句子结构及从句

高中英语句子结构及从句复习

(200８-04－1４16:29:30)

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高考

英语

名词性从句

形容词性从句

句子结构

杂谈

句子按结构可分为简单句, 并列句, 复合句

基本句型

(1) 简单句

主+ 谓＋( 宾/ 间宾+直宾／宾＋宾补)

Hｅwoｒｋｓ。

I bought ａbook、

My faｔher bought me a celｌphｏnｅ。

Tｏm made ｔheｍlaugh.

主+ 系+ 表

She ｉｓａsｔudent

(2)复合句(主语从句,表语从句, 宾语从句, 定语从句, 同位语从句,状语从句)

主句＋连词+从句

连词＋从句,主句

(3) 并列句(and, ｏr , but等并列连词或分号破折号把两个或两个以上得简单句连在一起得结构)

句1 + 连词+ 句2

ＩｌeａrｎEngｌisｈanｄhｅｌeａrns Ｃhinｅse.

The studeｎts are briｇht; tｈe teaｃｈｅrｓwork ｈard、

基本概念

(１)有主语、有谓语方可称为句子,否则为短语。

(２)主句与从句必须有连接词衔接、连接句可在两个句子中间,亦可放置于句首、

l从句

(一)主语从句(由ｔhａt wｈether, ｗhaｔ, whatevｅr, who, wｈoevｅr,when,ｗheneveｒ, hｏw,wｈy 引导。)

Ｗhoｅvｅr lｅavｅs thｅoffｉce should ｔelｌme.

Ｗhａt he saｉd atｔhe meetｉng is impoｒtant、

1、主语从句得位置:

That lighｔtraveｌs in ｓtraｉghｔｌiｎes is ｋnown to all. ／ It is known to ａll that light ｔｒavels in straighｔlｉnes、

Ｗｈeｎthe plane is toｔａke ofｆhas not been annoｕncｅｄ。 / It hasｎｏt beeｎa ｎｎounceｄｗhen tｈe plane is to ｔake off、

What ｈe ｗants ｉｓa book、

Has it bｅeｎsetｔｌeｄwｈo will ｂe sｅnｔto cａrry oｕt ｔhe task？

2、ｉｔ作形式主语得主语从句结构:

①Itｉs + 名词词组+ 从句

Iｔis a fａcｔ/question thaｔ…Ｉｔis gｏoｄneｗs thaｔ…

Ｉｔｉsｍon knowｌedgｅｔhat…(常识)

②Iｔis ＋形容词+从句

Ｉt ｉs necessａry／cｌear/ (ｕｎ)lｉkeｌy/ importａnt ｔhat…。

③Iｔis+过去分词+ 从句

Ｉt ｉs sａiｄ/ ｒｅporteｄthａｔ…Ｉt has beｅn provｅd ｔhat…

Ｉt ｍuｓt be ｐoiｎｔｅｄout tｈat…

④Ｉtｉs +不及物动词＋从句

Ｉt seems thaｔ…好象就是 It happenｅd thａt…碰巧

It ｆolｌows thａt…由此可见 It ｈａs tｕrnｅｄｏｕt tｈat… 结果就是

＊**iｔ引导得强调句,分析如:

Ｊohn ｂoｕgｈt a tｏｙplane foｒhis soｎyesterｄay、

主语宾语状语状语

It ｗas Johｎthａt(whｏ) bougｈt ａtoy ｐlane ｆoｒhiｓson yesterdaｙ。强调主语

Ｉt was a toｙplａne thａt Jｏｈn ｂoughtｆor his sｏn yesteｒdａy。强调宾语

Itｗas for his soｎthat Jｏｈｎｂougｈt a toy pｌane yesｔｅrday. 强调目得状语

It wａs ｙesterdaｙｔhatＪohｎboｕght a toy plane fｏr ｈｉｓsｏn. 强调时间状语

(二)宾语从句(由ｔｈaｔ if , whether,what,whatever, who,whoever, wｈeｎ, ｗｈenｅｖer, hｏw,wｈy 引导、)

１、作动词得宾语: Hｅwondeｒed how the pyraｍids weｒe buｉlｔ、 She tol ｄme wｈere ｓheｌived.

２、作介词得宾语: Thｉs dependｓon hｏｗｈarｄｙoｕｗｏrk。Ｉs ｔhere aｎｙthｉng wrｏng inｗhaｔＩsaid?

3、作形容词得宾语: Theｙａrｅcｏnfiｄｅnt tｈat thｅy caｎdo it ｗell、Ｉ’m not cer ｔａｉn whｅtheｒ(if) ｔhey will arｒiｖe on ｔime.

4、宾语从句注意点:

形式宾语it: He has mａde it cleａr ｔhａt the meｅtiｎg ｗill ｎot be postｐonｅｄ、

否定前移: I don’t think he ｈas timｅtｏpｌay ｃheｓs wiｔｈyou. Ｉdｏn’t ｓuｐｐoｓe iｔis the ｒuｓｈhｏur ｙeｔ、

插入语语序:Wheｎ(ｄo you ｔhink) Jｏｈn will ａrrｉve? Ｗho (do yoｕbelievｅ) will be given the priｚe?

＊*＊肯定: Ｉthｉnk so。 I hope so、否定: I ｄoｎ't ｔhiｎk so、 I hop ｅｎot。I’ｍaｆrａid not.

(三)表语从句(由ｔhat ｗhethｅr, what, whatｅvｅr, wｈo, ｗhｏｅver, ｗｈen, wｈｅｎever, hｏw, ｗｈy 引导、)

My idea isｔhat ｔhis plａn should bｅｃarried out iｍmediatｅｌy、

Itｌooks thａｔ(as if) it iｓgoinｇtｏraiｎ、

Ｔｈat is whｙｗe called ｏfｆtｈｅｍeeting.

This is ｈｏw ｗe did it、

Ｔｈe ｒeason (why)he wａs laｔe was thaｔhe ｍisseｄｔhｅbus。她迟到得原因就是误了车。

(四)同位语从句(功能:加以阐明、解释)(只以tｈat作引导词)

Ｉhaｖe no ｉdea ｗｈｅn he will return. Ｔhｅｙａrｅｆaｃｅd ｗｉth thｅpｒｏblem ｗｈeｔher tｈey shｏuｌd cｏntinue ｔhe ｗorｋ、

(五)定语从句(功能:进行修饰与限定)(由thａt, which, wｈo, ｗhｏm, wherｅ, whｅn, ｗhos ｅ,why

The ｍan wｈom (that)you ｓawｊｕst now ｉs oｕr manaｇer.

Ｉｓtｈeｒｅanyｏｎｅｈｅre whose nａmｅis WanｇLin？

The builｄing whosｅｒooｆwe can see frｏm herｅis a suｐeｒmａｒｋet.

***＊当先行词就是alｌ, ｅｖerythｉｎg, something, noｔhinｇ等不定代词, 或被firｓt, laｓt, only, ｆew,much, some, any,nｏ以及形容词最高级等词修饰时, 应该用关系代词tｈａt,不用ｗhｉch。