英美概况第三章 Chapter 3 ppt

举下议院,举行大选
2. New words

ecclesiastical: adj. of or relating to a
church, especially as an organized
institution. 基督教的;(与)教会(有关)的

suffrage: n. The right or privilege of
3. Brief Introduction
3.1 The House of Lords Key points The House of Lords debates legislation, and has some power to amend or reject bills The house of Lords is the highest court in the United Kingdom hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts. The procedures of the Lords are more informal than those of the Commons, and their role in saving the Commons a great amount of time is widely recognized.
3. Brief Introduction
2.1 The Origin of the Monarchy
Key points Restored in 1660; Charles I’s son enthroned Formally established through Glorious Revolution in 1688; limited constitutional monarchy
2. New words

Royal Prerogative:皇家特权
Prorogue: vt. to discontinue the
meetings of (a legislative body)使(议会) 休会 — The Parliament was prorogued to the tenth of February. 国会休会到2月10日。
2. New words

backbencher: 后排议员 whip: n. a member of a legislative body,
such as the U.S. Congress or the British Parliament, charged by his or her party with enforcing party discipline and ensuring attendance.组织秘书，政党纪律 委员（英国和美国的政党中负责确保本党 党员出席政府重大辩论并投票的官员） go to the country: 解散议会重新选
7.1 The Senior Courts 7.2 Subordinate Courts 7.3 County Courts 7.4 Jury
3. Brief Introduction
1. General Introduction Key points The politics of the United Kingdom— Constitutional monarchy Monarch—State Head; Prime Minister—Government Head Executive power; legistiative power and independent judiciary Two Major Parties—the Conservative Party and the Labour Party; Westminster system—Currently widely adopted within the countries made up of the British Empire
3. Brief Introduction
3 The Parliament Key points The primary function is the making of law, the control of the public revenue and the examination of government of government policy and public administration The official head of the parliament is the Queen
3. Brief Introduction
3.1 The House of Lords Key points The House of Lords is the successor to the historical Great Council, which was an advisory body to serve the king Two kinds of lords: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal The House of Lords does not control the term of the Prime Minister or of the Government.
3. Brief Introduction
2. The Monarchy Key points British monarchy— Including United Kingdom and its overseas territories The present monarch— Elizabeth II, reigned since Feb 2, 1952
Outline:
5.
The General Election
5.1 Origin of the Monarch 5.2 Timing 5.3 Post-election
6.Βιβλιοθήκη Political Parties
6.1 Two Major Parties 6.2 Minor Parties
7.
The Judicial System
3. Brief Introduction
3.2 The House of Commons Key points The party which wins sufficient seats at a general election to command a majority of supporters in the House of Commons is asked to form the government by the Queen The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes known as the Opposition The main function of the House of Commons is law-making
CHAPTER THREE
British Politics
1. Famous Quotation
If you lead a country like Britain, a strong country, a country which has taken a lead in world affairs in good times and in bad, a country that is always reliable, then you have to have a touch of iron about you. —Margaret Thatcher
3.
The Parliament
3.1 The House of Lords 3.2 The House of Commons
4.
The British Government
4.1 The Cabinet 4.2 The Privy Council 4.3 The Prime Minister
3. Brief Introduction
3. Brief Introduction
2. The Monarchy Key points The executive authority over the government is by the monarch’s Royal prerogative The royal prerogative under laws legislated by Parliament or convention and precedent
3. Brief Introduction
2.2 Constitutional Role
Key points The Monarch is the ceremonial Head of State Prerogative powers—only exercised on the Prime Minister’s advice; The monarch must accept the decisions of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet
voting; franchise （政治性选举的）选举权, 投票权

court of first instance: 一审法院（庭）
3. Brief Introduction
Outline:
1. 2.
General Introduction The Monarchy
2.1 Origin of the Monarch 2.2 Constitutional Role
3. Brief Introduction
2.1 The Origin of the Monarchy Key points The Monarchy originates before the Norman Conquest in 1066 The continuity broken only once during the Civil War (1642-1649) from 1649-1660 when England called a commonwealth
3. Brief Introduction
3 The Parliament Key points The British Parliament is the supreme legislature of the country Consisting of three elements: the monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
3. Brief Introduction
2.2 Constitutional Role Key points


The Royal Prerogative—appoint or dismiss ministers, regulate the civil service, issue passports delcare war or make peace, direct the actions of the military and etc. The Queen seems very powerful, but in reality she is only a figure-head.
3. Brief Introduction
3.2 The House of Commons Key points Also known as the Lower House is where the real power lies 651 seats totally, distributed among the four countries: 524 for England, 38 for Wales, 72 for Scotland, and 17 for Northern Ireland Each “Member of Parliament” (MP) is chosen by a single constituency according to the First-Past-the-Post electoral system