主动形式,被动概念

主动形式表示被动含义的情况

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。

（1） 形容词worth 后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。

be worth doing= be worthy to be done = be worthy of being done

The book is well worth reading.

(2)在表示（某物）需要的need, want, require 等后的动名词，用主动形式表示被动 sb./sth wants(needs/requires) doing = sb/sth wants(needs/requires) to be done

The baby wants looking after.= The baby wants to be looked after. 孩子需要照顾 The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。

Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。

The story requires reading carefully. 这篇故事需要仔细阅读。

(3)lock, open, close, read, write, wash, wear, sell, translate 等动词，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely 等副词连用。例如：

This kind of cloth washes very well.

This book sells well.

The sign reads as follows. The dress wears very well.

This essay doesn ’t translate well. 这篇文章不好译。

(暗指这篇文章本身不好翻译)

This essay wasn ’t translated well. 这篇文章译得不好.

(侧重于动作translate译得不好,而不管文章本身)

(4) 某些表示状态特征的系动词feel/look/taste/smell/sound/prove…，表示“…”起来常用主动形式表示被动意义。

The glass feels cool. 玻璃摸起来凉快。

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布料摸起来很软。

The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美。

The cake smells nice. 这蛋糕闻起来香。

The meat tastes terrible. 这肉尝起来变味了。

(5) 形容词+不定式，不定式习惯上用主动形式。

作表语的形容词之后的不定式作状语时，或宾语补足语的结构中，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。如

easy/ hard/ difficult/ heavy/ light/ comfortable/ dangerous/fit/impossible/important +不定式，句子的主语或宾语为不定式动作所涉及的对象（不定式的逻辑宾语时）。The maths problem is hard to work out. 这道数学题很难做。

The chair is very comfortable to sit on .这椅子坐上去很舒服。

I find the water fit to drink.

(6) 表示“发生、持续，称重，测量的不及物动词和状态动词，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, measure, weigh等虽然汉语有被动意义，但英语要用主动形式。

How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何出版的呢？

The pigs weighs 200 kilogrammes. 猪有200公斤重。

(7).在have, there be., with后的名词后面的不定式表示“有…要…”，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与

I是主谓关系。)

试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者

I have many things to do.(√)

I have many things to be done(×)

His mother bought him a bike to ride. (√)

His mother bought him a bike to be ridden. (×)

Is there anything else to do?

（8）不定式to blame, to let 等作表语时，用主动表示被动。

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

请做下面的单项选择题

1．The new books are of great use. They _______ well and ___________ already.

A. sell; have been sold out

B. sold; had sold out

C. sell; sell out

D. sol have sold out

2. The 2008 Olympic Games ________ in Beijing, the capital of China.

A. will be taken place

B. will have been held

C. will hold

D. will be held

3. There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles,________ every way round and the town in the center.

A. measure

B. measuring

C. to measure

D. being measured

4. There are pairs ________, but I`m at a loss which to buy.

A. to be chosen

B. to choose

C. chosen

D. for choosing

5. Many foreigners think that Chinese is too difficult _________.

A. to learn

B. learning

C. to be learned

D. learned

6. The child needs _________ to school and ____________