大学英语创意阅读第三册翻译
大学英语阅读教程3中文翻译
1待走读生好点克里斯托夫·M·贝利托你也许可以列出往宿家中，每天赫家和学校之间的大学走读生所享受的种森!} l}越之处。
_但在下面的文章中，作者试图揭示事‘清的另一面，认为走读生的生活并不如人}l !}们想像中的那般轻松。
走读生过着一种矛盾的生活，他去学校是为了能体会一种自我探}l l}索的生活，而实际上与父母在一起是绝对无法保持“我独立的。
你也许认为我们这些人住在家中、每天往返学校的日子很惬意。
不用等洗衣机，牙膏用完了橱拒里有新的，更重要的是，冰箱里塞满了食物，也不用自己付款。
不仅如此，通常还有人付电话费，即使再晚，微波炉里也还热着食物。
你会嗤之以弃—那不是大学生活，那只是永远长不大的孩子。
也许表面上看起来我们像被惯坏了的孩子，但事情远没有那么简单。
住在家里的大学生过着一种矛盾的生活。
跟你们一样，我们来到大学探索自我;自我探索和有机化学一样是我们所受教育的一部分。
然而，鉴于父母监督子女的本能不会减弱，我们要保持自我独立可就不容易了。
再者，家庭的责任也在所难免。
比方说，当父母的结婚周年纪念日正好在我们期末考试的前一天，我们该怎么办?事实上，做一个无法脱离家庭约束的学生简直与努力跟一个你不喜欢的室友相处一样困难。
我们的问题很复杂。
在一定程度上，我们是这个社会的二等公民。
由于你不得不开车回家或赶最后一班车，你很难享受俱乐部、大学生联谊会和舞会的乐趣。
同样不幸的是，你意识到你不能参加仅有一次的商法复习课，因为它结束得太晚。
但这还不是问题的关健:毕竟，每个人都可以随时在朋友的宿舍里借宿。
’真正的问题在于，我们错过了那些活动，错过了由此产生的一种友好的情嗦，这种情嗦来自于一同突击恶补工业心理学的漫漫长夜，来自于谁跟谁上了床的瞎扯闲铆，来自于关于“乔治·威尔”和“亲爱的艾比”的热门话题，以及在这之后彼此对于毕业临近的真切感受的交流。
诚然，我们走读生也可以偶尔参与这些活动，但我们跟不上大学学术生活的日夜节奏。
创意阅读3翻译unit11-20
UNIT ELEVEN 世界上最大的词汇表大家好，欢迎来听这个讲座。
首先我要提出一个观点．接下来我会举例对它进行阐释说明。
我自勺观点是：英语这门语言是个贼?它从别的语言中窃取词汇，说得好听点是“借用”。
为什么英语拥有的词汇量是所有语言中最庞大的?——有70万条不同的词条．且到目前为止仍在不断增加。
这是一方面的原因。
英语几乎从各种语言中获取词汇：shampoo(洗发香波)取自印度的印地语，caucus(政党高层会议)取自北美的阿冈昆印第安语，ketchup(番茄酱)取自汉语，potato(土豆)取白海地语，sofa(沙发)取自阿拉伯语，boondocks(荒野)取自菲律宾的他加禄语。
我们可以注意到这样一个有趣的事实，除了印地语和英语一样同为印欧语系的分支，刚才我所提到的其他语言都属于截然不同的语种。
例如，汉语隶属于汉藏语系，且其本身包含很多的地区方言，普通话和广东话只不过是其中两例。
还有一点十分奇怪，尽管英语属于日耳曼语系——严格说来它和荷兰语一样是日耳曼语的方言，源于公元5世纪起对英国进行殖民统治的德国盎格鲁撒克逊人所使用的语言——但是英语极少从德语中借用词汇。
在寥寥无几的几个词中有kindergarten(幼儿园)和hinterland(腹地)。
拉丁语为英语提供了大量的词汇。
单词jaunty(愉快的)、gentle(和善的)、gentleman(绅士)和genteel(有教养的)都源于拉丁单词gentilis。
quiet(安静的)、sordid(卑鄙的)和entirety(完全)分别来自于拉丁单词quietus、sordere和integritas。
一个拉丁单词discus至少衍生出四个不同的英文单词：disk(圆盘)、disc(光碟)、dish(碟子)和desk(书桌)。
源于拉丁语的英语单词现在有一半以上的词义与它们的源词大相径庭。
从nice一词上可以看出其中的变化有多大，关于nice最早的记录是在1290年，意思是“傻的”或“愚蠢的”。
大学英语创意阅读3习题答案
Unit 1Part ASummery workPart BInterpretation1. b ) Teachers2.●Opposed Learning strategies (just before paragraph13)●Contrasting Learning styles(just before paragraph 8 )●Effective Language Learning Behaviors (just before paragraph 2 )3.Paragraph 7 and 13Developing your skillsPart APart BPart CPart Davoidant dependent participant competitive collaborative independentExtending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 2Words to note45132Understanding the text1.c) d)2.d)3.a)4.d)5.receiving full details of imported production processes ,which they use to copy and sell the products of these processes.6.buy the expensive software sold by western companies and because software countries apply international copyright laws with unfair harshness in Asia.Developing your skillsPart AText 1Text 2Part BExtending your vocabulary Part APart BUnit 3Words to note45312Understanding the text Part AFTFTTPart B1. b)2. d)3.a)4.b)Developing your skillPart Ac bde aPart BInsert the paragraph between the present paragraphs 1 and 2Part CParagraph 3 and paragraph 4 need to be reserved.Extending your vocabularyPart Adownload programme interface email ICQ virus games ExcelPart Ba)of b) dance c) spherical d) walk e)holdExpending your creativityUnit 4Words to note58 1 6 10 4 2 7 9 11 3Understanding the textPart A1.d)2. c)Part B1. c)2.d)3.c)4. d) 5 .a)Developing your skillsPart APart BA2. but people who take dietary supplements (especially those which destroy free radical molecules )may feel more energetic .A3. extending the human life span might well lend to serious effects .A4. fighting cancer, because proteins which destroy cancer cells also cause aging.A5 .healthy food, low stress and an outdoor life style are best for long lifePart C1.●Your feelings about yourself are very important ;ninety-year-old people canfeel and act like fifty year olds if they have the right attitude to life .●Somebody might say this to cheer another person up to encourage the personto feel better about himself or herself.●The speaker probably has an optimistic (and young) feeling about life.2.●Forty isn’t “old”, it’s simply a “birth” into a new stage of life.●It might be said to some one approaching his or her forties birthday.●He or she doesn’t fear to be forty, doesn’t think forty is old, and thinks of“middle age” as being the beginning of an interesting stage of life when he or she can do new things.3.●Years aren’t important ; preserving youthful idealism is more important●In a debate about the problem of aging, for example.●Youthful ideals should be kept throughout the whole life; if you keep these ideals, you can stay long in your attitude.4.●Young people anticipate the future with the pleasure; older people reminisce about their youth.●Perhaps in a situation when someone is reflecting seriously about life.●It’s a philosophical, analytical comment about attitudes.5.●Age is not important; your attitude towards your age and life in general is crucial.●In a situation to encourage somebody to be more optimistic towards life.●The speaker is almost certainly optimistic; the suggestion is that there are many ways to be old and some of them are good.6.●Be virtuous when you are young if you want respect later in life.●Perhaps in a context where an older person wants to give friendly advice to a youngster when a younger person is wondering about the course of action.●The speaker sees a direct link between actions in youth and the consequences in later life.7.●Youngsters only have opinions; their elders know the truth through experience.●Perhaps in a social setting where people from different generations are teasing each other●The speaker almost certainly belongs to the older generation and is confident of his or her own superior knowledge.8.●The only alternative is to die ---- because you can not become young again.●As a joke or a humorous comment, perhaps after someone has said something negative about being old.●He or she certainly views aging in a positive light.9.●An old person who is loved has an extra bonus because love brightens their life; old age is like the winter of a person’s life, but winter also has its beautiful or bright aspects, like flowers.●Perhaps it would be said to an older person, to remind him or her of life’s blessing.●It’s a comment reflecting both joy and sadness; it recognizes that some old people enjoy the love of family, friends, neighbors, etc. But some are alone and lonely10.●Young people see forty as “old”, but older people see fifty as “young”.●This is perhaps more likely to be written rather than spoken ------perhaps in an essay. The author seems to have some optimism about being fifty.●It is a reference to different perspectives, different attitudes of various ages to “age”.11.●People may think that being old is a misery, but having the years of experience old people help you to live your life in a better way. An alternative interpretation is that it is not simply the old age which makes old people feel miserable. It is the accumulation of their experiences which make them miserable. The second interpretation of a rather wry joke.●Perhaps either as a joke or as a serious (but pessimistic) comment of life, almost certainly made by an older person.●It could reflect a humorous, philosophical, non-serious view; or the opposite,a mournful cry.12.●Experience (“living long”) teaches us how to live well.●Again, perhaps it is more likely to be written than spoken.●Experience over many years is seen as blessings and benefits.13.●Enjoy your youth and make the most of the opportunities which come your way; then, when you are older, you don’t have any regrets that you wasted it.●An older person -----perhaps a parent ----to a younger people; the comment shows wry humor by suggesting that the main preoccupation older people in that they lament their lost youth.●He /She sees youth as priceless and not to be wasted.14.●The general, meaning is that people change as they grow older .the specific meaning of each stage depends on how people understand the metaphors of the animals (and this varies in different cultures). A likely Spanish interpretation is : at twentypeople are concerned with their appearance ,at thirty they are brave , at forty theycarry heavy burdens ,at fifty they twist and turn and can’t be trusted , at sixty they are loyal ,at seventy they are wise ,at eighty they are nothing .●As it’s rather long, it is more likely to be part of a written paper . Now it couldbe said by anybody au any stage but probably originally it was written by an olderperson.●Perhaps it reflects a cynical attitude to the way people develop .perhapsstudents might here be asked to explain what each of the different creatures at thevarious stages of life represents in Chinese or other culture.15.●The tide “ebbs” (i.e. its strength and power is lessened) and human beings getolder and become less strong. The tide returns as strong as ever and other people are young and their tide is rising.●Spoken or read in a poem.●Perhaps said by someone who, though he /she feels sad, can rationalize and seethat there is no reason to be sad.Expanding your vocabularyFurther information●The child is the father of the manChildren grow up to become adults and what happens in childhood is vitally important because adults develop on the basis of their childhood. Just as a child inherits genetics from their parents, the stage of early childhood for an individual is the social “inheritance” of each adult -----this is the basis for the development of the rest of their life (when the childbecomes “the man”). Parents have children who grow up; however, children also grow up to become parents, who have children in their turn who also become parents …●Bad is never good until worse happens.When something bad happens it is difficult to see anything good about it .But when something even worse happens, what we thought was bad before doesn’t look so bad afterall .Of course, what is “worse” may also seem not so bad when something worse still happens! Our perceptions of what are bad or good events are relative to their events.●Everything changes except change itself.Change is in everything .Only the law that everything changes does not change. On the other hand, if everything changes this should include change itself (the nature of particular changes should change or even the very nature of change itself.) If change changes then this must include no change which would be a change from changing .If change does not change, then there is something to which the law of change does not apply ----which means that not everything changes.●All rules have exceptions, including this one.A rule is general statement .It may include everything in its scope or it may have its exceptions .The problem here is that if the rule is that “all rules have exceptions ” ,then there are exceptions to the rule that “all rules have exceptions ”: does this mean that the rule isn’t a rule or that the exception isn’t an exception or that the exception to the rule that “all rules have exceptions” means that there are no exceptions ,including the exceptions to the rulethat “all rules have exceptions ”…?● A sadist is a person who is kind to a masochist.A sadist is someone who gets pleasure from hurting or being cruel to someone else. A masochist is someone who gets pleasure from being hurt. We expect the sadist to be nasty to others, including being nasty to the masochist. But the sadist knows that the masochist wants to be hurt, so being kind to the masochist (who expects to be hurt by the sadist) is a way for the sadist to get pleasure. The problem now is that the sadist is getting pleasure by not hurting someone (which means that the sadist isn’t being a sadist .)A second problem is that the masochist may be getting pleasure by anticipating being hurt (which he enjoys and looks forward to )and may therefore be getting pleasure from the kindness of the sadist (who asthe masochist knows ,wants to hurt the masochist )because he anticipates being hurt by not being hurt yet (which means that the masochist isn’t being a masochist ).●Nothing is enough for the person to whom enough is too little .Some people are greedy .They want more than others .they want more than the amount which would satisfy others (and be enough for them ). So for the greedy person “enough”(for others) is always too little (for the greedy one ). So there is never “enough ”and “nothing is enough ”for the greedy person; this means there is no “enough ”.But the problem is that it may also mean that if greedy person has “nothing”. It is “enough” (because “nothing is enough”), in which case the person is not greedy and is, in fact, satisfied with nothing (since he has “nothing” which is “enough”).●If the rich could hire other people to die for them, the poor could make awonderful living.Everybody die at some time .Rich people may wish to keep on living because they have lots of money to enjoy their life .So if the rich people could pay poor people to die forthem ,then the rich people could keep on living for longer and keep on enjoying their life. The poor would make a living (i.e., earn money to live )by dying instead of the rich .Of course ,paying one poor person to die instead of the rich person who is dying would not be enough because death is always waiting (for everybody, rich or poor),so the rich would have to keep on paying more and more poor people to die for them -----otherwise they can only postpone death for a short time .So now ,many poor people die(paid for by the rich )but the others who are still living get rich (keeping the money which their dead poor relatives received from the rich ). But these new rich people (who were poor before) will die ----unless they pay poor people to die for them. If they do so, the poor relatives of those poor ones who die for the new rich will themselves eventually become rich and will need to pay other poor people to die for them if they wish to keep on living.Unit 5Understanding the text1.d)2.●Exercise●Diet●Self-discipline●Sleep3. a 8b 2c 7d 4e 9Developing your skillPart APart B2. couple (ws: a man and a woman)3. It (pr: the unclear family)4. contrast (c: the nuclear family)5. he or she (pr: someone) Extending your vocabularyExpanding your creativity Solving a logical problemClues and sample sentences of deduction●Aspirin was developed in 1899.This must have been one of the later inventions because I think the other developments are older.●Italians developed two items, one as long ago as 700 B.C.This must have been one of the earliest developments because it was a long time ago.●Herman dresser was German but Willem Einthoven was Dutch.They can’t have developed anything ancient because Germany and Holland didn’t exist as countries back then.●The EEC was developed four years after a German developed aspirin.----The EEC was obviously developed in 1933 because aspirin was developed in 1899 and it was 4 years after that.----Herman dresser probably developed aspirin because he was German and it was developed in Germany which would also mean he did this in 1899.●Ambroise pare was a French surgeon who worked with injured soldiers in the16th century.Pare must have developed the artificial limbs because he worked with injured soldiers 500 years ago.●We don’t know the names of whoever developed the three oldest items.The three top left boxes must be empty because the names of the developers are unknown.●Artificial limbs we developed three centuries after glasses, which in turn weredeveloped three centuries after vaccinations, but we don’t know the exact dates.Glasses must have developed in the 13th century. Therefore, vaccinations must have been developed in the 10th century.●False teeth were developed by unknown Etruscans(ancient Italians)This is obviously one of the two developments and they probably did this in 700 B.C. because the Etruscans were an ancient civilization.●Vaccinations were developed by a Chinese.The Chinese developed vaccinations in the 10th century and therefore the developer isone of the three unknowns.With your partner discuss:●----Aspirin might be the most widely used because it is available in thesupermarket; it is inexpensive and is used in many common less serious medicalconditions.-----Glasses are also very widely used .however, not all of population suffers from visual problems. Vaccinations are also widely used but require a specialist to administer them. What’s more, many vaccines only need administering once in a lifetime.-----The EEC would also be widely used in western countries where technology is readily available and heart disease more prevalent but it would be mainly used with older parties.-----False limbs might be the least frequently used as their application is very specific to amputees and those with congenital deformities .These days doctors try to avoid amputation if possible and birth defects are less frequent as well .However, they are very important in those countries where there are wars , especially where there are landmines .●Perhaps vaccinations because they prevent simple disease from becomingfatal epidemic. We tend to take them for granted.●Before the age of the printing press, there were fewer historical records andliteracy was not as common. Much information about ancient civilizations still remainsa mystery.●“necessity is the mother of invention.” The developers must have been incritical need of the medical breakthroughs. Endurance, determination, resistance to criticism and the belief in oneself are essential to discover or invent something new.Unit 6Understanding the text1. c)2. Paragraph 113. c)4. b)Developing your skillsPart A1.background2.data-gathering procedure3.the changing concept of health4.factors affecting health5.recommendations to improve young people’s healthPart BPart Cbelieve that weight-control products are safe. About 25% of respondents works out regularly but never work out. About 21% of respondents take vitamin supplement, while 15% smoke regularly or occasionally.Extending your vocabularyPart APart BExtending your creativity●Much corn, much care.If you have a lot of money, your problem often increase instead of decrease.●The best doctors are Dr. Diet, Dr Quiet and Dr Merryman.You will be happier if you have nutritious food, peace and quiet and happiness (or fun).●If you want to be happy~~~Honesty in life brings lifelong, not just temporary, happiness.Some related sayings are:●Money can’t buy happiness.●Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.●If mama ain’t happy, ain’t no body happy.●The first step to health is to know that we are sick.●No sleep, no health.● A sound mind in a sound body.●Out of sight out of mind.●All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.●An apple a day keeps the doctor away.● A sound mind in a healthy body.Unit 7Understanding the text1.Voice inflection, gestures and eye contact.2.●Putting special words in brackets followed by an exclamation mark●Capitalizing all letters of words communicating feelings3. Because in speech most meaning is communicated through body language and voice tone., but these features are not present in emails.4. Because most people prefer to keep their email addresses private.5. Because readers may form a poor impression of you if your emails are poorly organized and lacking accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation.6.↓↓↓Developing your skillsPart A1.To give warnings and advice on how to write effective emails with appropriatestyle and tone.2.The intended audience is probably university students—most of the examples given in the text are drawn from university life.3.a) Incorrect: Only paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 deal with this.b) Incorrect: There are not enough general operating instructions.c) Correct: Each paragraph contains Dos and Don’ts.Part B(2) (3) (1) (4) (6) (5)Extending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 8Understanding the text1. c)2. b)3. a)4. Very few people put enough of their money into investments and so do not get rich. Consequently, they remain dangerously dependent on earning a salary.Developing your skills Part AExtending your vocabularyUnit 9Understanding the text Part A1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T6. F7. T8. F9. F10. TPart B1.d)2.c)3.Because the companies insist that farmers buy all their seeds from the company ensure that a crop is 100% GM, poor farmers have to pay high prices for their seeds and in cases of failure, they will have no crops and no money.Developing your skillsPart A↓↓↓Part BExtending your vocabularyPart APart B1.take2.develop3.createe5.doing6.makeUnit 10Understanding the text1.2.the introduction of the Euro has not led to an increasein prices.3.4.The introduction of the European Convention on Human Rights has already had an impact on British laws and there is now a European arrest warrant which can be used in all member countries.Developing your skillsPart A1.b)●The author uses positive emotive languageand images when describing the launchof the Euro: impressive, optimistic, happy, a great success, gone smoothly, softy falling snow.●The author highlights how quickly Europeansembraced the new currency. (paragraph 2)●The author is slightly critical towards those whothreaten the currency (criminals and the UK)●The author uses negative emotive language to describethe UK’s resistance to the euro, e.g. dampening, refuses, stubborn, illogical.●The author uses more of the text to explain theadvantages and potential as opposed to highlight problems the Euro may present.2.The author is critical and makes unfavorable comparisons between the environmental awareness of Europe and that of America and the UK.●European countries tend also to be moreenvironmentally aware than either Great Britain or the United States.●European politicians want to introduce an energy ta x…to find alternatives to coal and oil Europeans want a tax which favors renewable energy sources and reduces the use of fossil fuels.●It may be the case that mainland Europe will find itselfarguing with America and the UK on major issues in the future: the formerpromoting progressive, people-friendly policies, while the latter attempt to retainexisting means of production and social systems.Part B↓↓↓Extending your vocabularyPart APart B1.b)2.b)3.a)4.a)5.b)Unit 11Understanding the textPart APart B1.there are at least eight ways of expressing negation using prefixes..2.two different word forms may mean the same thing,e.g. flammable and inflammable.3.for priceless.4.four uses of the suffix-dous.5.form verbs from adjectives.Developing your skillsPart A【】↓【German 】↙↘【Dutch 】【】【Sino-Tibetan Family 】↓【】↙↘【Putonghua】【】Part Cluxurious elegant pleasantExtending your vocabularyPart Aexpensive effective exhaustible elegant efficient Part BExpanding your creativityUnit 12Understanding the textsPart Ac)Part BText 1Text 2Text 3Developing your skills Part APart BPart CExtending your vocabulary Part APart BUnit 13Understanding the texts Part BDeveloping your skills Part APart BExtending your vocabularyUnit 14Before you readPart APart BUnderstanding the text1. c)2. a)3. a)4. b)5. b) they encourage memorisation rather than understandingc)they offer a truer reflection of candidate’s ability than continuous assessment.↓they encourage selective coverage of the syllabus.6.They also provide a standardised method for assessing learning. While it has been argued that examinations encourage memorisation rather than understanding on the part of students and selective conerage of the syllabus by teachers, they do offer a more accurate idea of a person’s ability than continuous assessment by coursework.Developing your skillsExtending your vocabulary1. ( ) ( ) ( b ) ( a ) ( b )( a ) ( b ) ( b ) ( a ) ( b )2.suggest report argue claimstate point out indicate Expanding your creativityUnit 15Understanding the textPart APart B1. a new computer operating system called Linus.2.because he allows anyone to use the system free.3.Linus Pauling, the famous American chemist and double Nobel Prize winner.4.he could not afford a personal version of the popular Unix system.5.the ideas become worthless.Developing your skillsPart APart B1.b)2. a)3.b)4. a)5.a)Extending your vocabularyPart APart Binstalling systems hardware software compatible computers programmes simulations modelspart Cemotion: guilt doubtvirtue: honesty opennessUnit 16Before you readPart AUnderstanding the text1.c)2.a) before paragraph 1b) before paragraph 2c) before paragraph 10d) before paragraph 133. b)＝The Pentathlon combined the five events of jumping, running, javelin, discus and wrestling .c)＝The main qualities for success in the Pentathlon were speed,strength,skills and endurance.d)＝Ancient champions received rewards such as living free in a special hall and exemption from paying taxes for an Olympiad.e)＝Although the first modern Games were open to all, the majority of athletes were Greek.Extending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 17Understanding the text2.b)3.d)4.Developing your skillsExtending your vocabularyPart APart Bstroll walkrun jog stumblestagger hobble Part CExpanding your creativityUnit 18 Understanding the text Part APart BDeveloping your skillsPart APart BExtending your vocabularyExpanding your creativity●It is better to fail in something that you are doing than to give up and spoil all your changes of ever finding out the answer or the truth to something.●It is thought by some that advancement is not always good because with progress advancement we will meet with even more problems that we have never thought of before.●This means that there is nothing wrong with the actual process is trying to achieve something, but we must know when to stop and assimilate what we have achieved.●When we look at all the high technology that is possible now, it feels like it isunreal and impossible to be true in the first place.●This means that the study of science is looking at things that do not work or are not of any use.●This means that the machine is not really our friend because it will stifle our desire to create and achieve greater heihgts.●It means that if we do not use whatever knowledge we have then it will be useless and go out of date very soon.Unit 19Before you readUnderstanding the textPart A1.c)2. d)3. b)4. c)5. b)6. a)Part BPart C1.audience and feedback.2.feedback either does not occur or is delayed for a long time.3.writers need to make sure that their writing is clear and understandable.4.it is a form of writing but has the informality of speech.5.we can’t argue that one is superior to the other.Developing your skillsPart Abefore individual instruction developed literate tangible transmitted vague facilitatespart Binterpret the global distribution of Coca Cola as evidence of the world economic dominacne of the United States of America. The historian’s approach, however, would be clearer and involve researching and writing about the development of the company which manufactrues the drink.Extending your vocabularyPart APart BUnit 20Understanding the textPart A1.a)2.c)3.d)Part BDeveloping your skills Part APart BPart C。
大学英语第三册UNIT5全文翻译对照（精选五篇）
大学英语第三册UNIT5全文翻译对照（精选五篇）第一篇：大学英语第三册UNIT5全文翻译对照Writing Three Thank-You Letters Alex HaleyIt was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U. S. coastguardsman. My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days. Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific. 写三封感谢信亚利克斯·黑利那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。
我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。
多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装或风干的食品。
其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在垫过的架子上。
我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。
I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人一样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。
大学英语创意阅读3翻译
ONE 好的语言学习者要成为一名好的语言学习者需要多方面的因素。
这里说的“好的”并非指品行端正或彬彬有礼。
而是指“效率高”和“有效果”。
长期以来．语言学习方面自勺专家都认为教授语言的教师可以通过观察和分析好的语言学习者如何学习而得到许多收获。
教师们则认为如果他们能够将使一位好的语言学习者学习效率高的行为表现归纳出来，那么他们就能够将其告知那些不太成功的语言学习者?从而改进他们的学习。
那么。
好的语言学习者和一般的或者比较差的语言学习者在行为表现上有什么不同呢?顺便说一下。
你也许会觉得我们将要进行的讨论不仅可以用来区分好的和差的语言学习者。
而且也可以用来区分其他任何专业或技能的好学生与差学生。
首先，最值得注意的一个重要表现是好的语言学习者都具有创新精神，他们爱拿语言做实验。
他们的态度似乎是“我要试一试，看这种方法是否奏效，如果不行——也没关系——我总是可以重新试一试的”。
好的语言学习者试着把他们在课堂上学到的语言“碎片”(结构和一些词汇)融合在一起。
好的语言学习者对他们所学的语言和他们自己都显示出一种开放而且宽容的态度。
这样的学习者也乐于冒险。
如果要求他们在同学们面前讲新学的语言，他们会尽最大的努力去控制紧张情绪。
如果老师用了生词和新句型。
他们就会试着将以前所学的语言和这些新的内容联系起来。
换句话说，好的语言学习者能够在不太确定的条件下学习。
另一点和好的语言学习者的创造性和冒险精神息息相关的是他们能够意识到哪种具体的学习方法和技巧对自己行之有效。
例如，一些学习者喜欢用押韵和词语联想等技巧来记住所学内容，而另一些人则使用词汇笔记或写日记的办法．这些并不是老师要求他们做的，而是他们自己发现这些是行之有效的学习方法。
许多学习者讨厌犯错误。
他们觉得难堪，而且经常认为他们永远也学不会正确地使用这门语言。
好的语言学习者则不同。
他们不会因为犯错误而沮丧，相反地，他们会利用错误。
在学语言，甚至任何技术的过程中，犯错是很自然的，好的学习者将犯错视为学习过程中一个建设性的部分。
完整word版全新版大学英语第三册快速阅读翻译
Unit 1textA-1Why I Love the City因为他们想要远离城市的喧嚣、烟,我的许多朋友都离开了这座城市。
它们是在郊区买房子那里的空气,雾、交通、和犯罪的城市。
一个朋友说,“有太多的空气污染的城市。
我更喜欢郊区交通堵塞,“有太多的汽车市区!你不能找到一个停车的地方是那么清新。
“另一个朋友抱怨交通:的幻影却”:“城市有许多罪犯。
我很少离开我的房子的情况都很可怕。
“每个人都在抱怨关于犯罪如太危险了。
然而在烤肉等等。
绿草、花卉、游泳池、他们通常会背诵优势郊区生活在我朋友搬离城市,:这因为他们期待。
,他们意识到郊区生活就不那么愉快,我的朋友们在那里住了一年左右的时间里郊区生活。
,一个不可避免的一部分yardwork!种变化的原因是什么?他们的花园他们很快了解到又要取他们的水池游泳甚至做一些,它们是非常累的一把,他们整个周末都在工作在他们的花园他们不能住在郊区没有一辆车。
我的大多数朋友都搬到郊肉放在他们的烤肉。
又有另一个投诉: ,但现在他们不得不上班市中心。
他们坐在一个繁忙的公路每天两个小时避开塞车区,,嗯,首先我的意见是非常不同的城市生活,从我朋友的我住在市区吗?和我爱它! ! !为什么?我可以步行通我有一切优势自然:我喜欢nature-flowers、绿草、树木和动物。
在这个城市里,动物园里的动物。
然而到目前为止我还坐在草地上在树下。
我可以参观,过公共公园,闻闻花香,?到处都可以让我乘公共汽车吗:我不需要做yardwork或喂动物。
同时,在这个城市,没有一个缺点我可以走回去。
如果有交通堵塞,所以我觉得,似乎每个人都搬到郊区,避免罪恶的大城市。
我有一个理论的城市犯罪的,然而罪犯罪犯将步其后尘。
安全的市中心。
罪犯将反映在社会生活的变化:如果人们买了房子在郊区,!,想避免噪音、烟雾、污染了。
不久而不是城市郊区过于拥挤和犯罪的问题,testA-2People on the Move他们移到东海岸的殖民地到开放空间的历史运动的美国人民。
创意阅读 第三册 翻译及答案
UNIT ONE 好的语言学习者要成为一名好的语言学习者需要多方面的因素。
这里说的“好的”并非指品行端正或彬彬有礼。
而是指“效率高”和“有效果”。
长期以来．语言学习方面自勺专家都认为教授语言的教师可以通过观察和分析好的语言学习者如何学习而得到许多收获。
教师们则认为如果他们能够将使一位好的语言学习者学习效率高的行为表现归纳出来，那么他们就能够将其告知那些不太成功的语言学习者?从而改进他们的学习。
那么。
好的语言学习者和一般的或者比较差的语言学习者在行为表现上有什么不同呢?顺便说一下。
你也许会觉得我们将要进行的讨论不仅可以用来区分好的和差的语言学习者。
而且也可以用来区分其他任何专业或技能的好学生与差学生。
首先，最值得注意的一个重要表现是好的语言学习者都具有创新精神，他们爱拿语言做实验。
他们的态度似乎是“我要试一试，看这种方法是否奏效，如果不行——也没关系——我总是可以重新试一试的”。
好的语言学习者试着把他们在课堂上学到的语言“碎片”(结构和一些词汇)融合在一起。
好的语言学习者对他们所学的语言和他们自己都显示出一种开放而且宽容的态度。
这样的学习者也乐于冒险。
如果要求他们在同学们面前讲新学的语言，他们会尽最大的努力去控制紧张情绪。
如果老师用了生词和新句型。
他们就会试着将以前所学的语言和这些新的内容联系起来。
换句话说，好的语言学习者能够在不太确定的条件下学习。
另一点和好的语言学习者的创造性和冒险精神息息相关的是他们能够意识到哪种具体的学习方法和技巧对自己行之有效。
例如，一些学习者喜欢用押韵和词语联想等技巧来记住所学内容，而另一些人则使用词汇笔记或写日记的办法．这些并不是老师要求他们做的，而是他们自己发现这些是行之有效的学习方法。
许多学习者讨厌犯错误。
他们觉得难堪，而且经常认为他们永远也学不会正确地使用这门语言。
好的语言学习者则不同。
他们不会因为犯错误而沮丧，相反地，他们会利用错误。
在学语言，甚至任何技术的过程中，犯错是很自然的，好的学习者将犯错视为学习过程中一个建设性的部分。
大学英语精读第三版第三册Book3Unit1~Unit10翻译答案
大学英语精读第三版第三册Book3Unit1~Unit10翻译答案Unit1 翻译1) 发言人（spokesman）明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消（cancel）这次旅行。
The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances.2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。
Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary.3) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicions）是对的。
(confirm)The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。
I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays.5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。
To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official.6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。
A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.7) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。
新课标大学英语阅读教程3 unit5到8翻译
Unit 5 My Journey to the Top1 女人对权力和成为领导人所必须具备的品质仍旧心存芥蒂。
人们内心有一种恐惧，认为如果我们真的很强大，那我们就会被视作冷酷无情，急于求成或是咄咄逼人——所有这些词语矛头都直指我们女性。
我们仍在努力克服权利与女人味互相排斥的恐惧。
2 就我本人而言，我认为这种担心可能给我带来的麻烦较小，因为我非常幸运，我初次尝到做领导者滋味的时候，是个懵懂无知的局外人。
那是读大学期间，我当上了剑桥大学俱乐部辩论社团的会长。
我在希腊长大，从没听说过什么剑桥大学俱乐部，牛津大学俱乐部，更不了解它们在英国文化中的地位。
所以我没有被种种令人不知所措的观念拖累，这些观念也许会阻止英国姑娘考虑担任此职。
3 同样的情况发生在我的第一本书《温柔女人》出版的时候。
那时我23岁，这本书的出版商蓝登书屋让我从伦敦飞到纽约，然后把我的日程安排交给我。
我接受的第一个采访是在著名主持人巴巴拉·沃特斯女士的《今日美国》栏目。
我当时并不紧张，因为我根本不知道她有多大名气，也从没听说过《今日美国》这个栏目。
如果我上的是我的家人和同学都能看到的雅典当地的电视节目，我会紧张得多。
4 就这样，我在家乡以外的地方开始了自己的事业，这是一件庆幸之事。
不过，麻烦也有，我的口音招来嘲弄，我被贬低为说话古怪好笑的人。
但这也让我明白，克服他人的评价比克服我们对自己的评价、克服我们内心的恐惧要容易一些。
5 从某种角度来看，我似乎做过不少行当，不过其核心一直是思想交流，不管是以前通过我的著作、专栏还是现在通过《哈芬顿邮报》这家网络报纸。
我个人事业发展的很大部分来自于我顺应了这个时代的特点，顺应了世界的变化。
所以当我刚爱上网络时，我意识到了它的力量。
它让原本也许被封锁在外面的人都有可能参与全国范围的谈话。
很多次，当我邀请女性朋友为《哈芬顿邮报》写博客时，她们不敢相信自己的观点很有价值，即使是知名的女作家也不例外，这让我感触很深。
大学英语阅读教程3翻译
2.The American Man我们不厌其烦地谈论“美国男人”，似乎他们身上存在着某种几十年或者十年恒常不变的品质。
当今的美国男人不再是1630 年来到新英格兰的快乐的农民了。
他们不再是老脑筋，他们不再以内向的性格为荣，他们不会坐在没有取暖设备的教堂里连做三遍祷告。
在南方，富裕的受母亲制约的种植园主也发展壮大了，但这两种“美国男人”都不像之后东北部发达起来的贪婪的铁路承包商。
而不计后果、为所欲为的西部文明移民也不像他们。
即使在我们自己的年代，公认的模范也发生了戏剧性的变化。
举个例子说，在20 世纪50 年代，这样一种美国人越来越凸显出来，成为大多数人认可的模范。
这就是50 年代的男人。
上班起早贪黑，干活尽职尽责，养家糊口，遵规守纪。
里根就是这类人的典型——固执而坚忍不拔。
这类人弄不懂女人的心，却颇为赏识女人的身体；他们的文化观和文化观的美国部分幼稚而乐观。
他们大都有坚忍不拔、信心十足的品质，但在他们魅力十足、虚张声势的外表下，还有另外的三个特征：孤立、清贫、被动。
他们需要通过自己的敌人来证明自己还活着。
50 年代的男人喜欢橄榄球，好斗，他们维护美国，从不流泪，只是默默奉献。
但在这些男人的身上，善于接纳和对人友善的品质消失了。
他们的个性缺乏洋溢感。
他们还缺乏同情心，正是这点怂恿了他们对越战的狂热；就像后来的里根，他的头脑中缺乏那种我们称之为“和平之心”的东西，这使得他对萨尔瓦多那些手无寸铁的人，对这里的老人、失业者、上学的孩子，乃至对穷人都铁石心肠、残暴野蛮。
50 年代的男人清楚地知道男人该是什么样，男人的职责是什么，但他们自身孤立和片面的观念弄得他们危机四伏。
到了60 年代，又出现了另外一类男人。
越战的荒废和暴虐让他们质疑，自已是否真的知道一个成年男人是什么样子?如果成年等于越战，他们对成年还有一丝一毫的向往吗?同时，女权运动激励男人们开始真切地审视女人，迫使他们开始理解50 年代男人苦苦逃避的担忧和苦楚。
大学英语创意阅读 第三册 ((英)格林 著) 上海外语教育出版社 全文翻译
UNIT ONE 好的语言学习者要成为一名好的语言学习者需要多方面的因素。
这里说的“好的”并非指品行端正或彬彬有礼。
而是指“效率高”和“有效果”。
长期以来．语言学习方面自勺专家都认为教授语言的教师可以通过观察和分析好的语言学习者如何学习而得到许多收获。
教师们则认为如果他们能够将使一位好的语言学习者学习效率高的行为表现归纳出来，那么他们就能够将其告知那些不太成功的语言学习者?从而改进他们的学习。
那么。
好的语言学习者和一般的或者比较差的语言学习者在行为表现上有什么不同呢?顺便说一下。
你也许会觉得我们将要进行的讨论不仅可以用来区分好的和差的语言学习者。
而且也可以用来区分其他任何专业或技能的好学生与差学生。
首先，最值得注意的一个重要表现是好的语言学习者都具有创新精神，他们爱拿语言做实验。
他们的态度似乎是“我要试一试，看这种方法是否奏效，如果不行——也没关系——我总是可以重新试一试的”。
好的语言学习者试着把他们在课堂上学到的语言“碎片”(结构和一些词汇)融合在一起。
好的语言学习者对他们所学的语言和他们自己都显示出一种开放而且宽容的态度。
这样的学习者也乐于冒险。
如果要求他们在同学们面前讲新学的语言，他们会尽最大的努力去控制紧张情绪。
如果老师用了生词和新句型。
他们就会试着将以前所学的语言和这些新的内容联系起来。
换句话说，好的语言学习者能够在不太确定的条件下学习。
另一点和好的语言学习者的创造性和冒险精神息息相关的是他们能够意识到哪种具体的学习方法和技巧对自己行之有效。
例如，一些学习者喜欢用押韵和词语联想等技巧来记住所学内容，而另一些人则使用词汇笔记或写日记的办法．这些并不是老师要求他们做的，而是他们自己发现这些是行之有效的学习方法。
许多学习者讨厌犯错误。
他们觉得难堪，而且经常认为他们永远也学不会正确地使用这门语言。
好的语言学习者则不同。
他们不会因为犯错误而沮丧，相反地，他们会利用错误。
在学语言，甚至任何技术的过程中，犯错是很自然的，好的学习者将犯错视为学习过程中一个建设性的部分。
创意阅读第三册单词与词汇
UNIT ONE: How to be a successful language learnerWords to noteColumn A Column Bgeniuses People who are much more skillful or intelligent than others infer To form an opinion or get knowledge about something basedon information you already have.rhymes Words that end with the same sound as another word techniques Methods of doing something using a special skill you havedevelopedtolerant Willing to accept other people‟s beliefs and ways of lifewithout criticizing them even if you disagree with them word associations Relating words to other things in order to remember themmore effectivelyWords to note in context1.All parents hope their children grow up to be geniuses, but, of course, this cannotpossibly happen in the vast majority of cases.2.“Can I infer from your silence that you do not agree with my suggestion?”3.The new primary school teacher often used rhymes in class to help the childrenremember new words.4.Surgical equipment and techniques have both greatly improved over the lastdecade or so.5.I believe we all need to become more tolerant of each other if we are to livetogether happily and productively.6. A very effective method of remembering new vocabulary is by making wordassociations with other, more familiar words.UNIT TWO: Intellectual propertyWords to noteColumn A Column Bdetrimental Harmful or damagingenshrined 庄严宣告To officially record something such as an idea orprinciple in a document so that it cannot be ignoredimperialism 帝国主义The action of a powerful country that tries to takecontrol of other countries, often using military force ploughed … into … 投Invested a lot of money in something in order toimprove it or make it successfulself-righteous 自以为是Showing that you are too proud of your own moralbehaviour or beliefs, especially in a way that annoysother peopleWords to note in context:1.Smoking is detrimental to health. You should know that if you smoke you maydamage your health.2.Respect for a monarch used to be enshrined in many societies but today suchrespect is rare –it is certainly not as deeply rooted in most people‟s thinking as it used to be.3.Just a few decades ago, imperialism had the effect of spreading European valuesand customs across much of the World. Now, in post-imperial times, many people resist this way of spreading ideas.4.The company ploughed millions of dollars into its marketing campaign. Thisinvestment paid off, though, because the products were very successful.5.His self-righteous attitudes make everyone dislike him; he seems to think he issuperior to everybody else.UNIT THREE: Using information found on the Web Words to noteColumn A Column Bbias An attitude which makes a person treat someone in a way that is unfair ordifferent from the way he/she would treat other peoplecomprehensible Able to be understooddiscrimination Unfair treatment of someone because of their religion, race, gender or otherpersonal featuresreview To study or examine a situation, idea or document in order to decide if it issatisfactory for its intended purposestrict Describes someone who has definite rules that they expect people to obeycompletelyWords to note in context:1.The referee showed obvious bias in the way he awarded the home team three penalties. As areferee he is supposed to be impartial.2.He usually works so carelessly that his ideas are not really comprehensible.3.Do you think age discrimination is as widespread as discrimination according to sex or race is?4.We need a very thorough review of our budget before we can make a sound business decision. Wemust check it first.5.Our supervisor is very strict about punctuality; no one ever comes late to his meetings.UNIT FOUR: Long life (Part 1)Words to noteColumn A Column BAccumulating Getting more and more of something over a period oftimeAssigned 分配Given a job or function to performCocktail 混合物 A combination of substancesContracting 缩小Becoming infected with a diseaseControversial Describes something that people disagree about orargue overDietary supplements Extra nutrients often in the form of pills Formidable 可怕Very impressive in size, power and skill andtherefore deserving of respectMiracle奇迹Something with powers and effects that are hard toexplainMop up To remove something remaining, especiallysomething potentially harmful or dangerous Overhaul 大检查 A thorough repair to a machineParadox 似是而非 A person, thing or situation that is strange becausethey have features or qualities that do not normallyexist togetherWords to note in context:1.We're accumulating far too much rubbish in this room; we must clear it out.2.She has been assigned major new responsibilities.3.The scientists administered a cocktail of drugs to the animals in their experiment.4.The animals' internal organs stopped contracting when their diet was changed.5.That doctor's new methods of treatment are very controversial; several of hispatients are worried.6.He was advised to take regular dietary supplements following his illness.7.China's gymnasts put on a formidable display during the recent Games.8.It's a miracle that no-one was killed in the horrific crash.9.Specially trained crews had to mop up after the chemicals were spilled in theaccident.10.My car's really old - it needs a thorough overhaul.11.Mr Jones presents a real paradox; he says he dislikes young people very much,but the students say that he is a wonderful teacher.UNIT FIVE:STAYING ALIFEColumn A Column Bbriskly 迅速Moving or acting quicklydeteriorating 败坏Becoming worsecrucial Extremely importantdilates 舒张To become bigger and widereagerness Extreme enthusiasmimmaterial 不重要Unimportantinducing To cause something, especially a mental or physicalchangemyth An ancient traditional storypassionate 多情Showing or expressing powerful emotions or beliefs vibrant 响亮Lively and excitingWords to note in context:1. Hurry up! You need to walk more briskly if you want to catch yourbus!2. Her eyesight began deteriorating at the age of 60 and she was blind at 70.3. Drinking six to eight glasses of water per day is crucial to good health.4. When your eyes are exposed to darkness, your pupils dilate to a much larger size so you can still see something.5. A job interview applicant must demonstrate eagerness to work forthe organisation.6. It seemed to be immaterial whether or not the apartment was ingood condition when the tenant moved out - the landlord just wantedto keep the bond money anyway.7. Drinking warm milk before going to bed is quite sleep-inducing.8. The story of Mid-Autumn festival is a famous Chinese myth.9. The violinist was very passionate and the audience enjoyed theenergy with which he played the violin.10. It is difficult to believe he is over 70 years old, he is so vibrant andfull of life!UNIT SIX: Youth, beauty and healthWords to noteColumn A Column Baffluence 富裕 A state of being rich enough to buy things for pleasure alarming Frightening or worryingdeficit 赤字The amount by which something is less than you needor should haveEndurance 忍耐力The ability to continue doing something difficult orunpleasant for a long timeideal An idea about what is good or right that you try tofollow in your life and behaviournutrition The science of food and its effect on health andgrowthPerceive 理解To understand or think about something in aparticular wayRespondents 受访者People who answer questions, especially on aquestionnairework out To exercise in an organised wayWords to note in context:1.The affluence of young working people allows them to spend moneyfreely.2.Obesity is an alarming development in recent years - too many peopleare very fat.3.The company budget deficit caused serious problems - the bankimposed severe restrictions on spending.4.Training for the Olympic Games requires high levels of effort andendurance.5.We had an ideal holiday - the weather was perfect and the hotelsuperb; it was all absolutely wonderful.6.Experts in the field of nutrition are worried about some of theslimming products sold to young people.7.He is a liar, but it is not always easy to perceive that he is lying.8.Many of the respondents admitted that they were confused by thisquestion on the questionnaire.9.Busy people have to make special efforts to find time to work out inthe gym.UNIT SEVEN: NetiquetteWords to noteColumn A Column Bcool off To become calm againFurious 狂怒Extremely angrygestures Movements that communicate a feeling orinstructionhastily 匆忙Done quickly, often too quicklyinflection 转调The way the sound of your voice goes up anddown as you speakintimate 亲密Relating to very private or personal things misinterpreting 曲解Understanding or explaining something wrongly recipient 接受者Someone who receives somethingtone the general attitude shown by a piece of writing Words to note in context:1.The boss made him so angry, he had to take a lunch break to cool off.He was much calmer later.2.His father was furious when he borrowed the car without asking andthen crashed it. It was enough to make anyone angry.3.The swimmer was making a lot of arm gestures, signalling to otherpeople that he might be drowning.4.He did the job hastily, didn‟t take time to check it and made too manymistakes as a result.5.Native English speakers often use a downward voice inflection to enda sentence.6.The British Royal Family are always trying to keep intimate details oftheir private lives away from the tabloids and TV reporters.7.Re-reading a document carefully may save you from misinterpretingits meaning.8.There are 20recipients to whom I regularly email silly jokes andpictures. Often I receive messages back from them, too.9.My mother had a worried tone of voice when I rang her and told her Iwas in hospital.UNIT EIGHT: Making moneyWords to noteColumn A Column Bentrepreneurial企业精神concerning starting or organising businessesexcessive 过分much more than is reasonable or necessaryfrugal 节约spending very little money and only on things which arenecessaryGlamorous迷人attractive and interesting in an exciting wayhouseholds the people living in houses or flats as single unitsInstallments 分期付款the payments that an amount due is divided into so that the whole amount need not be paid at one timespecies typeWords to note in context:1.Bill Gates was so entreprenueurial, he started Microsoft before hehad even finished college.2.Imelda Marcos was quite excessive as she had over 3000 pairs ofshoes!3.My father was so frugal he would wait until he had holes in his shoesbefore buying new ones.4.If you want to be a popstar, you need to be glamorous (exciting andbeautiful) as well as be able to sing.5.In China, many family households have a TV and a computer.6.I borrowed $20000 from the bank to buy a car and paid it back inmonthly installments of $1000 over the next 2 years.7.A Redback spider is a dangerous species, whereas a Huntsman spideris not.Words to note(unit9)Column A Column Ballergies Negative reactions to foods and chemicals, includingcoughing, sneezing, and breathing problems consultation Discussion between people or groups before they goahead and make a decisionexcessive Much more of something than is reasonable or necessary fertiliser 肥料 A natural or chemical substance added to the soil to helpplants growInfrastructure 基础设施The set of systems within a place or organisation; forexample, the telecommunications and transportationsystems in a countryimplanted 植入Put something inside something elsenotably 明显的especiallypotentially Possibly true in the future but not true nowreactions Bad effects on your body caused by food, medicine oranother substancerelieve 缓解To make a problem or bad situation less serious resistance 抵抗The ability not to be affected or harmed by something stable Not changing frequently and not likely to get worsequicklyWords to note in context: (unit9)1.Many people suffer illnesses because of allergies to dust, pollen from plants, cigarettesmoke and air pollution.2.In some countries, a doctor‟s consultation is free for citizens because the nationalhealth system pays for it.3.Smoking more than a packet of cigarettes a day is generally considered excessive.4. It is often necessary to use fertilizer for farms because the quality of the soil is poor.5. Since it has become independent, the country is struggling to rebuild itsinfrastructure including roads, schools, electricity and water supply.3. A hearing device was implanted in the deaf child‟s ear and partial hearing wasrestored.7.Some celebrities are heavily involved in charity work, most notably people suchas Michael Jackson. who gives a lot of money to children‟s organisations.8.The technology for genetically modified foods could potentially eliminate hungerworld-wide but it hasn‟t done so yet.9.There are mixed reactions to products containing the …gene bean‟ - someconsumers don‟t mind whilst others refuse to buy them on principle.10.The drug aspirin is designed to relieve minor aches and pains.11.There is currently a lot of resistance from the public to genetically modifiedfoods because many consumers believe not enough is known about their safety.12.Parents have a responsibility to provide a stable home environment for theirchildren. If there is too much change or instability this may affect the childrennegatively.Words to note(unit 10)Column A Column Bdeprive 夺去to take something away from somebody or to prevent(them) from having itexploit 开发to obtain benefit from (a situation), even if it is wrongor unfair to do thisfakes copies (of something) that are intended to trick people launch 发动the starting of a major event or activitymonetary relating to a country‟s money and to the systems acountry uses for controlling its money supply pragmatic 实用主义concerning or emphasizing practical results rather thantheories or ideasprogressive 先进的supporting social and political change aimed atmaking a system fairerstubborn not willing to change one‟s ideas or consider anyoneelse‟s reasons or argumentssubsidies 补贴sums of money that a government or otherorganisation pays to reduce the cost of a particularservice or productWords to note in context: (unit 10)1.One way to punish a naughty child is to deprive them of something they lovesuch as ice-cream.2.Some businesses exploit illegal immigrants by making them work long hours andpaying them very low wages; the employers wouldn‟t do that with opther people. 3.Some small businesses won‟t accept $1000 bills because many of them are fakes.Other businesses check all banknotes to make sure that they are real.4.Bill Gates gave free seminars world-wide to launch his Windows 95 software.This was an impressive way for the public to remember the new software.5.Now that the Euro has been introduced, the former European currencies haveceased to have any monetary value; they are souvenirs but they can‟t be used to buy anything.6.Introducing the Euro was a pragmatic decision to reduce the costs of tradingwithin Europe; it was not a decision taken according to idealistic reasons.7.Caring about the environment is considered progressive behaviour; not caring forit is now considered conservative or reactionary.8.Many believe that she is being stubborn; she needs help and we have offered hera lot of advice but she sticks to her own ideas.9.Farmers are sometimes given government subsidies to produce food more cheaply.People in other industries think this is unfair because they don‟t receive the same kind of government assistance.Words to note (unit 11)Column A Column B1. Absurdity 荒谬the unreasonableness or stupidity of something2. Centrifugal 离心的moving around a central point and also moving away from the center3. Centripetal 向心moving towards the center when also moving around that centre4. Decadent involving pleasure that is considered immoral5. defunct not existing or working any more6. dwindle to become gradually less or smaller over time7. frugal spending very little money8. genteel typical of polite people, especially those belonging to a highsocial class9. hinterland an area that is a long way from a town or city10. jaunty appearing to be happy and carefree11. manipulate to control or change something in a clever way12. sordid immoral, dishonest and unpleasant13. thriving very successful, happy or healthy14. versatile able to be used in many different waysWords to note in context: (unit 11)1.Fighting for peace seems to be plain absurdity –it is a contradiction to do so.2. A washing machine uses centrifugal force to spin the water out of the clothes.3.Centripetal force pulls a rotating object in towards the centre.4.The rock star enjoyed a decadent lifestyle of sex, drugs and parties day and night.5.When computers took over in the workplace, the typewriter became somewhatdefunct .6.Towards closing time in the clubs and bars, the crowds start to dwindle as peoplestart to go home.7.My father was so frugal he never carried a wallet to avoid spending money!8.Genteel is a nicer word to describe someone who is classy, stylish and elegant.9.The coastal areas of Australia are very green and fertile but the hinterland ismostly desert.10.After discovering he had won some money, he walked home in a jaunty manner,a smile on his face and a spring in his step.11.One way to manipulate someone who loves you, is to cry when they don‟t dowhat you want.12.The little boy had a sordid interest in lighting fires and hurting cats.13.The computer industry is still thriving in most parts of the world.14.Plastic is so versatile it is used to make thousands of different products. Words to note(unit 12)Column A Column B1. dizziness A condition in which you feel as if you or the things aroundyou are spinning2. emit To send something out into the air, especially gas, light orheat3. inhalation The process of breathing air, smoke or other substancesinto your lungs4. morale The amount of enthusiasm a person or group of people feelabout their situation at a particular time5. mould A green, blue or white fungus which grows on food that isnot kept fresh or on other things that are not kept clean ordry6. sinusitis An infection in which the inside of your sinuses becomesswollen7. spore A small object like a seed which is produced by fungi8. susceptible Easily influenced or affected by something9. vulnerable weak or easy to hurt physically or mentallyWords to note in context:1.After inhaling the gas, the man experienced dizziness; he said, …My head‟sspinning round‟and then collapsed.2.Wet housepaint can emit toxic fumes, so it‟s best if you wear a mas k when youare painting.3.Prolonged inhalation of cigarette smoke is strongly linked to lung cancer.4.Staff morale was very low after twenty employees were sacked for no reason. Itwas no surprising that this would have a bad effect on the others.5.There are over 500 varieties of mould, one of which produces penicillin.6.Sinusitis is usually accompanied by either a headache and or a runny nose.7.Some ferns have very visable spores containing seeds on top of their leaves.8.Shiftworkers are often susceptible to colds and flu due to constant tiredness.9.Children need protecting because they are more vulnerable than adults.UNIT THIRTEEN: Pop musicWords to noteColumn A Column Bbanjo a stringed musical instrument with a long neck and round body forge to form (e.g. a successful relationship)gifted having a natural talent or abilityinfuriating making (someone) extremely annoyedintense feeling and showing emotions in a very strong waylush displaying wealth; luxuriantmentor an experienced person who teaches someone who is less experienced mourn to feel extremely sad because someone has diedphenomenon an event or situation which can be seen to happen or existrival a person or group that is competing against anotherstagecraft all the skills used in a performance including music, presentations and communication with the audiencewashboard a board with a rough metal surface used in the past for rubbing clothes on to help make them clean, but also used in the 1950s and 60s to help create therhythm of pop musicWords to note in context:1.My piano teacher is very talented. He can play many kinds of instruments, forexample, the electric organ, guitar, and even the banjo that looks like a smallguitar.2.The company decided to forge ahead with their marketing strategy even thoughthey are not quite sure of its effectiveness.3.This school is for gifted children. The kids are all very intelligent for their age andmost of them have special talents.4.It is infuriating working with people who cannot decide what they want. Thesepeople really drive me mad.5.Their relationship is very intense. Sometimes they are very loving with each otherand at other times they fight like cats and dogs.6.I seldom listen to the music of that composer because I feel that his compositionsare too lush for my liking.7.Mr. Washington is my mentor. I wouldn‟t be where I am now without hisguidance and advice.8.The whole family mourns that death of their grandmother. She was one amazinglady and everybody will miss her very much.9.I have never seen anything like the Beatlemania of the 1960s. It‟s an unexplainedphenomenon in the music world.10.The girls are rivals. They compete with each other over everything: their clothing,hairstyles and boyfriends!11.People love to attend M adonna‟s concert because they can always expectinnovative stagecraft from her.12.I find it very funny when I see musicians making music using the washboard.UNIT FOURTEEN: Assessing performance Words to noteColumn A Column Ballot to give (someone) something as a share of what is availableat ease in a relaxed statecluster to form a close groupconstraints things that limit the freedom of actiondeficiencies faults that make someone or something not good enough drawbacks features (of something) that are disadvantagesevaluating thinking carefully about (something) before making a judgmentabout itexert to use (influence, authority, strength, etc.)impressionistic based on reactions or opinions rather than on specific facts ordetailsobjective based only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings orbeliefsoverall taking everything into accountpotential the possibility of developing or achieving somethingrefute to say that a statement is not true or accurateretain to keep (someone or something)subjective based on personal ideas and feelings and not on facts syllabus a list of the main subjects in a course of studytertiary relating to colleges and universitiesWords to note in context:1. The teacher allotted 10 marks to each student who completed his work on schedule.2. We were not at ease at all in the principal‟s presence. In fact, we were most nervous.3. The chicks clustered around the hen. They looked very scared.4. They had to complete the project under a lot of constraints. I thought they were not going to make it, given the lack of time and other difficulties.5. The little child looks very sickly. I think he has a case of vitamin deficiencies.6. You must consider the drawbacks before you buy the second-hand car. There are a number of problems you should take into account.7. The teacher was evaluating the students‟ performance against a set of criteria: he passed.8. You must exert a lot of pressure to push the cover up. I think it is stuck.9. I am not happy with the way the teacher is grading the student. It seems far too impressionistic. She doesn‟t seem to be using any recognized criteria.10. We must be objective whenever we are asked to judge anything, otherwise people will think we are not judging in a fair manner.11. The overall results obtained by the team were just amazing, even though they did not perform very well in some events.12. The student has the potential to be a very good basketball player. He has the right height and the build for the game.13. I must refute your comments. You are not giving a correct account of what happened.14. I like Helen and she works very hard. Please do retain her services.15. I try not to be subjective when it comes to choosing a class representative for the forum. Everybody expects us to make a more objective choice.16. The teacher is looking through the new mathematics syllabus before the new semester begins next week.17. Now that he has completed his secondary education, my brother would like to be able to continue his tertiary studies in England.UNIT FIFTEEN: The Linux storyWords to noteColumn A Column Bakin similar (to something)arbiter a person or organisation that has the power to settledisagreementscannonlarge powerful gunsclumsy not careful or gracefulcrawling moving along the ground on hand and knees or with thebody close to the groundembraced to accept something completelyeminent important, respected and admiredfeastedgot great pleasure (from something)idolised thought that someone was perfectinnovation a new idea, method or piece of equipmentintricate very detailed in design or structurescruffy untidy or dirtyshunned deliberately avoided a person, place or activity simulations activities that produce the features of a situation in a waythat seems real but is notskipped avoided doing or having somethingsneak to take someone or something secretly or illegally studious tending to study and read a lotsurreptitiously in a secretive way so that others will not notice unpremeditated not planned at an earlier timevoracious very keen to learn or to do somethingwind up to end (something)Words to note in context:1. Having you in the house is akin to having my personal maid because you are doing all the housework for me! Thnaks!2. I think we need to elect a person who is fair and unbiased to be our arbiter. Such a person can be a kind of referee and can give a fair judgement.3. The cannon was fired at noon to announce the beginning of the ceremony. Still, the huge sound of the old-fashioned gun surprised some people.4. My brother is very clumsy. Don‟t let him near your wine glasses.5. The baby was crawling around the living room when the vase fell from the table onto his head.6. The new ideas were embraced by the members immediately because they made a lot of sense. Later, they regretted accepting the ideas so quickly.7. Which eminent scientist has the school invited this time to speak to us for the Annual Lecture?8. The young man feasted his eyes on the brand new motorcycle in the showroom. THis was something worth having…9. My sister idolizes the Cranberries. But I think they can‟t sing at all.10. The latest innovation from Nokia will be announced next month. Through such constant new developments they have kept ahead of their competitors.11. The design on the antique chair is so intricate. You wonder how they managed to make such a complicated design in those days.12. The boy had a fight with his neighbour and he looked really scruffy.13. That madman is shunned by everyone because he can get violent sometimes.14. The game simulations in the arcades are very realistic. You think you are flying in space.15. The students find Mr Smith‟s lessons very boring. They are going to skip lessons again and go to town instead.。
unit 1-创意阅读第3册
Part CTransferring information (text to table)
Learning styles
Importance of Teacher
1.independent
*
2. dependent
***
3.collaborative
**
4. competitive
**
5. participant
3
self-motivated and teacher-reliant learners
8
introducing the major approaches to learning
13
explaining the importance of studying the good language leaner
errors
Good learners are not discouraged by making errors but rather make errors work as a constructive part of the learning process.
getting exposure to the foreign language
Part B Interpretation
1.b ) Teachers
2.●Opposed Learning strategies(just before paragraph13)
●Contrasting Learning styles(just before paragraph 8 )
●Effective Language Learning Behaviors(just before paragraph 2 )
大学英语阅读3翻译
《大学英语阅读（三）》翻译●21世纪大学英语读写教程（第三册） Unit 11.汤姆去年转来我校，他全神贯注地听杨小姐上课并很快成了她最喜欢的学生。
Tom (was) transferred to our school last year. He hung no Miss Young’s every word in class and soon became the apple of her eye.2.看到女儿高中毕业，他感到一阵难以弄语言表达的爱和骄傲。
Seeing his daughter graduate from high school, he felt a surge of love and pride that he couldn’t express in words.3.当李先生去年开始涉足股市时，他做梦也没想到会变成百万富翁。
Last year when Mr. Li first began his venture into the stock market, becoming a millionaire was beyond his wildest dreams.4.在休假日，我有幸看到一些野生海豹在吃鱼。
我拍了几张照片，可惜焦点都没对准。
On my holiday, I was lucky enough to witness some wild seals feeding no fish. I took several photos of them, but unfortunately they were all out of focus.5.王子跟那位女演员保持确定的情侣关系已三年。
没有任何东西能改变他们在下周结婚的决定。
The prince has been going steady with the actress for three years and nothing can alter their plan to get married next week.6.因为穷人连饭都吃不饱便认为他们不需要义务教育的看法完全是一种错误的想法。
大学英语阅读教程3翻译
大学英语阅读教程3翻译大学英语阅读3翻译第一篇：Be kind to commuters Enumerate. 列举，枚举:paradoxical adj. 矛盾的；诡论的；似非而是的 adolescence 青春期instinct 本能 frat 大学联谊会 ditto 同样的camaraderie友情introspection 反思 introspective 内省的 defray 支付 moot 空谈 myth 虚构leftover 吃剩的话breakaway 分离逃脱 detached 分离的 torn 扯开autonomy 主权概述人们往往可以列举出一个大学生住校的各种优点。
然而，作者想揭露的是走读生其实过得并不轻松。
他们的生活是矛盾的，他们本来要去独立地探索大学生活，但是他们和父母在一起就没有可能保持其独立性。
课文你们可能认为走读生过得很轻松。
我们有一个全自动洗衣机，在柜子中有全新的牙膏，还有一个塞满别人买单的食物的冰箱。
除此之外，电话账单有人会付，即便在微波炉中，晚上也会有为我们准备的食物。
你嘲笑，那不是大学，那是永久的青春期。
所以我们看似是被宠坏的孩子，但一切远没那么简单。
走读学生过着矛盾的生活。
比如你，来到大学，开始认识自己；学会认识自己是教育一个很重要的部分。
但是当父母无法放弃他们作为父母本能般的监管时，维持独立是很难的。
如果父母的结婚纪念日在我期末考试前，我该怎么办？事实是，做一个无法脱离家庭的人就跟一个和你不喜欢的人同居寝室一样困难。
我们的问题很复杂。
从某种程度上来说，我们是这个社会的二等公民；我们很难去享受俱乐部，大学生联谊派对，舞会，因为我们要急着赶回家或者去搭末班车。
同样的，你会意识到你来不及做经济法律课的预习因为已经截止了。
但这还不是最严重的。
每个人都需要和室友一起过夜。
真正的问题是我们错过了很多活动：一种由晚上抱佛脚复习产业心理学，闲谈谁和谁一起睡觉，谈论明星，分享心里话，畅谈毕业来的比想象得要快而产生的友谊。
大学英语创意阅读三答案完整版
hold
jog stroll hop
“of”is the only one which does not indicate position/location. “dance”does not describe sound; the other words are sounds made using the human voice. “spherical”describes a three-dimensional shape; the others are two-dimensional. “walk ”is never used to describe the movement of a liquid; the other words do so. “hold”describes a stable action, not a movement; the other words describe either horizontal or
classroom. This may take the forms of
talking to native speakers, watching TV
programs and videos and reading
extensively.
Using rules and knowledge of the first language
Extending your vocabulary
Part A : Word families
download programme interface email ICQ virus games Excel
Part B: " Odd man out"
a) at
大学英语创意阅读第三册用书课后习题答案
Unit 1Part ASummery workcreativity Good learner are creative and experimentwith languagerisk-taking Good learners are willing to take risks.They are able to learn under conditions of someuncertainty.recall Good learners use techniques like rhymesand word associations to recall what has beenlearned.errors Good learners are not discouraged bymaking errors but rather make errors work asa constructive part of the learning process. getting exposure to the foreign language Good learners find ways of gettingincreased exposure to the foreign languageoutside of the classroom. This may take theform of talking to native speakers, watching TVprograms and videos and reading extensively.using rules and knowledge of the first languageGood learners develop a thorough understanding of the rules of the foreign language and how to apply these rules. They also use knowledge of their first language to help them master the foreign language.Part BInterpretation1. b ) Teachers2.●Opposed Learning strategies (just before paragraph13)●Contrasting Learning styles(just before paragraph 8 )●Effective Language Learning Behaviors (just before paragraph 2 )3.Paragraph 7 and 13Developing your skillsPart A38131Part B632514Part CPart Davoidant dependent participant competitive collaborative independentExtending your vocabularyPart AcefbadPart BhgjabidecfUnit 2Words to note45132Understanding the text1.c) d)2.d)3.a)4.d)5.receiving full details of imported production processes ,which they use to copy and sell the products of these processes.6.buy the expensive software sold by western companies and because software countries apply international copyright laws with unfair harshness in Asia.Developing your skillsPart AText 1Londax RondexThe breakfast cereal, Kellogg‟sCornflakes ,was copied as KongalCornstripsLocal laws should be changed toprotect companies‟ intellectual propertyrights and if this fails companies shouldemploy more inspectors to check forcopyright abuse.Text 2The concept of intellectual property is aWestern one and can harm the progress ofother countries. For this reason, copyrightinfringement should not be consideredillegal.Copyright laws are not applied fairly;some countries (notably those in the MiddleEast) are allowed to abuse copyright moreeasily than other countries.Part BThe concept ofintellectual property shouldbe held in doubt .It is resentand ignores ancientcontributions to knowledgewhich are not changed for.Companies sufferfinancial losses and as aresult are less likely to investin building production plantsin the offending country. Theexistence of piracy alsomakes companies less willingto put money into newresearch and developmentprojects.Copyright claims shouldbe waived, or at least leviedat a discounted rate fordeveloping countries.Extending your vocabularyPart AblatantfakeadvancedmassiveessentialPart BedghcbafUnit 3Words to note45312Understanding the textPart AFTFTTPart B1. b)2. d)3.a)4.b)Developing your skillPart Ac bde aPart BInsert the paragraph between the present paragraphs 1 and 2Part CParagraph 3 and paragraph 4 need to be reserved.Extending your vocabularyPart Adownload programme interface email ICQ virus games ExcelPart Ba)of b) dance c) spherical d) walk e)holdExpending your creativityWeb Traditional MediaIt is possible to put any kind of material up on Web and reach a very large audience.Publishing companies select authors very carefully; books are received by experts, and editors and designers make further improvement.There are no checks on material to be put up on Web and one result of this is the very large amount of pornography available.The content of TV, video and radio programmes is controlled by law to protect audience from bias, sex, violence and bad language.Unit 4Words to note58 1 6 10 4 2 7 9 11 3Understanding the textPart A1.d)2. c)Part B1. c)2.d)3.c)4. d) 5 .a) Developing your skillsPart A311212Part BA2. but people who take dietary supplements (especially those which destroy free radical molecules )may feel more energetic .A3. extending the human life span might well lend to serious effects .A4. fighting cancer, because proteins which destroy cancer cells also cause aging.A5 .healthy food, low stress and an outdoor life style are best for long lifePart C1.●Your feelings about yourself are very important ;ninety-year-old people canfeel and act like fifty year olds if they have the right attitude to life .●Somebody might say this to cheer another person up to encourage the personto feel better about himself or herself.●The speaker probably has an optimistic (and young) feeling about life.2.●Forty isn‟t “old”, it‟s simply a “birth” into a new stage of life.●It might be said to some one approaching his or her forties birthday.●He or she doesn‟t fear to be forty, doesn‟t think forty is old, and thinks of“middle age” as being the beginning of an interesting stage of life when he or she can do new things.3.●Years aren‟t important ; preserving youthful idealism is more important●In a debate about the problem of aging, for example.●Youthful ideals should be kept throughout the whole life; if you keep these ideals, you can stay long in your attitude.4.●Young people anticipate the future with the pleasure; older people reminisce about their youth.●Perhaps in a situation when someone is reflecting seriously about life.●It‟s a philosophical, analytical comment about attitudes.5.●Age is not important; your attitude towards your age and life in general is crucial.●In a situation to encourage somebody to be more optimistic towards life.●The speaker is almost certainly optimistic; the suggestion is that there are many ways to be old and some of them are good.6.●Be virtuous when you are young if you want respect later in life.●Perhaps in a context where an older person wants to give friendly advice to a youngster when a younger person is wondering about the course of action.●The speaker sees a direct link between actions in youth and the consequences in later life.7.●Youngsters only have opinions; their elders know the truth through experience.●Perhaps in a social setting where people from different generations are teasing each other●The speaker almost certainly belongs to the older generation and is confident of his or her own superior knowledge.8.●The only alternative is to die ---- because you can not become young again.●As a joke or a humorous comment, perhaps after someone has said something negative about being old.●He or she certainly views aging in a positive light.9.●An old person who is loved has an extra bonus because love brightens their life; old age is like the winter of a person‟s life, but winter also has its beautiful or bright aspects, like flowers.●Perhaps it would be said to an older person, to remind him or her of life‟s blessing.●It‟s a comment reflecting both joy and sadness; it recognizes that some old people enjoy the love of family, friends, neighbors, etc. But some are alone and lonely10.●Young people see forty as “old”, but older people see fifty as “young”.●This is perhaps more likely to be written rather than spoken ------perhaps in an essay. The author seems to have some optimism about being fifty.●It is a reference to different perspectives, different attitudes of various ages to “age”.11.●People may think that being old is a misery, but having the years of experience old people help you to live your life in a better way. An alternative interpretation is that it is not simply the old age which makes old people feel miserable. It is the accumulation of their experiences which make them miserable. The second interpretation of a rather wry joke.●Perhaps either as a joke or as a serious (but pessimistic) comment of life, almost certainly made by an older person.●It could reflect a humorous, philosophical, non-serious view; or the opposite,a mournful cry.12.●Experience (“living long”) teaches us how to live well.●Again, perhaps it is more likely to be written than spoken.●Experience over many years is seen as blessings and benefits.13.●Enjoy your youth and make the most of the opportunities which come your way; then, when you are older, you don‟t have any regrets that you wasted it.●An older person -----perhaps a parent ----to a younger people; the comment shows wry humor by suggesting that the main preoccupation older people in that they lament their lost youth.●He /She sees youth as priceless and not to be wasted.14.●The general, meaning is that people change as they grow older .the specific meaning of each stage depends on how people understand the metaphors of the animals (and this varies in different cultures). A likely Spanish interpretation is : at twentypeople are concerned with their appearance ,at thirty they are brave , at forty theycarry heavy burdens ,at fifty they twist and turn and can‟t be trusted , at sixty they are loyal ,at seventy they are wise ,at eighty they are nothing .●As it‟s rather long, it is more likely to be part of a written paper . Now it couldbe said by anybody au any stage but probably originally it was written by an olderperson.●Perhaps it reflects a cynical attitude to the way people develop .perhapsstudents might here be asked to explain what each of the different creatures at thevarious stages of life represents in Chinese or other culture.15.●The tide “ebbs” (i.e. its strength and power is lessened) and human beings getolder and become less strong. The tide returns as strong as ever and other people are young and their tide is rising.●Spoken or read in a poem.●Perhaps said by someone who, though he /she feels sad, can rationalize and seethat there is no reason to be sad.Expanding your vocabulary1 breakthrough noun2 dramatically adverb3 dietary supplements noun4 extended verb5 passively adverb6 contracting noun(gerund)7 eternal adjective8 boosting noun(gerund)9 normally adverb10 controversial adjectiveFurther information●The child is the father of the manChildren grow up to become adults and what happens in childhood is vitally important because adults develop on the basis of their childhood. Just as a child inherits genetics from their parents, the stage of early childhood for an individual is the social “inheritance” of each adult -----this is the basis for the development of the rest of their life (when the childbecomes “the man”). Parents have children who grow up; however, children also grow up to become parents, who have children in their turn who also become parents …●Bad is never good until worse happens.When something bad happens it is difficult to see anything good about it .But when something even worse happens, what we thought was bad before doesn‟t look so bad afterall .Of course, what is “worse” may also seem not so bad when something worse still happens! Our perceptions of what are bad or good events are relative to their events.●Everything changes except change itself.Change is in everything .Only the law that everything changes does not change. On the other hand, if everything changes this should include change itself (the nature of particular changes should change or even the very nature of change itself.) If change changes then this must include no change which would be a change from changing .If change does not change, then there is something to which the law of change does not apply ----which means that not everything changes.●All rules have exceptions, including this one.A rule is general statement .It may include everything in its scope or it may have its exceptions .The problem here is that if the rule is that “all rules have exceptions ” ,then there are exceptions to the rule that “all rules have exceptions ”: does this mean that the rule isn‟t a rule or that the exception isn‟t an exception or that the exception to the rule that “all rules have exceptions” means that there are no exceptions ,including the exceptions to the rulethat “all rules have exceptions ”…?● A sadist is a person who is kind to a masochist.A sadist is someone who gets pleasure from hurting or being cruel to someone else. A masochist is someone who gets pleasure from being hurt. We expect the sadist to be nasty to others, including being nasty to the masochist. But the sadist knows that the masochist wants to be hurt, so being kind to the masochist (who expects to be hurt by the sadist) is a way for the sadist to get pleasure. The problem now is that the sadist is getting pleasure by not hurting someone (which means that the sadist isn‟t being a sadist .)A second problem is that the masochist may be getting pleasure by anticipating being hurt (which he enjoys and looks forward to )and may therefore be getting pleasure from the kindness of the sadist (who asthe masochist knows ,wants to hurt the masochist )because he anticipates being hurt by not being hurt yet (which means that the masochist isn‟t being a masochist ).●Nothing is enough for the person to whom enough is too little .Some people are greedy .They want more than others .they want more than the amount which would satisfy others (and be enough for them ). So for the greedy person “enough”(for others) is always too little (for the greedy one ). So there is never “enough ”and “nothing is enough ”for the greedy person; this means there is no “enough ”.But the problem is that it may also mean that if greedy person has “nothing”. It is “enough” (because “nothing is enough”), in which case the person is not greedy and is, in fact, satisfied with nothing (since he has “nothing” which is “enough”).●If the rich could hire other people to die for them, the poor could make awonderful living.Everybody die at some time .Rich people may wish to keep on living because they have lots of money to enjoy their life .So if the rich people could pay poor people to die forthem ,then the rich people could keep on living for longer and keep on enjoying their life. The poor would make a living (i.e., earn money to live )by dying instead of the rich .Of course ,paying one poor person to die instead of the rich person who is dying would not be enough because death is always waiting (for everybody, rich or poor),so the rich would have to keep on paying more and more poor people to die for them -----otherwise they can only postpone death for a short time .So now ,many poor people die(paid for by the rich )but the others who are still living get rich (keeping the money which their dead poor relatives received from the rich ). But these new rich people (who were poor before) will die ----unless they pay poor people to die for them. If they do so, the poor relatives of those poor ones who die for the new rich will themselves eventually become rich and will need to pay other poor people to die for them if they wish to keep on living.Unit 5Understanding the text1.d)2.●Exercise●Diet●Self-discipline●Sleep3. a 8b 2c 7d 4e 9Developing your skillPart Ait(pronoun)this(pronoun)they(pronoun)such pensionable oldies(wordsubjection)Part B2. couple (ws: a man and a woman)3. It (pr: the unclear family)4. contrast (c: the nuclear family)5. he or she (pr: someone)Extending your vocabularyWordDefinitions Devices2 Lazy TV-watchingpeopleDefinition is an apposition to coach potato.3 Not causing the heartrate to rise significantlyDefinition is contained within brackets.4 Substances taken intothe bodyDefinition is contained within a pair of dashes5 Which means beingdangerously overweightDefinition is contained within a non-defining relative clauseExpanding your creativitySolving a logical problemName ofdeveloperNationality Development Date Unknown Etruscan(Italian) false teeth 700bcUnknown Chinese vaccination the 10th century Unknown Italian glasses the 13th centuryAmbroise Pare French artificial limbs the 16th century Hermann Dreser German aspirin 1899Dutch EEC 1903 WillemEinthovenClues and sample sentences of deduction●Aspirin was developed in 1899.This must have been one of the later inventions because I think the other developments are older.●Italians developed two items, one as long ago as 700 B.C.This must have been one of the earliest developments because it was a long time ago.●Herman dresser was German but Willem Einthoven was Dutch.They can‟t have developed anything ancient because Germany and Holland didn‟t exist as countries back then.●The EEC was developed four years after a German developed aspirin.----The EEC was obviously developed in 1933 because aspirin was developed in 1899and it was 4 years after that.----Herman dresser probably developed aspirin because he was German and it was developed in Germany which would also mean he did this in 1899.●Ambroise pare was a French surgeon who worked with injured soldiers in the16th century.Pare must have developed the artificial limbs because he worked with injured soldiers 500 years ago.●We don‟t know the names of whoever developed the three oldest items.The three top left boxes must be empty because the names of the developers are unknown.●Artificial limbs we developed three centuries after glasses, which in turn weredeveloped three centuries after vaccinations, but we don‟t know the exact dates.Glasses must have developed in the 13th century. Therefore, vaccinations must have been developed in the 10th century.●False teeth were developed by unknown Etruscans(ancient Italians)This is obviously one of the two developments and they probably did this in 700 B.C. because the Etruscans were an ancient civilization.●Vaccinations were developed by a Chinese.The Chinese developed vaccinations in the 10th century and therefore the developer isone of the three unknowns.With your partner discuss:●----Aspirin might be the most widely used because it is available in thesupermarket; it is inexpensive and is used in many common less serious medicalconditions.-----Glasses are also very widely used .however, not all of population suffers from visual problems. Vaccinations are also widely used but require a specialist to administer them. What‟s more, many vaccines only need administering once in a lifetime.-----The EEC would also be widely used in western countries where technology is readily available and heart disease more prevalent but it would be mainly used with older parties.-----False limbs might be the least frequently used as their application is very specific to amputees and those with congenital deformities .These days doctors try to avoid amputation if possible and birth defects are less frequent as well .However, they are very important in those countries where there are wars , especially where there are landmines .●Perhaps vaccinations because they prevent simple disease from becomingfatal epidemic. We tend to take them for granted.●Before the age of the printing press, there were fewer historical records andliteracy was not as common. Much information about ancient civilizations still remainsa mystery.●“necessity is the mother of invention.” The developers must have been incritical need of the medical breakthroughs. Endurance, determination, resistance to criticism and the belief in oneself are essential to discover or invent something new.Unit 6Understanding the text1. c)2. Paragraph 113. c)4. b)Developing your skillsPart A1.background2.data-gathering procedure3.the changing concept of health4.factors affecting health5.recommendations to improve youn g people‟s healthPart BQuestionnaire results %30_1688_251421_15Part Cbelieve that weight-control products are safe. About 25% of respondents works out regularly but never work out. About 21% of respondents take vitamin supplement, while 15% smoke regularly or occasionally.Extending your vocabularyPart AWords Words from Text Word class1 advent noun2 obesity noun3 perception noun4 gradually adverb5 issue noun6 external adjective7 in conjunctionwithprepositional phase8 nutrition noun9 normally adverb10 the majority of adjectivePart B2 By information preceded by asemi-colon placed immediately afterthe phrase3 By information preceded by adash placed immediately after thephrase4 By information given in the finalsentences of paragraph 85 By information given in the finalsentences of paragraph 15Extending your creativity●Much corn, much care.If you have a lot of money, your problem often increase instead of decrease.●The best doctors are Dr. Diet, Dr Quiet and Dr Merryman.You will be happier if you have nutritious food, peace and quiet and happiness (or fun).●If you want to be happy~~~Honesty in life brings lifelong, not just temporary, happiness.Some related sayings are:●Money can‟t buy happiness.●Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.●If mama ain‟t happy, ain‟t no body happy.●The first step to health is to know that we are sick.●No sleep, no health.● A sound mind in a sound body.●Out of sight out of mind.●All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.●An apple a day keeps the doctor away.● A sound mind in a healthy body.Unit 7Understanding the text1.Voice inflection, gestures and eye contact.2.●Putting special words in brackets followed by an exclamation mark●Capitalizing all letters of words communicating feelings3. Because in speech most meaning is communicated through body language and voice tone., but these features are not present in emails.4. Because most people prefer to keep their email addresses private.5. Because readers may form a poor impression of you if your emails are poorly organized and lacking accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation.6.↓2. Leave the mail for a time while you become less upset↓3 .Review the mail and make any changes↓Developing your skillsPart A1.To give warnings and advice on how to write effective emails with appropriatestyle and tone.2.The intended audience is probably university students—most of the examples given in the text are drawn from university life.3.a) Incorrect: Only paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 deal with this.b) Incorrect: There are not enough general operating instructions.c) Correct: Each paragraph contains Dos and Don‟ts.Part B(2) (3) (1) (4) (6) (5)Extending your vocabularyPart Areally annoyedat great speed but with little considerationmisunderstandingreceiverPart Bcarefully, slowlyformalrespectfulimplicit, subtleUnit 8Understanding the text1. c)2. b)3. a)4. Very few people put enough of their money into investments and so do not get rich. Consequently, they remain dangerously dependent on earning a salary.Developing your skillsPart ATo live up to theexpectations of others, hebuys expensive clothes andcars and eats in the bestrestaurants.Paid cash for his houseand has no intention ofmoving to differentaccommodation.Buys expensive productsand so fails to convert hisearnings into stored orinvested wealth.Has several sources ofincome and no debt, so couldsurvive going bankrupt. Thisallows him to feel secure andoptimistic.He is a salariedprofessional and so cannotmake claims against taxcharges. His income istraceable throughemployer‟s records. Extending your vocabularyexpensive (car, taste, habit)optimistic (attitude, person)glamorous (person, lifestyle, outfit)assertive (person, manner, tone of voice)excessive (behavior, person, lifestyle)bankrupt (company, person)frugal( person, spending)lowlightboringordinary, local, magistrate‟ssofteasywarm, mildgooduncertain, unprovenUnit 9Understanding the textPart A1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T6. F7. T8. F9. F10. TPart B1.d)2.c)3.Because the companies insist that farmers buy all their seeds from the company ensure that a crop is 100% GM, poor farmers have to pay high prices for their seeds and in cases of failure, they will have no crops and no money.Developing your skillsPart A↓Treated seeds or embryos are grown.↓Results are recorded.↓GM crop is grown.Part BA well-fed world population will be stable and unlikely to start wars.GM crops are not only larger, they are also resistant to a range of diseases and to extremes of climate.GM crops do not have to be treated with chemicals such as fertilizers or pesticides and this will benefit the natural environment.GMF may cause illness among humans.GMF may change the natural balance between plant and animal life.GMF has never been part of the human food supply and may make problems(e.g. allergies ) worse.GM crops allow farmers to maximizethe productivity of their land.If no longer struggling to feed itself, a country can develop its industrial infrastructure.Existing GM crops (e.g. soybeans) appear not to have harmed the health of consumers.Dangerous products (e.g. tobacco) could be treated genetically to make them harmless.Treating GM crops to be resistant to viruses and fungi can kill beneficial insects such as bees.GM crops are similar genetically and may have little defense against new forms of viruses and fungi.Extending your vocabularyPart A××√×√√√√×××××√√××√√√√√××Part B1.take2.develop3.createe5.doing6.makeUnit 10Understanding the text1.√√√√√2.the introduction of the Euro has not led to an increasein prices.3.Lead to a convergence of EuropeanbudgetsLead to regular meetings of Europeanpoliticians to discuss and coordinate a rangeof important issues4.The introduction of the European Convention on Human Rights has already had an impact on British laws and there is now a European arrest warrant which can be used in all member countries.Developing your skillsPart A1.b)●The author uses positive emotive languageand images when describing the launchof the Euro: impressive, optimistic, happy, a great success, gone smoothly, softy falling snow.●The author highlights how quickly Europeansembraced the new currency. (paragraph 2)●The author is slightly critical towards those whothreaten the currency (criminals and the UK)●The author uses negative emotive language to describethe UK‟s resistance to the euro, e.g. dampening, refuses, stubborn, illogical.●The author uses more of the text to explain theadvantages and potential as opposed to highlight problems the Euro may present.2.The author is critical and makes unfavorable comparisons between the environmental awareness of Europe and that of America and the UK.●European countries tend also to be moreenvironmentally aware than either Great Britain or the United States.●European politicians want to introduce an energy ta x…to find alternatives to coal and oil Europeans want a tax which favors renewable energy sources and reduces the use of fossil fuels.●It may be the case that mainland Europe will find itselfarguing with America and the UK on major issues in the future: the formerpromoting progressive, people-friendly policies, while the latter attempt to retainexisting means of production and social systems.Part B↓Paragraphs 4,5 and 6Problems affecting the introduction of the Euro: possible crime, lack of sufficient coins and notes, and the UK‟s refusal to join Euro land↓↓Paragraphs 8,9 and 10。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
创意阅读第三册课文参考译文UNIT SIX 年轻人的健康观念长久以来，人们认为健康是最重要的人生目标。
随着快速城市化和普遍富裕的出现，人们对健康的理解已超出了原有的“不生病”的范畴。
现代的健康概念开始包括：注重仪表，身体健康，避免肥胖以及进行定期的体检。
过去10年间，随着人们健康意识的增强，我们发现消费市场上的健康食品、有氧健美班、健身房以及其他种种保健项目变得不计其数。
这种正在日益放宽的健康观念已成为年轻人考虑生活以及成年时必做的一些决定的一部分。
为了获得更多有关年轻人的健康观念的信息，研究者们以问卷调查和深人访问的方式在世界范围内进行民意调查。
他们还在这方面进行了广泛阅读。
他们鼓励受采访的年轻人说出他们的感受和观点。
调查结果表明现在的年轻人十分关注他们的外表。
外表对他们而言似乎比健康更重要。
调查结果还显示现代人的健康观念已渐渐偏离传统的健康观念，即不生重病，而现代的健康观念是保持健壮和苗条。
根据被调查者的观点，新的健康观念应该包括注重外表、乐观健康、拥有更强的耐力和更多的精力。
然而调查结果也表明大多数的年轻人以苗条为美，而且他们对外表和皮肤的关注要多于对锻炼和饮食习惯的关心。
这些观念为我们的保健教育提供了诸多暗示。
很明显，近几年来，人们的健康观念发生了改变。
年轻人不再认为不生病就是健康，而是把健康看作某种可从外貌判断的东西。
他们也不把健康看作一种可以产生内在美的品质，相反，他们在理解健康时侧重外在的因素：外表（尤其是皮肤、头发和牙齿要好）和苗条。
年轻人越来越愿意通过一种低冲击的生活方式来达到这些身体特征，即通过治疗、药物及食补来达到健康的目的，而不是通过良好的饮食习惯和定期锻炼。
这项研究中最惊人的发现是30％以上的答卷者认为他们过胖，并说他们正在使用控制体重的产品或者参加了某个体重控制计划，有些人则兼而试之。
大多数人在使用这些产品、加人这些计划的同时并没有辅助以定期的锻炼计划。
这种控制体重的产品（可能是减肥丸、特效药或减肥茶）是否安全可靠并没有受到考虑，大多数被调查者说这样那样的特效药是他们的朋友推荐的。
还有少数人（16%）是从广告中得知他们正在使用的这些减肥产品的，这是一个不小的数字。
这些人中大约88％的人觉得他们使用的产品是安全的，不会对健康产生长期的不良影响。
而这些减肥产品的使用、减肥计划的实行很少是在营养方面的认证专家的监督下进行的，有的甚至连父母都不知道。
事实上，大多数被调查者都说他们没有告诉父母他们在使用减肥品。
为了达到苗条的目的，被调查者未必会进行锻炼。
事实上，调查结果显示大约只有1/4的年轻人会定期锻炼，而将近1/3的人是偶尔锻炼。
被调查的年轻人中几乎有14％的人从来不锻炼身体。
那些会定期锻炼身体的人通常是在公园或操场上锻炼的。
只有少数人是健身俱乐部的成员，他们通常给出的理由是尽管这些健身器材十分吸引人，但是对年轻人而言价格实在太高了。
调查也涉及到年轻人的食物摄取问题。
大多数人说他们一天只吃一顿主食—就是晚餐。
大多数人的早餐就是一块蛋糕或者一个小甜面包，外加点饮料。
午饭通常要丰盛些，也许是面条加蔬菜和肉，或者是汉堡包加炸薯片。
但被调查的年轻人的午餐分量一般较少，这是因为在继续工作之前大多数人只有半小时可以吃午饭。
当问到他们是否想过每天摄人的矿物质和维生素是否足够时，大多数人回答不知道。
其中有21％的人说他们在吃各种各样的维生素来补充营养。
很明显，被调查者吃什么、何时吃是三个应得到关注的问题。
调查结果也显示年轻的下一代不太关注他们的医疗状况。
过去两年里，3/4以上的被调查者没有体检。
更需要关注的一个调查结果是15％的被调查者说他们经常或者偶尔吸烟。
这很明显地表明年轻人中防患于未然的健康意识很淡薄。
最后并且很重要的一点是关于睡眠的。
关于这一点，调查结果揭示了一些令人警觉的生活习惯，尤其是关于年轻人晚上实际睡觉的时间。
被调查的年轻人中大约有3/4的人在11点以后上床睡觉。
接近1/4的人在1点或更晚入睡。
人睡晚的原因多种多样：看电视、玩电脑游戏、上网等是主要原因，还有的是为了做家庭作业。
有约1/3的年轻人说他们常常在10点左右开始做作业，一般要做2到3个小时。
晚睡的结果是人体越来越缺乏睡眠，这势必会影响第二天的注意力集中和工作表现。
我们的调查反映了一些不良的趋势。
要抵制这些趋势，我们必须采用法律和教育这两手措施。
减肥药和在年轻妇女中十分流行的增白护肤品都有可能对人体有害。
显然，此类产品的广告应受到法律的管理。
这就会迫使生产者要么不做广告，要么在广告中针对产品的成分和副作用提出必要的警告。
各国政府应将减肥产品看作是药品而不是食品，尤其是有些产品已确认含有医药成分，则更需要进行临床试验。
要是有的产品中没有医药成分，认为将它们重新分类为药品不合适，我们也应该将它们归为新的一类，我们的政府还应严密监督这类产品的生产和销售。
颇有权威的美国食品和药品局曾将减肥产品归为饮食补充剂一类，这无疑为全世界树立了一个好榜样。
政府应尽快采取的另一重要步骤是通过教育来提高年轻人的健康意识。
全世界大多数中小学的教学大纲包括很多与健康有关的话题，例如个人卫生、饮食均衡、普通的疾病和营养。
但是，我们可以使学校里与健康有关的学科变得更有趣些。
我们可以请些专家来学校做些讲座，讲一讲如何通过健康的饮食和日常锻炼来获得迷人的外表。
还可以播放录像节目，展示不同的锻炼方式。
请一些因吸烟等坏习惯而导致健康恶化的人来讲讲他们的经历也可对学生有所帮助。
最后，年轻人自己能做点什么来使他们的健康持续更久呢？想使外表看上去处于最佳状态并没有错，但问题的关键是通过何种方法达到这一目的，健康应是由内开始。
这意味着要培养好的习惯，例如饮食均衡而且定期锻炼，不必进行很难的锻炼。
多数医生建议年轻人玩自己喜欢的体育活动，偶尔跳跳舞是很好的锻炼方式。
但锻炼必须定期进行—至少每周三次，每次半个小时—饮食也必须有规律。
三餐均衡且适量远远比晚餐时饱餐一顿要好得多。
另一个年轻人能使自己更健康的做法是注意自己的睡眠习惯，这既包括睡眠数量又包括质量。
研究结果表明大多数人每晚需要睡7到9个小时。
而且午夜1点以前人睡会睡得较熟，比1点后入睡更能解除疲劳。
这项医学结果已为年轻人如何组织他们的生活提供了明显的提示。
科学家们给出的睡眠需求说明年轻人应该确保睡眠的时间，而有些活动可以适量取消。
给年轻人的最后一条建议：不要害怕看医生。
医生不仅是为老年人服务的。
除了治病外他们还愿意做点别的。
所有的医生都愿意用预防性药物。
如果问题发现得足够早，通常可以较成功地治疗，可以防止发生长期的问题。
但是只有定期去做医检、主动关心健康的人才可能及时得到预防药的治疗。
UNIT SEVEN如何写电子邮件电子邮件是现有的最快、最便捷也是最便宜的通讯方式。
但这不代表写电子邮件是最容易做好的事情。
事实上，写电子邮件时，想用恰当的语调（礼貌的还是亲密的）和风格（正式还是非正式）是十分困难的。
之所以这么难是因为电子邮件兼具书面语的某些特征和口头语的某些特征。
在演讲时，我们会用声音的音调、手势以及眼神来表达我们的感受。
而在写电子邮件时我们当然不能做到这些。
于是，有些发件人就用一些特殊的符号来传递他们的感受。
这些符号被称为“感情符”，如二幸福，^O^＝焦虑。
另一种可以在电子邮件里表达情感的方法是在括号里写上特定的语气词再加上感叹号：对不起，我的文章交晚了（呻吟！）但我最近有太多事得做（厌恶I)但我这周五一定能交上去（微笑！）。
还有一种在电子邮件中表达情感的方法是用大写字母打出作者想强调的单词的每个字母：对不起，我的文章交晚了，但我最近有太多事得做，但我这周五一定能交上去。
这种表达方式的问题是它给人的感觉是作者在朝着读者喊。
在写电子邮件给朋友时，不论是感情符号、在括号内注明情感还是单词大写都是可行的。
但是如果邮件是发给老师或雇主的，这些做法都会显得太过随意和亲密。
在正式邮件中要注意避免的另外一点是过度使用缩略词。
看一看下面这封邮件，（像我一样）试着猜猜这些缩略词的意思。
这封邮件是对我关于人们是如何使用电子邮件的回信。
亲爱的克利斯：看了你的信，我确实认真地想了想我写电子邮件的方式。
实话说吧，我尽量写得简短，不太花时间在检查语法和拼写上—你也可从我的电子邮件中看出来这点。
可能有的人认为写电子邮件应像写正式的信那样。
可是我觉得它更像是写张卡片或便条，或与人在聊天。
所以，我的观点是只要收到邮件的人能懂就行了。
我希望我的看法能对你有所帮助。
也希望你的这个项目能获得成功，也感谢你发了关于如何有效使用电子邮件的文档过来。
当然，里面有些观点我不能同意。
顺便问一下，下周五你来参加全体职员的午餐聚餐吗？再见蒂娜在02年1月14日7点53分，你写道：亲爱的蒂娜：我正在写一份计划报告，主题是关于电子邮件的使用是如何影响我的那些中国籍的同事英语的表达。
于是我联系了许多常用电子邮件的人，想听听他们的看法。
你写电子邮件与写信有何不同吗？如果有，不同在何处呢？我得很快完成这个计划，所以请尽可能快地给我回信。
很抱歉这么匆忙。
多谢！克利斯此外，在附件里有你要的写电子邮件守则的文档。
这些缩写分别代表“特此奉告”、“就我看来”和“顺便一提”。
有的收件人懂这些缩略词，有些人要花很长时间才能猜到它们的意思。
下面这篇文档是附在我发给蒂娜寻求帮助的那封电子邮件里的。
这篇文档就如何有效地写电子邮件提出了些建议。
我想要说明的第一点是很基本的一点：人与人之间的交流大约90％是通过肢体语言传递的，8％是通过声调传递的，只有2％是通过说话的内容传递的。
写电子邮件的一个问题是你损失了98％的传递方式。
当你开始写邮件时，你就应该意识到这一基本事实。
既然收信人可能读不懂你的微妙意思或者完全误会你的话，你还是把意思表达清楚为妙。
在你读别人的邮件时，最好也记住这一点：语言技巧不完善或者写邮件时很匆忙可能会使你的信听上去消极或有些咄咄逼人。
当你收到此类信件时，最好的方案是将信再读一遍，看看是不是你自己误解了。
误解信的意思常常会引发冲突。
要为电子邮件保密。
要是有人用电子邮件发给你信息或想法，你不能看作是得到了在公开论坛上（讨论群体、世界网络新闻组、聊天网站等等）粘贴信息的许可。
别人发给你的个人信件应得到保密，这样你才能得到那些与你联系的人的信任。
如果同时发电子邮件给很多人，注意不要将所有收件人的名字贴到复写的副本里。
如果你这么做，那你发邮件的所有人都能看到其他收件人的地址。
这可能让人感到不快，因为通常人们不太喜欢当众公布自己的地址。
记住总是用隐蔽副本就行了。
这样，每个人在你发给的信件上只能看到自己的地址。
当第一次发邮件给不认识的人时，不要用语不正式。
例如，若你是给某个网址或广为传播的商业信件回信时，信的开头避免用“晦，克利斯”这样的称呼。