词汇详解 Book 4 Unit 1

新视野大学英语第四册单词词组详解
Unit One Section A The T ail of Fame
W ords：
1.chase vt. run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追逐；追赶
eg1. My dog likes chasing rabbits. 我的那条狗喜欢追逐兔子。

eg2. We were chased by a bull while crossing the field.
我们穿过田地时，有一条公牛追逐着我们。

2.cruelty n. [C, U] behavior that makes people or animals suffer 残酷；残忍
eg1. The book tells readers the cruelty of the slave trade at that time.
这本书告诉了读者在那个时候奴隶买卖的残忍。

eg2. The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.
这个农民被指控残酷虐待动物。

3. pessimistic a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will
have a bad result 悲观的
eg1. The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic. 该会议的气氛非常悲观。

eg2. The doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery.
医生们对他康复的可能性感到悲观。

词形变换：pessimism n.悲观主义pessimist n.悲观主义者
[反] optimistic a.optimism n. optimist n.
4. conquest n. 1. [U] the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort 征服；控制eg1. The conquest of inflation has been the Government's economic priority.
控制通货膨胀一直是政府经济工作的重点。

eg2. He finally made the conquest of the disease come true. 他最后战胜了那疾病。

2. [sing., U] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force 征服；攻占eg1. After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.
在诺曼征服之后，这片森林就成了皇家狩猎地。

eg2. The empire had expanded largely through military conquest.
帝国的扩张主要是通过军事占领。

5. bankrupt a. without enough money to pay what one owes 破产的
eg1. The company was declared bankrupt. 这家公司被宣布破产。

eg2. Five years ago she was a successful actress, but now she is bankrupt.
五年前她是一个成功的演员，可是现在她一贫如洗了。

6. motive n. [C] a reason for doing sth. 动机
eg1. Why would she have killed him? She had no motive.
她为什么会杀他呢？她没有任何动机。

eg2.What is the motive behind the bombing? 爆炸背后有什么动机？
7. worship vt. admire and love sb. very much 崇拜；敬重；仰慕
eg1. He worshipped his wife.他很崇拜妻子。

eg2. He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him.
年青演员崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他感到很有意思。

8. spur vt. encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. 鼓励；刺激
eg1. Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed. 她艰难的童年激励她去取得成功。

eg2. My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour.
我的教练鼓励我保持每小时4英里的节奏。

9. lure n. [C] sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 诱惑
eg1. Few can resist the lure of adventure. 几乎没有人抵挡得住历险的吸引力。

eg2. It is the lure of money that brings them to the city. 是金钱的诱惑使他们来到了这城市。

10. drown v.
1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with 沉浸于
eg1. Relief agencies are drowning in frustration. 救济机构都沉浸于沮丧之中。

eg2. I felt as if I were drowning in sleep. 我感到自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。

2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way （使）淹死
eg1. Many people drowned when the boat overturned. 翻船时有许多人淹死了。

eg2. He drowned in a boating accident. 他在一次划船事故中淹死了。

11. imperial a. 1. great and magnificent 壮丽的；宏大的
eg1. The house is huge and almost imperial. 房子很大，极其壮丽。

eg2. It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this.
据说世界上很少有地方像这里有如此壮观的美景。

2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝国的；皇帝的
eg1. the decline of an imperial power 强盛帝国的衰败
eg2. Britain's imperial expansion in the 19th century 英帝国在19世纪的扩张
12. exploit v. 1. to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage
for yourself 利用（……为自己谋利）
eg1. He exploited his father’s name to get himself a job.
他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。

eg2. She realized that her youth and inexperience were being exploited.
他意识到自己的年轻和缺乏经验正受人利用。

2. to develop or use sth for business or industry 开发，开采
eg1. countries exploiting the rainforests for hardwood 为获取硬木而开发热带雨林的国家eg2. No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica. 南极洲的矿藏还为开采。

词形变换：exploitation n.exploitative a.剥削的，榨取的
13. agent n. 1. [C] sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. find work 经纪人
eg1. A best-selling writer needs a good agent. 畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。

eg2. My agent has a new script for me to look at. 我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。

2. [C] a person or company that represents another person or company, esp. in business 代理人；代
理商
eg1. Our agent in New Y ork deals with all US sales. 我们在纽约的代理商处理所有的美国销售业务。

14. hasten vt. make sth. happen sooner or more quickly 加快；加速
eg1. The treatment she received may, in fact, have hastened her death.
实际上她接受的治疗加速了她的死亡。

eg2. News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office.
有关这件丑闻的消息当然加速了他的离职。

15. blur n. [C] sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物
eg1. The events of that day were just a blur. 那天所发生的事情简直就是一片模糊，记不清楚。

eg2. My memory of my childhood days is only a blur. 我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。

16. continuity n. [U] the state of continuing for a period of time 连贯；连续（性）
eg1. The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity. 这部小说在叙述的连贯性上是失败的。

eg2. His speech lacks continuity in logic. 他的演说缺乏逻辑的连贯性。

17. sustain vt. make sth. continue to exist for a period of time 维持；使...持续
eg1. She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.
她设法使得每个人的兴趣都保持到她演讲结束。

eg2. Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances. 袋鼠能高速行进很长的距离。

词形变换：sustainable a.可持续的
18. dissolve v. (of a solid) to mix with a liquid and become part of it 溶解
eg1. Salt dissolves in water. 盐溶解于水。

eg2. Heat gently until the sugar dissolves. 慢慢加热直到糖溶解为止。

词形变换：dissolution n.溶解，解除
19. minute a. very small 极小的
eg1. Her writing's so minute that it's difficult to read. 她的字迹太小了，很难认。

eg2.The problem was caused by minute particles of dust getting in the disk drive.
问题是由进入到磁盘驱动器上的灰尘微粒引起的。

20. discount vt. 1. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important 忽视；低估
eg1.Y ou shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.
你们不应该不相信他回来的可能性。

eg2. Much of what he says must be discounted. 他说的很多话不可信。

2. reduce the price of sth. 降低价格；打折
eg1. The store discounts all its merchandise. 这家商店的所有商品都打折。

eg2. He asked to discount 15% from the price. 他要求打八五折。

n. [C] a reduction in the usual price of sth. 折扣
eg1. They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies.
如果你买十本以上，他们通常给你打折扣。

eg2. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
他们向乘火车旅行的学生提供九折优惠。

21. plot n. 1. [C] the story of a book, film, play, （小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节
eg1. The film has a very simple plot. 这部电影的情节非常简单。

eg2.The plots of his books are basically all the same. 他写的书在情节上基本都是一样的。

2. [C] a secret plan 阴谋；密谋
eg1. The plot was discovered before it was carried out. 这密谋还没进行就已被发现。

eg2. The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the President.警方挫败了一起暗杀总统的阴谋。

22. distinct a. 1. clearly different or belonging to a different type 明显不同的
eg1. The two concepts are quite distinct from each other. 这两个概念是有明显区别的。

eg2. The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.
这两个组的学习需要是相当不同的。

2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled 清晰的；清楚的；明显的
eg1. The outline of the ship became more distinct. 船的轮廓变得更清楚了。

eg2. As night fell, the outline of the mountain became less distinct.
夜幕降临，山峦的轮廓变得不那么清楚了。

23. fraud n. [C, U] the crime of deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally 欺诈；诈骗eg1. She was charged with credit card fraud. 她被指控用信用卡诈骗。

eg2. Big losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close.
由于偷窃和欺诈造成的巨大损失，这家公司倒闭了。

24. contaminate vt. make sth. dirty or poisonous 污染；弄脏
eg1. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.
那海岸的许多地方已被核废料污染了。

eg2. The food which had been contaminated was destroyed. 被污染的食品已经被销毁了。

词形变换：contamination n.污染contaminant n.污染物
25. underline vt. 1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在...下划线
eg1. All the technical words have been underlined in red.所有的技术词汇下面都用红色划了线。

eg2.Don't forget to underline the title of the essay. 别忘了在文章标题下划线。

2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 强调，使突出
eg1. She underlined the seriousness of the situation. 她强调了形势的严峻性。

To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage.
为了强调他们的厌恶，人群开始向舞台扔瓶子了。

26. compromise v. to give up some of your demands after a dispute with sb, in order to reach an agreement （为
达成协议而）妥协，折中，让步
compromise (with sb. )(on sth)
eg1. They were unwilling to compromise with the Communists. 他们不愿与共产党人妥协。

eg2. After much argument, the judges finally compromised on the (=agreed to give the prize to) the 18-year old pianist. 经过激烈的讨论，评委终于同意那个18岁的钢琴手获奖。

n.an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the end 妥协，折中，互让，和解
eg1. After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.
双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。

eg2. In any relationship, you have to make compromises. 在任何关系中，人们都得做出让步。

词形变换：compromising a.有失体面的，不宜泄漏的
27. uncompromising a. unwilling to change one's opinions or behavior 不妥协的；不让步的
eg1. He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising. 他因顽强、不妥协出名。

eg2. At work, George was known as an uncompromising businessman.
在工作上，乔治是一个决不让步的商人。

28. object vi. oppose or disapprove of sth. 反对；不赞成
eg1. Would anyone object if we start the meeting now? 如果我们现在开始开会，有人反对吗？
eg2. No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.
当老板说该回家了时，没有人表示反对。

object to (doing) sth.
eg1. Many local people object to the building of the new airport.
许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。

eg2. I really object to being charged for parking. 我非常反对收停车费。

29. accuse vt. say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad 指控；控告
eg1. "It wasn't my fault." “这不是我的过错。

”
"Don't worry, I'm not accusing you." “别担心，我不是在指责你。

”
eg2. He's been accused of robbery. 他被控抢劫。

词形变换：accusing a.谴责的，指责的
accusingly ad.
accusatory a. 谴责的，指责的，控告的
accusation n. 控告，起诉，谴责
30. sue vt. make a legal claim against sb., esp. for money 起诉；控告
eg1. The company is suing a former employee for breach of contract.
该公司正在起诉一个前雇员违反合同。

eg2. He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed.
如果工作完不成，他威胁要起诉他们。

31. attorney n. [C] a lawyer 律师
eg1. Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney for nearly three hours.
辛普森回答了将近三小时自己辩护律师提出的问题。

eg2. Other investors have hired attorneys and are deciding whom to sue.
其他投资者已经雇了律师，正在决定要起诉谁。

32. second vt. support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting 支持；附议
eg1. The motion was proposed by the club's chairman and seconded by the secretary.
这提案是俱乐部主席提出的，并得到了秘书的支持。

eg2. "Will anyone second this motion?" “有谁支持这项提议？”
"I second it, Mr. Chairman." “主席先生，我附议。

”
33. fine vt. make sb. pay money as a punishment 罚...的款
eg1. Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.
超速驾驶的司机会受到重罚。

eg2. They fined him $100 for threatening behavior.因为威胁性的举止，他被他们罚了100美金。

34. expel vt. force sb. to leave a school or organization 开除；驱逐
eg1. The government has expelled some diplomats. 政府已将一些外交官驱逐出境。

eg2. My brother was expelled from school for bad behavior.
我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。

35. justify vt. show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable 证明...有道理；
为...辩护
eg1. How do you justify your rude behavior? 你如何为你的粗鲁举止辩解呢？
eg2. We can't justify spending any more money on this project.
我们没有理由再在这个项目上花费更多的钱了。

36. single-minded a. having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it 一心一意的；专一的
eg1. She is very single-minded about her career. 她专一于自己的事业。

eg2. Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little time left for her family.
她对工作一心一意的奉献意味着她很少有时间留给自己的家庭。

37. desperate a. 1. needing or wanting sth. very much 极需要的；极向往的
eg1. The team is desperate for a win. 这个队极需要一场胜利。

eg2. He was desperate to get a job. 他非常想得到一份工作。

2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation 绝望的；拼命的
eg1. I had no money left and was desperate. 我没有钱了，感到很绝望。

eg2. Time was running out and we were getting desperate. 时间不断流逝，我们开始不顾一切。

38. desperately ad. 1. very much 非常
eg1. She always seems to be desperately busy! 她看上去总是非常忙。

eg2. I'm not desperately keen on watching football. 我并不酷爱看足球。

2. in a worried or angry way 绝望地；拼命地
eg1. The doctors tried desperately to save her life. 医生拼命地要拯救她的生命。

eg2. He looked round desperately for someone to help him.
他绝望地朝四周看了看，希望有人帮助他。

39. alas ad. unfortunately 不幸的是；遗憾的是
eg1. I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.
我喜欢足球，可是，真遗憾，我没有足球队员的天赋。

eg2. For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life.
对许多人来说，很不幸，饥饿是日常生活的一部分。

Phrases and Expressions
1.at best even when considered in the most positive way 充其量；至多
eg1. At best she would become disabled; at worst she would die.
最乐观地看，她会变残废；最糟糕的话，她会死去。

eg2. He was, at best, a second-class writer. 他充其量是一个二流作家。

2. end up to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in 结果是，最后eg1. If you go on like this you will end up in prison. 如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。

eg2. At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married.
他们起初相互仇恨，到后来却成了夫妻。

3. run a/the risk be in a situation in which sth. bad could happen 冒险；有...风险
eg1. He ran the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss.
他冒着丢饭碗的风险批评了他的老板。

eg2. If you keep working in such a temperature, you will run a risk of getting heat stroke.
如果你在这样的温度下继续工作，就有中暑的危险。

4. other than apart from, except 只是，除了
eg1. He didn’t mention anyone else’s contributions other than his own.
他只提到了自己的贡献，而没有提其他任何人的。

eg2. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.
我们错过了最后一班公交车，所以除了走回家别无选择。

5. at one’s/its worst as bad or unpleasant as someone or something can be 最糟糕
eg1. The pain was at its worst in the late evenings. 深夜时痛得最厉害。

eg2. Y ou saw the garden at its worst, I’m afraid. 我想你所看到的花园出于其最糟糕的时候。

6. remain/be true to continue to be loyal to sb. or sth. 忠于
eg1. He remains true to his principle. 他忠于自己的原则。

eg2. We are true to our cultural traditions. 我们忠于我们的文化传统。

7. come on/upon find sth or meet someone unexpectedly 偶遇
eg1. I came upon one of my college teachers on the street. 我在街上碰到了一位大学老师。

eg2. We came upon the idea of asking people tp donate money over the Net.
我们无意中想到了在网上请人们捐款的主意。

8. throw out make sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules
开除；解雇
eg1. Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work.
他们的工会接到指示要为那些失去工作的人找到工作。

eg2. These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failing drug tests.
这两位著名的运动员由于没有通过药检被逐出奥运会。

Section B The Power of a Good Name
W ords：
1.barn n. [C] a farm building for storing crops, or for keeping animals in 谷仓；牲口棚
eg1.They live in a converted barn. 他们住在谷仓改建的屋子里。

eg2. When he came into the barn from the brilliant sunlight outside, he was momentarily blinded. 当他从阳光明媚的外面走进谷仓，他有一小会儿什么都看不见。

2.bull n. [C] a male cow 公牛
eg1. Several times I saw a big bull, sometimes even two together.
好几次我看到一头大公牛，有时甚至两头大公牛在一起。

eg2. They did not see the sign by the gate saying "Beware of the bull".
他们没有看到大门旁“当心公牛”的标牌。

l n. [C] a building where grain is crushed into lour 磨坊
eg1. Many of these local mills remain in name alone, having fallen into disuse.
许多当地的磨坊只不过是名义上存在，已弃之不用了。

eg2. Mills used to depend on wind power or water power. 磨坊过去依赖风力或水力操作。

4.spray v. force liquid out of a container through an opening into the air 喷；喷洒
eg1. Water sprayed across the room. 水洒得满房间都是。

eg2. The crops are regularly sprayed with pesticide.这些庄稼定期喷洒杀虫剂。

5.sunshine n. [U] the light and heat that come from the sun 阳光
eg1. The children were playing in the sunshine. 孩子们在阳光下玩耍。

eg2. I was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine. 我坐在花园里享受着阳光。

6.canal n. [C] an artificial river 运河
eg1. We walked along by the side of the canal. 我们沿着运河行走。

eg2. The Panama Canal provides a crucial shipping link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 巴拿马运河为大西洋和太平洋间提供了一个重要的运输纽带。

7.air conditioning n. a system used for keeping the air in a building or vehicle cool 空调设备
eg1. My car has air conditioning. 我的车装有空调。

eg2. The air conditioning was not yet in place. 空调设备还没装好。

8.racism n.[U] the belief that some races of people are better than others 种族主义
eg1. Racism is unacceptable under any circumstances.
在任何情况下种族主义都是不能接受的。

eg2. The government has promised to continue the fight against racism.
政府已经承诺要继续与种族歧视斗争。

9.enquire v. (also inquire) ask for information 打听；询问
eg1. I'll enquire about the train. 我将打听有关火车的情况。

eg2. They enquired whether he would attend. 他们问他是否参加。

10.deposit n.①[C] a sum of money that is paid into a bank account 存款
eg1. Deposits can be made at any branch. 可以在任何分行存款。

eg2. I'd like to make a deposit into my savings account. |我想存一笔款到我的储蓄账户上。

②[C] a sum of money that is given as the irst part of a larger payment 定金
eg1. We've put down a 5% deposit on the house. 我们已为这房子付了5%的定金。

eg2. They normally ask you to pay $100 as a deposit. 他们一般要你付100美元定金。

11.moist a. slightly wet 湿润的
eg1. Leave a vent open to let some moist air escape.
让通风口开着，好让一些潮湿空气跑出去。

eg2. Keep the soil moist. That way, the seedling will flourish.
使土壤保持湿润，那样，秧苗会长得好。

12.amuse vt. make sb. laugh or smile 使开心，使发笑
eg1. We were very amused by her comments. 我们被她的评论逗得哈哈大笑。

eg2. My funny drawings amused the kids. 我有趣的图画使得孩子们哈哈大笑起来。

13.relief n. [sing., U] a relaxed feeling that sth. unpleasant has not happened or has ended 安慰；如释重负
eg1. We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 当他离开时我们都如释重负地叹了口气。

eg2. Much to my relief the car was not damaged. 令我感到宽慰的是车没损坏。

14.heave vt. pull or lift sth. heavy with one great effort （用力）举；拉；推
eg1. He heaved the bag onto his shoulder. 他用力把那袋子举到肩膀上。

eg2. All afternoon we heaved bales of hay up onto the truck.
整个下午我们都在把一捆捆的干草拖上卡车。

15.furnish vt. ①. supply or provide sth. 供应；提供
eg1. Will these findings furnish more information on prehistoric man?
这些发现会对史前人类的情况提供更多的资料吗？
eg2. Foreign investors furnished most of the capital for the project.
外国投资者为这项目提供了大部分资金。

②provide furniture for a house or room 为（房间或房屋）配备家具
eg1. Having bought the house, they couldn't afford to furnish it.
他们买了这屋子，没钱给它配置家具。

eg2. The house was simply furnished. 这屋子家具配置得很简单。

16.behave vi. act in a particular way 举动；表现
eg1. She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit.
她姨妈们来时，她的表现总是很好。

eg2. Whenever there was a full moon he would start behaving strangely.
只要是有全月，他的举止就会开始变得怪异了。

17.lest conj. in order to make sure that sth. will not happen 以免；唯恐
eg1. They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoy the neighbors.
他们不敢对这噪音抱怨，唯恐使邻居们生气。

eg2. I was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me. 我不敢开门，唯恐他跟踪我。

18.initiative n. [U] the ability to decide what to do and when to do it 主动性；自主决断能力
eg1. Y ou won't get much help. Y ou'll have to use your own initiative.
你不会得到很多帮助，你得用你自己的决断能力。

eg2. She did it on her own initiative. 她是自己主动做这件事的。

19.restore vt. ① make sth. return to its formal level or condition 使恢复
eg1. The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy.
这些措施是为了恢复公众对经济的信心。

eg2. Order was quickly restored after the riots. 暴乱后，秩序很快就恢复了。

②repair a building, piece of furniture, etc. so that it looks as good as it did originally 修复；使复原
eg1. The house has been lovingly restored to the way it looked in 1900 when it was built.
这房子已被精心修复到1900年它建造时的样子。

eg2. This cream claims to restore your skin to its youthful condition.
这种护肤霜声称能使你皮肤恢复到年轻状况。

20.induce vt. cause sth., esp. a mental or physical change 引起，导致
eg1. Pills for seasickness often induce drowsiness. 晕船药片常常会引起磕睡。

eg2. Too much food induces sleepiness. 吃得过饱会产生睡意。

21.melt vi. gradually disappear 逐渐消失
eg1. Opposition to the government melted away. 对政府的反对消失了。

eg2. His anger slowly melted. 他的愤怒慢慢地消失了。

﹠v. become or make sth. become liquid as a result of heating（使）融化；（使）熔化eg1. The snow showed no sign of melting. 雪没有融化的迹象。

eg2. The sun had melted the snow. 太阳使雪融化了。

22.exceedingly ad. extremely 非常，极其
eg1. He was clever, handsome and exceedingly rich. 他聪明、英俊，非常有钱。

eg2. I've become exceedingly worried about the future of our son.
我对我们儿子的前途变得非常担心。

23.meanwhile ad. during the same period of time when sth. else is happening 与此同时；在此期间
eg1. Jim went to answer the phone. Meanwhile, Peter started to prepare lunch.
吉姆去接电话了，在此时间彼得开始准备午饭。

eg2. The incomes of male professionals went up by almost 40%. Meanwhile, professional women saw little increase in their incomes.
男性专业人员的收入增加了几乎40%，而兼职女性的工资几乎没增长。

24.pave vt. cover a road, area, etc. with lat stones or bricks 铺设，铺砌
eg1. The area from the shops to the beach is paved with bricks set in patterns.
从商店到海滩按图案铺设了砖。

eg2. The city center streets are well paved. 市中心的街道都铺得很好。

Phrases and Expressions
1.put around:传播，散布。

eg1. Christine put an arm around him, aware of his scrawny shoulders.
克里丝汀用手臂扶着他，感觉到他那骨瘦如柴的肩膀。

eg2.People put up decorations around their houses and decorate their Christmas trees.
人们在房屋周围挂满装饰品，装饰圣诞树。

2.pen up: shut an animal or a person in a small area 把...关起来
eg1. When all the cattle were safely penned up, the farmer could stop work for the day.
当所有的牛都安全地关进了栏中，这农民就可以结束了一天的工作。

eg2. The whole family were penned up in one room for a month.
整个一家人在一间房间被关了一个月。

3.get behind: 落在后面
eg1. He always gets behind in the race.赛跑时他总是落在后面。

eg2. Our industrial production has got behind in the last three months.
上一季度我们的工业生产掉下来了。

4.drive into: 赶进；敲入；灌输；迫使处于(某种)状态
eg1. The cows were driven into the barn. 牛被赶进了牲口棚。

eg2. A wooden stake was driven firmly into the ground. 木桩被牢牢钉进土地里。

eg3. How can I drive into him why he shouldn't drink so much?
我怎么才能给他讲明白不能喝这么多酒的道理呢?
eg4. The failure drove him into despair. 这次失败使他绝望了。

5.cool off: become cooler after being very hot 变凉快；（使）变凉
eg1. We cooled off with a swim in the lake. 在湖里游了个泳，我们感到凉快了。

eg2. By late autumn it has cooled off. 到深秋，天气已凉快。

6.enquire into：try to ind out the truth about sth. 调查；查问
eg1. When the authorities inquired into his background, they found he had a criminal record. 在当局调查他的背景时，发现他有犯罪记录。

eg2. The police are enquiring into the matter. 警方正在调查这件事。

7.pull up: (使)停下(住)，停车，停止; 责备; (使)名次提前, 追上
eg1. The car pulled up outside the inn.轿车在旅馆外面停了下来。

eg2. Don't pull him up about this; it's not really his fault. 这不是他的过错, 别责怪他。

eg3. He's pulled up from the seventh to the second place.他已从第七名跃升到第二名。

8.on credit: buying sth. and paying for it later 赊；赊购
eg1. Many people have to make major purchases on credit.
许多人不得不用赊购方式购买大件商品。

eg2. We bought the dishwasher on credit. 我们是用赊购方式买这太洗碟机的。

9.reach for: 伸出…以触及
eg1. The soldier reached for his gun.那名士兵伸手去拿枪。

eg2. I reached for a floating log with my foot. 我用脚去钩取一段漂浮着的木头。

10.open a/the door to: make sth. possible 使...可能；给...以机会
eg1. Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments.
基因研究将为新的激动人心的医疗方法打开大门。

eg2. These talks may well open the door to a peaceful solution.
这些会谈很可能为和平解决方案创造条件。

11.keep one's word: do what one has promised to do 履行诺言
eg1. I trust her to keep her word. 我对她履行诺言很放心。

eg2. I said I'd visit him and I shall keep my word. 我说过我会去看望他，我会说到做到
12.work one's way:半工半读
eg. She had to work her way through law school. 她须半工半读学习法律。

13.melt away: gradually disappear 逐渐消失
eg1. Her determination to take revenge slowly melted away. 他报复的决心慢慢的消失了。

eg2. When he heard these words, he felt his inner doubts melt away.
听到这些话时，他感到自己内心的怀疑消失了。

14.fall apart: (of an organization, system, etc.) no longer continue （组织、制度等）瓦解，崩溃
eg1. Don't be reckless or your plans may fall apart.
不要鲁莽，不然的话你的方案也许会失败。

eg2. Their marriage fell apart when she found out about her husband's affair.
当她发现丈夫有外遇时，他们的婚姻破裂了。

15.hold up: support sb. or sth. and stop them from falling down 支撑
eg1. The roof is held up by four enormous pillars.屋顶由四根巨大柱子支撑着。

eg2. Her legs were almost too shaky to hold her up. 她的双腿颤抖得几乎使自己都站不住。

16.shrug off: treat sth. as unimportant and not worry about it 对...不予理会；对...不屑一顾
eg1. He shrugged off my thanks. 他对我的感谢不给予理睬。

eg2. Y ou're a father and you can't simply shrug off your responsibilities to your children.
你是一个父亲，你不能对自己孩子们的责任满不在乎。

17.pass on: 前进; 继续下去; 对…发表(意见); 作(判断) ; 传递; 传授; 去世
eg1. He stopped for a moment, and then passed on.他停了一会儿, 又向前走去。

eg2. I can't pass an opinion on your works without seeing it.
我没有看到你的作品, 不能发表意见。

eg3. The story is passed on from generation to generation in the village.
这故事在村民中世代相传。

eg4. He passed on in his sleep.他在睡眠中死去。

18. pave the way for: make it possible or easier for sth. to happen 为...铺平道路；为...创造条件
eg1. This decision paved the way for changes in employment rights for women.
这个决定为妇女就业权利方面的变化铺平了道路。

eg2. Scientists hope that the data will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars. 科学家们希望这些数据会为更彻底的火星考察铺平道路。