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中科大程序设计与计算机系统lec01-intro_20141116173438874

中科大程序设计与计算机系统lec01-intro_20141116173438874

°Observation
• Need to understand which abstractions apply in which contexts • Important issues for compiler writers and serious application programmers
Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective 程序设计与计算机系统 Lecture 1 Intro November 17, 2014
Wu junmin (jmwu@)
CSAPP L1 Intro.1
Wu Fall 14 ©USTC
Outline
CSAPP L1 Intro.10
Wu Fall 14 ©USTC
Code to Read Counter
• Write small amount of assembly code using GCC’s asm facility
• Inserts assembly code into machine code generated by compiler
°Course Theme
°Five great realities of computer systems °Administrative Matters °Lecture topics and assignments
CSAPP L1 Intro.2
Wu Fall 14 ©USTC
Course Theme °Abstraction is good, but don’t forget reality!
°But :Understanding assembly is key to machinelevel execution model

北京嘉学大学法语与习题集第10章间接引语

北京嘉学大学法语与习题集第10章间接引语

第10章间接引语(Le distours indirect)法语中原封不动地引用或复述别人的原话叫做直接引语,Maman me dit :Tu dois faire attention,妈妈对我说:你应该小心。

Je vais chez mon ami, Lui dis-je,我对他说:我去朋友家用自己的话进行,,叫做间接引语。

直接引语变为间接引语,多数情况下为宾语从句,由demander, ignorer, savoir, dire, répondre, ajouter, affirmer, expliquer, annon。

er等动词力n que引导Le professeur nous dit: Vous devez étudier cette leçon pour demain,Linsperteur viendra un de ces joursLes examens approchent/老师对我们说:你们应预习明天要上的课。

检查员这几天要来。

考试临近了。

Le professeur nous dit que nous devons étudier cette leçon pour demain.que rinsperteur viendra un de ces jours,que les examens approchent.老师对我们说应预习明天要学的课。

检査员这几天要来。

考试临近了。

On me dit quil partira demain. 别人告诉我他明天走。

ll affirme que c’est vrai. 他肯定这是真的一、间接引语的基本用法1,直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,应用连词si来引导从句Est-ce que tu seras prêt à 6 heures? 你6点钟会准备好吗?ll demande si tu seras prêt à 6 heures. 他问你是否在6点钟准备好。

人文地理学专业英语

人文地理学专业英语

引言Introd‎u ction‎人文地理学,作为科学王国‎中一支较小的‎学科,尽管常常不被‎人们关注和重‎视,然而它却是一‎支最具活力的‎学科,它的研究主题‎——社会的空间组‎织和人与环境‎的关系——为许许多多形‎式的研究和朝‎气蓬勃的地理‎学者提供了机‎遇和挑战。

在最近30年‎来,西方人文地理‎学可以说是百‎家争鸣、百花齐放。

人文地理学家‎不断地接受他‎们以前很少遇‎到的其它学科‎的新思想、新观念,这样就给人文‎地理学的发展‎带来无限的生‎机。

Human geogra‎p hy is such a subjec‎t full of vitali‎ti es despit‎e of being neglec‎t ed someti‎m es. Its resear‎ch themes‎, the social‎-spatia‎l struct‎u re and the relati‎o n ship‎betwee‎n human and enviro‎nments‎, have brough‎t opport‎u ni tie‎s and challe‎n ges to both variou‎s forms of resear‎ch and geogra‎p hers. In recent‎ 30 years, the wester‎n human geogra‎p hy has so many varieg‎a ted theori‎e s and ramifi‎c ation‎s. Human geogra‎p hers have kept absorb‎i ng new ideas and opinio‎n s from many other subjec‎t s, which gives tremen‎d ous vital force to the develo‎p ment of human geogra‎p hy.一、人文地理学的‎性质Charac‎t ers of human geogra‎p hy1、地理学形成及‎分化Format‎i on and differ‎e ntiat‎i on of geogra‎p hy地理学(geogra‎p hy)是希腊语中关‎于地球和书写‎两个词复合词‎,主要研究人类‎生活空间的地‎球表面(Hagget‎t,1990)。

医学英文前后缀1

医学英文前后缀1

ag- 向,近,至
calori- 热
agamo- 无性
cபைடு நூலகம்nth(o)- 眦,眼角
alb-, albi-, albu- 白
capit(o)- 头
algo-, alge-, algesi 痛,痛觉
capno- 烟雾,碳酸
ali- 翼,翅
capri- 山羊
alimento- 营养,饮食
caps- (胶)囊,被膜
copr-, copro- 粪 cor(o)-, core(o)- 瞳孔 coraco- 喙突,喙 corne(o)- 角(膜),角(质) corp-, corpor- 体,肉,身体 cortico- 皮质,皮层 cost(o)-, costi- 肋,肋骨 counter- 反对,相反 crani(o)- 颅,颅骨 creat(o)- 肉,肌肉 crico- 环状,环状软骨 ferri- 正铁 ferro- 亚铁 feto-, feti-, foeto-, foeti- 胎儿 fibr(o)- 纤维 fili-, filo- 丝线,线状物 fiss-, fissi- 裂,分裂 flagella-, flagello- 鞭(毛) flav(o)- 黄(色) flu(o)- 流,流动 fluor(o)-, fluori- 氟,氟代,荧光 for- 门,开口,孔 fore- 先,前,前面 fract- 断,折,裂 frigo- 寒冷 fronto- 额,前面 funct- 作用,功能 fungi- 真菌,霉菌 fus- 灌,注 fusi- 纺锤状,梭形 galact-, galacto- 乳,乳汁 galacta- 乳,乳汁 gamo-, gam- 婚配,性,两性交合 gamet(o)- 配子 gangli-, ganglio- 神经节 gastro-, gaster-, gastr-, gastri- 胃,腹侧 gemini- 双,成双,双胎 genio- 颏 genito- 生殖 gen(o)- 生成,生殖,性,基因 geny- 颌,颊 ger(o)-, geronto- 老年,老人 gest- 携带,孕(孕激素) giga- 巨大 giganto- 巨 gingiv(o)- 龈 glandi-, gland- 腺体 gli(o)- 胶质,神经胶质 glomerul(o)- 肾小球,小球 glosso-, gloss- 舌

小清新可爱卡通家长会幼儿园小学PPT模板

小清新可爱卡通家长会幼儿园小学PPT模板

Only a few words
Congratulation s O n ly a few
w o rd s

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T H AN K Y O U for lis te ning !
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Intro duction
Example Templates
Introduction
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英语词根

英语词根

1.Ag=do,act做,动2.Agri=field田地,农田,(agri也作agro,agr)3.Ann=year年(ann也作enn)4.Audi=hear听(audi也作audit)5.Bell=war战争6.Brev=short短7.Ced=go行走(ced也作ceed,cess)8.Cept=take拿,取9.cid,cis=cut,kill切,杀10.circ=ring环,圆11.claim,clam=cry,shout喊叫12.clar=clear清楚,明白13.clud=close,shut关闭(clud也作clus)14.cogn=know知道15.cord=heart心16.corpor=body体(corpor也作corp)17.cred=believe,trust相信,信任18.cruc=cross十字19.cur=care关心,挂念,注意20.cur,curs,cour,cours=run跑21.dent=tooth牙齿22.di=day日23.dict=say言,说(dict也作dic)24.dit=give给25.don=give给(don也作do)26.du=two二27.duc,duct=lead引导28.ed=eat吃29.equ=equal等,均,平30.ev=age年龄,寿命,时代,时期31.fact=do,make做,作(fact也作fac)32.fer=bring,carry带,拿33.flor=flower花(flor也作flour)34.flu=flow流35.fus=pour灌,流,倾泻36.grad=step,go,grade步,走,级37.gram=write,something written or drawn写,画,文字,图形38.graph=write,writing,an instrument for making records写,画,文字,图形,记录器39.gress=go,walk行走40.habit=dwell居住41.hibit=hold拿,持42.hospit=guest客人43.idio=peculiar,own,private,proper特殊的,个人的,专有的44.insul=island岛45.it=go行走46.ject=throw投掷47.juven=young年轻,年少48.lect=choose,gather选,收(lect也作leg,lig)49.lec=raise举,升50.liber=free自由51.lingu=language语言52.liter=letter文字,字母53.loc=place地方54.log=speak言说55.loqu=speak言,说56.lun=moon月亮57.man=dwell,stay居住,停留58.manu=hand手(manu也作man)59.mar=sea海60.medi=middle中间61.memor=memory记忆62.merg=dip,sink沉,没(merg也作mers)63.migr=remove,move迁移it=soldier兵65.mini=small,little小(mini也作min)66.mri=wonder惊奇,惊异67.miss=send投,送,发(miss也作mit)68.mob=move动69.mort=death死70.mot=move移动,动71.nomin=nama名72.nov=new73.numer=number74.onym=name75.oper=work76.ori=rise升起77.paci=peace和平,平静78.pel=push,drive推,逐,驱79.pend,pens=hang悬挂;=weigh称量;=pay付钱,支出,花费80.pet=seek追求81.phon=sound声音82.pict=paint画,描述83.plen=full满,全84.plic=fold折,重叠85.pon=put放置86.popul=people人民87.port=carry拿,带,运88.pos=put放置89.preci=price价格90.punct=point,prick点,刺91.pur=pure清,纯,净92.rect=right,straight正,直93.rupt=break破94.sal=salt盐95.scend,scens=climb爬,攀96.sci=know97.sec,sequ=follow跟随98.sect=cut切割99.sent,sens=feel感觉100.sid=sit坐101.sist=stand站立102.son=sound声音103.spect=look看104.spir=breathe呼吸105.tail=cut切割106.tain,ten,tin=hold握,持,受107.tect=cover掩护108.tele=far远109.tempor=time110.tend(tens,tent)=stretch伸111.terr=earth,land土地,陆地112.text=weave编织113.tract=draw拉,抽,引114.un=one一(un也作uni)115.urb=city城市116.vac=empty空(vac也作vacu)117.vad(vas)=walk,go行走118.vari=change变化119.ven=come来120.vert,vers=turn转121.vi,via=way路122.vis,vid=see看123.vit=life生命124.viv=live活125.aer(o)空气,空中,航空126.alt高127.am爱128.ambul行,走129.anim生命,活,心神,意见130.anthrop(o)人,人类131.aqu水132.arch统治者,首脑archy统治133.avi鸟134.bat打135.biblio书136.brig战斗,打137.cad,cas降落,降临138.cert确实,确信139.chron时140.cid降落,降临141.clin倾142.cosm(o)世界,宇宙143.cracy统治crat支持(或实行)。

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文翻译

Unit1Howard‎Gardne‎r, a profes‎s or of educat‎i on at Harvar‎d Univer‎s ity, reflec‎t s on a visit to China and gives his though‎t s on differ‎e nt approa‎c hes to learni‎n g in China and the West.哈佛大学教育‎学教授霍华德‎·加德纳回忆其‎中国之行,阐述他对中西‎方不同的学习‎方式的看法。

Learni‎n g, Chines‎e-StyleHoward‎Gardne‎r 1 For a month in the spring‎of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustli‎n g easter‎n Chines‎e city of Nanjin‎g with our 18-month-old son Benjam‎i n while studyi‎n g arts educat‎i on in Chines‎e kinder‎g arten‎s and elemen‎t ary school‎s. But one of the most tellin‎g lesson‎s Ellen and I got in the differ‎e nce betwee‎n Chines‎e and Americ‎a n ideas of educat‎i on came not in the classr‎o om but in the lobby of the Jinlin‎g Hotel where we stayed‎in Nanjin‎g.中国式的学习‎风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春‎,我和妻子埃伦‎带着我们18‎个月的儿子本‎杰明在繁忙的‎中国东部城市‎南京住了一个‎月,同时考察中国‎幼儿园和小学‎的艺术教育情‎况。

小学期末家长会通用PPT模板(完整版)

小学期末家长会通用PPT模板(完整版)

E D U C AT IO N U N IV E R S IT Y ,
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医学英语词汇汇总

医学英语词汇汇总
常用医学英语构词索引表
A
a-, an-〔用于元音前〕无,缺,不
ab-, abs-离,从,异
abdom,abort-流产
abdomin/o-腹
acanth/o-棘
acar/o-螨
acet/o-乙酰
acetyl/o-乙酰〔基〕
achil/o-跟腱
acid-酸
acini-, acin/o-腺泡
acou-听,听觉
copr/o-粪,污秽
corne/o-角膜
corpor/o-体
cortic/o-皮质,皮层
cost/o-肋,肋骨
counter-相反,相对
cox/o-髋,髋关节
crani/o-颅,颅骨
crin/o- /-crine分泌
creato-肉,肌
cry/o-冷,冷冻
cubit/o-尺骨,肘
cult/o-护理,培养
hydr/o-水,氢
hydroxy-羟基
hygi/o-安康
hymen/o-处女膜
hyper-在…之上,超过
hypn/o-睡眠,催眠
hyp/o-在…之下,低于
hyster/o-子宫,癔病
hypophyso-垂体
I
-ia–iasis病症,异常
-iasis皮肤或结石症
iatr/o-医学,医师
-iatrics…医学,…疗法
esthe-,aesthe-,esthesi/o-,aesthesi/o-感觉
estr/o-,oestr/o-雌
ethyl/o-乙基
-ether醚
eu-好,佳,正常,真
ex-向外,除去
exo-外
extro- extra-外,向外,额外
F
faci/o-面

lect3_Intro_NN_slides

lect3_Intro_NN_slides




Network architecture
A single neuron

Each input is weighted with an appropriate w The sum of the weighted inputs and the bias forms the input to the transfer function f




Function approximation
● ●
can be used as a general function approximator can approximate any function with a finite number of discontinuities arbitrarily well, given sufficient neurons in the hidden layer.
Work flow
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Collect data Create the network Configure the network Initialise the weights and biases Train the network Validate the network (post-training analysis) Use the network


Network design for fitting

Feedforward networks often have one or more hidden layers of sigmoid neurons followed by an output layer of linear neurons. Multiple layers of neurons with nonlinear transfer functions allow the network to learn nonlinear relationships between input and output vectors. The linear output layer is most often used for function fitting (or nonlinear regression) problems. Feedforward networks can be used for any kind of input to output mapping A feedforward network with one hidden layer and enough neurons in the hidden layers, can fit any finite input-output mapping problem.

一种快速的单模式匹配算法

一种快速的单模式匹配算法

一种快速的单模式匹配算法杨子江;聂瑞华【摘要】After analyzing BM algorithm and some important improved algorithms , a new improved algorithm called Y_BMHS is put forward .With a two-dimensional array , the algorithm considers the uniqueness of text string's last two interval characters and pattern string's first character .The proposed algorithm makes the maximum displacement enhance to m+3, and the occurrence probability and match speed are also improved .The experimental results show that the Y_BMHS algorithm performs better than BM , BMH, BMHS and other improved algorithms as well .%在分析了BM算法以及一些重要的改进算法的基础上,提出一种新的改进算法---Y_BMHS 算法。

利用辅助的二维数组,考虑了文本串后间隔的两位字符和模式串首字符的唯一性,使得最大位移提升到m+3,出现概率也显著提高,加快了匹配速度。

证明Y_BMHS算法比BM、BMH、BMHS等算法有更好的性能。

【期刊名称】《华南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》【年(卷),期】2013(000)005【总页数】5页(P31-35)【关键词】BMHS算法;二维数组;出现概率;BMH算法;BM算法【作者】杨子江;聂瑞华【作者单位】华南师范大学计算机学院,广东广州510631;华南师范大学计算机学院,广东广州510631; 华南师范大学网络中心,广东广州510631【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP301.6模式匹配是指在文本串 T=T[0]T[1]…T[n-2]T[n-1]中查找 P=P[0]P [1]…P[m-2]P[m-1].该技术广泛应用于信息检索、数据挖掘、模式识别和入侵检测等领域,而匹配算法的好坏直接影响该系统效率.模式匹配分为多模式串匹配和单模式串匹配,多模式串匹配算法有AC算法[1]等其他一些改进算法,单模式串匹配的主要算法有BF算法[2]、KMP算法[3]和 BM 算法[4]等.BM 及其改进算法(如 BMH算法[5]、BMHS算法)由于效率较高而被广泛应用.本文首先介绍BM算法和改进算法BMH、BMHS等,分析各种算法的优缺点,在此基础上提出一个新的单模式匹配算法——Y_BMHS.1 相关算法介绍假设文本串 T=T[0]T[1]T[2]…T[n-2]T[n-1],长度是 n;模式串 P=P [0]P[1]P[2]…P[m-2]P[m-1],长度是m;匹配进行到文本串的j处,现在就BM算法以及改进算法作简单的介绍.1.1 BM、BMH、BMHS 算法1977 年,BOYER 和 MOORE[4]提出了 BM 算法.BM算法是先将模式串P与文本串T左对齐,从P的最右端字符往左开始匹配,一直到P中的字符全部匹配成功或者是有不匹配的字符出现时循环结束.算法采用根据2个预先定义的跳跃数组Badchar和Goodsuffix计算出的位移量进行移动.Badchar和Goodsuffix根据已匹配的字符串和未匹配字符的位置进行计算.当文本串字符与模式串字符失配时,根据数组Badchar和Goodsuffix取其中较大者为shift的值,将模式P往右移shift个字符,继续进行下一轮匹配,匹配成功则直接输出.BM算法考虑全面,包括了右移时的所有情况,但它使用了2个数组,预处理花费太多时间,程序实现复杂,并且Badchar被选为shift的值出现的概率远比Goodsuffix的大,而在匹配过程中两者都用,进行了大量不必要的比较,降低了匹配速度.HORSPOOL[5]于 1980 年提出了 BMH 算法,该算法将匹配字符串与计算右移量独立,即在计算右移量时不关心匹配位置和匹配情况.当发生失配时,通过与模式串末端对应的文本串位置的字符计算右移量.BMH算法较BM算法有更好的性能,它只使用了Badchar数组,简化了预处理过程,并且省去比较shift值的过程,实践也证明BMH性能更优.它仅仅通过一个字符计算右移量,增加了很多不必要的比较和移动.SUNDAY[6]于1990年在BMH算法的基础上又提出了改进的BMHS算法.其主要改进思想是:在计算Badchar函数时,利用模式串末端对应的文本串位置的下一字符决定右移量.当比较进行到文本串 j位置,失配发生在 T[i+j]=b 与 P[i]=a 处,只使用T[j+m]=c决定右移量.当发生失配时,若c未出现在P中,则直接右移m+1位,否则与P中从右往左第一次出现的相同字符对齐,继续进行下一轮匹配.该算法中,当下一个字符T[j+m]未出现在模式中时,它的右移量比BMH算法的右移量大,BMHS算法右移m+1位,BMH算法只能右移Badchar[j+m-1]位置,最多移动m位,故BMHS算法通常比BMH算法快.而当T[j+m-1]不在模式中出现而T[j+m]出现时,BMHS算法就比BMH算法慢.1.2 N_BMHS、IBMHS、Im_Sunday 算法N_BMHS算法[7]是在 BMHS算法的基础上,引入一个数组S标记模式串中字符出现的次数,并在匹配过程上采用两端向中间交替匹配的顺序,一旦失配,利用已匹配位置和辅助数组S的信息进行移动,有效减少了移动和比较次数.IBMHS算法[8]综合了BMH和BMHS算法的特点,并利用频度函数使得最大位移m+1出现频率提高,从而降低匹配时间.算法的主要过程是:在第j轮匹配中,分别计算出采用BMH和BMHS算法启发规则得到的窗口移动值qsBc[T[j+m-1]]-1和qsBc[T[j+m]]并进行比较.若后者大于前者,直接移动qsBc[T [j+m]],否则根据字符出现的频次进行(m+1)或 qsBc[T[j+m-1]]-1的移位.Im_Sunday算法[9]使用与模式串最右端对应的文本串字符的下一个字符 S [next]和 S[nnext].S[nnext]是 S[next]后面 m 长度位置的字符,即nnext=next+plen.当 S[next]字符在模式串中出现时,匹配方法与BMHS算法相同.当S[next]字符未在模式串中出现时,判断S[nnext]字符是否出现在模式串中.若出现,将模式串中最右端第一个出现的字符与S[nnext]对齐,否则将整个模式串移动到 S[nnext]的右侧.1.3 算法分析在以上算法中,BM算法是最全面和最复杂的算法,它充分考虑了所有的可能性,但预处理花费太多时间,并且在选择shift值和匹配上进行了太多次不必要的比较.BMH较BM算法有改进,它只采用坏字符的移动规则,并且将字符匹配和计算位移量独立,加快了匹配速度.BMHS是在BMH的基础上进行的改进,其最大位移是m+1,BMH则是m,通常情况下BMHS要比BMH算法的速度更快.IBMHS算法综合了前两者的优点,并利用字符出现次数提高了最大位移m+1的频率.N_BMHS利用已匹配位置和频度数组,能有效减少移动和比较次数.Im_Sunday算法在匹配过程中利用了 S[next]和S[nnext]字符,在一定程度上减少了比较.然而,上述匹配算法仅仅利用模式串末端字符对应的文本串的一个字符或下一字符的信息进行跳跃,从而进行了很多次不必要的比较和跳跃,且其跳跃距离和最大跳跃距离出现概率均偏小,造成匹配速度变慢.模式匹配存在2个基本定理:任何文本串匹配算法在最坏情况下必须检查文本串中至少n-m+1个字符;任何模式匹配算法至少检查 n/m个字符[10].因此,没有一个算法的计算复杂度比BM算法及其改进算法还要优越,但是我们可以通过增加偏移量,减少匹配次数,获得更好的性能.2 改进算法——Y_BMHS算法根据概率论的理论,2个字符出现在文本串中的概率远小于一个字符出现的概率,所以通过创建一个二维数组,既可以增大最大位移,又可以提高最大位移出现的概率,而有一些模式串的特点是:有大量重复的前缀和后缀如in、ex、ly和组合字符串如ea、se、at等,Y_BMHS算法正是基于这样的想法,结合模式串本身的特点,在BMHS算法的基础上,采用与模式串末端对应的文本串位置(i-1)的下2个字符T[i]和 T[i+2](非连续字符)和模式串首字母的唯一性来计算位移量,非连续字符在一定程度下可以加快匹配速度.该算法将T[i]和T[i+2]作为一个子串,在模式串中出现时,则右移模式串使得子串与文本串从右往左出现的相同子串对齐,否则根据不同情况进行右移处理,最大位移为m+3,其中m是模式串的长度.下面以算法的预处理阶段和匹配阶段做详细阐述.2.1 预处理阶段因为使用2个字符的子串决定右移量,所以我们采用辅助的二维数组来表示位移量.预处理阶段主要是对该位移量数组进行初始化.假设m是模式串P的长度,i 是匹配过程中模式串末端对应的文本串的下一位置,则子串为 T[i]T[i+2].对数组进行如下初始化:第一步,将数组初始值置为m+3;第二步,考虑如下几种特殊情况:(1)当T[i]=P[m-1]时,文本串可能匹配.此时,模式串右移1位,置值为1,如图1A.(2)当T[i]=P[m-2]时,文本串可能匹配.此时,模式串右移2位,置值为2,如图1B.(3)当 T[i+2]=P[1]时,文本串可能匹配.此时,模式串右移m+1位,置值为m+1,如图1C.(4)当 T[i+2]=P[0]时,文本串可能匹配.此时,模式串右移m+2位,置值为m+2,如图1D.第三步,当子串在模式串P中出现时,将其与P中从右到左第一次出现的子串对齐.图1 4种可能的匹配情况Figure 1 Four possiblematch situations2.2 匹配阶段在匹配阶段中,研究了Im_Sunday算法并对其进行了改进.根据概率论的理论,发生失配时,循环判断此时的位移量.若位移量为m+3,则模式串向右移动m+3,并继续循环,否则退出循环进行下一轮匹配.考虑一种特殊情况,如图2示.图2 右移后匹配Figure 2 Match after rightmove此时,右移量还是m+3,但明显已经匹配了,所以在循环中须加入判断.综上所述,实际的匹配流程如图3示.根据上述算法的描述,以T=“Manyarygycnobgtifintromtnology”,P=“nology”为例进行搜索.开始匹配时,把模式串与文本串自左边对齐.具体匹配过程如表1所示.(1)第1 次:T[6]=‘y’=P[m-1],模式串右移1位.(2)第2次:T[7]=‘g’=P[m-2],模式串右移2位.(3)第3次:T[10]=‘n’=P[0],模式串右移m+1位.(4)第4次:T[18]=‘n’=P[0],模式串右移m+2位.(5)第5 次:T[24]T[26]=“nl”,P 中存在该子串,根据跳跃表移动6位,找到字符串,匹配结束.图3 Y_BMHS算法的匹配流程Figure 3 Match process of Y_BMHS表1 Y_BMHS算法匹配过程Table 1 Thematch process of Y_BMHS algorithmM a n y a r y g y c n o b g t i f i n t r o m t n o l o g y 0 n o l o g y 1 n o l o g y 2 n o l o g y 3 n o l o g y 4 n o l o g y 5 n o l o g y2.3 算法分析从Y_BMHS算法的匹配过程可以看出,它是一种典型的以空间换取时间的算法.BMH、BMHS算法在比较时每次只取一个字符进行比较,当发生失配时,以P中某位置对应的文本串的字符T[i]的位移量作为P的移动距离.这种情况下,只有当T[i]不在P中出现时,模式串才能获得最大移动距离.从概率上来说,2个连续字符出现在模式串中的概率远远低于一个字符出现的概率,模式串的特性又使得间隔的两字符在模式串中出现的概率一般低于2个连续字符出现的概率,Y_BMHS算法以间隔2个字符计算偏移量作为P的移动距离,模式串获得最大移动距离m+3的概率也大得多,并且在匹配阶段通过位移量的判断,最大限度地提高了移动距离,这样显然可以获得更高的匹配速度.3 算法性能测试本实验使用的计算机硬件平台为Intel(R)CoreTM i5-2430 M处理器,4 G内存,软件平台为Windows7 64位操作系统,MicroSoft Visual Studio 2010集成开发环境.现采用随机函数产生一段随机长度为500~1 000的文本串和随机长度为5~10的模式串,分别用 BM、BMH、BMHS、IBMHS、Im_Sunday、Y_BMHS 算法进行匹配测试,测试程序与算法均用C语言编写,用主程序调用这6种匹配算法,匹配算法中均插入CPU内部时间戳进行高精度计时,同时统计每种算法一次匹配中平均位移量等数据.实验结果见表2.表2 实验结果比较Table 2 Experimental results算法BM BMH BMHS IBMHS Im_Sunday Y_BMHS一次匹配中最大位移出现的概率0.706 0.745 0.741 0.907 0.709 0.757一次匹配中平均位移量/次 6.817 6.679 7.497 8.671 6.975 9.583 1 000万次匹配消耗时间/s 22.152 13.604 11.856 13.151 11.341 6.630通过上述实验测试可知,Y_BMHS算法在单模式匹配算法中,平均位移量更大,最大位移出现的概率更高,能够快速提高匹配速度,对模式串匹配有更明显的加速效果.4 结束语Y_BMHS算法采用辅助的二维数组记录位移量,通过对模式串末端字符对应的文本串位置的下2个间隔字符的比较,并且在匹配阶段尽可能地使模式串右移,使得模式串以最大位移量m+3进行右移的几率变得更大.通过对算法的分析和实验证明,该算法能够有效地增加模式串右移量,大幅度提高匹配速度,降低匹配时间.参考文献:[1]AHO A V,CORASICK M J.Efficient string matching:An aid to bibliographic search[J].Commun ACM,1975,18(6):333-340.[2]CHARRAS C,LECROQ T.Exact string matching algo-rithms[EB/OL].(1997-01-14)[2012-04-03].http://www.r-igm.univ-mlv.fr/lecroq/string.[3]KNUTH D E,MORRIS JH,PRATT V R.Fast pattern in strings [J].SIAM JComput,1977,6(2):323-350.[4]BOYER R S,MOORE JS.A fast string searching algorithm [J].Commun ACM,1977,20(10):762-772.[5]HORSPOOL N R.Practical fast searching in strings[J].Software Practice and Experience,1980,10(6):501-506.[6]SUNDAY D M.A very fast substring search algorithm[J].Comm ACM,1990,33(8):132-142.[7]单懿慧,蒋玉明,田诗源.面向入侵检测的改进BMHS模式匹配算法[J].计算机工程,2009,35(24):170-173.[8]岳成刚.基于 Snort平台的网络入侵检测系统研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009.[9]武旭东.Snort入侵检测系统研究与应用[D].吉林:吉林大学,2011.[10]李雪莹,刘宝旭.字符串匹配技术研究[J].计算机工程,2004,30(22):24-26.。

CV的介绍、写法、范例

CV的介绍、写法、范例

CV的介绍‎、写法、范‎例CV是‎C urri‎c ulum‎vita‎e的简称,‎也有的人叫‎C urri‎c ulum‎vita‎。

有人解释‎说,cur‎r icul‎u m vi‎t ae就是‎c ours‎e of ‎l ife,‎用“人生的‎过程”来解‎释比较恰当‎,汉语把它‎翻译成“简‎历”,但是‎,也有不同‎的地方。

‎关于CV‎的写法,是‎个非常有争‎议的话题。

‎如果问两个‎人:“什么‎样的CV才‎更完美?”‎,一定会得‎到两个不同‎的答案。

专‎家总是用“‎D O”或者‎“DON'‎T”以及一‎大堆的“常‎见错误”让‎我们觉得这‎些东西更加‎神秘和可畏‎。

不要‎指望有一份‎完美而且权‎威的CV,‎如果你登陆‎到亚马逊书‎店,可以看‎到很多教你‎如何写CV‎的大部头书‎籍,另外,‎在国外,还‎有很多专门‎替别人写C‎V的公司,‎他们声称可‎以写出让对‎方印象深刻‎的CV,每‎份收费几百‎美金。

‎C V到底是‎什么呢?在‎欧洲申请大‎学、找工作‎等等,一般‎都需要它。

‎我们可能还‎知道有个类‎似的东西,‎叫Resu‎m e,申请‎过加拿大移‎民的人不会‎忘记这个东‎西。

一般来‎说,CV比‎R esum‎e略为严格‎一些,更要‎突出一下本‎人的专业背‎景和实力。

‎c urri‎c ulum‎vita‎e这个名称‎其实有点文‎绉绉的味道‎,难怪很多‎人把它当成‎了“成绩单‎”,如果我‎们把它理解‎为“人生的‎成绩单”就‎比较确切了‎,有人比喻‎说:“CV‎是一份按年‎代顺序排列‎成的购物单‎,上面列出‎了这些年来‎你究竟买到‎手了哪些东‎西,而不是‎单单是描述‎一下你这些‎年来你买东‎西的历史”‎。

在欧‎洲,除了英‎国以外,虽‎然每个国家‎对CV的格‎式和内容等‎方面的要求‎各不相同,‎但是,即使‎是仅仅找工‎作,所有的‎国家要求的‎也都是CV‎,而不是那‎种随意的‎R esum‎e,而在美‎国,似乎只‎有申请大学‎的时候才需‎要CV,这‎也许是欧美‎文化方面的‎小小不同。

lec-1 Intro

lec-1 Intro

2
Lab Information
• The course focuses on hands-on development of demonstrable software, which requires a great deal of programming. • However, this is not a programming course in the sense that it does not teach any programming language.
2 5 3 8 6 9
Communication link
ATM machine Bank customer
Bank’s remote datacenter
14
How ATM Machine Might Work
Domain model created with help of domain expert
15
Cartoon Strip
: How ATM Machine Works
B
Verify this account
A
Enter your PIN
C
Verify account XYZ
D
Typing in PIN number …
XYZ valid. Balance: $100
Account valid. Balance: $100
(problem cannot be solved without understanding it first)
12
The Role of Software Engg. (2)
Customer:
Requires a computer system to achieve some business goals by user interaction or interaction with the environment in a specified manner

英语146个常见词根

英语146个常见词根

146 Common Word Roots and Their MeaningsIn the field of English language, word roots or word origins play an important role in the comprehension and usage of vocabulary. A word root is the basic unit of a word that carries the main meaning and is also the basis of many other words. In this article, we will explore the 146 most common word roots in English language and their meanings.1.A - NotWords: Asexual, Atheist, Amoral, Abiotic2.AB - Away fromWords: Abnormal, Abstain, Abduct, Abhor3.ACRO - HighWords: Acrobat, Acropolis, Acrogen4.AD - To, toward, nearWords: Adhere, Adjacent, Admonish, Advocate5.ALI - Other, DifferentWords: Alien, Alias, Alibi, Allophone6.ALTER - OtherWords: Alternative, Altercation, Alter ego, Altruistic7.AMBUL - To walkWords: Ambulatory, Ambulate, Ambulant8.ANIM - Life, spiritWords: Animal, Animated, Animate, Animosity9.ANN - YearWords: Anniversary, Annual, Annuity, Annuity pay10.ANTE - BeforeWords: Antecedent, Antebellum, Antecedence11.ANTHROP - HumanWords: Anthropology, Anthropomorphic, Misanthrope12.ANTI - AgainstWords: Antipathy, Antiseptic, Antithesis13.AQUA - WaterWords: Aquatic, Aqueduct, Aquarium, Aqueous14.ARB - TreeWords: Arbor, Arboreal, Arboretum, Arborist15.ARCH - Chief, LeaderWords: Archangel, Archdiocese, Archenemy16.AUTO - SelfWords: Autonomy, Autograph, Automatic, Autobiography 17.BENE - GoodWords: Benefactor, Benevolent, Benefit, Beneficiary 18.BREV - ShortWords: Brevity, Abridge, Breviloquent19.CADE - To fallWords: Cascade, Decadence, Cadence, Recidivism20.CAP - TakeWords: Captivate, Captious, Capture, Recapture21.CARDI - HeartWords: Cardiology, Cardiac, Cardiovascular22.CARN - FleshWords: Carnage, Carnivore, Carnal, Incarnate23.CAST - To throwWords: Castigate, Cast, Broadcast, Castaway24.CAUS - CauseWords: Cause, Caustic, Causal, Causation25.CENT - HundredWords: Century, Centennial, Centigrade, Percent26.CENTR - CenterWords: Central, Concentric, Centrifugal27.CEPHAL - HeadWords: Cephalic, Encephalitis, Hydrocephalus28.CIDE - KillWords: Homicide, Genocide, Pesticide, Infanticide 29.CIRCUM - AroundWords: Circumference, Circumspect, Circumvent30.CLIN - Lie downWords: Clinic, Clinical, Recline31.COAGUL - ClotWords: Coagulation, Coagulate, Coagulant32.COGN - To knowWords: Cognition, Incognito, RecognizeP - TogetherWords: Compact, Companion, Comply34.CONTRA/CONTRO - Against, oppositeWords: Contraband, Contrary, Contravene, Controversy 35.CORP/ CORPOR - BodyWords: Corporation, Corpulent, Corps, Corpse36.COSM - UniverseWords: Cosmopolitan, Cosmology, Microcosm37.COUR - To runWords: Course, Discourse, Precursor38.CRAT/CRACY - RuleWords: Autocrat, Democracy, Oligarchy39.CRED - BelieveWords: Credible, Credit, Credence, Credulity40.CRIT - To judgeWords: Criteria, Critic, Critical, Hypercritical41.CRUC - CrossWords: Crucify, Cruciform, Crucial42.CRYPT - Conceal, hiddenWords: Crypt, Cryptic, Cryptography43.CULP - BlameWords: Culprit, Culpa, Inculpate44.CYCLO - CircleWords: Cyclical, Cyclotron, Cycloid45.DECA - TenWords: Decade, Decathlon, Decalogue46.DEMO - PeopleWords: Democracy, Demographics, Epidemic 47.DERM - SkinWords: Dermatology, Epidermis, Dermatitis 48.DI/DIA - ThroughWords: Dialogue, Diagnosis, Dialect49.DIC/DICT - Speak, sayWords: Dictate, Diction, Contradict, Indict 50.DIGN - WorthyWords: Dignity, Indignation, Dignify51.DOC/DOCT - TeachWords: Doctor, Doctrine, Document52.DUC/DUCT - To leadWords: Conduct, Deduct, Viaduct, Aqueduct 53.DUR - Hard, lastingWords: Durable, Duration, Endure, Durability 54.DYN/DYNAM - PowerWords: Dynamic, Dynasty, Hydrodynamics 55.ECO - HouseholdWords: Economy, Ecology, Ecologically56.ECTO - ExternalWords: Ectoderm, Ectoplasm, Ectopic57.EGO - SelfWords: Egoism, Egotist, Alter ego58.EMIA - BloodWords: Anemia, Hypoglycemia, Leukemia59.ENDO - InsideWords: Endocrine, Endoscopy, Endocarditis60.EPI - Upon, overWords: Epidermis, Epitaph, Epicenter61.EQU - EqualWords: Equilibrium, Inequity, Equanimity62.ERG - WorkWords: Energetic, Ergonomics, Surgery63.ETHNO - RaceWords: Ethnology, Ethnicity, Ethnocentric64.EU - Good, wellWords: Euphoria, Eulogy, Euphemism65.EXTRA - Beyond, outsideWords: Extraterrestrial, Extravagant, Extraordinary 66.FAC/FIC - To makeWords: Factory, Facsimile, Fictitious67.FER - Bear, carryWords: Ferry, Fertile, Transfer, Confer68.FID - Faith, trustWords: Fidelity, Infidel, Confidence69.FIN - End, limitWords: Finish, Infinitesimal, Finite70.FLU - FlowWords: Fluency, Influent, Fluidity71.FORE - BeforeWords: Foretell, Foreboding, Forefront, Forecast 72.FORM - Shape, formWords: Formation, Conform, Transform73.FORT - StrongWords: Fortitude, Fortress, Fortify74.FRACT/FRAG - BreakWords: Fracture, Fragment, Infraction75.GEN - Kind, birthWords: Generation, Genetic, Indigenous76.GEO - EarthWords: Geography, Geology, Geocentric77.GRAD/GRESS - StepWords: Grade, Gradual, Progress, Aggressive 78.GRAT - PleasingWords: Gratitude, Gratifying, Gratis79.GREG - GroupWords: Congregate, Segregate, Aggregate80.HELIO - SunWords: Heliocentric, Helium, Heliotherapy 81.HEMI - HalfWords: Hemisphere, Hemiplegia, Hemicycle 82.HETERO - DifferentWords: Heterogeneous, Heterosexual, Heterodox 83.HEX - SixWords: Hexagon, Hexameter, Hexapod84.HOMO - SameWords: Homogeneous, Homogenize, Homonym85.HYDR - WaterWords: Hydrology, Dehydrate, Hydrant86.HYPER - ExcessiveWords: Hyperbole, Hypertension, Hyperactive 87.HYPN - SleepWords: Hypnosis, Hypnotic, Hypnotherapy 88.IATR - MedicalWords: Pediatrician, Psychiatric, Geriatrics 89.ICON - ImageWords: Iconoclast, Iconography, Iconoclastic 90.IGN - FireWords: Ignition, Ignite, Ignoramus91.IN/IM - NotWords: Incomplete, Inarticulate, Impossible 92.INSUL - IslandWords: Insulate, Insulation, Insulator93.INTER - BetweenWords: Interlude, Intercourse, Interpersonal 94.INTRA - WithinWords: Intramural, Intracellular, Intravenous 95.INTRO - Inside, withinWords: Introduction, Intrusive, Introspection 96.IT/ID - SameWords: Identify, Identical, Idiosyncrasy97.JECT - ThrowWords: Reject, Project, Eject98.JUD - JudgeWords: Judiciary, Prejudice, Adjudicate99.JUNCT - JoinWords: Junction, Conjunction, Disjunction TER - SideWords: Lateral, Collateral, Bilateral101.LEG - LawWords: Legal, Legitimate, Legislature 102.LEX/LEC - ReadWords: Lexicon, Lecture, Legible103.LIBER - FreeWords: Liberty, Liberal, Liberated104.LINGU - LanguageWords: Linguistics, Linguist, Multilingual 105.LITH - StoneWords: Lithosphere, Monolith, Lithology 106.LOCO - PlaceWords: Locomotion, Locomotive, Dislocate 107.LOGO - WordWords: Logic, Monologue, Dialogue108.LUC/LUM - LightWords: Lucid, Illumination, Translucent 109.MAL - BadWords: Malicious, Malpractice, Malfeasance 110.MANU - HandWords: Manual, Manipulate, Manufacture 111.MAR - SeaWords: Marine, Maritime, Aquamarine 112.MATR/MATRI - MotherWords: Maternal, Matriarch, Matriculate 113.MED - HealWords: Medical, Medicine, Medicate114.MEGA - LargeWords: Megalith, Megabyte, Megaphone115.MEM - RememberWords: Memorial, Memento, Commemorate 116.META - ChangeWords: Metamorphosis, Metaphysics, Metastasis 117.MICRO - SmallWords: Microbe, Microscopic, Microphone LE - ThousandWords: Millennium, Milestone, Millennial119.MIS - Hate, wrongWords: Misfortune, Misanthrope, Misjudge 120.MON - SingleWords: Monotheism, Monochrome, Monogamy 121.MORPH - FormWords: Metamorphosis, Morphology, Morphine 122.MULT - ManyWords: Multiple, Multiply, Multinational123.NAT - BornWords: Native, Innate, Nativity124.NAV - ShipWords: Navy, Navigate, Navicular125.NECR - DeadWords: Necropolis, Necromancer, Necrosis 126.NEO - NewWords: Neophyte, Neonatal, Neologism127.NOM/NYM - NameWords: Nomenclature, Anonymous, Denomination 128.NON - NotWords: Non-existent, Non-discriminatory, Non-conformist 129.NOV - NewWords: Novel, Novice, Renovate130.NULL - NoneWords: Nullify, Null, Nullity131.NYM - NameWords: Synonym, Antonym, Pseudonym132.OCCUL - HiddenWords: Occult, Occultist, Inoculate133.OMNI - AllWords: Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnivore134.ONYM - NameWords: Anonymous, Synonym, Antonym135.OPER - WorkWords: Operate, Operating, Operator136.OPT/OPTI - BestWords: Optimum, Optician, Optimist137.ORTHO - StraightWords: Orthogonal, Orthopedic, Orthodontics138.PAC - PeaceWords: Pacifist, Pacification, Pacify139.PATER/PATRI - FatherWords: Patriarch, Paternal, Expatriate140.PED - FootWords: Pedestrian, Pedal, Pedicure141.PEND/PENS - HangWords: Suspense, Pendant, Pendulum142.PHILO - LoveWords: Philanthropy, Philosophy, Bibliophile143.PHOB - FearWords: Phobia, Claustrophobia, Acrophobia144.PHOTO - LightWords: Photograph, Photon, Photosynthesis145.PHYLL - LeafWords: Chlorophyll, Phyllotaxis, Phyllo146.POLY - ManyWords: Polytheism, Polygon, PolygamyIn conclusion, understanding word roots is essential to building a vast lexicon in any language. With this knowledge, we can comprehend and decipher multiple words by breaking them down into their component parts. This article just scratches the surface of the most common word roots in English, but it is a solid starting point for expanding your vocabulary beyond the basics.。

Save_tortoises_拯救乌龟

Save_tortoises_拯救乌龟

1In a remote national park on Australia s most southwestern tip, a lone radio tower stands above a quiet wetland. Every five seconds, it col‑lects signals from a few dozen young tortoises hiding out beneath the glassy waters. The tiny tortoises don t journey far, but researchers aretracking their every move. The fate of a species —one of the most endangered in the world —might depend on these data.2 There are fewer than 70 adult western swamp tortoises living in the wild in two small wetland reserves north of Australia. These spots are all that remains of the crea‑tures native habitat, and they are drying out, owing to rising temperatures and a reduction in rainfall. So, in August last year, scientists selected 41 baby tortoises from a breeding pro‑gramme in a zoo and released them into this national park, some 330 kilometres south of where the tortoises are naturally found. The aim is to see whether the animals can tolerate cooler climates, and whether this new habitat might ensure the species future as the planet warms.3 This experiment is part of a series of closely monitored field trials testing one of the most controversial strategies for saving a species —a concept called assisted migration. The tortoise is thought to be the first vertebrate (脊椎动物) to be moved beyond its historical range because of climate change.4Nicki Mitchell, a zoologist at the University of Western Australia, is leading the pro‑ject that is trying to save the tortoise. Her team is now on their fourth trial of releasing bredtortoises into selected wetlands to test the potential of assisted migration. It s a high⁃risk Save tortoises拯 救 乌 龟山东 郝雯雯strategy—and one that researchers have long debated.“It s a demonstration project for the world, and we particularly want to make sure there are no bad outcomes,”Mitchell says.5 Conservation biologists have long resisted assisted migration, mainly because intro‑duced species could become invasive pests, carry diseases or upend existing ecosystems. But attitudes towards assisted migration are slowly shifting as conservationists realize just how fast the climate is changing. Several projects are in the works now.ReadingCheck1. How does the radio tower help western swamp tortoises?A. By presenting gathered data to researchers.B. By reminding possible dangers in advance.C. By guiding them to safer and better spots.D. By checking the climate changes there.2. Why did researchers put 41 baby tortoises in the national park?A. To tell their differences from wild ones.B. To study their living habits and adaptability.C. To make out their lifespan in small wetlands.D. To find out whether they can breed in a different environment.3. What do we know about assisted migration?A. It is strongly supported by most experts.B. It makes introduced species die out soon.C. It has been proved efficient and scientific.D. It causes public discussion and disagreement.4. What do we know about Nicki Mitchell?A. Her attitude to assisted migration is unclear.B. She is sure the program is a success.C. She is uncertain of the future result.D. She is a conservation biologist, too.Ø语篇解码Ø语言学习Ⅰ. 语料荟萃语篇单词remote adj.遥远的lone adj.独自的glassy adj.清澈的fate n.命运spot n. 地点habitat n. 栖息地rainfall n. 降雨reserve n. 自然保护区tolerate v. 忍受closely adv. 密切地monitor v. 监控concept n.概念selected adj. 精选出来的outcome n. 结果resist v.抵制ecosystem n.生态系统shift v. 转换conservationist n. 保护主义者(续表)重要短语collect signals 收集信号depend on 依靠die out 灭绝owing to 因为because of 因为release...into... 把……释放到……controversial strategies 有争议的策略demonstration project 展示项目Ⅱ. 语句分析1. There are fewer than 70 adult western swamp tortoises living in the wild in twosmall wetland reserves north of Australia. 在澳大利亚北部的两个小型湿地保护区内,生活着不到70只成年西部沼泽龟。

基于RFID的图书馆自习室座位管理系统的研究

基于RFID的图书馆自习室座位管理系统的研究

基于RFID的图书馆自习室座位管理系统的研究胡晶宇;付志远;陈绪兵【摘要】针对现有高校图书馆自习室管理系统的不足,设计了一种基于RFID的图书馆自习室座位管理系统。

该系统包括门禁控制子系统和在线预订子系统两部分,将RFID技术和门禁系统相结合,通过门禁系统采集动态数据传回在线预订管理系统,实现自习室座位的在线管理。

详细介绍了座位管理系统的软硬件设计及系统的主要工作流程。

通过测试发现,该系统具有操作方便、可靠性高等优势,能够有效提高高校图书馆自习室座位的利用率。

%In allusion to the deficiency of the existing study room management systems in university libraries,such as seat shortage and waste of resources,a RFID-based management system of study room seats was designed. The system includes a ac-cess control subsystem and an on-line booking subsystem. With the help of RFID technologies,the access control subsystem col-lects dynamic data and exchanges data with the online reservation management subsystem to realize the online seat management of the study rooms. The software design,hardware design and main working process of the seat management system are intro-duced in this paper. The system is easy to operate and has higher reliability,which can improve the utilization of study room seats efficiently.【期刊名称】《现代电子技术》【年(卷),期】2014(000)020【总页数】3页(P38-40)【关键词】RFID;座位管理;门禁;在线预订【作者】胡晶宇;付志远;陈绪兵【作者单位】武汉工程大学机电工程学院,湖北武汉 430205;武汉工程大学机电工程学院,湖北武汉 430205;武汉工程大学机电工程学院,湖北武汉 430205【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN911-34随着各大高校的扩招,高校图书馆自习室座位短缺的问题越来越显著,由此引发了各种占座现象,严重影响自习室座位利用率。

英语常见词根前缀后缀大全

英语常见词根前缀后缀大全
.
delimit 划定界限
denude 使裸露
depicture 描绘,描述
de- == not
denationalize 非国有化
demilitarize 使非军事化
demobilize 复员
\
de- == 除去、取消、毁
desalt 除去盐份
deforest 砍伐森林
decontrol 取消管制
embow 使成弓形
empower 使有权力,授权

empurple 使发紫
embody 体现,使具体化
embitter 使受苦
embrown 使成褐色
eco- == ecological
)
ecosphere 生态圈
ecosystem 生态系统
ecocide 生态灭绝
en- == 表示“置于..之中”、“登上...”、“使上...”
aweary 疲倦的
annotate 注释
announce 宣布,通告
#
ab- == from;away from
abnormal 不正常的
abroad 国外的
abuse 滥用
absorb 吸去
abaxial 离开轴心的
abend 异常终止
$
ac- == at;to,或表示加强意义
accustom 使习惯
amphitheatre 两边都可观看的剧场,圆形剧场
ante- == before
antecedent 先前的,先行的
antetype 先型,原型
anteport 前港,外港
anteroom 前室,接待室
antedate 比实际早的日期
antestomach 前胃

机械制造专业英语(章跃版)课后句子翻译答案

机械制造专业英语(章跃版)课后句子翻译答案

第一单元应力与应变That branch‎of scient‎i fic analys‎i s which motion‎s, times and forces‎is called‎mechan‎i csand is made up of two parts, static‎s and dynami‎c s.研究位移、时间和力是科‎学分析法的一‎个分支,被称作力学,力学由两大部‎分组成,静力学和动力‎学。

For exampl‎e, if the force operat‎i ng on a sleeve‎bearin‎g become‎s too high, it will squeez‎e out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contac‎t, overhe‎a ting and rapid failur‎e of the bearin‎g.例如:如果止推轴承‎上的作用力过‎大的话,会挤出油膜,引起金属和金‎属之间的相互‎接触,轴承将过热而‎迅速失效。

Our intuit‎i ve concep‎t of force includ‎e s such ideas as place of applic‎a tion, direct‎i on, and magnit‎u de, and these are called‎the charac‎t erist‎i cs of a force.力的直观概念‎包括力的作用‎点、大小、方向,这些被称为力‎的三要素。

All bodies‎are either‎elasti‎c or plasti‎c and will be deform‎e d if acted upon by forces‎. When the deform‎a tion of such bodies‎is small, they are freque‎n tly assume‎d to be rigid, i.e., incapa‎b le of deform‎a tion, in order to simpli‎f y the analys‎i s.所有的物体既‎可以是弹性的‎也可以是塑性‎的,如果受到力的‎作用就产生变‎形。

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6
Behavioural Finance (4)
• However, as long as the traditional approach to finance cannot explain certain anomalies, there is a room for BF (Thaler, 1999). • Certain empirical findings support the assumptions of BF (e.g. limited arbitrage). • How long is the long run? Practical conclusions for investment decisions. • Nobel Prize in Economics 2002: Daniel Kahneman
2
Assignment/Literature
• 80% essay, topics and deadlines to be announced later. Essays are expected to be based on lecture material, can be linked to your seminar presentation. • 20% your individual input into the group’s presentation • You can hand in a plan/summary of your presentation by the end of week 33 (5th March), I’ll assess it but the mark does not go into the final mark directly. • Shleifer, A. (2000), Inefficient markets. An introduction to behavioral finance, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Behavioural Finaidley Building, 3rd Floor, Room 3.11 Office hours: Wed 2-3 and Thu 11-12
B.T.Gebka@
Module Introduction
Behavioural Finance (3)
• BF theory is not uncontroversial. Many researchers argue it can explain certain anomalies which are already known, but cannot generate predictions to be tested (Schwert, 2003, Mankiel, 2003). • Hence, it’s not a scientific approach (not falsifiable as put forward by Karl Popper). • Some even doubt that BF can systematically (rather than by chance) explain existing anomalies (Fama, 1998). • Also, there is no one theory of BF, rather a set of (isolated) models. • Some BF papers offer competing explanation of the same phenomena (Barberis and Thaler, 03)
4
Behavioural Finance (2)
• However, empirical results are not completely in line with theoretical predictions. These inconsistencies are called anomalies (e.g. the size effect, calendar effects, predictability, see Schwert, 2003, for a review). • Anomalies might be due to incorrect definitions of risk, price formation models, or empirical issues, and are short-lived. • This is where behavioural finance (BF) comes in. BF suggests that ‘anomalies’ are not anomalous, it’s the traditional finance theory which is incorrect. • BF is based on the argument that, A), investors are irrational, and B), arbitrage by rational investors is limited. As a result, investors’ psychology has a systematic impact on assets’ prices. 5
8
1
Teaching
• Lectures: weekly (28-34)
– BEDB.LT3: Bedson Building, Lecture Theatre 3, 1st Floor, East Wing, – Friday, 10:00-12:00
• Seminars: week 35 only (15-19 March)
7
References
• Barberis, N. and Thaler, R. (2003), A survey of behavioural finance, in: Constantenides, G. M., Harris, M., and Stulz, R., Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Chapter 18. • Fama, E. (1998), Market effciency, long-term returns, and behavioural finance, Journal of Financial Economics 49, 283306. • Malkiel, B. G. (2003), The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics, The Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (1), 59-82. • Schwert, G. William (2003), Anomalies and Market Efficiency, in: Constantenides, G. M., Harris, M., and Stulz, R., Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Chapter 15. • Thaler, Richard H. (1999), The End of Behavioural Finance, Financial Analysts Journal, Nov/Dec 1999, 12-17.
– You will be presenting in groups. – Topics will be announced on Blackboard soon. – Venues: as for the lectures plus PG teaching suite in Dash (Tue 9-10 and 14-15, Fri same hours as Tue) – Everyone is expected to attend at least four sessions, five-six meetings in total.
– Or use individual papers – Further literature will be announced in the lectures
3
Behavioural Finance (1)
• Traditional finance theory aims at explaining the formation and behaviour of asset prices (and returns) based on certain assumptions. • In a nutshell, investors are assumed to be rational and expected stock returns to compensate for systematic risk. As a result, markets are efficient, i.e. asset prices equal fundamental values and allocation of financial resources is optimal. • Even if some investors are not rational, they do not have any systematic impact on prices due to arbitrage by rational traders.
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