Chapter20 Controlling for Performance
Macroeconomics 1
Two measures of National product: goods flow and earnings flow
We begin by considering an oversimplified world in which there is no government,foreign trade or investment. For the moment,our little economy produces only consumption goods,which are items that are purchased by households to satisfy their wants. Consumption purchases $ Final goods and services Households Business
3. Stable Prices The most common measure of the overall price level is the consumer price index, known as the CPI. We call changes in the level of prices the rate of inflation, which denotes the rate of growth or decline of the price level one year to the next.
Chapter 20
Overview of Macroeconomics
What is Macroeconomics?
1. Macroecomics is the study of of the behavior of the economy as a whole. 2. Macroeconomics examines the reason behind the economic growth and decline of nations. We will focus on the two major elements of performance: the short-term fluctuations in output, employment, and prices that are called the business cycle; and the long-term trends in output and living standards that we call economic growth.
罗宾斯管理学英文版18章
8th edition Steven P. Robbins Mary Coulter
PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All riloyees
Control systems provide managers with information and feedback on employee performance.
Protecting the workplace
Controls enhance physical security and help minimize workplace disruptions.
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
18–10
Taking Managerial Action
Courses of Action
“Doing nothing”
Only if deviation is judged to be insignificant.
Controlling Organizational Performance
Define organizational performance. Describe the most frequently used measures of organizational performance
Tools for Organizational Performance
The Purpose of Control
To ensure that activities are completed in ways that lead to accomplishment of organizational goals.
中庸第十一章到二十章读后感
中庸第十一章到二十章读后感英文回答：Chapter 11 to Chapter 20 of "The Doctrine of the Mean" provide a deeper understanding of Confucian philosophy and its practical applications in daily life. These chapters explore the concept of the mean, which refers to finding the balance between extremes and maintaining harmony in all aspects of life. The teachings emphasize the importance of self-cultivation, ethical behavior, and the pursuit of virtue.In Chapter 11, Confucius discusses the importance of sincerity and the need to align one's words with their actions. This resonates with me as I believe that being genuine and true to oneself is crucial in building trust and meaningful relationships. Confucius' teachings remind me of the English saying, "Actions speak louder than words," which emphasizes the significance of our deeds reflecting our intentions.Moving on to Chapter 12, Confucius highlights the importance of self-reflection and self-awareness. He emphasizes the need to constantly examine our thoughts, words, and actions to ensure they align with moral principles. This chapter reminds me of the English idiom, "Know thyself," which emphasizes the significance of understanding one's own strengths, weaknesses, and values.Chapter 13 delves into the concept of benevolence and the importance of treating others with kindness and empathy. Confucius teaches that by embodying benevolence, we can create a harmonious society. This chapter reminds me of the English saying, "Treat others as you would like to be treated," which emphasizes the importance of empathy and compassion in our interactions with others.Chapter 14 discusses the importance of cultivatingone's character and virtue. Confucius emphasizes that true virtue is not just about outward appearances but stems from inner sincerity and righteousness. This chapter reminds meof the English proverb, "Beauty is only skin deep," whichhighlights the significance of inner qualities and values over superficial appearances.Chapter 15 focuses on the importance of self-discipline and self-control. Confucius teaches that by cultivatingself-discipline, we can overcome our desires and achieve inner peace. This chapter reminds me of the English phrase, "Mind over matter," which emphasizes the power of the mind in controlling one's actions and impulses.Chapter 16 delves into the concept of humility and the importance of recognizing our own limitations. Confucius teaches that true humility allows us to learn from others and grow as individuals. This chapter reminds me of the English saying, "Pride comes before a fall," which emphasizes the dangers of arrogance and the importance of staying humble.Moving on to Chapter 17, Confucius discusses the importance of honesty and integrity. He emphasizes that honesty is the foundation of trust and essential for maintaining harmonious relationships. This chapter remindsme of the English idiom, "Honesty is the best policy," which emphasizes the significance of truthfulness and integrity in all aspects of life.Chapter 18 explores the concept of wisdom and the importance of seeking knowledge. Confucius teaches that through continuous learning and self-improvement, we can gain wisdom and make better decisions. This chapter reminds me of the English proverb, "Knowledge is power," which highlights the significance of acquiring knowledge for personal growth and success.Chapter 19 focuses on the importance of moderation and avoiding extremes. Confucius teaches that by finding the middle ground, we can achieve balance and harmony in our lives. This chapter reminds me of the English phrase, "Everything in moderation," which emphasizes the significance of avoiding excess and maintaining a balanced lifestyle.Finally, Chapter 20 emphasizes the importance of perseverance and resilience. Confucius teaches that byovercoming challenges and setbacks, we can achieve personal growth and success. This chapter reminds me of the English saying, "When the going gets tough, the tough get going," which emphasizes the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity.中文回答：《中庸》第十一章到第二十章深入探讨了儒家哲学及其在日常生活中的实际应用。
人民大2023张道真英语语法(第三版)(精华版)课件Chapter 20
3.2 用法 (1）be + 形容词+介词短语： 在“be+形容词”后常可跟介词短语作状语，多以人为主语，也可以事物 为主语：I'm sorry for forgetting the tickets. (2）某些动词后常跟的介词短语： 某些动词后常跟一定的介词引起状语： The police accused him of murder. (3）与介词同形的副词作状语： 与介词同形的副词几乎都可以用作状语： Stars glittered above.
first of all for better or for worse
every now and then
六、状语从句
6.1 时间状语从句(adverbial clauses of time) (1）引导词： 常用可以连接时间状语从句的词或短语结构： 连词: after、before、when、while、as、as soon as、since、till、until、 whenever 等； 短语: by the time (that)、every time (that)、the moment、the minute、the second、the instant 等; 副词：immediately、directly 等； 特殊结构：no sooner...than、hardly...when、scarcely...when 等。 It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
4.2 现在分词（短语）作状语
(3）分词有时和谓语动词关系密切，常没有逗号把它们分开： She went swimming every day. (4）有些现在分词和连词一起作状语（也可说是一种缩短了的从句): I have tried to keep your advice in mind when (I was) writing the book. (5）现在分词还可用作句子状语： Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.
高中英语 第二部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第20课(文本)素材
高中英语第二部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第20课（文本）素材英语翻议讲解：1.abolitionist n.废除主义者,废奴主义者2.arsenal n.兵工厂,军械库,武器，军火库3.capture vt.抓取,获得,迷住例句：A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals. 巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。
The novel captured the imagination of thousands of readers. 这部小说引起了千万读者的想象。
4.sustainable adj.(对自然资源和能源的利用)不破坏生态平衡的, 合理利用的可持续的例句：Water Resource Protection and Sustainable Utilization 水资源保护与可持续利用。
1.To some people this building is the scene of a crime, where a murderer and a traitor was captured and brought to justice.bring to justice使归案受审例句：The police must do all they can to bring the criminals to justice. 警方必须尽力把罪犯送交法庭审判。
2.She is using her fame as a race car driver to bring environmental issues to the attention of millions of racing fans.bring to the attention of引起某人的注意例句：That way, you can bring a pattern of behavior to management's attention. 这样你就可以提请公司主管注意你老板的不当行为。
《管理学》(Management)(英文大纲)
Part 2 Defining the Manager’s Terrain
Chapter 3 Organizational Culture and the Environment: The Constraints
The manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic? The organization’s Culture The environment
Part 6 Controlling
Chapter 18 Foundations of Control
What is control? Why is control important? The control process Types of control Implications for managers Contemporary issues in control
The importance of strategic management The strategic management process Types of organizational strategies
Part 3 Planning(Cont’d)
Chapter 9 Planning Tools and Techniques
Understanding managerial communication The process of interpersonal
communication Organizational communication Understanding information technology
Part 6 Controlling(Cont’d)
Chapter 19 Operations and Value Chain Management
管理学习题
管理学习题Management, 11e (Robbins/Coulter)Chapter 18 Introduction to Controlling1) Controlling is the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 486Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual2) Having a control system reduces the scope of employee empowerment and autonomy. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 487Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual3) Some control criteria, such as employee satisfaction, can be used for any manageme nt situation. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 488Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual4) Deviations that exceed the acceptable range of variation become significant and need a manager's attention.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 489Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual5) Basic corrective action corrects problems at once to getperformance back on track. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 490Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual6) Managers should do nothing if the variance observed from the standard is acceptable. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 491Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual7) Productivity decreases when an organization raises the prices of its products.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual8) Organizational effectiveness is a measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well those goals are being met.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual9) Feedforward control is more popular and effective than the other forms of control. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual10) Feedforward control takes place while a work activity is in progress.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual11) Activity ratios measure an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 495Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual12) The balanced scorecard approach evaluates organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 496Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual13) Managers should not consider the standards when measuring the actual performance of employees.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 497Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual14) Benchmarks for a company must be created based on the previous performance of the company.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 498Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual15) Managers tend to use more direct supervision and highly centralized decision making for control in less technologically advanced countries.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 499Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual16) Embezzlement and fraudulent filing of expenses are examples of employee theft. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 500Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual17) Employers establish specific policies defining theft and fraud and discipline procedures. This is an example of a concurrent control measure to control employee theft.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 501Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual18) Using corporate hotlines or other mechanisms forreporting and investigating workplace violence is an example of feedback control.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 501Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual19) Job uncertainties and employee stress are factors that contribute to workplace violence. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 502Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual20) A service profit chain is the service sequence from employees to customers to profit. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 504Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual21) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act also called for more disclosure and transparency of corporate financial information.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 505Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual22) ________ refers to the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance.A) ControllingB) LeadingC) PlanningD) OrganizingAnswer: APage Ref: 486Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual23) Which of the following is the final step in the management process?A) organizingB) planningC) controllingD) leadingAnswer: CPage Ref: 487Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual24) Which of the following corresponds to the controlling step in the management process?A) performance measurementsB) employee motivationC) strategy formulationD) organizational structuringAnswer: APage Ref: 487Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual25) Which of the following observations is true oforganizational controlling?A) An effective control system facilitates employee empowerment.B) Forming an organizational structure is a crucial control activity.C) Human resource management is a subset of the controlling process.D) Organizational strategies are formed during the controlling stage.Answer: APage Ref: 487Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual26) The control process assumes that ________.A) employees require clear directions from managementB) employees are under-qualified and require trainingC) performance standards are already in placeD) employee monitoring costs are part and parcel of doing businessAnswer: CPage Ref: 488Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual27) The first step in the control process is ________.A) setting the desired standardsB) measuring actual performanceC) comparing performance against expectationsD) enforcing managerial controlAnswer: BPage Ref: 488Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual28) Managers should use subjective measures when ________.A) work activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable termsB) work activities are critical to the organizationC) organizational processes and activities are complexD) immediate managerial action is requiredAnswer: APage Ref: 488Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual29) Which of the following sources of information for measuring performance has the disadvantage of being subject to personal biases, and is time consuming and obtrusive?A) oral reportsB) personal observationsC) statistical reportsD) written reportsAnswer: BPage Ref: 489Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual30) Which of the following is one of the main advantages of using statistical reports as the source of information?A) Statistical reports can be used to obtain firsthandknowledge.B) Unfiltered information can be obtained using statistical reports.C) Statistical reports are effective for showing relationships.D) Statistical reports allow verbal and non-verbal feedback.Answer: CPage Ref: 489Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual31) Which of the following sources usually provides filtered information which cannot be documented?A) oral reportsB) personal observationsC) statistical reportsD) written reportsAnswer: APage Ref: 489Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual32) Which of the following sources provides information which is comprehensive, formal, and easy to file and retrieve?A) oral reportsB) personal observationsC) statistical reportsD) written reportsAnswer: DPage Ref: 489Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual33) The comparing step in the control process determines ________.A) a company's relative position in the industry in terms of the standards usedB) a company's relative position in the industry in terms of performance variancesC) the ideal standard to be used in measuring organizational performanceD) the variation between actual performance and the standardAnswer: DPage Ref: 489Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual34) ________ corrects the problem at once to get performance back on track.A) Basic corrective actionB) Immediate corrective actionC) Revision of standardsD) Revision of benchmarksAnswer: BPage Ref: 490Topic: The Control ProcessObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual35) If a manager investigates how and why performance hasdeviated beyond the acceptable range of variation, and then corrects the source of the deviation, she is using ________.A) bureaucratic controlB) immediate corrective actionC) basic corrective actionD) concurrent controlAnswer: CPage Ref: 490Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual36) Managers could choose to do nothing when ________.A) an employee fails to attain the standard because of internal problemsB) the difference between actual performance and standard performance is low and acceptableC) performance standards are acceptable, though the employees have not attained itD) the variance observed from the expected performance is caused due to unrealistic standards Answer: BPage Ref: 491Topic: The Control ProcessObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual37) Which of the following refers to the overall output of goods or services produced divided by the inputs needed to generate that output?A) YieldB) Demand functionC) EffectivenessD) ProductivityAnswer: DPage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual38) ________ is measured by the costs of acquiring and transforming organizational resources into outputs.A) InputB) QualityC) EffectivenessD) EfficiencyAnswer: APage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual39) Which of the following is considered the easiest way to increase organizational productivity?A) increasing the price of outputsB) increasing the amount of inputsC) hiring more employeesD) decreasing the value of the productsAnswer: APage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual40) In order to increase the ratio of outputs to inputs, amanager would have to ________.A) decrease the selling priceB) increase productivityC) increase the quality of inputsD) hire additional employeesAnswer: BPage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual41) Organizational ________ is a measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well an organization is achieving those goals.A) productivityB) effectivenessC) efficiencyD) yieldAnswer: BPage Ref: 492Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual42) Certain organizations conduct culture audits to find out which companies are the best to work for. What is the major benefit associated with these rankings?A) The rankings indicate the effectiveness of an organization's concurrent control.B) The rankings indicate how well a company performs in comparison to others.C) These rankings are used by governments to makedecisions on corporate grants.D) These rankings affect the credit rating of concerned organizations.Answer: BPage Ref: 493Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual43) An organization hires additional personnel as soon as they get a major contract. The organization is using ________ control.A) feedforward controlB) concurrent controlC) feedback controlD) management controlAnswer: APage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application44) Which of the following is considered the most desirable type of control to prevent anticipated problems?A) feedforward controlB) concurrent controlC) feedback controlD) reactive controlAnswer: APage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual45) The management control that takes place while a work activity is in progress is known as________.A) feedforward controlB) concurrent controlC) feedback controlD) reactive controlAnswer: BPage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual46) Management by walking around is an example of ________ control.A) feedbackB) concurrentC) feedforwardD) reactiveAnswer: BPage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual47) ________ is when a manager in the work area interacts directly with employees to maintain supervision.A) Preventive maintenanceB) Management by walking aroundC) Reactive controlD) Feedforward controlAnswer: BPage Ref: 494Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual48) The ________ ratios measure an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations.A) activityB) liquidityC) leverageD) profitabilityAnswer: BPage Ref: 495Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual49) Which of the following ratios examines the organization's use of debt to finance its assets and its ability to meet the interest payments on the debt?A) liquidity ratiosB) leverage ratiosC) profitabilityD) activity ratiosAnswer: BPage Ref: 495Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual50) ________ ratios measure how efficiently the firm is using its assets.A) LiquidityB) LeverageC) ProfitabilityD) ActivityAnswer: DPage Ref: 495Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual51) Which of the following ratios measures how efficiently and effectively the firm is using its assets to generate revenue?A) liquidity ratiosB) leverage ratiosC) activity ratiosD) profitability ratiosAnswer: DPage Ref: 495Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual52) The ________ approach to performance measurement was introduced as a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than just the financial perspective.A) market valueB) economic valueC) balanced scorecardD) financial controlAnswer: CPage Ref: 496Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual53) Which of the following is a performance measurement tool that looks at four areas that contribute to a company's performance?A) market value methodB) economic value methodC) balanced scorecard approachD) information control approachAnswer: CPage Ref: 496Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual54) When data is analyzed and processed, it becomes ________.A) a systemB) informationC) factD) a structureAnswer: BPage Ref: 497Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual55) Raw, unanalyzed facts are called ________.A) dataB) informationC) databaseD) data centerAnswer: APage Ref: 497Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual56) ________ is the search for the best practices among competitors or noncompetitors that lead to their superior performance.A) Factor analysisB) Total quality managementC) Market positioningD) BenchmarkingAnswer: DPage Ref: 498Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual57) Control techniques can be quite different for different countries. The differences are primarily in the ________.A) types of tasks that employees perform in various countriesB) way employees respond to the controlling measuresC) strategic orientation of each techniqueD) measurement and corrective action steps of the control processAnswer: DPage Ref: 499Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual58) Fraudulent filing of expense reports is an example of________.A) employee theftB) workplace piracyC) workplace violenceD) privacy intrusionAnswer: APage Ref: 500Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual59) Clinical psychologists suggest that employee theft ________.A) occurs primarily when there are poor management-labor relationsB) is a symptom of poor planning and management controlC) happens because people find ways to rationalize this behavior as correctD) reflects deep cultural problems in the societyAnswer: CPage Ref: 501Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual60) Factors that have been found to be linked to workplace violence include ________.A) too much caffeineB) employee stressC) poor employee dietD) poor personal hygieneAnswer: BPage Ref: 502Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual61) Experts have described employee work driven by TNC asa primary contributor to workplace violence. TNC refers to ________.A) time, numbers, and crisesB) time, number, and chaosC) time, neglect, and crisesD) time, neglect, and chaosAnswer: APage Ref: 502Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual62) Which of the following is an example of a feedforward control measure used to control possible workplace violence?A) Clearly communicate the security policies to employees.B) Use corporate hotlines for reporting and investigating incidences.C) Review company policies and change, if necessary.D) Investigate incidences and take appropriate action.Answer: APage Ref: 503Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual63) An organization communicates openly to its employees about violent incidences in the workplace and what's being doneto handle them. This is an example of a ________ control strategy.A) feedbackB) proactiveC) concurrentD) feedforwardAnswer: APage Ref: 503Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual64) The service profit chain is the service sequence from employees to customers to profit. According to this concept, the company's strategy and service delivery system determines ________.A) the skill development of employeesB) how the firm performs in the short runC) the employee satisfaction in the companyD) how employees service customersAnswer: DPage Ref: 504Topic: Contemporary Issues in ControlObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual65) Corporate governance ________.A) refers to executive governance practices in companiesB) is a system used to govern a corporation so that the interests of corporate owners are protectedC) is a term that refers to legal agreements made between two or more partner firmsD) refers to the negative influence of the corporate in societyAnswer: BPage Ref: 504Topic: Contemporary Issues in ControlObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual66) Two areas in which corporate governance is being reformed are the role of boards of directors and ________.A) employee stock optionsB) financial reportingC) executive compensationD) top level managementAnswer: BPage Ref: 504-505Topic: Contemporary Issues in ControlObjective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual67) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act called for ________.A) increased pollution control measures from the governmentB) more disclosure and transparency of corporate financial informationC) limited accountability of directors and executives of corporatesD) more social contribution from companies in the United StatesAnswer: BPage Ref: 505Objective: 5Difficulty: EasyClassification: ConceptualStatco's Control (Scenario)Statco, Inc., is a statistical software company based in Columbia, TN. This publicly traded firm has grown in a systematic fashion over its 25-year existence and now claims more than 12,000 employees worldwide. As it has grown, the company has adopted a hierarchical structure, which emphasizes organizational authority. Management relies heavily on administrative rules, regulations, and policies in order to meet its goals. However, the company has struggled to meet projected revenues for each of the past 10 quarters. The firm hires Mark Adams, an expert in control system design, to design a control system and offer suggestions to improve the firm's performance.68) Which of the following is a key activity that the proposed control system should perform?A) organizational planningB) organizational structuringC) performance measurementD) strategic planningAnswer: CPage Ref: 487AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 1Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application69) Mark wants to formulate a control process for the organization. What should be the first step in the control process?A) carrying out performance comparisonB) determining the actual performanceC) developing a benchmarkD) validating the performance standardAnswer: BPage Ref: 488AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application70) Mark wants to use a tool which is easy to visualize and effective for showing relationships. Which of the following tools is best suited for this?A) personal observationsB) oral reportsC) written reportsD) statistical reportsAnswer: DPage Ref: 489AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application71) Mark recommends that the managers at Statco should identify how and why performance has deviated beyond the acceptable range of variation, and then correct the source of the deviation. Here, Mark is recommending ________.A) bureaucratic controlB) immediate corrective actionC) basic corrective actionD) concurrent controlAnswer: CPage Ref: 490AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: ApplicationThe Industry Leader (Scenario)Frank, the new CEO for First Fidelity, is working hard to turn around the formerly successful real estate business. His goal is to make First Fidelity a leader in the industry. He understands the importance of improving organizational productivity in achieving his goals. Mark is keen to improve organizational performance and effectiveness.72) The operations manager suggests a hike in the prices to improve productivity. However, Frank rules this option out. What could be the possible reason for this?A) Product prices are not related to organizational productivity.B) Selling price is negatively correlated to organizational productivity.C) The real estate business is characterized by intense competition.D) Such an action would lead to reduced employee satisfaction.Answer: CPage Ref: 492AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application73) Frank believes organizational effectiveness is more important to the organization than organizational productivity. What could be the rationale behind this belief?A) Organizational productivity is not a measure of organizational performance.B) Organizational effectiveness is a measure of how well the organizational goals are met.C) Organizational productivity is not directly related to organizational output.D) Organizational effectiveness is a quantitative measure of the input-output relationship. Answer: BPage Ref: 492AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 3Difficulty: ModerateClassification: ApplicationControlling OperationsCharles is the operations manager of a firm which operates as a leaf tobacco merchant and processor worldwide. Charles believes that the firm's productivity can be increased substantially from the current level. He wants to exert control to improve organizational performance and productivity.74) Charles wants to prevent problems before their occurrence. Which of the following is the most desirable type of control to achieve this goal?A) reactive controlB) concurrent controlC) feedforward controlD) feedback controlAnswer: CPage Ref: 494AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application75) Charles interacts directly with the employees in the work area to identify problem areas. He works with various departments to obtain a holistic idea of the business. This type of direct supervision is an example of ________ control.A) proactiveB) concurrentC) feedforwardD) feedbackAnswer: BPage Ref: 494AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application76) Charles discovers major flaws in the packaging department. He consults the production manager and formulates control measures to improve packaging. Here, Charles is using the________ control.A) feedbackB) proactiveC) concurrentD) feedforwardAnswer: APage Ref: 494AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: ApplicationFinancial ControlsRuth Moody works as a freelance financial consultant. She renders financial services to individuals and small businesses. Entropic Communications, Inc., a fabless semiconductor company, seeks her services to study the financial stability of their company.77) Ruth wants to analyze the organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations. Which of the following ratios is most helpful to Ruth in analyzing this?A) inventory turnover ratioB) return on investment ratioC) current ratioD) total asset turnover ratioAnswer: CPage Ref: 495AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application78) Ruth identifies the firm's leverage ratio to be very high. What suggestion could Ruth give to help the firm reduce its leverage ratio?A) Increase the money supply by selling a part of its assets.B) Pay back part of its debts to improve the ratio.C) Maintain more current assets than current liabilities.D) Reduce the sales to total assets ratio of the firm.Answer: BPage Ref: 496 AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: 4 Difficulty: Moderate Classification: Application。
管理的实践20章到24章读后感
管理的实践20章到24章读后感英文回答：Chapter 20: Decision Making and Problem Solving.Chapter 20 emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and problem-solving skills in management. It provides a comprehensive framework for approachingdecision-making and problem-solving situations, including problem identification, analysis, alternative generation, evaluation, and selection. The chapter also highlights the role of biases and heuristics in decision-making and discusses techniques for minimizing their influence.Chapter 21: Planning and Goal Setting.Chapter 21 delves into the fundamental principles of planning and goal setting. It explains the hierarchy of organizational goals, the different types of plans, and the key steps in the planning process. The chapter alsoemphasizes the importance of setting SMART goals (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) and outlines methods for monitoring and evaluating progress towards goals.Chapter 22: Organizing.Chapter 22 focuses on the concept of organizational structure and its impact on organizational effectiveness.It discusses different organizational structures, including functional, divisional, matrix, and network structures. The chapter also explores the factors that influence organizational design, such as size, industry, and technology.Chapter 23: Leading.Chapter 23 examines the role of effective leadership in organizations. It discusses various leadership styles, including transactional, transformational, and servant leadership. The chapter also explores the key dimensions of leadership, such as vision, communication, empowerment, andtrust.Chapter 24: Controlling.Chapter 24 concludes the section on management practices by discussing the importance of control in organizations. It outlines the four main functions of control: establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing performance to standards, and taking corrective action. The chapter also emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to control and the importance of avoiding overcontrol or undercontrol.中文回答：第20章，决策和问题解决。
OrganizationBehavior组织行为学
OrganizationBehavior组织⾏为学Organization BehaviorChapter1/doc/ad25610c4a7302768e9939d1.html anizational behavior (OB)：A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness2. Managers doManagement functionPlanningA process that includes defining goals, establishingstrategy(策略), and developing plans to coordinate（调整）activitiesControllingMonitoring activities to ensure they are beingaccomplished as planned and correcting anysignificant deviations（背离）.OrganizingDetermining what tasks are to be done, who is todo them, how the tasks are to be grouped, whoreports to whom, and where decisions are to bemade.LeadingA function that includes motivating employees,directing others, selecting the most effectivecommunication channels, and resolving conflictsManagement role: 1) interpersonal(⼈际⾓⾊)Figurehead(头⾯⼈物) Leader(领导者) Liaison(联络⼈)2) informational(信息传递者)Monitor(监控者) Disseminator(传递者) Spokesperson(发⾔⼈)3) Decisional(决策⾓⾊)Entrepreneur(创业者) Disturbance handler(混乱处理者)Resource allocator(资源分配者) Negotiator(谈判者)Management skills: 1) Technical skillsThe ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise（专门技术）.2) Human skillsThe ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups.3) Conceptual skillsThe mental ability to analyze and diagnose(诊断) complex situations. 3. Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 1) Traditional managementDecision making, planning, and controlling2) CommunicationExchanging routine(例⾏的) information and processing paperwork3) Human resource managementMotivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing(⼈员指挥), and training4) NetworkingSocializing, politicking(政治活动), and interacting(相互影响) with others4. Challenges and Opportunities for OB1) Responding to GlobalizationIncreased foreign assignmentsWorking with people from different culturesOverseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor2) Managing Workforce Diversity(差异，多样性)Embracing diversityChanging demographics（⼈⼝）Implications for managersRecognizing and responding to differences3) Improving Quality and ProductivityQuality management (QM)Process reengineering4) Responding to the Labor ShortageChanging work force demographicsFewer skilled laborersEarly retirements and older workers5) Improving Customer ServiceIncreased expectation of service qualityCustomer-responsive cultures6) Improving People Skills7) Empowering(授权) People8) Stimulating(刺激) Innovation(改⾰) and Change9) Coping with “Temporariness(临时性)”10) Working in Networked Organizations11) Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts12) Improving Ethical(伦理的) Behavior5. Independent and dependent variables1) individual-level variables个体⽔平变量⼈们带着不同的特点进⼊组织，这些特点将影响到他们在⼯作中的⾏为。
管理学术语英文对照解释
9、Organizing : 组织
Management function that involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them. How the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to them, and where decisions are to made.
指激励下属，影响工作中的个体或团队，选择最有效的沟通渠道，或者以任何方式处理雇员的行为问题的职能。
11、Controlling: 控制
Management function that involves monitoring actual performance ,comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.
处于或接近组织顶层，承担着制定广泛的组织决策,为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。
5、Management :管理
The coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people
产业革命：机器动力的出现而带来的产量的增加及运输效率的提高。
3、Scientific management: 科学管理
The use of scientific method to determine the “one best way” for a job to be done.
chap20-management
– Other Financial Control Measures - increasing popularity
monitor value obtained by customers • customers will seek other sources of supply if value is not obtained
– Impact on Organizational Reputation - strong
• provides information, not merely data
– data - raw, unanalyzed facts – information - analyzed anta in a meaningful way • can access the information in a reasonable amount of time
© Prentice Hall, 2002 20-13
Tools For Monitoring Performance (cont.)
– liquidity ratios - organization’s ability to meet its current debt obligations – leverage ratios - use of debt to finance assets and ability to meet interest payments – activity ratios - efficiency of use of firm’s assets – profitability ratios - effectiveness with which assets used to generate profits
Oracle Financial Services Software Alert Managemen
Trademarks Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names can be trademarks of their respective owners.
Oracle Financial Services Software, Inc. 1900 Oracle Way Reston, VA 20190 Phone: (703) 478-9000 Fax: (703) 318-6340 Internet: /financialservices
中外合作经营企业合同英文版本翻译
Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Contract中外合资经营企业合同——华译网翻译公司提供翻译版本请注意：这个是英文译文，中文版原文文件请见另外一个文件：中外合作经营企业合同中文原文.doc。
该英文译文是10多年前翻译的，目前我们公司增加了外籍校对环节，而且译者资历要求也提高了，所以目前的翻译水平要远高于十年前的这个水平。
这里发布的中英文文件仅作为语料素材供参考，不能作为正式英文译文模板等使用。
正式文件需要另外请我们翻译。
文献来源：华译网翻译公司官方网站华译网翻译公司提供专业学术资料、法律资料、商务资料和技术资料翻译效劳,本文件我们为某中美合资有色翻译的局部技术文件和商务文件摘录内容，供参考，欢送惠顾。
Chapter 1 General ProvisionsJoint Venture Company of XXXXXAAAAAA Industry and Commerce Co., ltd and BBBBBB International Co., ltd. agree to invest jointly in southwestern region to establish a joint venture company. For this purpose, on the basis of the principle of equality and mutual benefit the two parties conclude this contract through friendly negotiation between two parties and in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and other relevant Chinese laws and regulations.Chapter 2 Party A and Party B of the Joint Venture CompanyArticle 1: Parties to the contract are as follows:Party A: Joint Venture Company of XXXXX AAAAAA Industrial and Commercial Co., Ltd , approved by the People’ Government of XXXXX and registered by Industrial and Commercial Bureau of XXXXX.Legal domicile: 4th F of the Bureau of Communications, XXXXX Town, XXXXX CountyLegal representative:XXXX, the Chairman of the Board of Directors and general managerParty B to the contract: BBBBBB International Co., Ltd of USALegal representative: XXXXLegal domicile: XXXXX#,XXXXX XXXXX Avenue, New York, USAChapter 3 The establishment of Joint Venture CompanyArticle 2The both parties agree to establish the Joint Venture Company in China, the name of which is Sino-U.S. XXXXX XXXXX Metal Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as JVC).Article 3 The name of JVC is 中美合资XXXXX有色金属开发〔in Chinese〕. The name in English is Sino-U.S. XXXXX XXXXX Metal Co., Ltd.The legal domicile of the JVC: 4#, 4th Building, XXXXX Garden, XXXXX, China.Article 4All activities of JVC shall comply with laws, decrees and relevant regulations of PRC.Article 5 The JVC is a Limited Liability Company. The parties shall be responsible for their debts respectively according to their contribution to the investment. Each party shares the profits and bears the risks and damages in proportion to the registered capital.Chapter 4 Purpose, Business Scope and Scale of the JVCArticle 6The purpose of the JVC is to strengthen the survey, exploitation, choice, smelting, to increase import and export sales, to adopt advanced and suitable technology and scientific business management methods, to improve the quality of exploitation and develop new technology and to enhance the competitive ability in the field of quality, price etc in international market so as to increase economic results and make both parties gain satisfactory interests.Article 7 The business scope of the JVC is as follows:survey, exploitation, choice, smelting, import and export salesArticle 8 The productive scale of the JVC is as follows:1.The JVC improve the construction project and managerial systems rapidly.2.The JVC makes great efforts to innovate high technology with the development ofproduction and business and the expansion of the productive scale.Chapter 5 Total amount of Investment and Registered CapitalArticle 9The total amount of investment for the projects under the JVC is $120,000,000.Article 10The total amount of the registered capital is $ 29,880,000.Party A shall pay $ 7,470,000, amounting to 61,630,000 RMB, accounting for 25%;Party B shall pay $ 22,410,000 amounting to 184,883,000 RMB, accounting for 75%.Article 11 The two parties make their contributions as follows;Party A makes an investment of $ 7,470,000 in cash, amounting to 61,630,000 RMBParty B makes an investment of $ 22,410,000 in the form of ready bill of exchange, amounting to 184,883,000 RMBArticle 12 the two parties in proportion to their respective investment by one stage in two months shall pay the registered capital of the JVC.Article 13 Either party intends to assign all or part of his investment to a third party, consent should be obtained from the other party and approved by the original examination and approval authority (when one party to the JVC assigns all or party of its contribution, the other party has preemptive right to purchase under the same conditions.Chapter 6 The responsibilities of the parties to the JVCArticle 14 The two parties shall take responsibility to finish the issues as follows: The responsibilities of party A include:A. Making the appliance for approval, registration and receiving business license etc from the responsible authority of the People’s Government of China for the establishment of the JVC.B. Taking charge of going through the reporting formalities for the import of capital for the project in China.C. Taking charge of all the issues required by the concerning governmental document on the exploitation, choice, smelting of the XXXXX in XXXXX county, Ganzi prefecture of Southwestern Region.D. Taking charge of the purchase and rental of equipments, materials, raw materials, office appliances, means of transportation, equipments for energy equipments,accommodation and office buildings etc in China.E. Taking charge of the employment of the local Chinese personnel for business and management, technical personnel, working personnel and other needed personnel of the JVC.F. Assisting the foreign workmen in going through the formalities of receiving the needed entry visa, work license etc.G. Taking charge of other issues entrusted by the JVC.The responsibilities of party B include:A. Taking charge of the investment for the XXXXX metals and high technology project offered by party A.B. Taking charge of the guidance of the huge investment for the large-scale projects, which was offered by party A and was given an official reply by the nation.C. Taking charge of the accurate and due arrival of all the capital for the medium projects offered by approved by the concerning departments of party A and the Chinese Government.D. Paying the fee of purchasing equipments by party A.E. Taking charge of other issues of the JVC.Chapter 7 The Board of DirectorsArticle 15 The board of directors is composed of 7 directors, of which 5 shall be appointed by party A, 2 by party B. The president of the board shall be appointed by party B, and the vice-president by party A. The term of office for the directors, president and vice-presidents is four years; their term of office may be renewed if continuously appointed by the relevant party.Article 16 The board of directors is the supreme authority of the JVC, decide all major issues of JVC. The major issue shall be implemented in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and Article 36 of its implementing Rules.Article 17 The executive president is the legal representative of the JVC. In case of absence of the president, vice-president and other directors shall be authorized to be the temporary representative.Chapter 8 Business and Management OrganizationArticle 18 The JVC shall set up business and management organization to take charge of the daily business and management work of the JVC. The business and management organization shall employ a general manager recommended by party A and 4 deputy general managers recommended by party B. The board of directors shall employ the general manager, deputy general manager and general engineer whose office term shall be 4 years.Article 19 The functions and powers of the general manager are to carry out decisions of the board of directors, organize and guide the daily business and management work. The deputy manager assists the general manager.The business and management organization can employ several department managers, to take charge of the work of various department of the JVC, to handle the issues entrusted by the general manager and deputy general manager and to be responsible for the general manager and deputy general manager.Article 20 In case of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of general manager and deputy general manager, the board of directors shall have the power to dismiss them at any time.Chapter 9 Purchasing equipmentsArticle 21 Office buildings communications, traffic tools and office appliance etc needed by the JVC shall be first purchased.Article 22If the JVC entrusts the party B with the purchase of equipments in foreign markets, members of party A shall be invited to engage in it.Chapter 10 Preparation and ConstructionArticle 23 During the period of preparation and construction, preparatory office will be set up under the leadership of the board of directors. The preparatory office is composed of 4 members of whom one is appointed by party a, three by party B. The preparatory office shall have one director recommended by party A and one deputy director recommended by party A and one deputy director recommended by party B. The director and deputy director are appointed by the board.Article 24 The preparatory office takes charge of examining the design of projects. signing the construction contract, organizing the purchase and acceptance of the concerning equipments, materials etc, formulating the general schedule of the construction of projects, work out the fund-expending plan, controlling the financial payment of projects and final accounts of projects formulating the concerning management system, and preserving the documents, drawing, file and materials for the construction of projects and sorting them out etc.Article 25 The two parties designate several technical staffs to form technical group, which under the leadership of the preparatory office, is responsible for design, the quality of projects, equipments and materials and the examination, supervision and performance test of the import technologies etc.Article 26 The payment of the staff and the fee for the preparatory office are enlisted in the financial budget plan of projects after agreement is reached by two parties.Chapter 11 Labor ManagementArticle 27 Based on the plan formulated by the board of directors after study, labor contract covering the employment, dismissal and resignation, wages, labor insurance, labor safety, welfare, rewards, penalties and other matters concerning the staff and workers of the JVC shall be drawn up by the board of directors in accordance with the Regulation s of the People’s Republic of China on Labor Management in Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Venture and its implementing Rules. And with the approval of the local labor management department, the labor contract shall be signed between the JVC and the trade union of the JVC as a whole or individual employee. Article 28 The appointment, wages, social insurance, welfare and standard of allowances for business trip of the high rank management personnel recommended by both parties shall be discussed and determined by the board of directors.Chapter 12 Tax, Finance, Audit, and foreign ExchangeArticle 29 The staff and workers of the JVC shall pay all items of taxation according to the relevant laws and regulations of China.Article 30 The staff and workers of the JVC draw the reserve funds, developmentfunds, bonus and welfare funds in accordance with the regulations of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures. The annual drawing proportion shall be discussed and determined by the board of directors according to the business situation of the JVC.Article 32The fiscal year of the JVC shall be from January 1 to December 31. All vouchers, receipts, statistic statements, reports, and account books shall be written in Chinese.Article 33The JVC shall appoint a Chinese registered accountant to conduct financial audit and to report the results to the board of directors and general manager. If party B intends to appoint foreign auditors to verify the annual finance, consent shall be given by party A. party B shall bear all the fees accordingly.Article XXXXX Within the first three months of each fiscal year, the general manager shall prepare the previous years balance sheet, profits and loss statement and the disposal of profits and submit them to the board of directors for adoption.Article 35 All the foreign exchange matters of the JVC shall be handled in accordance with provisions of the Regulations on Foreign Exchange control of PRC and relevant regulations.Article 36 The JVC shall open accounts of RMB and foreign exchange with the Bank of China or other banks approved by the National Foreign Exchange Control Administration.Chapter 13 Corporation PeriodArticle 37The corporation period of the JVC is 20 years. The establishment date of the JVC shall be the date on which its business license is issued. An application for the extension of the duration, proposed by one party and unanimously adopted by the board of directors, shall be submitted to the External Commercial and Trade Ministry (or any entrusted examination and approval authority by it) for approval six months prior to the expiry date of the JVC.Chapter 14 The Disposal of Assets at the expiration of the DurationArticle 38 In case of the expiration of duration or termination of the contract aheadof time, the JVC shall conduct liquidation according to the net value in the account books in a legal way. The surplus in the account books shall be given priority to the debts and liquidation fees and then distributed between the two parties in proportion to their investmentChapter 15 InsuranceArticle 39 All insurance items of the JVC shall be insured by the People’s Insurance Company of China. The insurance types, the insurance value and the insurance period shall be discussed and determined by the board of directors of the JVC in accordance with the regulations of the People’s Insurance Company of China.Chapter 16 The Amendment, Modification and Termination of the ContractArticle 40 The amendment to this contract and its appendixes shall not be valid unless a written agreement is reached and signed by the two parties and submitted to the original examination and approval authority for approval.Article 41 Under the circumstances that the contract cannot be implemented due to the force majeure of the JVC have no ability to continue its business due to the continuous loss, the JVC, with the unanimous approval of the board of directors and the original examination and approval authority, may terminate the contract ahead of time.Article 42 Any failure to observe or perform the obligations regulated by the contract and articles or any serious breach of the provisions of this contract and articles which cause the failure of the business of the JVC or the impossibility of realizing the business purpose prescribed by the contract, shall be regarded as the unilateral termination of this contract by the party in default. Besides claim for compensation, the other party shall have the right to terminate this contract with the approval of the original examination and approval authority. If the two parties agree to continue its business, the party in default shall compensate for the economic loss of the JVC.Chapter 17 Liability for breach of contractArticle 43 If either party fails to make all its contribution on schedule in accordance with provisions of the chapter V of this contract. From the first month in delay, the party in default shall pay one percent of investment as default fine to the contract-abiding party, in addition to the claim for the payment of five percent of investment as default fine, shall have the right to terminate this contract according to article 55 of this contract and to demand the party in default to compensate for the loss.Article 44 Any fault, which leads to the failure of performance and full performance of this contract and its appendixes, shall be the liability of the party who cause the fault. If the parties are both responsible for the fault, the both parties shall be fined according to the liability for breach of this contract in view of the actual situation. Article 45In order to guarantee the performance of this contract and its appendixes, party A and party B shall offer bank guarantee for the performance of this contract each other.Chapter 18 Force MajeureArticle 46 In the event of any circumstances occur which are beyond the estimation and reasonable control of the two parties, (including earth quake, typhoon, flood, fire, war and other disasters, which have the effect of severely impairing the performance or making the parries fail to comply with any provisions of this contract, the party if affected by the circumstances of the above force majeure shall promptly notify the other by telegram. And within 15 days after the disaster, the reports of reasons for failing to perform or fully perform and the request for suspension of the operation shall be submitted to the other party by written notice. Notary authority of the area in which the disaster occurs shall offer these identification documents. According to the extent to which the performance of the contract is affected, it is decided through negotiation by the two parties to dissolve the contract or partially exempt the affected party from the liability of this contract or suspend the performance of this contract.Chapter 19 Application of the LawArticle 47 The formulation, validity, interpretation, implementation of this contractand the settlement of dispute shall be governed by the laws of PRC.Chapter 20 The settlement of DisputesArticle 48Any dispute occurring in the implementation of this contract and concerning this contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation, it shall be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee and be arbitrated in accordance with the Interim Arbitral Rules of Procedure of this committee. The decision of the arbitration is final decision and is binding on both parties.Article 49 In the process of arbitration, this contract, in addition to the parts which is controversial and being arbitrated, this contract shall be implemented continuously.Chapter 21 LanguageArticle 50 This contract is written both in Chinese and in English. The two versions shall be equally authentic. In case of discrepancy between the two versions, the Chinese version shall be the standards.Chapter 22 The validity of the contract and othersArticle 51 The accessory agreements concluded according to the principles regulated by this contract include the survey, exploitation, choice, smelting and the import and export sale which are composing parts of this contract.Article 52This contract and its appendixes shall be approved by the External Commercial and Trade Ministry of PRC (or other entrusted examination and approval authority) and take effect from the date on which they are approved.Article 53Any issue involving the right and obligations of the parties, if notified by telegraph, communications, shall be notified later by party B with written correspondence. The legal domicile of party A and party B in the contract is the address for correspondence of party A and party B.Article 54 This contract have 8 copies of the same form, of which 4 copies are submitted to the responsibly governmental bodies. Either party holds one copy in Chinese version. The contract takes effect after it is signed and sealed by the twoparties. And the two parties shall be legally liable for this contract. If there is any defect in this contract, the supplementary agreement contracted by two parties shall be equally authentic.Article 55 This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of the two parties on December 8, 2002, in XXXXX, Sichuan, China.Party A: The Joint Venture Company of XXXXX AAAAAA Industrial and Commercial Co., Ltd.Legal Representative:Telephone:Fax:Address: 4F of the Communication Bureau, XXXXX Toun, XXXXX county, XXXXX, China.Party B: Menglong International Co., Ltd of USALegal Representative:Representative:Telephone:Fax:Address: XXXXX#, XXXXX XXXXX Avenue, New York, USASino-U.S. XXXXX XXXXX Metal Co., Ltd。
管理的实践20章到24章读后感
管理的实践20章到24章读后感（中英文实用版）英文文档：After reading chapters 20 to 24 of "The Practice of Management", I have gained a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts of management.Peter Drucker"s insights into the role of management in organizations and the importance of managing people, resources, and tasks effectively are invaluable.Chapter 20 emphasizes the significance of understanding the organization"s purpose and the needs of its customers.It highlights the importance of aligning the organization"s goals with customer satisfaction.This chapter helped me realize that every manager should focus on creating value for their customers and ensuring that the organization"s objectives are met.Chapter 21 discusses the importance of managing people effectively.It emphasizes the significance of hiring the right people, providing them with opportunities for growth, and creating a positive work environment.This chapter underscores the fact that managers must prioritize the development and well-being of their employees to achieve organizational success.Chapter 22 introduces the concept of decision-making as a crucial aspect of management.It provides insights into various decision-makingtechniques and emphasizes the importance of gathering relevant information and analyzing alternatives before making a decision.This chapter has helped me understand the significance of being a skilled decision-maker and the impact it has on the organization"s performance.Chapter 23 focuses on the role of leadership in management.It highlights the importance of inspiring and motivating employees, creating a vision for the organization, and fostering a culture of innovation.This chapter has made me realize that effective leadership is essential for creating a sense of purpose and direction among team members.Chapter 24 discusses the importance of managing resources efficiently.It emphasizes the significance of budgeting, planning, and optimizing the use of resources to achieve organizational goals.This chapter has helped me understand the importance of managing resources effectively and the impact it has on the organization"s overall performance.In conclusion, the chapters 20 to 24 of "The Practice of Management" provide valuable insights into the essential aspects of management.Peter Drucker"s teachings on understanding the organization"s purpose, managing people, making effective decisions, demonstrating leadership, and managing resources efficiently are crucial for every manager to excel in their role.中文文档：在阅读《管理的实践》的第20至24章后，我对管理的基本原则和概念有了更深入的理解。
管理的实践20章到24章读后感
管理的实践20章到24章读后感英文回答：Chapter 20-24 of Managing delve into the intricate world of managerial practices. These chapters illuminate the multifaceted aspects of managing and provide valuable insights into the processes and techniques that shape successful organizations.Chapter 20 emphasizes the significance of decision-making, outlining the various types of decisions managers encounter and the decision-making models they can employ. It delves into the complexities of individual, group, and organizational decision-making, highlighting the importance of critical thinking and effective communication.Chapter 21 explores how managers plan and set goals, which are essential for organizational direction and alignment. It discusses the different approaches to planning, from strategic planning to operational planning,and emphasizes the need for flexibility and adaptability in an ever-changing business landscape.Chapter 22 focuses on the critical role of organizing, which involves creating a structure that supports the accomplishment of goals. It examines the different organizational structures, such as functional, divisional, and matrix structures, and discusses the factors that influence their selection.Chapter 23 delves into the realm of leadership, a fundamental aspect of managing. It explores the various leadership styles and theories, highlighting the importance of motivation, empowerment, and ethical decision-making. The chapter emphasizes the crucial role of leaders in creating a positive and productive work environment.Chapter 24 delves into the topic of controlling, the process of monitoring and evaluating performance against established goals. It discusses the various types of controls, including financial controls, operational controls, and behavioral controls, and emphasizes theimportance of using controls to ensure that organizations are meeting their objectives.中文回答：在管理的第20至24章中，深入探讨了管理实践。
controlling 的英语作文
controlling 的英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Controlling is when we have power over something or someone. It's like being the boss and making sure everything goes the way we want it to. We can control our actions, our emotions, and even our thoughts.One way we can control ourselves is by thinking before we act. If we're feeling angry or upset, we can take a deep breath and try to calm down before we say or do something we might regret. This is called self-control, and it's important because it helps us make good choices and avoid getting into trouble.Another way we can control things is by setting goals and making plans to achieve them. For example, if we want to get better at playing soccer, we can practice every day and work hard to improve our skills. This is called having control over our future, and it helps us reach our dreams and be successful.Sometimes, we may need to control our impulses and resist doing something we know is wrong. It can be hard to say no to things like junk food or staying up late, but by havingself-discipline and willpower, we can make better decisions for our health and well-being.Controlling doesn't mean being bossy or controlling others. It's about having power over ourselves and our own actions. By learning to control ourselves, we can become more responsible, confident, and successful in everything we do. So let's practice self-control and take charge of our lives!篇2Title: Controlling My EmotionsHey guys, today I want to talk about something super important – controlling our emotions! Sometimes we can feel angry, sad, or even happy, and it's really important to know how to deal with these feelings.First of all, it's okay to feel different emotions. We're all human and it's natural to have ups and downs. But what's really important is how we react to these emotions. Instead of lashing out or keeping everything bottled up inside, it's better to find healthy ways to express ourselves.One way to control our emotions is by taking deep breaths. When we feel angry or upset, we can pause for a moment andtake a few deep breaths. This can help calm us down and give us a chance to think rationally before we react.Another way to control our emotions is by talking to someone we trust. Whether it's a friend, parent, or teacher, talking about how we feel can really help us process our emotions. And sometimes, just talking about our feelings out loud can make us feel a lot better.Lastly, it's important to remember that we are in control of our emotions. We can choose how we react to different situations, and we can choose to respond in a positive and healthy way. So let's all strive to be mindful of our emotions and work on controlling them in a positive manner.In conclusion, controlling our emotions is super important for our well-being. By taking deep breaths, talking to someone we trust, and choosing to react in a positive way, we can better navigate through our emotions and lead a happier, more balanced life. Let's all work on controlling our emotions together!篇3Controlling is like when your mom tells you to clean your room, or when your teacher tells you to be quiet in class. It'swhen someone is telling you what to do or how to act. Controlling can be a good thing, like when it helps keep us safe or helps us learn how to behave. But sometimes controlling can be too much, like when someone is always bossing you around and not letting you make your own choices.I remember one time when my older brother was being really controlling. He kept telling me what games to play and who I could hang out with. It made me feel really frustrated because I wanted to make my own choices. I talked to my parents about it and they helped me explain to my brother that it's important to let me have some independence.Controlling can also happen in friendships. Sometimes, friends can try to control you by telling you what to wear or who to talk to. It's important to stand up for yourself and let your friends know that you want to make your own decisions.Overall, controlling can be a tricky thing. It's important to find a balance between following rules and being able to make your own choices. So next time someone is trying to control you, remember to speak up for yourself and find a solution that works for everyone.篇4Controlling means to have power over something or someone. It's like when your mom tells you to clean your room and you have to do it because she controls you. But controlling can also be a good thing, like when you control your emotions and don't get mad easily.Controlling can be hard sometimes because we all want to be in charge but we also need to listen to others. It's important to find a balance between being in control and being flexible. For example, when playing with friends, we need to take turns being in control of the game and listen to what others want to do.Controlling can also be important for keeping ourselves safe. We need to control our actions and make good choices to avoid getting into trouble. For example, we should always look both ways before crossing the street to control our safety.Overall, controlling is a part of everyday life that helps us stay organized, make decisions, and keep ourselves safe. Let's remember to be responsible with our control and always consider others as well. Thank you for reading my article about controlling!篇5Controlling is when you are in charge and making sure everything is going smoothly. It’s like being the boss of a game or a project.When you are controlling something, you have to pay attention to all the details. You need to make sure everything is working the way it’s supposed to. It’s like being the leader and making sure your team is doing their best.Controlling can be hard sometimes because you have to make decisions and take responsibility for them. You have to be brave and confident in yourself. But don’t worry, you can always ask for help from others if you need it.Controlling is important because it helps things run smoothly. If there is no one in control, things can get messy and chaotic. So, it’s good to have someone who can take charge and guide everyone in the right direction.In conclusion, controlling is a big responsibility but it can also be fun. Just remember to stay focused, be confident, and don’t be afraid to ask for help. You got this!篇6Controling things is like, super important, you guys! It's like being the boss of everything and making sure things go the way you want them to go. But controlling doesn't mean being mean or bossy, it just means being responsible and making good choices.For example, when you're playing with your friends, you gotta control your temper. If your friend accidentally knocks over your tower of blocks, instead of getting mad and yelling, you should stay calm and maybe help them build it back up. That's being in control of your emotions.And when you're doing your homework, you gotta control your focus. It's so easy to get distracted by your toys or the TV, but if you wanna get good grades, you gotta stay focused and finish your work. That's being in control of your attention.And when you're at the playground, you gotta control your body. You should always listen to the rules and play safely. You don't want to get hurt or hurt someone else, right? That's being in control of your actions.So, controlling is all about making good choices and being responsible. It's like being the captain of your own ship and steering it in the right direction. So let's all try to be morecontrolling in a positive way and show everyone how awesome we are!篇7Controlling is like being the boss of your own life. It means taking charge and making decisions that will help you reach your goals. Just like how I control my toys and games, controlling is about taking responsibility and being in charge of yourself.Controlling is important because it helps us stay focused and organized. It means knowing what we want and how to get there. For example, if I want to get good grades in school, I need to control my time and study hard. If I want to be a good friend, I need to control my actions and be kind to others.Sometimes controlling can be hard, especially when there are distractions or temptations. Just like how I have to resist the urge to play video games when I should be doing my homework, controlling means making tough choices and sticking to them. It's not always easy, but it's important to stay strong and remember what's best for us in the long run.Controlling can also mean having self-discipline andself-control. It means knowing when to say no to things that are not good for us, like eating too much candy or staying up toolate. By controlling our actions and making smart choices, we can build good habits and create a better future for ourselves.In conclusion, controlling is about being the boss of our own lives and making decisions that will help us succeed. It's important to stay focused, organized, and disciplined in order to reach our goals. So let's take control and be the best we can be!篇8Title: Controlling MyselfHello everyone, today I want to talk about controlling ourselves. It's something that we all need to learn how to do, even though it can be really hard sometimes.Controlling ourselves means being able to stop ourselves from doing something we shouldn't do, like eating too much candy or watching TV all day instead of doing our homework. It's about using self-control and willpower to make good choices and not give in to our impulses.For example, if I really want to play video games all day, but I know that I have to finish my homework first, I need to control myself and do my homework before playing. It's not easy, but it'simportant to have self-discipline and prioritize what needs to be done.Controlling ourselves also means being able to manage our emotions. If I'm feeling angry or upset, I need to be able to control myself and think before I react. I can take a deep breath, count to 10, or talk to someone about how I'm feeling instead of lashing out.Overall, controlling ourselves is about making good choices and being responsible for our actions. It's a skill that takes practice, but the more we work on it, the better we will become at it. So let's all try our best to control ourselves and make good decisions every day!篇9Sure! Here is a fun and informal essay on "Controlling":Controlling is like when you have a remote control for your TV or video game. You get to decide what to do and when to do it. It's all about being in charge and making things go the way you want.For example, when you have a big project to do for school, controlling can help you stay organized and make sure you geteverything done on time. You can make a plan, set goals, and check off each task as you go along. It's like taking control of the situation and not letting it control you.Controlling can also help you stay calm and focused when things get crazy. Maybe you have a test coming up or a sports game to play. By controlling your thoughts and emotions, you can stay cool under pressure and perform your best.But remember, controlling doesn't mean you have to be bossy or mean. It's about taking charge of yourself and your actions, not trying to control other people. Everyone has the power to control their own choices and make the right decisions.So, next time you face a challenge or a tough decision, remember that you have the power to control the outcome. Stay positive, stay focused, and take control of the situation. You've got this!篇10Controlling is like when you are playing a video game and you have to push the buttons to make your character move. It’s all about making things happen the way you want them to.Have you ever tried to control a remote-control car? You have to steer it in the right direction and push the buttons to ma ke it go forward or backward. It’s the same with controlling things in real life.For example, when you have a big test coming up, you have to control your time and study hard to get a good grade. Or when you are playing with your friends, you have to control your emotions and not get too angry if you lose.Controlling is important because it helps us make good choices and do the right things. It’s like being the boss of your own life and making sure everything goes the way you want it to.So next time you are faced with a challenge, remember that you have the power to control the outcome. Just like a video game, push the right buttons and steer yourself in the right direction. You’ll see that controlling can help you achieve great things and reach your goals.。
关第20条有感的作文
关第20条有感的作文英文回答：In the tapestry of human rights, Article 20 weaves an intricate thread, safeguarding the freedom of expression and thought, the indispensable pillars of a just and democratic society. This fundamental right empowers individuals to share their ideas, beliefs, and opinions without fear of censorship or reprisal. It ensures that diverse perspectives can flourish, fostering intellectual growth and societal progress.Freedom of expression is not merely a luxury but avital force that drives innovation, challenges the status quo, and exposes injustices. It enables individuals to hold those in power accountable, ensuring that authority remains transparent and responsive. A society that suppresses dissent stifles its own potential, creating an atmosphere of fear and intellectual stagnation.Furthermore, Article 20 protects the freedom of thought, recognizing that the mind is a sacred space where ideas can germinate and evolve. Free thought is the seedbed of creativity, imagination, and critical inquiry. It nurtures the development of new knowledge and understanding,allowing humanity to push the boundaries of human progress.However, freedom of expression is not unbounded. Reasonable restrictions may be imposed to protect public order, national security, or the rights of others. These limitations must be narrowly tailored and proportionate to the legitimate aim, ensuring that they do not undulyinfringe upon the fundamental right to express oneself.In an era of rapid technological advancement, the internet has emerged as a powerful platform for free expression. While it has democratized the flow of information, it has also presented new challenges. The spread of misinformation, hate speech, and online harassment has prompted discussions about the need to balance freedom of expression with other important societal values such as truth and human dignity.As we navigate the complex landscape of the 21st century, it is more important than ever to uphold the principles enshrined in Article 20. Freedom of expression and thought are essential ingredients for a flourishing and just society. By safeguarding these fundamental rights, we empower individuals to shape their own destinies,contribute to the collective progress of humanity, andbuild a world where everyone's voice can be heard.中文回答：关于第 20 条的感想。
赖利投资学 (20)
D
D
t 1
T
t
sD = the standard deviation of the differential return during the period
The historic (ex post) Sharpe Ratio (S) is:
N
S
D
sD
Composite Portfolio Performance Measures
Composite Portfolio Performance Measures
How can we evaluate portfolio performance?
Calculate excess returns as the difference between portfolio returns and a returns from a return-generating model like the CAPM. Relative return ratios, which measure return per unit of risk Scaled return methods, which adjusts the portfolio return for risk so that it can be directly compared to the benchmark return
Chapter 20 Questions
What measure of risk is used in the Wagner and Tito bond-portfolio performance measure? What are the components of the Dietz, Fogler, and Hardy bond-portfolio performance measure?
高中英语2020年全国2卷英语阅读理解AB篇随文生词及翻译
1 2020年高考英语全国二卷第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AThe Lake District 区 Attractions 景点 GuideDalemain Mansion & Historic GardensHistory, Culture & Landscape （景观）. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5acres 英亩英亩 of celebrated 庆祝庆祝 and award-winning 获奖的获奖的gardens with parkland 有草木的开阔地开阔地 walk, Owned 拥有拥有by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival 节日. Gifts 礼品礼品 and antiques 古董, plant 植物植物 sales,销售销售museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.Open: 29 Mar 三月- 29 Oct 十月, Sun 周日周日to Thurs 周四. Tearoom, Gardens & Gifts Shop: 10.30 10.30 –– 17.30 (16:00 in Oct).House: 11：15 15 –– 16:00 (15.00 in Oct) Town: Pooley Bridge & PenrithAbbot Hall Art Gallery 画廊 & MuseumThose viewing 观看观看 the quality 品质品质 of Abbot Hall’s temporary 临时的临时的exhibitions 展览展览 may be forgiven 宽恕宽恕for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive 印象深刻的 permanent 永恒的 collection 收藏收藏includes 包括 Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme 项目；节目项目；节目has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open : Min to Sat and Summer Sundays.10：30-17：00 Summer,10：30-16：00 Winter. Town : KendalTullie House Museum & Art GalleryDiscover 发现, explore 探索探索and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections 历史收藏, contemporary 当代的当代的 art and family fun are brought 引进引进together inone impressive 印象深刻的 museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic 美妙的美妙的 galleries to visit from fine art to interactive 互动的互动的fun 乐趣, so there’s something for everyone!Open : High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10：00-17.00,Sun 11.00-17：00.Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16：30,Sun 12.00-16：30Town : CarlisleDove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth’s inspiration 灵感灵感home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside 山坡山坡 garden and explore the riches 丰富丰富of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the caféin the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events . Exhibitions, events 活动；大事件活动；大事件 and family activities 活动活动 throughout 贯穿；全贯穿；全the year. Open : Daily,00：30-17：30(last 最后的最后的 admission 准许进入准许进入17：00). Town : Grasmere21. Where is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?A. 09：30-17：30B. 10：30-16：00C. 11.15-16：00D. 12.00-16：30 22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?A. A. Enjoy Romney’s works.Enjoy Romney’s works.B. Have some interactive fun.C. Attend a famous festivalD. Learn the history of a family23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life? A. Penrith B. Kendal C. Carlisle D. Grasmere湖区景点指南湖区景点指南达莱曼大厦&历史公园历史公园历史、文化与景观(景观)。
chapter 20 Concluding a deal
NEU
School of Business Administration
12/Chapter 20
A new solution
Ms Wong calls up and comes up with a new cooperation proposal. Watch the next part of dialogue and try your best to find out the keys to the following questions. 1. Which part of the design does Ms Wang want to change? 2. How does she feel like about the conclusion of yesterday’s meeting? 3. According to Ms Wong’s advice, what need to be done to make the producing process more simpler?
School of Business Administration
4/Chapter 20
In this unit...
Sally Wong makes a new proposal for the Mark 2 project. Clive, Derek and Sally have another meeting and reach a new conclusion. Edward negotiates a better job package at Bibury Systems.
NEU
School of Business Administration
13/Chapter 20
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Traditional Financial Control Measures • taken from organization’s main financial statements • a number of financial ratios used in organizations – liquidity ratios - organization’s ability to meet its current debt obligations – leverage ratios - use of debt to finance assets and ability to meet interest payments – activity ratios - efficiency of use of firm’s assets – profitability ratios - effectiveness with which assets used to generate profits
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Increased Ability to Provide Customer Value - must monitor value obtained by customers Impact on Organizational Reputation - strong reputation leads to greater consumer trust and ability to command premium pricing Improved Measures of Organizational Knowledge • organizational knowledge - knowledge created by collaborative information sharing and social interaction leading to appropriate action
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
20.5
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (continued)
• Why is Measuring Organizational Performance Important? (continued)
– –
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
20.9
TYPES OF PERFORMANCE CONTROL TOOLS
Financial Controls Information Controls
Performance Control Tools
Benchmarking Best Practices Approach
20.6
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
WHY IS MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IMPORTANT? (Exhibit 20.1)
Better Asset Management Increased Ability To Provide Customer Value
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Balanced Scorecard Approach
20.10
TOOLS FOR MONITORING AND MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
• Financial Controls
• provides information, not merely data – data - raw, unanalyzed facts – information - analyzed and processed data • organizes data in a meaningful way • can access the information in a reasonable amount of time
20.11
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
POPULAR FINANCIAL RATIOS (Exhibit 20.2)
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
20.12
TOOLS FOR MONITORING AND MEASURING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (continued)
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 20.2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)
• You should be able to: – Describe the balanced scorecard approach to monitoring and measuring organizational performance – Tell how benchmarking of best practices can be used for monitoring and measuring organizational performance – Discuss the manager’s role in helping organizations achieve a high level of performance
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 20.14
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
20.8
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (continued)
• Measures of Organizational Performance (contanizational Effectiveness - measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well an organization is achieving those goals Industry Rankings - numerous industry and company rankings
20.7
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (continued)
• Measures of Organizational Performance – Organizational Productivity
• productivity - overall output of goods or services produced divided by the inputs needed to generate that output • organizational productivity - a measure of how efficiently employees do their work
Why Measure Organizational Performance?
Improved Measures of Organizational Knowledge
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Impact on Organizational Reputation
Chapter 20 CONTROLLING FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 20.1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• You should be able to: – Define organizational performance – Explain why measuring organizational performance is important – Describe the different organizational performance measures – Identify financial control tools used to monitor and measure organizational performance – Explain how a management information system can be used as a tool for monitoring and measuring organizational performance
© 2003 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
20.3
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
• What is Organizational Performance?
– –
Performance - the end result of an activity Organizational performance - accumulated end results of all the organization’s work processes and activities
• Financial Controls (continued) – Traditional Financial Control Measures (continued) • budgets provide quantitative standards against which to measure and compare resource consumption – Other Financial Control Measures - increasing popularity • Economic Value Added (EVA) - economic value created with the firm’s assets less any capital investments made by the firm in its assets • Market Value Added (MVA) - stock market’s estimate of the value of the firm’s past and expected capital investment projects