.succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事27.afford an education for .. 供得起……的教育28.dream about 梦想29.spend one’s childhood 度过某人的童年30.in the open air 在户外31.in order to do sth. 为了做某事32.go to the movie theater 去电影院33.support one’s family 供养家庭34.take exercise 体育锻炼35.child laborers 童工36.go roller skating 滑旱冰37.day and night 日日夜夜38.with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下39.develop rapidly 发展迅速40.consider doing sth. 考虑做某事41.give support to sb. 给某人支持42.with the development of .. 随着……的发展43.write a composition 写一篇作文44.get/receive a good education 获得好的教育45.check over 检查46.have a/no chance to do sth. 有/没有机会做某事47.thanks to the government’s efforts 多亏政府的努力48.more than 多于三、1. Great change s have taken place there and my hometown has become more and more beautiful.那儿变化很大,而且我的家乡变得越来越美丽了。

英语为什么能成为世界语言英语作文

英语为什么能成为世界语言英语作文

英语为什么能成为世界语言英语作文Why English has become a global languageEnglish is the most widely spoken language in the world and has become a global language with over 1.5 billion speakers. There are several reasons why English has achieved this status and why it is considered a global language.Firstly, the historical reasons for English becoming a global language are rooted in the British Empire's colonization efforts. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the British Empire spread across the globe, taking English to different continents and countries. As a result, English became the language of communication among the British colonies and with the people they interacted with. This helped establish English as a global language.Secondly, English has become the language of international business and communication. In today's globalized world, English is the language of choice for business transactions, international trade, diplomacy, and communication among people from different countries. It is also the dominant language in science, technology, and academia, with a large majority of research papers and articles being published in English. Thiswidespread use of English in various fields has contributed to its status as a global language.Furthermore, the influence of the United States, a major English-speaking country, has played a significant role in the global spread of English. American culture, media, and entertainment have a huge impact on people around the world, and many people learn English to access American movies, music, TV shows, and literature. This has further popularized English and made it a global language.Additionally, English is a relatively easy language to learn compared to other languages, which makes it appealing to people who want to learn a new language for travel, work, or personal reasons. The global popularity of English language courses, textbooks, and online resources also make it easier for people to learn English and improve their fluency.In conclusion, English has become a global language due to historical, economic, cultural, and linguistic reasons. Its widespread use in commerce, communication, and media, as well as its accessibility and ease of learning, have all contributed to its status as the world's dominant language. As a result, English is likely to remain a global language for many years to come.。

英语仁爱版九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World

英语仁爱版九年级上册 Unit 1  The Changing World
sounds, such as help/jump, play/turn or wait/end.
Verb
clean jump chat
fly do am/is/are shut …
Past Tense
cleaned jumped chatted flew
did was/were
shut …
Past Participle
I have beento Mount Huang with my parents.
Oh, she has gone to the library.
现在完成时: have/has + 过去分词
Choose the best answer.
B 1. –– Where is Zhao Ming?
–– He ______ the playground. He is playing football there.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. have been to
D. goes to
A 2. Great changes ______ in my hometown.
A. have taken placeB. take place
C. have happened
D. happened
• 他跑的太快以至于我们都赶不上。 • so...that...引导的从句有时可以和too...to...句型
互换。
• e.g. He is so young that he can’t go to school. = He is too young to go to school.
• 他太小了, 还不能上学。

仁爱版九年级英语上册Unit1《TheChangingWorld》单元测试(含答案)

仁爱版九年级英语上册Unit1《TheChangingWorld》单元测试(含答案)
and operas every day if we like.
14
A:15 But I like living in a quiet and safe place.
精选资料
A.I don't think so.
B.Maybe you are right.
C.I like living in the city.
___________ it soon.
e to; use toB.get used to; used to
ed to; get used toD.get used to; use to
8.His father has worked in this factory ___________ he came here in 1980.
most of them will live longer than before. Computers will be19smaller and more useful,
and there willbe20one in every home. And computer studies willbe one of the most
(
)16.A.take place
B.take the place
C.will happen
D.have taken place
(
B.and
C.so
D.or
(
)18.A.will be
B.will have
C.are
D.have
(
B.quite
C.much
D.too
(
)20.A.at most
B.at least

仁爱版九年级英语上册Unit1《TheChangingWorld》单元测试(有答案)

仁爱版九年级英语上册Unit1《TheChangingWorld》单元测试(有答案)

Unit 1《The Changing World》单元测试Ⅰ .单项选择1.— They have been to Australia.— So ____________ I.A.doB.have beenC.didD.have 2.The population of Shanghai is larger than____________ of Shenyang. A.that B.it C.one D.this3.— ____________ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?— It ____________ about 296 million.A.What is; isB.What was; wasC.How many is; wasD.How many was; is4.____________ of the teachers are women in our school.A.Two thirdB.Two threesC.Two thirdsD.Second three5.He's read this book before, ____________?A.hasn't heB.doesn't heC.isn't heD.wasn't he6.The ____________ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.A.increaseB.increasedC.increasingD.increases7.The little girl has ____________ finished reading the book you lent her.A.alreadyB.yetC.stillD.once8.— What has happened in your hometown?— Great changes ____________ in my hometown recently.A.have been taken placeB.have taken placeC.have beenhappened D.was happened9.Students today have a lot of pressure(压力 ) ____________ they have to learn too much knowledge at school.A.in order toB.unlessC. becauseD.because of10.— I have never visited a paper factory.— ____________A.So have I.B.So I have.C.Neither have I.D.I haven't now.Ⅱ .情形社交A:Hi, Mike! You're reading the novel again.B:Yes, John. I've never been tired of it.A:11B:Three times. Every time I read it, I can learn something new.A:Really?12B:Charles Dickens. I think he is a great English writer.A:13 He is also my favorite foreign writer. Please let me have a look at it.B:OK, here you are! ... What do you think of this novel?A:14 I haven't seen such a novel for long. Where did you buy it?B:In the Xinhua Bookshop.A: I don't know where it is.15B:No, only 10 minutes' walk from here, next to the People's Cinema.A:Oh, I see. I'm going there to get one, too. Thank you!B:You're welcome!A.I have already finished reading it.B.Who wrote it?C.How many times have you read it?D.So do I.E.Have you finished it yet?F. Is it far from here?G.It's exciting.Ⅲ .完形填空What is the population of China? There are more than a billion and three hundred million people in China. It is almost one fifth of the world's population. How to control the population growth is abig problem. Some people think16control the population growth. But I don't agree17 them, because where there's a will, there is a way.The question is that we should make it18how serious the population problem is. Our farmland is becoming less and less to everyone. We have already got too many mouths to feed.19we control the population growth, many people will die20hunger. Too fast population growth has been and will be bad for our nation. Though laws(法律 ) have been21to control the population growth, in some places22is done to carry out the law. We should make people 23that it is foolish to bring too many children into the world. They should24do what they have been doing for many years.We are fighting against the rapid population growth. Yes, the fighting won't end25everyone knows its importance and does something for it. Let's go on working hard on it together. ()16.A.that is impossible for B.impossible ofC.that is impossible ofD.it impossible to( B.for C.with D.on()18.A.known to everybody B.known by everybodyC.know to everybodyD.know by everybody()19.A.If not B.Unless C.Until D.If( B.about C.from D.out of( B.passed C.broken D.past( B.little C.a lot D.much()23.A.to know B.to learn C.know D.learning()24.A.not longer B.not more C.no longer D.no more( B.after C.when D.asⅣ .阅读理解(A)Most people in Britain live in small family groups. More than a quarter of homes in Britain have only one person living in them. Some of these persons are old but some are of twenty to thirty who choose to live alone. 35% of homes have two people living in them, and another 17% have threepeople. 15% have four people living in them, and the other homes have five or more.The families in Britain are small. It is unusual for parents to have more than two children. When children are about eighteen or nineteen, they leave their parents' home, and they often go toother cities. Sometimes they only visit their parents two or three times a year.依据短文内容,判断正(T)误( F)。

九年级英语上册Unit1TheChangingWorld知识点(新版)仁爱版

九年级英语上册Unit1TheChangingWorld知识点(新版)仁爱版

九年级英语上册:Unit 1 Topic1 1 Our country has developed rapidly.一·词组。

take place 发生,进行①keep in touch with…跟…保持联系②get in touch with…与…取得联系reform and opening-up 改革开放make progress 取得进展succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事take photos 照相learn…from…向... 学习……put on 举办,上演,展出more than 超过,多于see sth. oneself 亲眼目睹某物have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事far away 遥远的play a/an…part起……作用,有……影响in one's spare time 在某人空闲时间be happy/glad/pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事have a good summer holiday 过一个快乐的暑假a group of old people 一群老人be crowded into sp. 挤在一个地方receive a good education 接受好的教育not only … but also 不仅…而且satisfy people's needs 满足人们的需求enjoy good medical care 享受好的医疗照顾①remember the past 记住过去②live in the present 立足现在③dream about the future 展望未来make a tour abroad 出国旅游used to do sth. 过去常做某事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代in a short time 在短时间内二.句子1.Where have you been? 你已经去过哪了?I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. 我和我的父母去了黄山。

Unit 1 The Changing World- Topic 2-九年级英语上册课后培优练(仁

Unit 1 The Changing World- Topic 2-九年级英语上册课后培优练(仁

Unit 1 The Changing WorldTopic 2本课重点 1.掌握重点词汇短语及句型2.继续学习并掌握现在完成时3.掌握由so+ be/助动词/情态动词+主语的倒装句本课难点 1.完成时标志词的用法及区别2.由so引导的倒装句的用法常考句型 1.I have just called you,but you weren’t in.2.I’ve never been there before.3.I don’t want to go there any more.4.I’ve never been there before.5.Have you found him yet?6.--I really hate going to a place like that. --So do I.7.What a large population!8.What’s the population of ....?....基础过关一、词汇过关(完成并熟记下列重点单词及拓展)1)还,仍adv._________ 人口n.____________ 增加,增多n./v._____________2)实现,达到,够得着v.____________ 社会的,社交的adj._____________3)更差,更糟adj./adv._____________ 政府n.________________4)阻止,使灰心v.________________ 优秀的,杰出的adj.________________5)luckily adv.—__________adj.—__________n. policy n.—_________n.(pl.复数)6)Russia v.—____________ n./adj. natural adj.—__________n.二、短语过关(完成并熟记下列的重点短语)1)给某人打电话________________ 2)迷路____________________3) 有……人口__________________ 4)执行__________________5)越来越糟_______________ 6)更糟糕的是___________________7)到目前为止________________ 8)采取措施做某事______________________ 9)最…的…之一____________________ 10)作为…而出名_______________________ 11)在…方面成效显著_______________ 12)幸亏;多亏了_______________13)增加了……____________ 14)增加到... ______________15)给某人提供某物(supply) ___________________________=______________________________三、句型过关(完成并熟记下列的重点句子)1. 我刚才打电话给你,但是你没在家。

仁爱版英语九年级(上)全册课文翻译(互译版)

仁爱版英语九年级(上)全册课文翻译(互译版)

仁爱版英语九年级(上)全册课文翻译(互译版)读书离不开的就是考试,有考试就会有考前需要注意的一些事项。

接下来就给孩子们考试提出几点建议,希望能对你们有所帮助。

再次祝愿各位宝贝都能够取得优异的成绩,顺利升入理想中学、进入理想的班集体!Unit 1 The changing world变化中的世界1Topic 1 Our country has developed rapidly我国发展迅速Section A1a:(After a long holiday, Kangkang is happy to see his friends.)(长假过后,康康很高兴会见到他的朋友们。

)Hi, Jane! Did you have a good summer holiday?你好,简,你暑假过得愉快吗?Yes. What about you?是的,你呢?Not bad. Rita, you have just come back from your hometown. How was your trip?不错。

丽塔,你刚从家乡回来,你的旅行怎么样?Great! I went to many places near my home in India. Great changes have taken place there and my hometown has become more and more beautiful. Where have you been, Jane? 好极了!在印度,我去了我家附近的很多地方。

那里发生了很大的变化,而且我的家乡变得越来越美丽了。

简,你去哪里了?I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. It's a beautiful place. But there were so many people that I couldn't find a good place to take photos. And where have you been, Kangkang ? 我和我的父母去过黄山,那是一个美丽的地方。

英文作文改变世界

英文作文改变世界

英文作文改变世界Title: How English Writing Can Change the World。

In today's interconnected world, the power of language, particularly English, cannot be underestimated. English has become the lingua franca of the global community, and proficient English writing has the potential to catalyze significant change on a global scale. Through effective communication, persuasion, and advocacy, English writing can address pressing issues, inspire action, and foster understanding across cultures. In this essay, we will explore how English writing can indeed change the world.Firstly, English writing serves as a potent tool for raising awareness about critical issues. Whether it's climate change, social injustice, or human rights violations, well-crafted English essays, articles, and reports have the ability to shine a spotlight on these issues, making them accessible to a global audience. Through compelling narratives, statistical evidence, andpersuasive arguments, English writers can capture the attention of readers worldwide, prompting them to consider the urgency of the issues at hand and the need forcollective action.Moreover, English writing can spark dialogue and debate, paving the way for meaningful change. By presenting diverse perspectives, challenging conventional wisdom, andproposing innovative solutions, writers can engage readersin constructive discourse, encouraging them to reevaluate their beliefs and attitudes. Whether it's through opinion pieces, blog posts, or scholarly articles, English writers have the opportunity to ignite intellectual curiosity and inspire individuals to think critically about the world around them.Furthermore, English writing has the power to drive social and political movements. Throughout history, influential texts such as Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" have galvanized entire communities, rallying them behind causes of justice andequality. In today's digital age, social media platforms and online publications amplify the reach of such writings, enabling them to mobilize support and mobilize grassroots activism on a global scale. Whether it's through hashtags, viral campaigns, or online petitions, English writing can mobilize individuals to become agents of change in their own communities.Additionally, English writing can foster cross-cultural understanding and empathy. By sharing personal stories, exploring different cultural contexts, and celebrating diversity, writers can bridge divides and cultivate a sense of shared humanity. Through literature, poetry, andcreative nonfiction, English writers can transcendlinguistic and cultural barriers, fostering empathy and compassion among readers from diverse backgrounds. In a world increasingly marked by polarization and mistrust, English writing has the power to build connections and foster a sense of global citizenship.In conclusion, English writing has the potential to change the world by raising awareness, sparking dialogue,driving movements, and fostering understanding. As English writers, we have a responsibility to harness the power of language for positive change, using our words to inspire, educate, and empower others. By leveraging the reach and influence of English writing, we can contribute to a more just, equitable, and compassionate world for generations to come.。

英语通往世界的桥梁语文作文

英语通往世界的桥梁语文作文

英语通往世界的桥梁语文作文English:English is often regarded as the bridge to the world. As one of the most widely spoken languages globally, English opens up numerous opportunities for people to communicate, connect, and collaborate with individuals from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In today's globalized world, proficiency in English has become essential for international trade, politics, diplomacy, and education. It serves as a common language for people from diverse countries to engage in business dealings, negotiate agreements, and foster international understanding. Moreover, English plays a vital role in the fields of science, technology, and research, as it allows experts to share their findings and discoveries with a global audience. Through English, people are able to access a wealth of information and knowledge from various sources, including literature, media, and academic resources. Furthermore, English proficiency enhances one's personal and professional development, as it broadens one's horizons and enables individuals to pursue educational and career opportunities beyond their home countries. Overall, the significance of English as a bridge language cannot be understated, as it facilitates cross-culturalcommunication, promotes mutual understanding, and drives global progress.中文翻译:英语通常被认为是通往世界的桥梁。

改变世界 英文 作文

改变世界 英文 作文

改变世界英文作文Changing the world is a big task, but it can start with small actions. We can change the world by being kind to others, helping those in need, and spreading positivity wherever we go.One way to change the world is by being environmentally conscious. We can reduce our use of plastic, recycle, and use sustainable products to help protect the planet for future generations.Another way to make a difference is by advocating for equality and standing up against injustice. By speaking out against discrimination and supporting marginalized communities, we can work towards a more inclusive and fair society.We can also change the world by educating ourselves and others. By staying informed about important issues and sharing our knowledge with those around us, we can inspirepositive change and promote understanding.In addition, we can make a difference by volunteering our time and resources to support causes we care about. Whether it's through donating to charity, volunteering at a local organization, or participating in community events, we can make a positive impact on the world around us.Ultimately, changing the world is about making a commitment to be the best version of ourselves and to contribute to the greater good. It's about taking small steps every day to create a more compassionate, just, and sustainable world for all.。

如何做一个人英文作文

如何做一个人英文作文

如何做一个人英文作文Writing an English essay can be a rewarding challenge, requiring a blend of language skills, critical thinking, and creativity. Below is a guide to help you craft an essay meeting the specified criteria without revealing your prompt:Title: The Importance of Lifelong Learning。

Introduction:In today's rapidly changing world, the concept of lifelong learning has gained significant attention. This essay explores the importance of continuous learning andits implications for personal and professional development.Body:1. Acquisition of Knowledge:Lifelong learning facilitates the continual acquisition of knowledge and skills across various domains. From academic subjects to practical skills, individuals benefit from ongoing education throughout their lives. This constant pursuit of knowledge ensures adaptability in an ever-evolving society.2. Professional Advancement:Employers value individuals who demonstrate a commitment to self-improvement. Lifelong learners arebetter equipped to navigate the complexities of the modern workplace, stay updated with industry trends, and embrace innovation. Consequently, they are more likely to advance in their careers and seize new opportunities.3. Personal Growth:Beyond professional aspirations, lifelong learning fosters personal growth and fulfillment. Exploring new subjects, hobbies, and interests enriches one's life experiences and broadens perspectives. Moreover, continuouslearning enhances critical thinking skills, creativity, and problem-solving abilities, empowering individuals to tackle challenges with confidence.4. Adaptability in a Changing World:In today's dynamic landscape, adaptability is paramount. Lifelong learners exhibit resilience and flexibility in the face of change. By embracing new technologies, ideas, and perspectives, they remain relevant and resilient amidst societal shifts and economic disruptions.5. Community Engagement:Lifelong learning extends beyond individual benefits to encompass community engagement and societal progress. Active participation in educational programs, workshops, and cultural events fosters social cohesion and collective learning. Moreover, sharing knowledge and expertise contributes to the enrichment of the broader community.Conclusion:In conclusion, lifelong learning is not merely a choice but a necessity in the contemporary world. It empowers individuals to adapt, grow, and thrive amidst uncertainty and change. By embracing a mindset of continuous improvement, we pave the way for personal fulfillment, professional success, and societal advancement.Remember, the key to a successful essay lies in structuring your ideas coherently, supporting arguments with evidence, and expressing yourself fluently in English. Good luck with your writing endeavor!。

大学英语:Experiencing a Changing World

大学英语:Experiencing a Changing World

一、单选题1、Have you heard the ____news about the earthquake there?A. appealedB. appalledC. appallingD. appealing正确答案:C2、When she got on the stage to start the speech, she was so nervous and her mind went completely_____.A. blankB. blanketC. bracketD. black正确答案:A3、BBC gave the story extensive ______ in the evening news.A. averageB. coverageC. sprawlingD. spreading正确答案:B4、There are so many ____ in the dormitory, so I have to study in the library in the weekend.A. distractionsB. distinctionsC. distributionsD. destructions正确答案:A5、Many people think it is necessary to ____ the news in the new law strictly.A. endeavorB. endowC. enforceD. engage正确答案:C6、The spokesman had to ____some tricky questions from the reporters at the press conference.A. filledB. fillC. fileD. filter正确答案:A7、For quite a few days the police found it difficult to ____the body.A. identifyB. specifyC. justifyD. classify正确答案:A8、I made her cry but it was not ____.A. instrumentalB. intentionalC. irrationalD. instructional正确答案:B9、Her___attempts to interview the president turned out to be fruitless.A. persistentB. resistantC. consultantD. instant正确答案:A10、Crimes are on the increase in the densely-______urban areas.A. populousB. populatedC. popularizedD. popular正确答案:B11、Our dean was one of the the earliest ______of the educaitonal reform, but later he changed his idea and was strongly against it.A. protectionistsB. prophetsC. protagonistsD. protests正确答案:C12、The family picuture was put in a ____position on the desk.A. promptB. prominentC. promotionalD. component正确答案:B13、This amount of the salary increase, even not so much, is not to be ____at.A. sneezedB. sneakedC. sniffedD. snatched正确答案:C14、She felt a sudden ____ to scream at the sight of a snake.A. urgentB. urgencyC. emergencyD. urge正确答案:D15、If unemplyment contines to rise, social stability may be ___________.A. dangerousB. endangeredC. perilousD. desperate正确答案:B16、It ____ to save money while you can.A. gets senseB. takes senseC. makes senseD. does sense正确答案:C17、I just want to _____on the couch for a few minutes before writing the report.A. stretch outB. spray outC. stress outD. spread out正确答案:A18、Her son's luggage was not only ______ hand-made clothes but also her profound maternal love.A. paled withB. endowed withC. quivered withD. packed with正确答案:D19、Genes are always_____ environmental factors to influence the development of children.A. packed withB. endowed wtihC. combined withD. associated with正确答案:C20、More and more modern people, regardless of their gender, are fond of____ their friends about celebrities by means of mobile telecommunications.A. gossiping withB. combining withC. associating withD. consisting with 正确答案:A。

九年级英语上册Unit1TheChangingWorldSectionC1_00001

九年级英语上册Unit1TheChangingWorldSectionC1_00001
6. People can communicate with others more
easily than before.
第十八页,共三十一页。
9
List four changes in Beijing.
1) More and more ring roads and subways have
appeared.
2. There are more ring roads in Beijing than before.
3. There are various food to eat if you like. 4. Children can study only in modern schools
now.
5. People have no money to see a doctor.
ringhrocouoasmedsfs-o-r--t--awbildee
第六页,共三十一页。
7
telegram
communicate v.
communications--simple, slow
fax machine
cellphone = mobile phone
communications—various , quick, easy
were ill?
Because they had little money. And there were few 4. hHooswpitdailds. people keep in touch with their
relatives and friends?
Mainly by letter or telegram. 第十六页,共三十一页。
2. –– _H_a_ve_ you __se_e_n__(see) that

ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE 英语是一门世界语言

ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE 英语是一门世界语言

ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGEThe English language spread as Britain expanded its colonial empire from the 1600s on and established legal, military, and educational systems in many countries along English lines. British expansion ended after World War II (1939-1945), when many of its colonies sought independence. Since World War II American English has dominated as a world language, largely because of U.S. economic and political influence and the advance of technology, especially computing and the Internet. At the turn of the 21st century, English prevailed as the most widely used language internationally.At the same time as English became a world language, the number of English speakers learning a second language dropped substantially. Even more disturbingl y, English was blamed for the “death” of some minority languages, such as Gaelic and various Australian aboriginal languages (see Aboriginal Australians). Various measures are needed to protect these smaller languages from disappearing.The English language seems set to dominate world communications for some time to come. Although dominance brings with it a degree of standardization, it is not the case that English is losing its variety, either within countries or across the globe. Current research suggests that, rather than dwindling, differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation continue to allow people to express multiple identities. The fear of some linguists that mass communications would lead to the death of English dialects appears to be unfounded.。

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How to learn the course

Preview the lesson Check according to the unit objective Make a summarization on your notebook
Unit one: An overview

Unit Objective Language change
Task 2: Standard English


Written English is Standard English, though differences in the vocabulary used in different places. Two important Spoken English (varieties)--Southern Educated British English (RP, received pronunciation) and Educated (General) American English (Network English)




Unit 6---(after WWII) International science, technology, transportation, IT, etc, in turn affect English Unit 7---Globalization of English, English or Englishes Unit 8---Why and what should we learn English? Know about the knowledge of English from a historical perspective. (VIII)
Activity 3: Observing vocabulary change in English



Change in language matches change in people‟s lives, experiences New words are invented or borrowed constantly; invented, for the new science, Information technology (e.g., ROM, RAM, floppy, window) etc; borrowed, from other languages, e.g. menu (Fr.) Some of the new words become a permanent part of the language, soБайду номын сангаасe never, or last for a very short life.
English in a Changing World
严春容 ycr@
What can you learn from the course?




Unit 1---a general view, Changing English in a changing world Unit 2---English in the past Unit 3---How English spread all over the world Unit 4---Social variety (The way people speak betrays their trade.) VI Unit 5---International trades contribute to the growth of English
Social variation

“ maybe she was wearing a cap ” This statement, if pronounced without an obvious regional accent, appears to reveal little about the speaker — certainly in terms of his regional origins. But the pronunciation of the final consonant in the word wearing might reveal a great deal about a speaker‟s social background or the context in which he is speaking. Most people either use the <n> sound in finger, or they use the <n> sound in fin. In popular writing, the latter pronunciation is often transcribed as wearin’ and this usually conveys the sense that the speaker is either from a lower socioeconomic group or is speaking in an informal situation.


All languages change as time passes. 4000 to 5000 languages in the world, the number depends on what we call a language and what we count as a variety or a dialect. Dead languages---no living speakers Metaphor

What is a dialect? A dialect is a specific variety of English that differs from other varieties in three specific ways: lexis (vocabulary), grammar (structure) and phonology (pronunciation or accent). English dialects may be different from each other, but all speakers within the English-speaking world can still generally understand them. A speaker from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for instance, might pepper his speech with localised vocabulary, such as gan for “to go” or clarts for “mud”. He may often use regional grammatical constructions, such as the past tense constructions I’ve went and I’ve drank or the reflexive pronouns mysel, yoursel, hissel etc. In addition he probably uses a range of local pronunciations. For all these reasons he could be described as a Geordie dialect speaker.

Language differences between generations

English is changing

Words change. Pronunciation changes. Grammar changes
English in the old times
Activity 2: Variation in English different places



Regional variation: English-speakers may have some difficulty in understanding each other when they come to a new place. Varieties or dialects There are many varieties of spoken English.
Distinguishing among languages, dialects, and accents


Languages---major means of human communication Varieties of English---dialects


Same writing system, or similar grammatical structure Accent---sounds of speech of a language



English---official language, the mother tongue, national language, but not the only language in use Languages other than English in Britain---Welsh in Wales, Gaelic in Scotland and Ireland Overseas languages


Sounds Familiar? Accents and Dialects of the UK Do you call a „bread roll‟ a cob, batch, bread cake, barm cake or scuffler? How do you pronounce the words cup and plant? And are you sitting or sat at this computer? The UK is a rich landscape of regional accents and dialects, each evidence of our society‟ s continuity and change, our local history and our day-to-day lives.
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