91宏观经济学及习题第4章PPT课件

1.9
2.0
Observations •1870: Australia had the highest per capital real GDP and Japan the lowest •2000 real per capita GDP in Japan exceeded Australia •Note the difference in the growth rate of 1.1% for Australia and 2.5% for Japan
2.6
4.9United Kindom 3,892 5,976 8,709 16,557 26,852
1.5
2.1
United States 2,887 6,852 12,110 22,835 35,488
1.9
2.0
Real GDP per Person in Five Industrialized Countries, 1870 - 2003
Australia
5,626 7,385 9,561 18,033 24,708
1.1
1.9
Canada
2,447 5,791 9,362 20,899 26,604
1.8
2.1
France
2,249 4,401 6,049 17,801 22,447
1.8
2.6
Germany
1,205 2,320 5,005 18,014 23,247
Real GDP per Person In Selected Countries, 1870-2003 (in 2000 U.S. Dollars)
Country
1870
1913
1950
1979
2003
Annual % Annual % change change
2.3
3.1
Italy
2,248 3,167 4,042 13,331 21,930
1.8
3.4
Japan
963 1,825 2,216 16,899 24,772
2.5
4.8
United Kingdom 3,500 5,374 7,832 14,889 21,142
1.4
2.0
United States 2,843 6,745 11,921 22,480 32,629
Real GDP per Person In Selected Countries, 1870-2000 (in 1995 U.S. Dollars)
Country
1870
1913
1950
1979
2000
Annual % Annual % change change
1870-2000 1950-2000
Ⅰ.the remarkable rise in
living standards: the record
• Compound interest • Why nations become rich: the crucial role
of average labor productivity
Real GDP per Person In Selected Countries, 1870-2003 (in 2000 U.S. Dollars)
Introduction
• “Which would you rather be? An ordinary, middleclass American living today, or the richest person in America at the time of George Washington?”
Economic Growth, Productivity, and Living Standards
Important Concepts
• Compound interest 复利 • Diminishing returns to capital 资本收益递
减 • Entrepreneur 企业家
Observation
The variety, quality, and quantity of goods and services increased enormously during the 19th and 20th centuries, as reflected in real per capita GDP.
Country
1870
1913
1950
1979
2003
Annual % Annual % change change
1870-2003 1950-2003
Australia
5,512 7,236 9,369 17,670 28,312
1.2
2.1
Canada
2,328 5,509 8,906 19,882 29,201
Chapter outline
• The sources of economic growth and rising living standards in the modern world
• Analyze each of there factors and discuss its implications for government policies to promote growth
• You can think of enormous change in the way average people live
• These changes are due in large part to scientific advances.
• New scientific knowledge leads to widespread improvements in living standards only when it is commercially applied
1.9
2.3
France
2,291 4,484 6,164 18,138 26,176
1.8
2.8
Germany
1,152 2,218 4,785 17,222 25,271
2.3
3.2
Italy
2,852 4,018 5,128 16,912 25,458
1.7
3.1
Japan
931 1,763 2,141 16,329 26,636