Chapter 12-4
高考英语听说强化训练第12辑第四章模拟套题
高考英语听说强化训练第12辑第四章模拟套题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1High School English Listening and Speaking Intensive TrainingVolume 12, Chapter 4, Simulation TestSection A: Listening ComprehensionPart I: Short Conversations1. A: Hey, have you heard about the party this weekend?B: Yes, I have. Are you going?A: I’m not sure yet. I might have to study for a test.2. A: I can’t find my phone anywhere!B: Did you check under the couch?A: Oh, I found it. Thanks for the suggestion.3. A: What did you think of the movie we watched last night?B: I loved it! The plot was so intriguing.A: I agree, it kept me on the edge of my seat the whole time.Part II: Passages4. A: Good morning, everyone. Today we’re going to learn about climate change.B: Climate change is a pressing issue that affects us all. We need to take action now.5. A: The new restaurant downtown has been getting rave reviews.B: I heard t he food is amazing. Let’s go check it out this weekend.Section B: SpeakingPart I: Task-based ConversationTask: Discuss your favorite book or movie and explain why you enjoy it.Part II: Sentence Completion1. I love to _______ in my free time.2. My favorite subject in school is _______.3. The best vacation I ever had was when I went to _______.Part III: Picture DescriptionDescribe the picture below in 2-3 sentences.Overall, this simulation test is designed to help students improve their listening and speaking skills in English. It covers a variety of topics and tasks to ensure a well-rounded practice experience. Good luck to all participants!篇2High School English Listening and Speaking Reinforcement TrainingChapter 4: Mock TestIn this fourth chapter of the High School English Listening and Speaking Reinforcement Training, we will be focusing on mock tests to help students prepare for the upcoming exams. Mock tests are an essential tool for students to gauge their understanding of the material and practice their listening and speaking skills under exam conditions.The mock test will consist of a series of listening exercises followed by speaking exercises. Students will be presented with a variety of listening passages, including dialogues, monologues, and news reports. They will then be asked to answer a series ofquestions based on the information they have heard. This will help students improve their listening comprehension skills and their ability to extract key information from spoken passages.After the listening exercises, students will move on to the speaking exercises. They will be given prompts and asked to speak on a given topic or respond to a question. This will help students improve their speaking skills and develop their ability to communicate effectively in English.By completing this mock test, students will be able to identify areas where they need to improve and focus on those in their study. They will also gain confidence in their abilities and be better prepared for the actual exam.Overall, the mock test in Chapter 4 of the High School English Listening and Speaking Reinforcement Training is a valuable tool for students to practice and improve their listening and speaking skills in preparation for the high school exams.篇3Simulated Test Questions for Advanced English Listening and Speaking Training (Chapter 4)Part A: Listening ComprehensionSection 1: Questions 1-51. What is the speaker's main purpose in the presentation?(A) To explain the benefits of renewable energy sources(B) To discuss the history of fossil fuels(C) To outline the consequences of climate change(D) To persuade the audience to use public transportation2. What is the main topic of the conversation?(A) A recent scientific discovery(B) The advantages of online shopping(C) The challenges of space exploration(D) The impact of technology on society3. According to the speaker, what is the most effective way to reduce stress?(A) Engaging in physical exercise(B) Practicing mindfulness meditation(C) Spending time with friends and family(D) Taking medication prescribed by a doctor4. What is the speaker's opinion about the use of social media?(A) It has a negative impact on mental health(B) It encourages meaningful social connections(C) It allows for easy communication with friends(D) It is a useful tool for promoting businesses5. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) The importance of learning a foreign language(B) The benefits of studying abroad(C) The challenges of adapting to a new culture(D) The opportunities available to exchange studentsSection 2: Questions 6-106. Why does the speaker recommend using environmentally-friendly products?7. How does the speaker suggest reducing energy consumption at home?8. According to the passage, what are the benefits of volunteering in the community?9. How does the speaker define the concept of sustainable living?10. What is the main message of the passage?Section 3: Questions 11-1511. Why does the speaker believe that exercise is essential for a healthy lifestyle?12. According to the passage, how can individuals reduce their carbon footprint?13. How does the speaker propose addressing the issue of air pollution in urban areas?14. What is the main topic of the conversation?15. What is the speaker's main recommendation for improving communication skills?Part B: Speaking SkillsTask 1: Describe a memorable holiday or vacation that you have experienced.Task 2: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Task 3: Share your opinion on the importance of protecting the environment.Task 4: Explain the impact of technology on modern society.Task 5: Present a solution to a common problem faced by young people today.Overall, this simulated test aims to assess students' listening comprehension and speaking skills in a variety of contexts. By practicing these questions, students can improve their ability to understand spoken English and express their ideas clearly and confidently.。
国际商务 Chap12 中文翻译
International Business
国际商务
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University
Shandong Economic University
Global Expansion, Profitability, And Profit Growth
公司可以经由在国际范围销售本土研发的货物或者服务来 增加成长 公司国际化扩展的成功取决于他们销售的产品或者服务， 以及他们的核心竞争力 (公司里那些其他公司无法轻易匹 敌或模仿的技术) 核心竞争力使得公司减少创造价值的成本和/或创造使得 公司可以获得更好出价的方式的价值
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-10
Strategic Positioning
Figure 12.3: Strategic Choice in the International Hotel Industry
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-12
Classroom Performance System
Which of the following is not an example of a primary activity? a) Logistics b) Marketing and sales c) Customer service d) Production
【C++PrimerPlus】编程练习答案——第12章
【C++PrimerPlus】编程练习答案——第12章 1// chapter12_1_cow.h234 #ifndef LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_1_COW_H5#define LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_1_COW_H67class Cow {8private:9char name_[20];10char * hobby_;11double weight_;12public:13 Cow();14 Cow(const char * name, const char * hobby, double weight);15 Cow(const Cow & c);16 ~Cow();17 Cow & operator=(const Cow & c);18void showcow() const;19 };202122#endif//LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_1_COW_H232425// chapter12_1_cow.cpp2627 #include "chapter12_1_cow.h"28 #include <cstring>29 #include <iostream>3031 Cow::Cow() {32 name_[0] = '\0';33 hobby_ = nullptr;34 weight_ = 0;35 }3637 Cow::Cow(const char * name, const char * hobby, double weight) {38 strcpy(name_, name);39 hobby_ = new char[strlen(hobby)];40 strcpy(hobby_, hobby);41 weight_ = weight;42 }4344 Cow::Cow(const Cow &c) {45 strcpy(name_, _);46if (!hobby_) delete [] hobby_;47 hobby_ = new char[strlen(c.hobby_)];48 strcpy(hobby_, c.hobby_);49 weight_ = c.weight_;50 }5152 Cow::~Cow() {53delete [] hobby_;54 }5556 Cow & Cow::operator=(const Cow & c) {57 strcpy(name_, _);58if (!hobby_) delete [] hobby_;59 hobby_ = new char[strlen(c.hobby_)];60 strcpy(hobby_, c.hobby_);61 weight_ = c.weight_;62return *this;63 }6465void Cow::showcow() const {66using namespace std;67 cout << "name: " << name_ << endl68 << "hobby: " << hobby_ << endl69 << "weight: " << weight_ << endl;70 }7172// run7374void ch12_1() {75 Cow a("nma", "tennis", 70);76 Cow b("nmb", "football", 65);77 a.showcow();78 b.showcow();79 b = a;80 b.showcow();81 Cow c(a);82 c.showcow();83 }// chapter12_2_string2.h#ifndef LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_2_STRING2_H#define LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_2_STRING2_H#include <iostream>using std::istream;using std::ostream;class string2 {private:char * str;int len;static int num_strings;static const int CINLIM = 80;public:string2();string2(const string2 & s);string2(const char * s);~string2();int length() const {return len;}int charnum(char ch) const; // dstring2 & stringlow(); // bstring2 & stringup(); // cstring2 & operator=(const string2 & s);string2 & operator=(const char * s);char & operator[](int i);const char & operator[](int i) const;friend bool operator<(const string2 & s1, const string2 & s2); friend bool operator>(const string2 & s1, const string2 & s2); friend bool operator==(const string2 & s1, const string2 & s2); friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const string2 & s); friend istream & operator>>(istream & is, string2 & s);friend string2 & operator+(string2 & s1, const string2 & s2); // a static int howmany();};#endif//LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_2_STRING2_H// chapter12_2_string2.cpp#include "chapter12_2_string2.h"#include <cstring>#include <cctype>int string2::num_strings = 0;string2::string2() {len = 4;str = new char[1];str[0] = '\0';++ num_strings;}string2::string2(const string2 &s) {len = s.length();str = new char[len + 1];std::strcpy(str, s.str);++ num_strings;}string2::string2(const char *s) {len = std::strlen(s);str = new char[len + 1];std::strcpy(str, s);++ num_strings;}string2::~string2() {delete [] str;-- num_strings;}string2 &string2::operator=(const string2 &s) {if (this == &s)return *this;delete [] str;len = s.length();str = new char[len + 1];std::strcpy(str, s.str);return *this;}string2 &string2::operator=(const char *s) {delete [] str;len = std::strlen(s);str = new char[len + 1];std::strcpy(str, s);return *this;}char &string2::operator[](int i) {return str[i];}const char &string2::operator[](int i) const {return str[i];}int string2::howmany() {return num_strings;}bool operator<(const string2 & s1, const string2 & s2) { return (std::strcmp(s1.str, s2.str) < 0);}bool operator>(const string2 & s1, const string2 & s2) { return s2 < s1;}bool operator==(const string2 & s1, const string2 & s2) { return (std::strcmp(s1.str, s2.str) == 0);}ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const string2 & s) { os << s.str;return os;}istream & operator>>(istream & is, string2 & s) {char temp[string2::CINLIM];is.get(temp, string2::CINLIM);if (is)s = temp;while (is && is.get() != '\n')continue;return is;}int string2::charnum(char ch) const {int i = 0, num = 0;while (str[i] != '\0') {if (str[i] == ch)++ num;++ i;}return num;}string2 &string2::stringlow() {int i = 0;while (str[i] != '\0') {if (std::isalpha(str[i]))str[i] = std::toupper(str[i]);++ i;}return *this;}string2 &string2::stringup() {int i = 0;while (str[i] != '\0') {if (std::isalpha(str[i]))str[i] = std::tolower(str[i]);++ i;}}string2 & operator+(string2 & s1, const string2 & s2) {char * temp = new char[s1.len];std::strcpy(temp, s1.str);delete [] s1.str;s1.str = new char[s1.len + s2.len + 1];s1.len += s2.len;std::strcpy(s1.str, temp);std::strcat(s1.str, s2.str);return s1;}// runvoid ch12_2() {using namespace std;string2 s1(" and I am a C++ student.");string2 s2 = "Please enter your name: ";string2 s3;cout << s2;cin >> s3;string2 t("My name is ");s2 = t + s3;cout << s2 << ".\n";s2 = s2 + s1;s2.stringup();cout << "The string\n" << s2 << "\ncontains " << s2.charnum('A')<< " 'A' characters in it.\n";s1 = "red";string2 rgb[3] = {string2(s1), string2("green"), string2("blue")};cout << "Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light: ";string2 ans;bool success = false;while (cin >> ans) {ans.stringlow();for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++ i) {if (ans == rgb[i]) {cout << "That's right!\n";success = true;break;}}if (success)break;elsecout << "Try again!\n";}cout << "Bye\n";}1// chapter12_3_stock.h234void ch12_2() {5using namespace std;6 string2 s1(" and I am a C++ student.");7 string2 s2 = "Please enter your name: ";8 string2 s3;9 cout << s2;10 cin >> s3;11 string2 t("My name is ");12 s2 = t + s3;13 cout << s2 << ".\n";14 s2 = s2 + s1;15 s2.stringup();16 cout << "The string\n" << s2 << "\ncontains " << s2.charnum('A')17 << " 'A' characters in it.\n";18 s1 = "red";19 string2 rgb[3] = {string2(s1), string2("green"), string2("blue")};20 cout << "Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light: ";21 string2 ans;22bool success = false;23while (cin >> ans) {24 ans.stringlow();25for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++ i) {26if (ans == rgb[i]) {27 cout << "That's right!\n";28 success = true;29break;30 }31 }32if (success)34else35 cout << "Try again!\n";36 }37 cout << "Bye\n";38 }394041// chapter12_3_stock.cpp4243 #include "chapter12_3_stock.h"4445 #include <iostream>46 #include <cstring>4748 stock::stock() {49 company = new char[8];50 len = 7;51 strcpy(company, "no name");52 shares = 0;53 share_val = 0.0;54 total_val = 0.0;55 }5657 stock::stock(const char * co, long n, double pr) {58 len = strlen(co);59 company = new char[len + 1];60 strcpy(company, co);61if (n < 0) {62 std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; "63 << company << " shares set to 0.\n";64 shares = 0;65 }66else67 shares = n;68 share_val = pr;69 set_tot();70 }7172 stock::~stock() {73delete [] company;74 }7576void stock::buy(long num, double price) {77if (num < 0) {78 std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be nagetive. "79 << "Transaction is aborted.\n";80 }81else {82 shares += num;83 share_val = price;84 set_tot();85 }86 }8788void stock::sell(long num, double price) {89using std::cout;90if (num < 0) {91 cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "92 << "Transaction is aborted.\n";93 }94else {95 shares -= num;96 share_val = price;97 set_tot();98 }99 }100101void stock::update(double price) {102 share_val = price;103 set_tot();104 }105106void stock::show() const {107using std::cout;108using std::ios_base;109 ios_base::fmtflags orig = cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); 110 std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);111 cout << "Company: " << company112 << " Shares: " << shares << '\n';113 cout << "Shares Prices: $" << share_val << '\n';114 cout.precision(2);115 cout << "Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';116 cout.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);117 cout.precision(prec);118 }119120const stock &stock::topval(const stock &s) const {121if (s.total_val > total_val)122return s;123return *this;124 }125126 std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream & os, const stock & s) { 127 os << "Company: " << pany128 << " Shares: " << s.shares << '\n';129 os << "Shares Prices: $" << s.share_val << '\n';130 os.precision(2);131 os << "Total Worth: $" << s.total_val << '\n';132 }133134135// run136137138139void ch12_3() {140using namespace std;141const int STKS = 4;142 stock ss[STKS] = {143 stock("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0),144 stock("Boffo Objects", 200, 2.0),145 stock("Monolithic Obelisks", 130, 3.25),146 stock("Fleep Enterprises", 60, 6.5)147 };148 cout << "Stock holdings: \n";149int st;150for (st = 0; st < STKS; ++ st)151 cout << ss[st];152const stock * top = &ss[0];153for (st = 1; st < STKS; ++ st)154 top = &top -> topval(ss[st]);155 cout << "\nMost valuable holding:\n";156 cout << *top;157 }1// chapter12_4_stack.h234 #ifndef LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_4_STACK_H5#define LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_4_STACK_H67 typedef unsigned long Item;89class Stack {10private:11enum {MAX = 10};12 Item * pitems;13int size;14int top;15public:16 Stack(int n = MAX);17 Stack(const Stack & st);18 ~Stack();19bool isempty() const;20bool isfull() const;21bool push(const Item & item);22bool pop(Item & item);23void show() const;24 Stack & operator=(const Stack & st);25 };2627282930#endif//LEARN_CPP_CHAPTER12_4_STACK_H3132// chapter12_4_stack.cpp3334 #include "chapter12_4_stack.h"35 #include <iostream>3637 Stack::Stack(int n) {38 pitems = new Item[n];39 size = n;40 top = 0;41 }4243 Stack::Stack(const Stack &st) {44 pitems = new Item[st.size];45 size = st.size;46 top = st.top;47for (int i = 0; i < st.top; ++ i)48 pitems[i] = st.pitems[i];49 }5051 Stack::~Stack() {52delete [] pitems;53 }5455bool Stack::isempty() const {56if (top == 0)57return true;58return false;59 }6061bool Stack::isfull() const {62if (top == size)63return true;64return false;65 }6667bool Stack::push(const Item &item) {68if (isfull())69return false;70 pitems[top ++] = item;71return true;72 }7374bool Stack::pop(Item &item) {75if (isempty())76return false;77 item = pitems[-- top];78return true;79 }8081 Stack &Stack::operator=(const Stack &st) { 82if (this == &st)83return *this;84if (pitems)85delete [] pitems;86 pitems = new Item[st.size];87 size = st.size;88 top = st.top;89for (int i = 0; i < st.top; ++ i)90 pitems[i] = st.pitems[i];91return *this;92 }9394void Stack::show() const {95using namespace std;96 cout << "Stack: ";97for (int i = 0; i < top; ++ i)98 cout << pitems[i] << "";99 cout << endl;100 }101102// run103104void ch12_4() {105 Stack s1(15);106 s1.show();107 s1.push(1234);s1.push(123);s1.push(12); 108 s1.show();109 Item t = 0;110 s1.pop(t);111 s1.show();112113 Stack s2(s1);114 s2.show();115 s2.push(12345);116 s2.show();117118 Stack s3 = s1;119 s3.show();120 s3.pop(t);121 s3.show();122 }// ch12_5&6// 待更新欢迎⼤家⼀起交流。
Thomas12e_Chapter12托马斯管理经济学章12
12-11
垄断厂商的需求和边际收益
市场需求曲线就是厂商的需求曲线 垄断厂商为卖出更多的产品必须降低价格
~ 除了销售的第一单位产品外，其他所有单位产品的 边际收益均小于价格
当MR 为正 (负), 需求是富有弹性 (缺乏弹性) 的 对于一个线性市场需求来说，垄断厂商的边际 收益也是线性的，其纵轴截距与需求曲线相同， 而斜率是它的2倍
12-4
市场力的度量
市场力的强弱与需求的价格弹性负相关
~ 企业的需求弹性越小，市场力就越大 ~ 企业产品的相近替代品越少，需求的弹性（绝对值） 就越小，企业的市场力就越大 ~ 完全弹性的需求（需求曲线为水平线）没有任何市 场力
© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
1-1
学习目标
（12.1） 定义市场力，描述如何用价格弹性、需求交叉 弹性和勒纳指数来度量市场力； （12.2） 解释对于长期中的市场力，为什么进入壁垒是 必要的，并讨论进入壁垒的主要类型； （12.3）求出垄断企业利润最大化的产量和价格； （12.4）求出垄断企业利润最大化的投入使用量； （12.5）求出在垄断竞争条件下，利润最大化的价格和 产量； （12.6） 利用经验估计或预测的需求、平均变动成本和 边际成本，来计算垄断企业或垄断竞争企业实现利润最 大化的产量和价格； （12.7） 在给定总产量的多工厂企业中，选择各工厂的 生产水平，使生产总成本最小化。
读后续写名著阅读计划《夏日友晴天》chapter12课件高三英语一轮复习
EXPRESSIONS
5.intensify: 加强，增强 - 原文句子：Like robots, the boys took the cups. With one sip of
the super-strong coffee, they perked right up. From that moment on, training intensified.
WORDS IN EXPRESSIONS
1.Shove（动词）: 释义：用力推，粗鲁地推搡。 常用词组搭配： shove aside: 将某物推到一边。 shove into: 将某物推入某处。 shove off: 意为离开或出发，通常用于非正式场合。 shove through: 强行推动，尤其指在拥挤或难以通过的情况下推动。 例句： He shoved the papers aside to make room for his laptop. She shoved the dirty clothes into the washing machine. Let's shove off and get going. They had to shove through the crowd to reach the exit.
WORDS IN EXPRESSIONS
6.Furiously（副词）: 释义：愤怒地，狂怒地，猛烈地。 常用词组搭配： angrily and furiously（愤怒并猛烈地） 近义词解读：angrily, fiercely, violently 例句： He was furiously typing an email to express his frustration. The wind was blowing furiously during the storm.
Business Communication Essentials 商业传意 Ch12
Amount of Content
Number of Slides
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 - 20
Comparing Slide Styles
More
Free-Form Slides
Less
Amount of Time
•Don’t Seek Perfection
•Prepare and Practice
•Visualize Success
•Take Deep Breaths
•Be Ready to Go
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 - 36
Transitions
Builds
Decorative Functional
Hyperlinks
Audio or Video
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 - 27
Summary of Discussion
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
•Create Interest
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 - 24
Charts and Tables
Simplify Minimize
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 12 - 25
Overcome Anxiety
•Get Comfortable
chapter12 维生素与辅酶
(6) 维生素B12及其辅酶
维生素B12又称为氰钴 胺素。维生素B12分子 中与Co+相连的CN基 被5’-脱氧腺苷所取代，
形成维生素B12辅酶： 5’-脱氧腺苷钴胺素。
维生素B12辅酶的主要 功能：分子内重排（作 为变位酶的辅酶），甲 基转移。
参与DNA合成:缺乏时 引起巨红细胞血症。
B 11-顺型视黄醇
C 全反型视黄醛
D 11-顺型视黄醛
E 以上均不是
*能促进红细胞发育和成熟的维生素是：
A 维生素B6
B 维生素B12 C 烟酸
含金属元素的维生素是：
D 叶酸
A VB1
B VB2
C VB6 D VC
结构中不含腺嘌呤残基成分的是
E VB12
A、FAD B、NAD+ C、NADP+ D、FMN
核黄素(维生素B2)由核糖醇和6，7-二甲基异咯嗪两 部分组成。
核黄素缺乏症：为口腔发炎，舌炎、角膜炎、皮炎等。
OHOHOH O
CH2CHCHCHCH2OPOH
NN
OH
CH3
CO
CH3
NH NC
O
(3)核黄素和 FAD和FMN
VB2活性形式：FAD(黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸) 和FMN(黄素单核苷酸)，
维生素B 族在生物体内通过构成辅酶而发 挥对物质代谢的作用 。
(1) 维B1和硫胺素焦磷酸
硫胺素(维生素B1)在体内以活性形式硫 胺素焦磷酸 (TPP) 存在。
主要功能：TPP参与酮基转移和-酮酸 的脱羧作用，为脱羧酶的辅酶。
缺乏症：脚气病。
维生素B1 硫胺素焦磷酸 (TPP)
S CH
(10) 维生素C
Algebra1中英版对照目录
分步和混合运算解一元一次方程 P92—P99 2—4：Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides
变量在两边的一元一次方程的解法 P100—P106 2—5：Solving for a Variable 求变量的值（一元一次）P107—P113
指数幂的乘法运算（同底数幂相乘和积的乘方运算）P460—P466 7—4：Division Properties of Exponents 指数幂的除法 P467—P474 Quiz for Lessons 7-1 through 7-4 第七章 1—4 课小测试 P474—P475 7—5：Polynomials 多项式 P476—P483 7—6：Adding and Subtracting Polynomials 多项式的加减运算 P484—P491 7—7：Multiplying Polynomials 多项式的乘法（单项式与多项式相乘、多项
Algebra 1 与中文数学课本内容在顺序上的对照
Algebra 1
中教数学
CHAPTER 0---- To The Student 0—1：Geometry Formulas
几何公式（s quare，rec tangle,triangle,c irc le）Z3— Z4 0—2：Tree Diagrams 树状图 Z4—Z6 0—3：The Coordinate Plane 直角坐标系 Z7—Z8 0—4：Rounding and Estimating 四舍五入 Z9—Z11 0—5：Adding and Subtracting Decimals 小数的加减运算 Z12—Z13 0—6：Multiplying and Dividing Decimals 小数的乘除运算 Z14—Z16 0—7：Prime and Composite Numbers 素数与合数 Z17—Z18 0—8：Factoring 因数 Z19—Z20 0—9：GCF and LCM 最大公约数和最小公倍数 Z21—Z22
2020-2021学年最新冀教版七年级英语上学期《一般过去时》语法专题训练及答案-精编试题
CHAPTER12 - 一般过去时一、按要求填空(单词类)（共27小题；共27分）1. be(过去分词)2. die(过去分词)3. pick(过去式)4. make(现在分词)5. report(过去式)6. use(现在分词)7. send: (过去式) 8. shine(过去式)9. keep(过去分词) 10. hate(过去式)11. man (复数) 12. happy(比较级):13. like(过去式) 14. true(反义词)15. foreign- （外语）16. Japan(日本人的)17. use(现在分词) 18. cloud(形容词) -19. rain (过去式) 20. bad(副词)21. careful(副词) 22. back(n.) -23. name(n.) - 24. water(n.) -25. watch(v.) - 26. own(pron.) -27. sure(adv.) -二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)（共7小题；共7分）28. Betty often (help) me out when we were middle school students.29. Tom was late. He (open) the door quietly, (move) in and (walk) quietly to his seat.30. I never (think) you arrived here on time.31. (can) you help me out?32. they (play) chess in the classroom yesterday?33. She (not visit) her aunt last Wednesday. She (stay) at home and (do) some cleaning.34. --- When you (buy) the jacket?--- I (buy) it two days ago.三、选词填空(单句选词填空)（共8小题；共8分）35. --- you at home last Sunday?--- No, I . I in the park with my family. (were/was/wasn't)36. --- the tickets expensive yesterday evening?--- No, they . And there many things to see. (were/weren't)37. --- (did/does) your brother come to school just now?--- Yes, he (did/does).38. --- (Was/Wasn't) Mr. Smith at school this morning?--- No, he (was/wasn't).39. My sister and my brother (are/were) at home last month. They went on a school trip.40. We all (have/had) a good time last night.41. --- Where did Toby go on vacation?--- He (go/went) to the mountains.42. I a small boy crying in the corner. He lost and I helped him his father at last. (find/was/found)四、按要求转换句型（共8小题；共16分）43. Lucy did her homework at home. (改为否定句)Lucy her homework at home.44. He found some meat in the fridge. (改为一般疑问句)45. She stayed there for a week. (对划线部分提问)she there?46. There were some oranges in the cup. (改为一般疑问句)there oranges in the cup?47. Amy took some photos at the zoo last Saturday. (改为否定句)Amy photos at the zoo last Saturday.48. He is writing a song on the computer now. (用last night改写句子)He on the computer last night.49. I arrived just a few minutes ago. (对划线部分提问)you arrive?50. Robert was a taxi-driver. (改为同义句)Robert a taxi-driver.五、选词填空(句子选词填空)（共5小题；共5分）51. --- I was late this morning.--- What time ?--- Half past nine.52. --- I took part in the table tennis match this afternoon.--- ?--- No, I lost.53. --- We came home by taxi.--- How much ?--- Eighty dollars.54. --- I was tired this morning.--- ?--- No, but I didn't sleep very well.55. --- We went to the beach yesterday.--- ?--- Yes, it was great.六、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)（共23小题；共23分）56. --- Who (wash) the plates on the table?--- Jenny did.57. The students (stop) talking when their teacher came in.58. Betty never (come) to school late when she was in middle school.59. My mother (buy) vegetables on her way home yesterday.60. Somebody (knock) at the door just now.61. --- he (fly) a kite last Sunday?--- Yes, he .62. Li Lei (join) the League in 2001.63. --- What she (find) in the garden last morning?--- She (find) a beautiful butterfly.64. It (be) Mary's birthday last Friday.65. At that time she (be) a beautiful young girl.66. Mike (lose) his little dog the day before yesterday.67. He (jump) high on last Sports Day.68. She likes newspapers, but she (read) a book yesterday.69. They (make) a card for their teacher a week ago.70. I want to apples. But my dad all of them last month. (pick)71. --- she (water) the flowers this morning?--- Yes, she .72. I don't have any pens. I think she (have) some.73. --- the man (open) the window?--- No, he isn't. He (close) the window.74. If it (not rain) next Sunday, we'll have a football match.75. I'm sorry (wake) you up.76. Would you please (not play) with the chalk?77. My parents are busy (get) ready for the visitors.78. I think you'd better (not go) out alone at night.七、单项选择（共30小题；共30分）79. --- When you your old friend?--- The day before yesterday.A. will; visitB. did; visitC. have; visitedD. are; visit80. --- How was your day off?--- Pretty good! We the history museum.A. visitB. visitedC. are visitingD. will visit81. He turned off the light and then the classroom.A. leavesB. will leaveC. is leavingD. left82. --- What does Linda often do in the evening?--- She often her homework, but on the evening of April 12 she TV.A. does; watchesB. is doing; watchesC. does; watchedD. is doing; was watching83. --- What beautiful flowers in the garden!--- Yeah! They here last year.A. plantedB. were plantedC. are plantedD. will be planted84. --- I hear that two children's fun parks last year in our city.--- I know, but I think two are not enough.A. builtB. was builtC. were builtD. is built85. The two good friends until Miss Wu came into the classroom.A. chatedB. chatC. are chattingD. chatted86. --- Where is the bird?--- It away a moment ago.A. is flyingB. flyedC. flewD. flies87. --- I'm sorry you have missed the bus. It five minutes ago.--- What a pity!A. was leavingB. has leftC. leftD. leaves88. All the students and their class teacher interested in the film they saw yesterday evening.A. isB. will beC. wasD. were89. David said he would stay here until his mother back.A. comesB. will comeC. cameD. would come90. The hero's story in Youth Daily.A. was reportedB. was reportingC. reportsD. reported91. --- When your mother you that blue dress, Mary?--- Sorry, I really can't remember.A. does; buyB. has; boughtC. had; boughtD. did; buy92. --- Hi, Jim! Nice to meet you!--- Hi, it's one year since I last you.A. sawB. seeC. seeingD. have seen93. He asked me .A. if he will comeB. how many books I want to haveC. they would help us do itD. what was wrong with me94. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. travelsB. traveledC. was travelingD. has traveled95. --- Hello, Jim.--- Hello, Tom. I you would come a little later.A. thinkB. thoughtC. have thoughtD. will think96. He be a hard worker. But now he playing computer games at home all dayand all night.A. was used to; is used toB. used to; used toC. was used to; used toD. used to; is used to97. --- you take a bus to school?--- Yes. But now I usually go to school on foot.A. Did; use toB. Were; used toC. Do; use toD. Did; used to98. I to meet you, but I you.A. went; hadn't seenB. did go; didn't seeC. had gone; didn't seeD. was going; hadn't seen99. --- Where were you last Saturday?--- I in the Capital Museum.A. amB. willC. wasD. have been100. I have been to Shanghai. I there last month.A. goB. wentC. have goneD. will go101. --- Hello, mum. Are you still on Lushan Mountain?--- Oh, no. We are back home. We a really good journey.A. haveB. hadC. are havingD. will have102. A new club in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.A. startsB. is startedC. has startedD. was started103. --- Oh, my God! I can't find my key to the office.--- Don't worry. Perhaps it at your home.A. leftB. has leftC. was leftD. had left104. --- Have you heard of Earth Day?--- Yes. The first Earth Day in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.A. celebratesB. celebratedC. is celebratedD. was celebrated105. --- Sam, what will the weather be like tomorrow?--- Sorry, Mum. I didn't watch the weather forecast just now. I a football match.A. was watchingB. am watchingC. would watchD. will watch106. --- Philip has gone to New Zealand.--- Oh, can you tell me ?A. when did he leaveB. when he is leavingC. when he leftD. when is he leaving107. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.A. have beenB. have goneC. will goD. went108. --- Frank, you look worried. Anything wrong?--- Well, I a test and I'm waiting for the result.A. will takeB. tookC. am takingD. take八、单句改错（共5小题；共5分）109. Look! The boys play football on the playground.110. The time passes quickly, so all of us went home.111. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the tallest building in NewYork.112. Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.113. I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I aminterested in football.九、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）My friend, David Smith, kept birds. One day he phoned and 114 me he would be away for a week. He asked me to feed the birds 115 him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox.Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds 116 the night before David was going to return. I rushed out of my house and it was already dark when I arrived at 117 house. I soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door 118 the back door! I kept 119 of what David would say when he came back.Then I noticed 120 one bedroom window was open. I found a big stone and pushed it under the window. 121 the stone was very heavy, I made a lot of noise. But in the end, I managed to climb up.I had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone 122 a torch(电筒) up at me. I looked down and saw 123 policeman and an old lady, one of David's neighbors. “What are you doing up there?”said the policeman. Feeling like a fool, I replied, “I was just going to feed Mr. Smith's birds.”114. A. tell B. tells C. told D. had told115. A. with B. to C. for D. at116. A. until B. before C. as D. since117. A. her B. his C. their D. our118. A. and B. but C. or D. nor119. A. to think B. think C. thinking D. thought120. A. how B. that C. what D. why 121. A. If B. Because C. When D. Whether 122. A. is shining B. was shone C. shines D. has shining 123. A. a B. the C. an D. /十、单项选择（共12小题；共12分）124. --- What do you think of the film Avatar?--- It's fantastic. The only pity is that I the beginning of it.A. missedB. was missingC. missD. will miss 125. --- How did the accident happen?--- You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .A. was; was rainingB. is; has rainedC. is; is rainingD. will be; will rain126. I a mistake. Please don't be angry with me.A. makeB. madeC. will makeD. had made 127. Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle him last month.A. givesB. gaveC. to giveD. has given 128. Last Sunday my aunt at home with me. We were watching TV all day.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are 129. There a big cake and many candies at the party yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are 130. Tina and her parents to England for sightseeing last summer.A. goB. wentC. will goD. have gone 131. --- How was your day off?--- Pretty good! I the science museum with my classmates.A. visitB. visitedC. am visitingD. will visit 132. --- When Jessy to New York?--- Yesterday.A. does; getB. did; getC. has; gotD. had; got133. I the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser?A. writeB. wroteC. am writingD. will write134. --- How was your trip to the ancient village?--- Fantastic! We to a museum of strange stones.A. goB. wentC. are goingD. will go135. Hello! I'm very glad to see you. When you here?A. did; arriveB. will; arriveC. have; arrivedD. are; arriving十一、适当形式填空(短文适当形式)（共12小题；共12分）Last Tuesday Lisa 136. (fly) from London to Madrid. She 137. (get) up at six 'clock in the morning and 138. (have) a cup of coffee. At 6:30 she 139. (leave) home and 140. (drive) to the airport. When she 141. (arrive), she parked the car and then 142. (go) to the airport cafe where she 143. (have) breakfast. Then she 144. (go) through the passport control and 145. (wait) for her flight. The plane departed on time and 146. (arrive) in Madrid two hours later. Finally she 147. (take) a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the center of Madrid.答案一、按要求填空(单词类)1. been2. died3. picked4. making5. reported6. using7. sent8. shone9. kept 10. hated11. men 12. unhappy 13. liked 14. untrue 15. foreigner16. Japanese 17. using 18. cloudy 19. rainy 20. badly21. ( carefully ) 22. back 23. name 24. water 25. watch26. own 27. sure二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)28. helped 29. opened; moved; walked30. thought 31. Could/can32. Did; play 33. didn't visit; stayed; did34. did; buy; bought三、选词填空(单句选词填空)35. Were; wasn't; was 36. Were; weren't; were37. Did; did 38. Was; wasn't39. weren't 40. had41. went 42. found; was; (to) find四、按要求转换句型43. didn't do 44. Did he find any meat in the fridge?45. How long did; stay 46. Were; any47. didn't take any 48. wrote a song49. When did 50. used to be五、选词填空(句子选词填空)51. did you arrive 52. Did you win53. did it cost 54. Did you go to bed late55. Did you have a nice time六、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)56. washed 57. stopped 58. came 59. bought 60. knocked61. Did; fly; did 62. joined 63. did; find; found 64. was 65. was66. lost 67. jumped 68. reading; read 69. made 70. pick; picked71. Did; water; did 72. has 73. Is; opening; is closing 74. doesn't rain 75. to wake 76. not play77. getting 78. not go七、单项选择79. B 80. B 81. D 82. C 83. B 84. C 85. D 86. C 87. C 88. D 89. C 90. A 91. D 92. A 93. D 94. C 95. B 96. D 97. A 98. B 99. C 100. B101. B 102. D 103. C 104. D 105. A 106. C 107. D 108. B八、单句改错109. play改为are playing. 110. passes改为passed111. hurry改为hurried 112. it is the past改为it was in the past113. use 改为used九、完形填空114. C 115. C 116. A 117. B 118. D 119. C 120. B 121. B 122. D 123. A十、单项选择124. A 125. A 126. B 127. B 128. A 129. A 130. B 131. B 132. B 133. B 134. B 135. A 十一、适当形式填空(短文适当形式)136. flew 137. got 138. had 139. left 140. drove141. arrived 142. went 143. had 144. went 145. waited146. arrived 147. took。
科特勒市场营销第十二章习题与答案
Chapter 12 Marketing Channels: Delivering Customer Value1) Which of the following is NOT a typical supply chain member?A) resellersB) customersC) intermediariesD) government agenciesE) raw materials supplierAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 337Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-12) ________ the manufacturer or service provider is the set of firms that supply the raw materials, components, parts, information, finances, and expertise needed to create a product or service.A) Downstream fromB) Upstream fromC) Separated fromD) Congruous toE) Parallel withAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 337Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-13) Another term for the supply chain that suggests a sense and respond view of the market is________.A) supply and demand chainB) demand chainC) channel of distributionD) distribution channelE) physical distributionAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 338Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-14) A company's channel decisions directly affect every ________.A) channel memberB) marketing decisionC) customer's choicesD) employee in the channelE) competitor's actionsAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 339Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-15) Distribution channel decisions often involve ________ with other firms, particularly those that involve contracts or relationships with channel partners.A) short-term commitmentsB) long-term commitmentsC) major problemsD) financial lossesE) disagreementsAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 339Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-16) Joe Blanco, like other producers, has discovered that his intermediaries usually offer his firm more than it can achieve on its own. Which of the following is most likely an advantage that Joe creates by working with intermediaries?A) financial supportB) fast serviceC) scale of operationD) working relationships with foreign distributorsE) promotional assistanceAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 339Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-17) Intermediaries play an important role in matching ________.A) dealer with customerB) supply and demandC) product to regionD) manufacturer to productE) information and promotionAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 340Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-18) A distribution channel is more than a collection of firms connected by various flows; it is a(n) ________ in which people and companies interact to accomplish individual, company, and channel goals.A) added value chainB) complex behavioral systemC) corporate marketing systemD) vertical marketing systemE) multichannel systemAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 342AACSB: CommunicationSkill: ConceptObjective: 12-29) An advantage of a channel of distribution over selling direct to consumers is that each channel member plays a ________ in the channel.A) time-saving partB) specialized roleC) decisional roleD) informational roleE) disciplinary roleAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 342Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-210) A channel consisting of one or more independent producers, wholesalers, or retailers that seek to maximize their own profits even at the expense of profits for the channel as a whole is a(n) ________.A) vertical marketing systemB) conventional distribution channelC) independent channel allocationD) corporate VMSE) administered vertical marketing systemAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 344Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-211) A distinguishing feature of a contractual VMS is that coordination and conflict management among the independent members of the channel are attained through ________.A) agents and brokersB) working partnershipsC) limited liability incorporationD) contractual agreementsE) natural competitive forcesAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 345AACSB: CommunicationSkill: ConceptObjective: 12-212) The most common type of contractual agreement in business is the ________.A) franchise organizationB) vertical marketing systemC) conventional marketing channelD) corporate VMSE) administered VMSAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 345Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-213) Leadership in which type of marketing system is assumed not through common ownership or contractual ties but through the size and power of one or a few dominant channel members?A) horizontal marketing systemB) administered VMSC) corporate VMSD) multichannel distribution systemE) conventional marketing channelAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 345Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-214) As marketing manager for Globe Imports and Exports, you want to start reaping the benefits ofa multichannel distribution system. You will likely enjoy all of the following EXCEPT which one?A) expanded salesB) expanded market coverageC) selling at a higher gross marginD) opportunities to tailor products and services to the needs of diverse segmentsE) A and CAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 346Skill: Concept15) Sometimes a producer chooses only a few dealers in a territory to distribute its products or services. Generally these dealers are given a right to ________ distribution.A) exclusiveB) selectiveC) intensiveD) administeredE) corporateAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 351Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-316) Channel members should be evaluated using all of the following criteria EXCEPT which one?A) economic factorsB) controlC) adaptive criteriaD) channel leadershipE) none of the aboveAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 351Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-317) Marketing channel management calls for selecting, managing, ________, and evaluating channel members over time.A) reducing conflictB) reducing wasteC) motivatingD) pruningE) all of the aboveAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 352Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-418) A company should think of its intermediaries as both its ________ and ________.A) competitors; partnersB) customers; partnersC) competitors; marketersD) customers; employeesE) competitors; customersAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 353Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-419) Exclusive dealing is legal as long as it does not ________ or tend to create a monopoly and as long as both parties enter into the agreement ________.A) substantially lessen competition; coercivelyB) restrict trade; for a causeC) substantially lessen competition; voluntarilyD) interfere with competitors; forcefullyE) create a smaller market; permanentlyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 356AACSB: Ethical ReasoningSkill: ConceptObjective: 12-420) Marketing logistics involves getting the right product to the right customer in the right place at the right time. Which one of the following is NOT included in this process?A) planning the physical flow of goods and servicesB) implementing the plan for the flow of goods and servicesC) controlling the physical flow of goods, services, and informationD) gathering customer's ideas for new productsE) A and CAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 356Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-521) The goal of marketing logistics should be to provide a ________ level of customer service at the least cost.A) maximumB) targetedC) moderateD) minimumE) competitiveAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 357Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-522) To reduce inventory management costs, many companies use a system called ________, which involves carrying only small inventories of parts or merchandise, often only enough for a few days of operation.A) reduction-inventory managementB) just-in-time logisticsC) limited inventory logisticsD) supply chain managementE) economic order quantityAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 359AACSB: Use of ITSkill: ConceptObjective: 12-523) Through the use of ________, or "smart tag" technology, a company is able to locate exactly where a product is within the supply chain.A) RFIDB) PRMC) VMSD) ITE) 3PLAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 359AACSB: Use of ITSkill: ConceptObjective: 12-524) Which of the following transportation modes is used for digital products?A) trucksB) railC) the InternetD) airE) shipAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 359AACSB: Use of ITSkill: ConceptObjective: 12-525) Joanie Calvert is experiencing a disagreement with intermediaries in the channel over who should do what and for what rewards. Joanie is experiencing ________.A) channel delusionB) channel conflictC) channel disintermediationD) channel mismanagementE) channel intermediationAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 342AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-226) Which of the following is an example of horizontal channel conflict?A) managers of two separate Holiday Inns disagreeing over what constitutes poor serviceB) United Airlines competing with Northwest Airlines for customersC) disgruntled factory workers complaining about a small pay raiseD) the BMW dealership in Fort Wayne complaining that the BMW dealership in Indianapolis is situated too closeE) A and DAnswer: EDiff: 3 Page Ref: 342AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-227) Which of the following is an example of a multichannel distribution system?A) Wal-Mart locating to several countriesB) J. C. Penney's catalog and retail store salesC) Avon's door-to-door distributionD) Starbuck's location inside of book storesE) a hotel providing guest privileges at a health spa across the streetAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 346AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-228) Chewing gum is stocked in many outlets in the same market or community; in fact, it is placed in as many outlets as possible. This is an example of ________ distribution.A) exclusiveB) selectiveC) multichannelD) intensiveE) disintermediatedAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 351AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-329) Which product(s) will most likely be intensively distributed?A) Olympus digital camerasB) BMW carsC) Guess blue jeansD) Coca ColaE) Nike running shoesAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 351AACSB: Analytic SkillsSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-330) Caterpillar, the famous heavy equipment manufacturer, has a reputation for working in harmony with its worldwide distribution network of independent dealers. Caterpillar has shared its successes with its dealers and protected its dealers during difficult economic times. This is an example of ________.A) intensive distributionB) integrated logistics managementC) disintermediationD) third-party logisticsE) partner relationship managementAnswer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 353AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-431) The term supply chain may be too limited because it takes a make-and-sell view of the business.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 338Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-132) Disintermediation as a trend is on the rise in U.S. business.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 347Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-333) Generally speaking, a company's marketing channel objectives are influenced by the level of customer service sought, the nature of the company, its products, its marketing intermediaries, its competitors, and the environment.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 350Skill: ConceptObjective: 12-334) Distribution systems are relatively consistent from county to country, making it easy for international marketers to design channels.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 352AACSB: Multicultural and DiversitySkill: ConceptObjective: 12-335) Distinguish between the three distribution strategies.Answer: Producers of convenience products and common raw materials typically seek intensive distribution as a strategy to stock their products in as many outlets as possible. The goods are available where and when consumers want them, such as chewing gum. Selective distribution is used when selling to more than one but fewer than all of the intermediaries who are willing to carry a company's products in a given market. Examples are name-brand blue jeans and computers. Exclusive distribution is used when the producer wants to stock its products with only one or a few dealers in an area. Examples are expensive cars and prestige clothing.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 351AACSB: Analytic SkillsSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-336) What is the role of marketing intermediaries?Answer: The role of marketing intermediaries is to transform the assortments of products made by producers into the assortments wanted by consumers.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 340AACSB: Analytic SkillsSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-137) Give an example of horizontal conflict.Answer: This type of conflict occurs among firms at the same level of the channel; an example would be two Chevrolet dealers in the St. Louis area that complain that each is being undercut by the other.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 342AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-238) How can a firm benefit from participating in a horizontal marketing system?Answer: Two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity; by working together, companies can combine their financial, production, or marketing resources to accomplish more than any one company could alone.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 345AACSB: Analytic SkillsSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-239) Give two examples of multichannel distribution systems.Answer: Students' answers will vary. Examples will include J. C. Penney's catalog distribution option and the retail store locations as well as Avon's door-to-door distribution andover-the-counter distribution options.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 346AACSB: Reflective ThinkingSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-240) Explain why a firm's suppliers tap into the firm's inventory levels with a vendor-managed inventory system (VMI).Answer: Some suppliers might actually be asked to generate orders and arrange deliveries for their customers, based on the customers' inventory levels; in these cases, the suppliers must know theircustomers' inventory levels.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 361AACSB: Analytic SkillsSkill: ApplicationObjective: 12-5477Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall。
怀尔德《会计学原理》Chapter-12
or $1,192.50 per bond, since the close yesterdaythe bondprice increased by$1.25.
Bond Rate Maturity Yield Volume Close Change
IBM
7%
25 5.9%
130 119.25 +1.25
Bond market values are expressed as a percent
of their par value.
McGraw-H i l l / I r w i n
Slide 3
Acompanyissuesbondsat par valueof$800,000, the bondshave a stated interestrate of9%withinterestpayableonJune 30thand December 31st. Thebondsare dated January1, 2009 andmature20 years lateronDecember 31, 2028. Onthe issuedate, we willdebit Cashandcredit
discountinthe sellingprice raises the effectiveinterestrate thatthe investorswillearnto 10%. Let’s look at the accountingfor these bonds.
percent oftheirpar value. Here is a typicalbondquote. TheIBMbondhas a statedinterestrate of7%, matures in2025, has a maturityof5.9%, 130 bondswere sold yesterdayfor a totaltrade at par of$130,000, eachbond issellingfor119.25%ofpar
英语十二章
英语十二章The Twelve Chapters of EnglishEnglish is a rich and complex language with a long history and a vast vocabulary. It is the most widely spoken language in the world and has become the global lingua franca for business, academia, and international communication. As a language learner, mastering English can be a daunting task, but it is also a rewarding journey. In this essay, we will explore the twelve key chapters that make up the story of the English language.Chapter 1: The Origins of EnglishThe English language has its roots in the Germanic tribes that settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. These tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, brought with them a West Germanic language that would eventually evolve into Old English. The earliest known writings in Old English date back to the 7th century and include works such as Beowulf, a heroic epic poem that provides a window into the language and culture of the time.Chapter 2: The Norman ConquestIn 1066, the Norman conquest of England by William the Conqueror had a profound impact on the English language. The influx of French vocabulary, grammar, and syntax transformed Old English into Middle English, a language that was more closely related to modern English. This linguistic shift was a reflection of the political and cultural changes that swept through England in the aftermath of the Norman conquest, as the ruling class became French-speaking and the English language was relegated to the lower classes.Chapter 3: The Rise of Standard EnglishAs the Middle English period progressed, regional dialects began to emerge, and the need for a standardized form of the language became increasingly apparent. This process was accelerated by the development of printing in the 15th century, which helped to disseminate written works and establish a more consistent orthography. The work of influential writers such as Geoffrey Chaucer and William Caxton played a crucial role in shaping the emergence of a standard form of English, which would eventually become the basis for the language we know today.Chapter 4: The Spread of EnglishThe expansion of the British Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries led to the global spread of the English language. As British colonistssettled in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of the world, they brought their language with them, leading to the development of distinct regional varieties of English. This diaspora of the language has contributed to its remarkable diversity and adaptability, as it has been shaped by the unique cultural and linguistic influences of each new location.Chapter 5: The Influence of TechnologyThe 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed a revolution in the way we communicate, with the rise of digital technologies and the internet. This technological revolution has had a profound impact on the English language, introducing new vocabulary, idioms, and modes of expression. From email and texting to social media and online gaming, the English language has had to adapt to the demands of these new modes of communication, leading to the emergence of a more informal, dynamic, and constantly evolving form of the language.Chapter 6: The Diversity of EnglishAs the English language has spread around the world, it has also diversified, giving rise to a multitude of regional and national varieties. From the distinctive accents and dialects of the United Kingdom to the unique lexical and grammatical features of Singaporean English or Indian English, the diversity of the English language is a testament to its adaptability and resilience. Thisdiversity is not only a source of richness and cultural expression but also a reflection of the global reach and influence of the language.Chapter 7: The Influence of Other LanguagesEnglish has not existed in a vacuum; it has been profoundly influenced by other languages throughout its history. From the Norman French influence on Middle English to the incorporation of words and concepts from languages as diverse as Hindi, Mandarin, and Spanish, the English language has been a melting pot of linguistic influences. This cross-pollination has contributed to the language's remarkable versatility and has made it a truly global means of communication.Chapter 8: The Challenges of English GrammarOne of the defining features of the English language is its complex and often idiosyncratic grammar. From the intricate rules of verb tenses to the nuances of preposition usage, mastering the grammar of English can be a daunting task for language learners. However, this grammatical complexity is also a source of the language's richness and expressive power, allowing for the articulation of subtle shades of meaning and the construction of intricate and sophisticated sentences.Chapter 9: The Beauty of English LiteratureThroughout its history, the English language has been the vehicle forsome of the most enduring and influential works of literature. From the timeless poetry of William Shakespeare to the profound philosophical musings of John Milton, the English language has been elevated to the heights of artistic expression. The beauty and power of the written word in English have not only shaped the cultural landscape but have also contributed to the language's global prestige and influence.Chapter 10: The Importance of English in EducationIn an increasingly globalized world, proficiency in English has become a crucial skill for academic and professional success. English is the predominant language of instruction in many universities and research institutions around the world, and a strong command of the language is often a prerequisite for admission and success in these settings. Moreover, the widespread use of English in international business, diplomacy, and scientific research has made it an essential tool for individuals seeking to participate in the global arena.Chapter 11: The Challenges of English PronunciationOne of the most daunting aspects of learning English is its complex and often unpredictable pronunciation. The language's rich history of borrowing words from other languages, as well as its numerous regional accents and dialects, have contributed to a pronunciation system that can be a source of frustration for language learners. However, the mastery of English pronunciation is a crucial skill, as itnot only facilitates effective communication but also enhances one's overall proficiency in the language.Chapter 12: The Future of the English LanguageAs the world continues to evolve, so too will the English language. The ongoing influence of technology, the increasing diversity of its speakers, and the changing cultural and social landscapes will all shape the future of this dynamic and ever-evolving language. While the core of the English language may remain relatively stable, its lexicon, grammar, and modes of expression are likely to continue to adapt and transform, reflecting the changing needs and preferences of its global community of users. The future of English is both exciting and uncertain, but one thing is clear: the language will endure as a powerful and essential tool for communication, education, and cultural exchange.。
《运营管理》课后习题答案
Chapter 02 - Competitiveness, Strategy, and Productivity3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)Week Output WorkerCost@$12x40OverheadCost @1.5MaterialCost@$6TotalCostMFP(2) ÷ (6)1 30,000 2,880 4,320 2,700 9,900 3.032 33,600 3,360 5,040 2,820 11,220 2.993 32,200 3,360 5,040 2,760 11,160 2.894 35,400 3,840 5,760 2,880 12,480 2.84*refer to solved problem #2Multifactor productivity dropped steadily from a high of 3.03 to about 2.84.4. a. Before: 80 ÷ 5 = 16 carts per worker per hour.After: 84 ÷ 4 = 21 carts per worker per hour.b. Before: ($10 x 5 = $50) + $40 = $90; hence 80 ÷ $90 = .89 carts/$1.After: ($10 x 4 = $40) + $50 = $90; hence 84 ÷ $90 = .93 carts/$1.c. Labor productivity increased by 31.25% ((21-16)/16).Multifactor productivity increased by 4.5% ((.93-.89)/.89).*Machine ProductivityBefore: 80 ÷ 40 = 2 carts/$1.After: 84 ÷ 50 = 1.68 carts/$1.Productivity increased by -16% ((1.68-2)/2)Chapter 03 - Product and Service Design6. Steps for Making Cash Withdrawal from an ATM1. Insert Card: Magnetic Strip Should be Facing Down2. Watch Screen for Instructions3. Select Transaction Options:1) Deposit2) Withdrawal3) Transfer4) Other4. Enter Information:1) PIN Number2) Select a Transaction and Account3) Enter Amount of Transaction5. Deposit/Withdrawal: 1) Deposit —place in an envelope (which you’ll find near or in the ATM) andinsert it into the deposit slot2) Withdrawal —lift the “Withdrawal Door,” being careful to remove all cash6. Remove card and receipt (which serves as the transaction record)8.Chapter 04 - Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services2. %80capacityEf f ective outputActual Ef f iciency ==Actual output = .8 (Effective capacity) Effective capacity = .5 (Design capacity) Actual output = (.5)(.8)(Effective capacity) Actual output = (.4)(Design capacity) Actual output = 8 jobs Utilization = .4capacityDesign outputActual =n Utilizatiojobs 204.8capacity Ef f ective output Actual Capacity Design ===10. a. Given: 10 hrs. or 600 min. of operating time per day.250 days x 600 min. = 150,000 min. per year operating time.Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson3 / 22Total processing time by machineProductABC 1 48,000 64,000 32,000 2 48,000 48,000 36,000 3 30,000 36,000 24,000 460,000 60,000 30,000 Total 186,000208,000122,000machine181.000,150000,122machine 238.1000,150000,208machine224.1000,150000,186≈==≈==≈==C B A N N NYou would have to buy two “A” machines at a total cost of $80,000, or two “B” machines at a total cost of $60,000, or one “C” machine at $80,000.b.Total cost for each type of machine:A (2): 186,000 min ÷ 60 = 3,100 hrs. x $10 = $31,000 + $80,000 = $111,000B (2) : 208,000 ÷ 60 = 3,466.67 hrs. x $11 = $38,133 + $60,000 = $98,133 C(1): 122,000 ÷ 60 = 2,033.33 hrs. x $12 = $24,400 + $80,000 = $104,400Buy 2 Bs —these have the lowest total cost.Chapter 05 - Process Selection and Facility Layout3.Desired output = 4Operating time = 56 minutesunit per minutes 14hourper units 4hourper minutes 65output Desired time Operating CT ===Task # of Following tasksPositional WeightA 4 23B 3 20C 2 18D 3 25E 2 18F 4 29G 3 24H 1 14 I5a. First rule: most followers. Second rule: largest positional weight.Assembly Line Balancing Table (CT = 14)Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson5 / 22b. First rule: Largest positional weight.Assembly Line Balancing Table (CT = 14)c. %36.805645stations of no. x CT time Total Ef f iciency ===4. a. l.2. Minimum Ct = 1.3 minutesTask Following tasksa 4b 3c 3d 2e 3f 2g 1h3. percent 54.11)3.1(46.CT x N time)(idle percent Idle ==∑=4. 420 min./day 323.1 ( 323)/1.3 min./OT Output rounds to copiers day CT cycle=== b. 1. inutes m 3.224.6N time Total CT ,6.4 time Total ==== 2. Assign a, b, c, d, and e to station 1: 2.3 minutes [no idle time]Assign f, g, and h to station 2: 2.3 minutes3. 420182.6 copiers /2.3OT Output day CT ===4.420 min./dayMaximum Ct is 4.6. Output 91.30 copiers /4.6 min./day cycle==7.Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson7 / 22Chapter 06 - Work Design and Measurement3.Element PR OT NT AF job ST1 .90.46.414 1.15 .4762 .85 1.505 1.280 1.15 1.4723 1.10.83.913 1.15 1.05041.00 1.16 1.160 1.15 1.334Total4.3328. A = 24 + 10 + 14 = 48 minutes per 4 hours.min 125.720.11x70.5ST .min 70.5)95(.6NT 20.24048A =-=====9. a. Element PR OT NT A ST1 1.10 1.19 1.309 1.15 1.5052 1.15 .83 .955 1.15 1.09831.05.56.588 1.15 .676b.01.A 00.2z 034.s 83.x ==== 222(.034)67.12~68.01(.83)zs n observations ax ⎛⎫⎛⎫===⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ c. e = .01 minutes 47 to round ,24.4601.)034(.2e zs n 22=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=Chapter 07- Location Planning and Analysis1. Factor Local bank Steel mill Food warehouse Public school1. Convenience forcustomers H L M–H M–H2. Attractiveness ofbuilding H L M M–H3. Nearness to rawmaterials L H L M4. Large amounts ofpower L H L L5. Pollution controls L H L L6. Labor cost andavailability L M L L7. Transportationcosts L M–H M–H M8. Constructioncosts M H M M–HLocation (a) Location (b)4. Factor A B C Weight A B C1. Business Services 9 5 5 2/9 18/9 10/9 10/92. Community Services 7 6 7 1/9 7/9 6/9 7/93. Real Estate Cost 3 8 7 1/9 3/9 8/9 7/94. Construction Costs 5 6 5 2/9 10/9 12/9 10/95. Cost of Living 4 7 8 1/9 4/9 7/9 8/96. Taxes 5 5 5 1/9 5/9 5/9 4/97. Transportation 6 7 8 1/9 6/9 7/9 8/9Total 39 44 45 1.0 53/9 55/9 54/9 Each factor has a weight of 1/7.a. Composite Scores 39 44 45 7 7 7B orC is the best and A is least desirable.b. Business Services and Construction Costs both have a weight of 2/9; the other factors eachhave a weight of 1/9.5 x + 2 x + 2 x = 1 x = 1/9c. Composite ScoresA B C 53/9 55/9 54/9B is the best followed byC and then A.Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson9 / 225. Location x yA3 7 B 8 2 C4 6 D4 1E 6 4 Totals 25 20-x = ∑x i = 25 = 5.0-y =∑y i = 20= 4.0n5n5Hence, the center of gravity is at (5,4) and therefore the optimal location.Chapter 08 - Management of Quality1.ChecksheetWork Type FrequencyLube and Oil 12 Brakes 7 Tires 6 Battery 4 Transmission1Total30ParetoLube & Oil BrakesTiresBatteryTrans.2 .The run charts seems to show a pattern of errors possibly linked to break times or the end of the shift. Perhaps workers are becoming fatigued. If so, perhaps two 10 minute breaks in the morning and again in the afternoon instead of one 20 minute break could reduce some errors. Also, errors are occurring during the last few minutes before noon and the end of the shift, and those periods should also b e given management’s attention.4break lunch break3 2 1 0∙ ∙ ∙∙ ∙ ∙ ∙∙∙ ∙ ∙ ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ ∙∙∙ ∙∙ ∙ ∙∙ ∙ ∙∙∙Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson11 / 22Chapter 9 - Quality Control4. Sample Mean Range179.48 2.6 Mean Chart: =X ± A 2-R = 79.96 ± 0.58(1.87) 2 80.14 2.3 = 79.96 ± 1.083 80.14 1.2UCL = 81.04, LCL = 78.884 79.60 1.7 Range Chart: UCL = D 4-R = 2.11(1.87) = 3.95 5 80.02 2.0LCL = D 3-R = 0(1.87) = 0680.381.4[Both charts suggest the process is in control: Neither has any points outside the limits.]6. n = 200 Control Limits = np p p )1(2-±Thus, UCL is .0234 and LCL becomes 0.Since n = 200, the fraction represented by each data point is half the amount shown. E.g., 1 defective = .005, 2 defectives = .01, etc.Sample 10 is too large.7. 857.714110c == Control limits: 409.8857.7c 3c ±=± UCL is 16.266, LCL becomes 0.All values are within the limits.14. Let USL = Upper Specification Limit, LSL = Lower Specification Limit,= Process mean, σ = Process standard deviationFor process H:}{capablenot ,0.193.93.04.1 ,938.min 04.1)32)(.3(1516393.)32)(.3(1.14153<===-=σ-=-=σ-pk C X USL LSL X 0096.)200(1325==p 0138.0096.200)9904(.0096.20096.±=±=For process K:.1}17.1,0.1min{17.1)1)(3(335.3630.1)1)(3(30333===-=σ-=-=σ- C X USL LSL X pk Assuming the minimum acceptable pk C is 1.33, since 1.0 < 1.33, the process is not capable.For process T:33.1}33.1,67.1min{33.1)4.0)(3(5.181.20367.1)4.0)(3(5.165.183===-=σ-=-=σ- C X USL LSL X pk Since 1.33 = 1.33, the process is capable.Chapter 10 - Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling7. a. No backlogs are allowedPeriodForecast Output Regular Overtime Subcontract Output - Forecast Inventory Beginning Ending Average Backlog Costs: Regular Overtime Subcontract Inventory TotalSolutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson13 / 22b.Level strategyPeriodForecast Output Regular Overtime Subcontract Output - Forecast Inventory Beginning Ending Average Backlog Costs: Regular Overtime Subcontract Inventory Backlog Total8.Period Forecast Output Regular Overtime Subcontract Output- Forecast Inventory Beginning Ending Average Backlog Costs: Regular Overtime Subcontract Inventory Backlog TotalChapter 11 - MRP and ERP1. a. F: 2G: 1H: 1J: 2 x 2 = 4 L: 1 x 2 = 2 A: 1 x 4 = 4 D: 2 x 4 = 8 J: 1 x 2 = 2 D: 1 x 2 = 2Totals: F = 2; G = 1; H = 1; J = 6; D = 10; L = 2; A = 44. Master ScheduleSolutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson10. Week 1 2 3 4Material 40 80 60 70Week 1 2 3 4Labor hr. 160 320 240 280Mach. hr. 120 240 180 210a. Capacity utilizationWeek 1 2 3 4Labor 53.3% 106.7% 80% 93.3%Machine 60% 120% 90% 105%b. C apacity utilization exceeds 100% for both labor and machine in week 2, and formachine alone in week 4.Production could be shifted to earlier or later weeks in which capacity isunderutilized. Shifting to an earlier week would result in added carrying costs;shifting to later weeks would mean backorder costs.Another option would be to work overtime. Labor cost would increase due toovertime premium, a probable decrease in productivity, and possible increase inaccidents.15 / 22Chapter 12 - Inventory Management2.The following table contains figures on the monthly volume and unit costs for a random sample of 16 items for a list of 2,000 inventory items.a. See table.b. To allocate control efforts.c. It might be important for some reason other than dollar usage, such as cost of astockout, usage highly correlated to an A item, etc.3. D = 1,215 bags/yr. S = $10 H = $75a. bags HDS Q 187510)215,1(22===b. Q/2 = 18/2 = 9 bagsc.orders ordersbags bags Q D 5.67/ 18 215,1== d . S QD H 2/Q TC +=Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson17 / 22350,1$675675)10(18215,1)75(218=+=+=e. Assuming that holding cost per bag increases by $9/bag/yearQ ==84)10)(215,1(217 bags71.428,1$71.714714)10(17215,1)84(217=+=+=TCIncrease by [$1,428.71 – $1,350] = $78.714.D = 40/day x 260 days/yr. = 10,400 packagesS = $60 H = $30a. oxes b 20496.2033060)400,10(2H DS 2Q 0====b. S QD H 2Q TC +=82.118,6$82.058,3060,3)60(204400,10)30(2204=+=+=c. Yesd. )60(200400,10)30(2200TC 200+=TC 200 = 3,000 + 3,120 = $6,1206,120 – 6,118.82 (only $1.18 higher than with EOQ, so 200 is acceptable.)7.H = $2/month S = $55D 1 = 100/month (months 1–6)D 2 = 150/month (months 7–12)a. 16.74255)100(2Q :D H DS2Q 010===83.90255)150(2Q :D 02==b. The EOQ model requires this.c. Discount of $10/order is equivalent to S – 10 = $45 (revised ordering cost)1–6 TC74 = $148.32180$)45(150100)2(2150TC 145$)45(100100)2(2100TC *140$)45(50100)2(250TC 15010050=+==+==+=7–12 TC 91 =$181.66195$)45(150150)2(2150TC *5.167$)45(100150)2(2100TC 185$)45(50150)2(250TC 15010050=+==+==+=10. p = 50/ton/day u = 20 tons/day200 days/yr.S = $100 H = $5/ton per yr.a. bags] [10,328 tons 40.5162050505100)000,4(2u p p H DS 2Q 0=-=-=b. ]bags 8.196,6 .approx [ tons 84.309)30(504.516)u p (P Q I max ==-=Average is92.154248.309:2I max =tons [approx. 3,098 bags] c. Run length =days 33.10504.516P Q == d. Runs per year = 8] approx.[ 7.754.516000,4QD == e. Q ' = 258.2TC =S QD H 2I max + TC orig. = $1,549.00 TC rev. = $ 774.50Savings would be $774.50D= 20 tons/day x 200 days/yr. = 4,000 tons/yr.Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson19 / 2215. RangeP H Q D = 4,900 seats/yr. 0–999 $5.00 $2.00 495 H = .4P 1,000–3,999 4.95 1.98 497 NF S = $50 4,000–5,999 4.90 1.96 500 NF 6,000+ 4.85 1.94503 NFCompare TC 495 with TC for all lower price breaks:TC 495 = 495 ($2) + 4,900($50) + $5.00(4,900) = $25,4902 495 TC 1,000 = 1,000 ($1.98) + 4,900($50) + $4.95(4,900) = $25,4902 1,000 TC 4,000 = 4,000 ($1.96) + 4,900($50) + $4.90(4,900) = $27,9912 4,000 TC 6,000 = 6,000 ($1.94) + 4,900($50) + $4.85(4,900) = $29,6262 6,000Hence, one would be indifferent between 495 or 1,000 units22. d = 30 gal./day ROP = 170 gal. LT = 4 days,ss = Z σd LT = 50 galRisk = 9% Z = 1.34 Solving, σd LT = 37.31 3% Z = 1.88, ss=1.88 x 37.31 = 70.14 gal.Chapter 13 - JIT and Lean Operations1. N = ?N = DT(1 + X)D = 80 pieces per hourC T = 75 min. = 1.25 hr. = 80(1.25) (1.35)= 3C = 45 45X = .35QuantityTC4. The smallest daily quantity evenly divisible into all four quantities is 3. Therefore, usethree cycles.Product Daily quantity Units per cycleA 21 21/3 = 7B 12 12/3 = 4C 3 3/3 = 1D 15 15/3 = 55.a. Cycle 1 2 3 4A 6 6 5 5B 3 3 3 3C 1 1 1 1D 4 4 5 5E 2 2 2 2 b. Cycle 1 2A 11 11B 6 6C 2 2D 8 8E 4 4c. 4 cycles = lower inventory, more flexibility2 cycles = fewer changeovers7. Net available time = 480 – 75 = 405. Takt time = 405/300 units per day = 1.35 minutes. Chapter 15 - Scheduling6. a. FCFS: A–B–C–DSPT: D–C–B–AEDD: C–B–D–ACR: A–C–D–BFCFS: Job time Flow time Due date DaysJob (days) (days) (days) tardyA 14 14 20 0B 10 24 16 8C 7 31 15 16D 6 37 17 2037 106 44Solutions_Problems_OM_11e_Stevenson21 / 22SPT: Job time Flow time Due date Days Job (days) (days) (days) tardy D 6 6 17 0 C 7 13 15 0 B 10 23 16 7 A 14 37 20 17377924EDD:Job D has the lowest critical ratio therefore it is scheduled next and completed on day 27.b.ardi Flow time Average flow time Number of jobsDays tardy Average job t ness Number of jobs Flow timeAverage number of jobs at the center Makespan==∑=FCFS SPT EDD CR26.50 19.75 21.00 24.75 11.0 6.00 6.00 9.252.86 2.142.272.67c. SPT is superior.9.Thus, the sequence is b-a-g-e-f-d-c.。
信息系统Information Systems “课程资料 4
4. Implementation
• Making chosen alternative work and continuing to monitor how well solution is working
12.7
© 2010 by Prentice Hall
• E.g., Why is order fulfillment report showing decline in Minneapolis?
• Operational managers, rank and file employees
• Make more structured decisions • E.g., Does customer meet criteria for credit?
• Mintzberg’s behavioral model of managers defines 10 managerial roles falling into 3 categories
12.9
© 2010 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems
• Problem: Outdated, manual management reporting, data difficult to access, scattered in disparate sources
• Solutions: Business intelligence software to extract, consolidate, analyze sales and merchandising data; wikis and blogs
天津大学物理化学第五版-第十二章-胶体化学
van der Waals 吸引力：EA -1/x2 双电层引起的静电斥力：ER ae-x
总作用势能：E = ER + EA
EA曲线的形状由粒子本
性决定，不受电解质影响；
ER曲线的形状、位置强
烈地受电解质浓度的影响。
ER 势 能
E
n : 分散相的折射率； n0：分散介质的折射率；
：散射角；
l : 观测距离
I＝ 9 2V 2C 2 4 l 2
n 2 n02 n2 2n02
2
1 cos 2
I0
由 Rayleigh 公式可知：
1) I V 2
可用来鉴别小分子真溶液与胶体溶液；
如已知 n 、n0 ，可测 I 求粒子大小V 。
2. 憎液溶胶的聚沉 溶胶粒子合并、长大，进而发生沉淀的现
象，称为聚沉。
(1) 电解质的聚沉作用 聚沉值使溶胶发生明显的聚沉所需电解质的最小浓度 聚沉能力聚沉值的倒数
EA 曲线的形状由粒子本性决定，不受电解质影响； ER 曲线的形状、位置强烈地受电解质浓度的影响。
电解质浓度与价数增加，使胶体粒子间势垒的高度 与位置发生变化。
分散系统：一种或几种物质分散在另一种物质之中
分散相：被分散的物质 （dispersed phase） 分散介质：另一种连续分布的物质
medium)
（dispersing
分子分散系统
胶体分散系统
粗分散系统
例如：云，牛奶，珍珠
按分散相粒子的大小分类
类型
粒子大小
特性
举例
低分子溶 液(分子分
散系统)
<1nm
大学物理：Chapter 12-4 谐振动的合成
(3)第二种简正振动模式，两振子以相同的频率 2 振动时，
振幅相等、相位相反，如图所示。
k0
k
k0
m1
m2
O1 x
-x O2
(4) 只有在一定条件下，耦合振子才作简正振动.
(5) 一般情况下耦合振子的运动是两简谐振动的叠加，即
x1 A1 cos(1t 1) A2 cos(2t 2 ) x2 A1 cos(1t 1) A2 cos(2t 2 )
x
A
cos(t
)
a
sin n
2
sin
cos[t
(n
1)
2
]
2
➢ 讨论:
极大值: 2k π
A na
极小值: 2k ' π，k ' nk
C nε
n
Rε
A ε
A0
次极大: … …
π n 22
Oa
ε
ε ε
Px
本例题结果在研究光的衍射问题中有非常重要的应用！
12.4.2
拍
分振动 : x1 A1 cosω1 t x2 A2 cosω2t
➢ 结论：合振动 x 不再是简谐振动, 合振动振幅的频率为
(ω2 ω1) T 2π
v
2 1 2
v2
v1
振幅相同频率不同的简谐振动的合成
分振动 :
x1 Acos1t x2 Acos2t
合振动 :
x x1 x2 Acos1t Acos2t
2Acos( 2 1)t cos( 2 1)t
x y 0 A1 A2
x2 A12
y2 A22
1
注意：质点运动 轨迹的顺序
或
x2 A12
第十二章：统筹方法PPT课件
4
计划网络图
例1、某公司研制新产品的部分工序与所需时间以及它们之间 的相互关系都显示在其工序进度表如表12-1所示，请画出其统 筹方法网络图。
表12-1
工序代号
a b c d e
工序内容
产品设计与工艺设计 外购配套零件 外购生产原料 自制主件
主配可靠性试验
所需时间（天) 60 15 13 38 8
• 虚工序：虚工序是为了表达相邻工序之间的逻辑关系而虚设的工 序。不消耗时间、费用和资源，一般用虚箭线表示。
• 方向的规定：网络图是有方向的，工序应按工艺流程顺序或工作 的逻辑关系从左向右排列。
• 编号的规定：编号应从始结点开始，按照时序依次从小到大对结 点编号，直到终结点。 编号时不允许箭头编号小于箭尾编号。
7
计划网络图
解：我们把工序ｆ扩充到图12-1发生了问题，由于ｄ是ｆ的紧前
工序，故ｄ的结束应该是ｆ的开始，所以代表ｆ的弧的起点应该 是④，由于工序ｂ的结束也是④，所以工序ｂ也成了工序ｆ的紧 前工序，与题意不符。
为此我们设立虚工序。虚工序是实际上并不存在而虚设的工
序，用来表示相邻工序的衔接关系，不需要人力、物力等资源与
。 ▪ 这些技术方法均以网络描述工序及工序之间的关系。
2
计划网络图
统筹方法包括绘制计划网络图、进度安排、网络优化等 环节，下面进行分别讨论：
一、计划网络图
统筹方法的第一步工作就是绘制计划网络图，也就是将 工序（或称为活动）进度表转换为统筹方法的网络图。 工序
•一项需要人力、物力或时间等资源的相对独立的活动 过程，又称作业， •在网络图中用箭线“→” 表示， •与某道工序前面直接相连的工序称为紧前工序， •其后直接相连的后继工序为紧后工序。
国际经济学第七课2019-精选
12-10
Fig. 12-2: U.S. Current Account and Net Foreign Wealth, 1976–2019
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, June 2019 release
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
12-13
How Is the Current Account Related to National Saving? (cont.)
CA = S – I
or
I = S – CA
• Gross domestic product measures the final value of all goods and services that are produced within a country in a given time period.
• GDP = GNP – payments from foreign countries for factors of production + payments to foreign countries for factors of production
goods and services 4. Current account balance (exports minus imports): net
expenditure by foreigners on domestic goods and services
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.