Zonta-Fistula-ProjectA
湖南省爬行动物新纪录———华西腹链蛇及其系统发育分析
1909年,Boulenger [1]发现棕黑腹链蛇(Am-phiesma sauteri )。
1962年,Malnate [2]厘定了棕黑腹DOI:10.16605/ki.1007-7847.2023.07.0177湖南省爬行动物新纪录———华西腹链蛇及其系统发育分析收稿日期:2023-07-21;修回日期:2023-10-01;网络首发日期:2024-01-22基金项目:湖南高望界国家级自然保护区陆生脊椎动物调查与小灵猫种群监测与研究(GWJ202301);湖南省古丈县域生物多样性调查与研究(GZ202201)作者简介:黄杰(2001—),男,湖南邵阳人,学生,E-mail:*****************;*通信作者:吴涛(1992—),男,苗族,湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州人,讲师,主要从事动物分类及行为生态研究,E-mail:****************;张佑祥(1966—),男,苗族,湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州人,副教授,主要从事动物学研究,E-mail:*****************。
黄杰1,张自亮2,李辉3,杨鑫宇1,胡小龙1,唐依萍1,刘昕1,刘慧1,张佑祥1*,吴涛1*(1.吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,中国湖南吉首416000;2.湖南高望界国家级自然保护区管理局,中国湖南湘西自治州416308;3.湖南师范大学生命科学学院脊椎动物学实验室,中国湖南长沙410081)摘要:2023年5月24日于湖南省高望界国家级自然保护区(28°41′36″N,110°09′30″E;212m)采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius )一雌性物种标本,经形态特征比较,符合华西腹链蛇(Hebius maximus )形态描述;基于线粒体cytb 基因构建的东亚腹链蛇属部分物种的贝叶斯系统发育树显示,该标本与华西腹链蛇(H.maximus )聚为一支,其遗传距离为1.7%~2.2%。
爱氏辐环藻锤状中鼓藻网纹盒形藻豪猪棘冠藻长环毛藻蛇目圆筛藻
爱氏辐环藻锤状中鼓藻网纹盒形藻豪猪棘冠藻长环毛藻蛇目圆筛藻爱氏辐环藻 Actinocyclus ehrenbergii Ralfs 六幅辐环藻 Actinocyclus octonarius EhrenbergActinocyclus roperii (de Brébisson) Grunow ex Van 洛氏辐环藻 Heurck 辐裥藻 Actinoptychus sp.三舌辐裥藻 Actinoptychus trilingulatus (Brightwell) Ralfs 茧形藻Amphiprora sp.细线条月形藻 Amphora lineolata Ehrenberg 细线条月形藻中国变种Amphora lineolata var. chinensis (Schmidt) Cleve 月形藻 Amphora sp.冰河拟星杆藻 Asterionella glacialis (Castracane) Round 美丽星脐藻Asteromphalus elegans Greville 星脐藻 Asteromphalus sp.派格辊形藻 Bacillaria paxil lifera (Müller) Hendey 丛毛辐杆藻Bacteriastrum comosum Pavillard 透明辐杆藻 Bacteriastrum hyalinum Lauder 锤状中鼓藻 Bellerochea malleus (Brightwell) van Heurck 网纹盒形藻Biddulphia reticulata Roper柏氏角管藻 Cerataulina bergoni Peragallo 海洋角管藻 Cerataulina pelagica (Cleve) Hendey 异常角毛藻 Chaetoceros abnormis Proschkina-Lavrenko 窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis (Lauder) Schutt 窄隙角毛藻Chaetoceros affinis Lauder威氏窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis var. willei (Gran) Hustedt 大西洋角毛藻那不勒斯Chaetoceros atlanticus var. neapolitana (Schroeder) 变种 Hustedt北方角毛藻 Chaetoceros borealis Bailey密聚角毛藻 Chaetoceros coarctatus Lauder 旋链角毛藻 Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve 柔弱角毛藻 Chaetoceros debilis Cleve皇冠角毛藻 Chaetoceros diadema (Ehrenberg) Gran 远距角毛藻Chaetoceros distans Cleve异角角毛藻 Chaetoceros diversus Cleve爱氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros eibenii Grunow 垂缘角毛藻 Chaetoceros laciniosus Schütt 罗氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lauderi Ralfs洛氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow 海洋角毛藻 Chaetoceros pelagicus Cleve 秘鲁角毛藻 Chaetoceros peruvianus Brightwell 拟弯角毛藻Chaetoceros psedocurvisetus Mangin 角毛藻 Chaetoceros sp.细弱角毛藻 Chaetoceros subtilis Cleve圆柱角毛藻 Chaetoceros teres Cleve卵形藻属 Cocconeis sp.豪猪棘冠藻 Corethron hystrix Hensen 长环毛藻 Corethron hystrix Hensen 蛇目圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus argus Ehrenberg 中心圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenberg 弓束圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus curvatulus Grunow 格氏圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus granii Gough 琼氏圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus jonesianus (Greville) Ostenfeld 线形圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus lineatus Ehrenberg 小眼圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus oculatus (Fauv.) Petit 虹彩圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehrenberg 辐射圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg 圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.有棘圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus spinosus Chin 威氏圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran et Angst 扭曲小环藻Cyclotella comta (Ehrenberg) Kützing 小环藻 Cyclotella sp.条纹小环藻Cyclotella striata (Kützing) Grunow 柱状小环藻 Cyclotella stylorum (Brightwell)Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann &新月柱鞘藻 Lewin桥弯藻 Cymbella sp.矮小短棘藻 Detonula pumila (Castracane) Gran 蜂腰双壁藻 Diploneis bombus (Ehrenberg) Cleve 黄蜂双壁藻 Diploneis crabro Ehrenberg 华美双壁藻 Diploneis splendida (Gregory) Cleve 布氏双尾藻 Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grunow 太阳双尾藻 Ditylum sol (Schmidt) Cleve 直唐氏藻 Donkinia recta翼内茧藻 Entomoneis alata (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg 角状弯角藻 Eucampia cornuta (Cleve) Grunow 浮动弯角藻 Eucampia zodiacus Ehrenberg 柔弱井字藻Eunotogramma frauenfeldii Grunow 拟脆杆藻 Fragillariopsis sp.波状斑条藻 Grammatophora undulata Ehrenberg 柔弱几内亚藻 Guinardia delicatula (Cleve) Hasle 萎软几内亚藻 Guinardia flaccida (Castracane) Peragallo 斯氏几内亚藻 Guinardia striata (Stolterfoth) Hasle 泰晤士旋鞘藻 Helicotheca tamesis (Shrubsole) Ricard 霍氏半管藻 Hemiaulus hauckii Grunow 膜质半管藻 Hemiaulus membranaceus Cleve 中华半管藻 Hemiaulus sinensis Greville 平滑明针杆藻 Hyalosynedra laevigata (Grunow) Williams et Round环纹劳德藻 Lauderia annulata Cleve 丹麦细柱藻 Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve细筒藻 Leptocylindrus minimus Gran 短楔形藻 Licmophora abbreviata Agardh 楔形藻 Licmophora sp.波状石鼓藻 Lithodesmium undulatum Ehrenberg 长喙胸隔藻 Mastogloia rostrata (Wallich) Hustedt 胸隔藻 Mastogloia sp波氏直链藻 Melosira borreri Greville颗粒直链藻 Melosira granulata (Ehrenberg) Ralfs 狭形颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata var. angustissima Müller 尤氏直链藻 Melosirajuergensii Agardh念珠直链藻Melosira moniliformis (Müller) Agardh 货币直链藻 Melosira nummuloides Agardh 直链藻 Melosira sp.膜状缪氏藻 Meuniera membranacea (Cleve) Silva 远距舟形藻 Navicula distans (Smith) Ralfs 舟形藻 Navicula sp.洛氏菱形藻 Nitzschia lorenziana Grunow 粗点菱形藻 Nitzschia punctata (Smith) Grunow 螺形菱形藻Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) Smith 菱形藻Nitzschia sp.活动齿状藻 Odontella mobiliensis (Bailey) Grunow 高齿状藻 Odontella regia (Schultze) Simonsen 中华齿状藻 Odontella sinensis (Greville)Grunow 具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve 羽纹藻 Pinnularia sp.具翼漂流藻 Planktoniella blanda (Schmidt) Syvertsen & Hasle 太阳漂流藻Planktoniella sol (Wallich) Schütt 斜纹藻 Pleurosigma sp.近缘斜纹藻 Pleurosigma affine Grunow宽角斜纹藻 Pleurosigma angulatum (Queckett) Smith 海洋斜纹藻Pleurosigma pelagicum(Peragallo) Cleve 翼鼻状藻 Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström 细长翼鼻状藻 Proboscia alata f. gracillima (Cleve) Gran 琴氏沙网藻 Psammodictyon panduriforme (Gregory) Mann 柔弱伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden 尖刺伪菱形藻 Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle 距端假管藻 Pseudosoleniacalcar-avis (Schultze) Sundström 渐尖根管藻 Rhizosolenia acuminata (Peragallo) Gran 培氏根管藻 Rhizosolenia bergonii Peragallo 粗刺根管藻Rhizosolenia crassispina Schröder 园柱根管藻 Rhizosolenia cylindrusCleve 脆根管藻 Rhizosolenia fragilissima Bergon 半棘钝根管藻Rhizosolenia hebetate f. semispina (Hensen) Gran 刚毛根管藻 Rhizosolenia setigera Brightwell根管藻 Rhizosolenia sp.笔尖根管藻 Rhizosolenia styliformis Brightwell 中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve 星冠盘藻 Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehrenberg) Grunow 掌状冠盖藻 Stephanopyxis palmeriana (Greville) Grunow 楔形双菱藻 Surirella cuneata Schmidt芽形双菱藻Surirella gemma (Ehrenberg) Kützing 华状双菱藻 Surirella sp.伏氏海线藻 Thalassionema frauenfeldii (Grunow) Hallegraeff 伏氏海线藻 Thalassionema frauenfeldii Hallegraeff 菱形海线藻 Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky 并基海链藻 Thalassiosira decipens (Grunow) Jørgensen 离心列海链藻 Thalassiosira eccentrica (Ehrenberg) CleveThalassiosira leptopus (Grunow ex Van Heurck) Hasle细海链藻 & Fryxell细海链藻 Thalassiosira leptopus (Grunow) Hasle 诺氏海链藻Thalassiosira nordenskiöldii Cleve 太平洋海链藻 Thalassiosira pacifica Gran & Angst 圆海链藻 Thalassiosira rotula Meunier海链藻 Thalassiosira sp.细弱海链藻 Thalassiosira subtilis (Ostonfold) Gran 长海毛藻Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve & Grunow 蜂窝三角藻 Triceratium favus Ehrenberg美丽三角藻 Triceratium formosum Brightwell。
昆虫分属表
昆虫纲分为两大亚纲，33个目，如下：无翅亚纲Apterygota1．原尾目（Protura）2．弹尾目(Collembola)3．双尾目(Diplura)4．缨尾目(Thysanura)有翅亚纲Pterygota外翅部5．蜉蝣目(Ephemerida)6．蜻蜓目(Odonata)7．蜚蠊目(Blattaria)8．螳螂目(Mantodea)9．等翅目(Isoptera)10．缺翅目(Zoraptera)11．襀翅目(Plecoptera)12．竹节虫目(Phasmida)13．直翅目(Orthoptera)14．蛩蠊目(Crylloblattodea)15.纺足目(Embioptera)16.半翅目(Hemiptera)17．革翅目(Dermaptera)18.同翅目(Homoptera)19.缨翅目(Thysanoptera)20．啮虫目(Corrodentia)21．食毛目(Mallophaga)22．虱目(Anoplura)内翅部23.鞘翅目(Coleoptera)24.脉翅目(Neuroptera)25．捻翅目(Strepsiptera)26．广翅目(Megaloptera)27.鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)28．蛇蛉目(Raphidiodea)29．长翅目(Mecoptera)30．毛翅目(Trichoptera)31.双翅目(Diptera)32.膜翅目(Hymenoptera)33．蚤目(Siphonaptera)昆虫纲Insecta●无翅亚纲Apterygota▲增节变态类1.原尾目Protura （蚖）▲表变态类2.弹尾目Collembola （跳虫）3.双尾目Diplura （铗尾虫）4.缨尾目Thysanura （衣鱼）5.石蛃目Microcoryphia（石蛃）●有翅亚纲Pterygota▲原变态类6.蜉蝣目Ephemeroptera （蜉蝣）▲不完全变态类7.重舌目Diploglossata (鼠螋)(=革翅目的鼠螋亚目Hemimerina Burr,1911) （中国无此目昆虫的种类）8.缺翅目Zoraptera （缺翅虫）9.缨翅目Thysanoptera （蓟马）10.纺足目Embioptera （足丝蚁）11.襀翅目Plecoptera （石蝇）12.食毛目Mallophaga（鸟虱）13.虱目Anoplura （虱子）14.啮虫目Psocoptera （书虱）15.革翅目Dermaptera （蠼螋qusou）16.蛩蠊目Gryllobattodea （蛩qiong蠊）17.蜚蠊目Blattodea （蜚蠊、蟑螂）18.半翅目Hemiptera （蝽）19.等翅目Isoptera （白蚁）20.蜻蜓目Odonata （蜻蜓、豆娘）21.直翅目Orthoptera（蝗虫、蚱蜢、螽斯、蟋蟀、蝼蛄、蚤蝼）22.同翅目Homoptera （蝉、沫蝉、叶蝉、角蝉、蜡蝉、飞虱、木虱、粉虱、蚜虫、蚧壳虫）23.螳螂目Mantodea （螳螂）24.竹节虫目Phasmatodea（竹节虫）25.螳螂竹节虫目Mantophasmatodea （中国无此目昆虫的种类）▲完全变态类26.捻翅目Strepsiptera27.蚤目Siphonaptera （跳蚤）28.毛翅目Trichoptera （石蛾）29.脉翅目Neuroptera （草蛉）30.蛇蛉目Raphidioptera （蛇蛉）31.广翅目Megaloptera （泥蛉）32.长翅目Mecoptera （蝎蛉）33.双翅目Diptera （蝇、蚊、蠓、蚋rui、虻meng）34.膜翅目Hymenoptera （蜂、蚁）35.鳞翅目Lepidoptera （蝶、蛾）36.鞘翅目Coleoptera （锹甲、犀金龟、天牛、蜣螂等甲虫）昆虫分类属种检索表上等翅目一、木白蚁科KALOTERMITIDAE属检索表1.堆砂白蚁属Cryptotermes种检索表2.树白蚁属Glyptotermes种检索表二、原白蚁科HODOTERMITIDAE1.原白蚁属Hodotermopsis三、鼻白蚁科RHINOTERMITIDAE属检索表1.散白蚁属Reticulitermes种检索表2.家白蚁属Coptotermes种检索表3.木鼻白蚁属Stylotermes种检索表4.原鼻白蚁属Prorhinotermes种检索表5.长鼻白蚁属Schedorhinotermes种检索表四、白蚁科TERMITIDAE属检索表1.大白蚁属Macrotermes种检索表2.土白蚁属Odontotermes种检索表3.锯白蚁属Microcerotermes种检索表4.原歪白蚁属Procapritermes种检索表5.钩歪白蚁属Psudocapritermes种检索表6.歪白蚁属（狭义）Capritermes种检索表7.近歪白蚁属Pericapritermes种检索表8.钝颚白蚁属Ahmaditermes种检索表9.象白蚁属Nasutitermes种检索表直翅目一、蝗科ACRIDIDAE属检索表1.竹蝗属Ceracris种检索表2.稻蝗属Oxya种检索表鞘翅目叶?总科CHRYSOMELOIDEA科检索表一、天牛科CERAMBYCIDAE亚科检索表（一）锯天牛亚科PRIONINAE属检索表1.土天牛属Dorysthenes种检索表2.扁天牛属Eurypoda种检索表3.芫天牛属Mantitheus4.薄翅天牛属Megopis种检索表（二）幽天牛亚科ASEMINAE属检索表5.短梗天牛属Arhopalus种检索表（三）花天牛亚科LEPTURINAE属检索表6.眼花天牛属Acmaeops种检索表7.驼花天牛属Pidonia种检索表8.厚花天牛属Pachyta种检索表9.网花天牛属Sachalinobia10.金花天牛属Gaurotes种检索表11.宽花天牛属Evodinus种检索表12.肿腿花天牛属Oedecnema13.缘花天牛属Anoplodera种检索表14.瘦花天牛属Strangalia种检索表15.花天牛属Leptura种检索表（四）天牛亚科CERAMBYCINAE 属检索表16.肿角天牛属Neocerambyx种检索表17.缘天牛属Margites18.棱天牛属Xoanodera19.脊胸天牛属Rhytidodera种检索表20.切缘天牛属Zegriades21.茸天牛属Trichoferus22.丽天牛属Rosalia种检索表23.锤角天牛属Ipothalia24.显带天牛属Zonopterus25.颈天牛属Aromia种检索表26.长角绿天牛属Chloridolum种检索表27.黑绒天牛属Embrik-Strandia种检索表28.多带天牛属Polyzonus种检索表29.绿天牛属Chelidonium种检索表30.柄天牛属Aphrodisium种检索表31.拟柄天牛属Cataphrodisium种检索表32.阔嘴天牛属Euryphagus33.紫天牛属Purpuricenus种检索表34.珠角天牛属Pachylocerus35.折天牛属Pyrestes种检索表36.红天牛属Erythrus种检索表37.长跗天牛属Prothema38.扁鞘天牛属Rhopalopus39.赤天牛属Oupyrrhidium40.脊虎天牛属Xylotrechus神检索表41.颗瘤虎天牛属Clytobius42.球胸虎天牛属Calloides43.筒虎天牛属Sclethrus44.艳虎天牛属Rhaphuma种检索表45.绿虎天牛属Chlorophorus种检索表46.白纹虎天牛属Anaglyptus47.缨天牛属Allotraeus种检索表48.蜡天牛属Ceresium种检索表49.眉天牛属Epipedocera50.红胸天牛属Dere种检索表（五）沟胫天牛亚科LAMIINAE属检索表51.草天牛属Eodorcadion种检索表52.梯天牛属Pharsalia53.带天牛属Eutaenia54.豹天牛属Coscinesthes种检索表55.灰天牛属Blepephaeus种检索表56.齿胸天牛属Thermonotus57.肖锦天牛属Perihammus58.密缨天牛属Mirnothestus59.泥色天牛属Uraecha60.墨天牛属Monochamus种检索表61.拟鹿天牛属Epepeotes种检索表62.鹿天牛属Macrochenus种检索表63.簇天牛属Aristobia种检索表64.齿胫天牛属Paraleprodera种检索表65长眼天牛属Cremnosterna66.彤天牛属Eupromus种检索表67.星天牛属Anoplophora种检索表68.锦天牛属Acalolepta种检索表69.糙天牛属Trachystolodes70.指角天牛属Imantocera71.白条天牛属Batocera种检索表72.瘤胸象天牛属Coptops种检索表73.缨象天牛属Cacia种检索表74.象天牛属Mesosa种检索表75.长角象天牛属Mesocacia种检索表76.地衣天牛属Palimna种检索表77.尖天牛属Lychrosis种检索表78.坡天牛属Pterolophia种检索表79.突尾天牛属Sthenias80.多节天牛属Agapanthia种检索表81.长额天牛属Aulaconotus种检索表82.羽角天牛属Eucomatocera83.蓑天牛属Xylorhiza84.直脊楔天牛属Eutetrapha种检索表85.并脊楔天牛属Glenea种检索表86.脊筒天牛属Nupserha种检索表87.半脊楔天牛屬Neoxantha88.短脊楔天牛属Glenida种检索表89.小楔天牛属Serixia90.楔天牛属Saperda种检索表91.黄带楔天牛属Thermistis92.瘤胸筒天牛属Linda种检索表93.筒天牛属Oberea种检索表94.重突眼天牛属Astathes95.连突眼天牛属Anastathes种检索表96.眼天牛属Bacchisa种检索表97.广翅眼天牛属Plaxomicrus98.粉天牛属Olenecamptus种检索表99.污天牛属Moechotypa神检索表100.蒜角天牛属Mimocratotragus101.棘翅天牛属Aethalodes二、豆象科BRUCHIDAE亚科检索表（一）弯足豆象亚科RHAEBINAE1.弯足豆象属Rhaebus种检索表（二）细足豆象亚科KYTORHININAE 2.细足豆象属Kytorhinus种检索表（三）粗腿豆象亚科PACHYMERINAE属检索表3.粗腿豆象属Pachymerus4.阔腿豆象属Pseudopachymerus（四）粗颈豆象亚科AMBLYCERINAE 属检索表5.广颈豆象属Spermophagus种检索表6.宽颈豆象属Zabrotes（五）豆象亚科BRUCHINAE属检索表7.豆象属Bruchus种检索表8.三齿豆象属Acanthoscelides种检索表9.瘤背豆象属Callosobruchus种检索表10.锥胸豆象属Bruchidius种检索表三、负泥虫科CRIOCERIDAE亚科检索表（一）距?亚科MEGALOPODINAE属检索表1.沟胸距?属Poecilomorpha种检索表2.突距?属Temnaspis种检索表（二）瘤胸叶?亚科ZEUGOPHORINAE 属检索表3.瘤胸叶?属Zeugophora种检索表（三）茎?科SAGRINAE5.茎?属Sagra种和亚种检索表（四）水叶?亚科DONACIINAE属检索表6.水叶?属Donacia种检索表7.齿胫水叶?属Sominella种检索表8.长跗水叶?属Macroplea（五）负泥虫亚科CRIOCERINAE属检索表9.合爪负泥虫属Lema种检索表10.分爪负泥虫属Lilioceris种检索表11.负泥虫属Crioceris12.直胸负泥虫属Ortholema13.长头负泥虫属Mecoprosopus14.禾谷负泥虫属Oulema种检索表四、肖叶甲科EUMOLPIDAE亚科检索表（一）肖叶?亚科EUMOLPINAE族、属检索表1.突肩叶?属Cleorina2.球叶?属Nodina种检索表3.平肩叶?属Mireditha种检索表5.豆叶?属Colposcelis6.似丽叶?属Paracrothinium7.凹顶叶?属Parascela8.丽叶?属Acrothinium种检索表9.鳞斑叶?属Pachnephorus种检索表10.李叶?属Cleoporus种检索表11.甘薯叶?属Colasposoma12.杨梢叶?属Parnops13.沟顶叶?属Scelodonta种检索表14.宽角叶?属Parheminodes15.毛叶?属Trichochrysea种检索表16.鳞毛叶?属Hyperaxis17.茶叶?属Demotina种检索表18.黄叶?属Xanthonia种检索表19.厚缘叶?属Aoria种检索表20.葡萄叶?属Bromius21.齿股叶?属Trichotheca22.筒胸叶?属Lypesthes23.小筒胸叶?属Microlypesthes24.齿胸叶?属Aulexis种检索表25.皱背叶?属Abiromorphus27.皱鞘叶?属Abirus28.亮叶?属Chrysolampra种检索表29.沟臀叶?属Colaspoides种检索表30.扁角叶?属Platycorynus种检索表31.萝摩叶?属Chrysochus32.绿叶?属Chrysochares种检索表（二）隐肢叶?亚科LAMPROSOMATINAE 33.卵形叶?属Oomorphoides种检索表（三）瘤叶?亚科CHLAMISINAE34.瘤叶?属Chlamisus种检索表（四）锯角叶?亚科CLYTRINAE属检索表35.钳叶?属Labidostomis种检索表36.盾叶?属Aspidolopha种检索表37.毛额叶?属Diapromorpha38.光额叶?属Aetheomorpha39.方额叶?属Physauchenia40.切头叶?属Coptocephala41.梳叶?属Clytrasoma42.瘦叶?属Miochira43.光叶?属Smaragdina种检索表44.锯角叶?属Clytra种检索表（五）隐头叶?亚科CRYPTOCEPHALINAE属检索表45.隐盾叶?属Adiscus种检索表46.圆眼叶?属Stylosomus种检索表47.接眼叶?属Coenobius种检索表48.短柱叶?属Pachybrachys种检索表49.隐头叶?属Cryptocephalus种检索表50.齿爪叶?属Melixanthus种检索表五、叶甲科CHRYSOMELIDAE叶?科常见种检索表1.弗叶?属Phratora种检索表2.桔潜跳?属Podagricomela种检索表3.桔啮跳?属Clilea种检索表象虫总科科检索表六、象虫科CURCULIONIDAE亚科检索表（一）耳喙象亚科OTIORRHYNCHINAE族、检索表1.树叶象属Phyllobius2.癞象属Episomus种检索表3.遮眼象属Callirhopalus种检索表俯首象族Ptochini属检索表4.三纹象属Lagenolobus5.长翅象属Arrhines种检索表6.坑沟象属Hyperstylus种检索表7.角喙象属Anosimus8.圆筒象属Macrocorynus种检索表9.小眼象属Eumyllocerus种检索表10.尖筒象属Myllocerus种检索表11.鞍象属Neomyllocerus12.镰象属Drepanoderes眼叶象族Cyphicerini属检索表13.卵象属Calomycterus14.草象属Chloebius种检索表15.尖象属Phytoscaphus种检索表16.眼叶象属Cyphicerus17.峰喙象属Stelorrhinoides18.丽纹象属Myllocerinus种检索表19.长卵象属Eusomidius20.毛角象属Cyphicerinus21.横脊象属Platymycterus种检索表22.斜脊象属Platymycteropsis种检索表（二）短喙象亚科BRACHYDERINAE族检索表多露象族Polydrosini属检索表23.多露象属Polydrosus24.飞象属Scythropus圆腹象族Blosyrini属检索表25.圆腹象属Blosyrus种检索表瘤象族Dermatodini属检索表26.瘤象属Dermatoxenus锉象族Cnteorrhinini属检索表27.亥象属Heydenia28.短柄象属Catapionus纤毛象族Tanymecini属检索表29.纤毛象属Tanymecus种检索表30.绿象属Chloropyanus种检索表31.毛足象属Phacephorus种检索表32.叶喙象属Diglossotrox种检索表33.长毛象属Enaptorrhinus种检索表34.蓝绿象属Hypomeces35.翠象属Lepropus种检索表36.土象属Xylinophorus种检索表37.灰象属Sympiezomias种检索表38.喜马象属Leptomias39.球胸象属Piazomias种检索表（三）细足象亚科LEPTOPINAE（四）根瘤象亚科SITONINAE属检索表41.根瘤象属Sitona种检索表42.长颚象属Eugnathus种检索表（五）方喙象亚科CLEONINAE族检索表方喙象族Cleonini属检索表43.二脊象属Plcurocleonus44.尖眼象属Chromonotus45.斜纹象属Lepyrus种检索表46.锥喙象属Conorrhynchus47.黑斜纹象属Chromoderus48.方喙象属Cleonus49.白筒象属Liocleonus50.大肚象属Xanthochelus51.洞腹象属Atactogaster52.冠象属Stephanocleonus53.小粒象属IPachycerus54.甜菜象属Bothynoderes种检索表55.大粒象属Adosomus筒喙象族Lixini属检索表56.筒喙象属Lixus种检索表58.菊花象属Larinus种检索表（六）树皮象亚科HYLOBIINAE属检索表59.铁象属Styanax60.双沟象属Peribleptus种检索表61.横沟象属Dyscerus种检索表62.树皮象属Hylobius种检索表63.二节象属Aclees64.雪片象属Niphades种检索表（七）木蠹象亚科PISSODINAE65.木蠹象属Pissodes种检索表（八）隐喙象亚科CRYPTORRHYNCHINAE 属检索表（附族检索表）66.光怪象属Catagmatus67.宽肩象属Ectatorrhinus68.毛束象属Desmidophorus种检索表69.短足象属Colobodes70.细腿象属Rhadinomerus71.沟眶象属Eucryptorrhynchus72.尖尾象属Aechmura73.扁喙象属Gasterocercus种检索表74.隐喙象属Cryptorrhynchus75.芒果象属Acryptorrhynchus种检索表76.角胫象属Shirahoshizo种检索表77.毛棒象属Rhadinopus种检索表（九）象虫亚科CURCULIONINAE属检索表78.象虫属Curculio种检索表79.瘿象属Balanobius80.高隆象属Ergania（十）长足象亚科ALCIDODINAE81.长足象属Alcidodes种检索表七、拟步?科TENEBRIONIDAE族检索表1.掘?属Netuschilia2.东方鳖?属Anatolica3.高鳖?属Hypsosoma4.小胸鳖?属Microdera5.龙?属Leptodes种检索表6.砚王属Cyphogenia种检索表7.光漠王属Platyope8.漠王属Przewalskia9.卵漠婶属Ocnera10.高脊漠?属Podhomala11.脊漠?属Pterocoma12.漠?属Sternoplax13.胖漠?属Trigonoscelis14.琵琶?属Blaps神检索表15.刺?属Oodescelis16.仓潜属Mesomorphus17.扁足?属Pedinus18.土潜属Gonocephalum19.沙潜属Opatrum20.沟?属Philhammus21.隐?属Crypticus22.小隐?属Microcrypticus23.菌虫属Alphitophagus24.洋虫属Martianus25.粉盗属Palorus种检索表26.拟谷盗属Tribolium主要属成虫、幼虫检索表八、小蠹虫科SCOLYTIDAE属检索表1.小蠹属Scolytus种检索表2.切梢小蠹属Blastophagus种检索表3.根小蠹属Hylastes种检索表4.四（眼）小蠹属Polygraphus种检索表5.微小蠹属Crypturgus种检索表6.梢小蠢属Cryphalus亚属检索表梢小蠹亚属种检索表梁额梢小蠹亚属种检索表缺鳞梢小蠹亚属种检索表7.毛小蠹属Dryocoetes种检索表8.微刻小蠢属Pityophthorus种检索表9.齿小蠹属Ips种检索表九、金龟?科SCARABAEIDAE RUTELINAE亞科分族检索表RUTELINI族分属检索表ADORETINI族分属检索表亚科分族检索表MELOLONTHINI族分属检索表HEPTOPHYLLINI族分属检索表RHIZOTROGINI族分属检索表PACHYDEMINI族分属检索表SERICINI族分属检索表HOPLIINI族分属检索表金龟?科Scarabaeidae常见种检索表丽金龟亚科RUTELINAE族、属种检索表十、瓢虫科COCCINELLIDAE亚科检索表（一）小艳瓢虫亚科STICHOLOTINAE族、检索表常见属检索表1.彩瓢虫属Plotina2.小艳瓢虫属Sticholotis3.环艳瓢虫属Jauravia4.毛艳瓢虫属Pharoscymnus5.刀角瓢虫属Serangium（二）小毛瓢虫亚科SCYMNINAE常见族检索表6.食螨瓢虫属Stethorus亚属及种检索表7.刻眼瓢虫属Ortalia种检索表小毛瓢虫族Scymnini常见属检索表8.小毛瓢虫属Scymnus常见亚属检索表9.弯叶毛瓢虫属Nephus10.隐唇瓢虫属Cryptolaemus11.方突毛瓢虫属Pseudoscymnus（三）隐胫瓢虫亚科ASPIDIMERINAE属检索表12.隐胫瓢虫属Aspidimerus种检索表13.隐势瓢虫属Cryptogonus种检索表（四）盔唇瓢虫亚科CHILOCORINAE族检索表盔唇瓢虫族Chilocorini属检索表14.纵条瓢虫属Brumoides种检索表15.光缘瓢虫属Exochomus种检索表16.细须唇瓢虫属Phaenochilus17.盔唇瓢虫属Chilocorus神检索表18.广盾瓢虫属Platynaspis种检索表19.寡节瓢虫属Telsimia种检索表（五）食植瓢虫亚科EPILACHNINAE族检索表属检索表20.裂臀瓢虫属Henosepilachna种检索表21.崎齿瓢虫属Afidenta种检索表22.小崎齿瓢虫属Afidentula种检索表23.长崎齿瓢虫属Afissula种检索表24.食植瓢虫属Epilachna种检索表25.龟瓢虫属Epiverta26.豆形瓢虫属Subcoccinella27.整臀瓢虫属Afissa种检索表（六）瓢虫亚科COCCINELLINAE族检索表28.长足瓢虫属Hippodamia30.异点瓢虫属Anisosticta31.小长瓢虫属Macronaemia32.大丽瓢虫属Adalia常见变型检索表33.瓢虫属Coccinella种检索表34.长隆瓢虫属Coccinula35.和谐瓢虫属Synharmonia种检索表36.梅鹿瓢虫属Sospita37.裸瓢虫属Calvia种检索表38.龟纹瓢虫属Propylaea种检索袁39.眼斑瓢虫属Anatis40.橙菌瓢虫属Illeis41.黑斑茵瓢虫属Thea42.黄菌瓢虫属Haly2ia43.褐菌瓢虫属Vibidia44.突肩瓢虫属Synonycha45.壮丽瓢虫属Camcaria46.大瓢虫属Anisolemnia种检索表47.异斑瓢虫属Aiolocaria48.异色瓢虫属Leis种及变种、变型检索表49.奇斑瓢虫属Ballia种检索表50.纤丽瓢虫属Callineda52.盘耳瓢虫属Coelophora种检索表53.小巧瓢虫属Oenopia种检索表54.策食瓢虫属Verania55.月唇瓢虫属Chilomenes种检索表56.显盾瓢虫属Hyperaspis57.红瓢虫属Rodolia种检索表58.粗眼瓢虫属Coccidula59.粒眼瓢虫属Sumnius（七）四节瓢虫亚科TETRABRACHINAE 60.四节瓢虫属Tetrabrachys脉翅目分科检索表草蛉科常见种检索表鳞翅目总科检索表蝶类一、凤蝶科PAPILIONIDAE种检索表二、绢蝶科PARNASSIIDAE种检索表三、粉蝶科PIERIDAE种检索表四、斑蝶科DANAIDAE五、环蝶科MORPHIDAE六、眼蝶科SATYRIDAE种检索表七、蛱蝶科NYMPALIDAE种检索表八、喙蝶科LIBYTHEIDAE九、蚬蝶科RIODINIDAE十、灰蝶科LYCAENIDAE种检索表十一、弄蝶科HESPERIIDAE种检索表蛾类毛顶蛾总科ERIOCRANIOIDEA科检索表微蛾总科NEPLICULOIDEA科检索表木蠹蛾总科COSSOIDEA科检索表十二、木蠢蛾科COSSIDAE种检索表谷蛾总科TINEOIDEA科检索表十三、谷蛾科TINEIDAE种检索表十四、麦蛾科GELECHIIDAE种检索表十五、筛蛾科ETHMIIDAE种检索表十六、菜蛾科PLUTELLIDAE种检索表十七、巢蛾科YPONOMEUTIDAE神检索表十八、雕蛾科GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE种检索表十九、透翅蛾科AEGERIIDAE种检索表细蛾总科LITHOCOLlETOIDEA科检索表二十、细蛾科LITHOCOLLETIDAE种检索表二十一、举肢蛾科HELIODINIDAE种检索表螟蛾总科PYRALOIDEA科检索表二十二、螟蛾科PYRALIDAE亚科检索表（一）蜡螟亚科GALLERIINAE属检索表1.蜡螟属Galleria2.小蜡螟属Achroia3.椰穗螟属Tirathaba4.织螟属Aphomia5.缀螟属Paralipsa（二）草螟亚科CRAMBINAE属检索表6.大草螟属Eschata种检索表7.禾草螟属Chilo神检索表8.条草螟属Proceras9.髓草螟属Calamotropha10.白草螟属Pseudocatharylla种检索表11.草螟属Crambus种检索表12.巢草螟属Ancylolomia13.并脉草螟属Neopediasia（三）禾螟亚科SCHOENOBIINAE 属检索表14.盾额禾螟属Ramila15.白禾螟属Scirpophaga16.禾螟属Schoenobius种检索表17.黄缘禾螟属Cirrhochrista神检索表18.蛀禾螟属Tryporyza种检索表19.边禾螟属Catagela种检索表20.雪禾螟属Niphadoses种检索表（四）拟斑螟亚科ANERASTIINAE 属检索表21.多拟斑螟属Polyocha22.实螟属Mampava（五）斑螟亚科PHYCITINAE属检索表23.隐斑螟属Cryptoblabes24.峰斑螟属Acrobasis25.髓斑螟属Myelois26.荚斑螟属Etiella种检索表27.梢斑螟属Dioryctria种检索表28.云翅斑螟属Nephopteryx种检索表29.同斑螟属Homoeosoma30.谷斑螟属Plodia31.果斑螟属Cadra种检索表32.粉斑螟属Ephestia33.海斑螟属Anagastra（六）丛螟亚科EPIPASCHIINAE属检索表34.缀叶丛螟属Locastra35.瘤丛螟属Orthaga种检索表36.锄须丛螟属Macalla（七）歧角螟亚科ENDOTRICHINAE 属检索表37.锥歧角螟属Cotachena38.红瑰歧角螟属Rodoba39.歧角螟属Endotricha种检索表（八）螟蛾亚科PYRALINAE属检索表40.缟螟属Aglossa41.黄螟属Vitessa42.巢螟属Hypsopygia种检索表43.螟蛾属Pyralis种检索表44.硕螟属Toccolosida45.长须短颚螟属Trebania46.弓缘残翅螟属Xenomilia47.驼翅螟属Hyboloma48.双点螟属Orybina神检索表49.鹦螟属Loryma50.双纹螟属Herculia种检索表51.厚须螟属Propachys52.叶螟属Sybrida（九）水螟亚科NYMPHULINAE 属检索表53.光水螟属Luma54.纹水螟属Cataclysta55.水螟属Nymphula种检索表56.斑水螟属Aulacodes57.卷水螟属Susumia58.窗水螟属Siegothyris59.暗水螟属Bradina60.冠水螟属Piletocera61.须水螟属Mabra62.金水螟属Daulia63.兰水螟属Talan6a64.洁水螟属Parthenodcs（十）野螟亚科PYRAUSTINAE属检索表65.紫翅野螟属Rehimena66.白带野螟属Hymenia种检索表67.卷野螟属Pycnarmon种检索表68.展须野螟属Eurrhyparodes种检索表69.四点野螟属Lygropia70.卷叶野螟属Sylepta种检索表71.缀叶野蜈属Botyodes种检索表72.犁角野螟属Goniorhynchus种检索表73.烟翅野螟属Heterocnephes74.尖须野螟属Pagyda种检索表75.角须野螟属Agrotera种检索表76.纵卷叶野螟属Cnaphalocrocis77.刷须野螟属Marasmia种检索表78.环角野螟属Syngamia种检索表79.斑翅野螟属Diastictis种检索表80.蚀叶野螟属Lamprosema种检索表81.须野螟属Nosophora82.脉纹野螟属Nevrina83.蛀野螟属Dichocrocis种检索表84.黑纹野螟属Tyspanodes种检索表85.丝角野螟属Filodes种检索表86.丽野螟属Agathodes87.绢野螟属Diaphania种检索表88.窄翅野螟属Euclasta89.原野螟属Proteuclasta90.黑野螟属Phlyctaenia91.斑野螟属Polythlipta92.叶野螟属Nausinoe种检索表93.黄野螟属Heortia94.白翅野螟属Leucinodes种检索表95.菜心野螟属Hellula96.伸喙野螟属Mecyna种检索表97.缨突野螟属Udea98.苇野螟属Calamochrous99.双叉端环野螟属Eumorphobotys种检索表100.豆荚野螟属Maruca101.纹翅野螟属Diasemia种检索表102.荚野螟属Antigastra103.棘趾野螟属Anania种检索表104.织叶野螟属Algedonia种检索表105.翎翅野螟属Epiparbattia106.切叶野螟属Psara种检索表107.绒野螟属Crocidophora种检索表108.镰翅野螟属Circobotys种检索表109.牧野螟属Nomophila110.瘦翅野螟属Ischnurges111.长距野螟属Hyalobathra种检索表112.褶缘野螟属Paratalanta113.野螟属Pyrausta种检索表114.锥额野螟属Loxostege种检索表115.肿额野螟属Prooedema116.拱翅野螟属Epipagis117.短梳角野螟属Merocena118.果蛀野螟属Thliptoceras119.黑翅野螟属Heliothela120.三纹野螟属Archernis121.蠹野螟属Omphisa种检索表122.薄翅野螟属Evergestis种检索表123.菜野螟属Mesographe124.秤野螟属Ostrinia二十三、窗蛾科THYRIDIDAE种检索表羽蛾总科PTEROPHOROIDEA科检索表斑蛾总科ZYGAENOIDEA二十四、刺蛾科EUCLEIDAE种检索表二十五、斑蛾科ZYGAENIDAE种检索表卷蛾总科TORTRICOIDAE科检索表二十六、卷蛾科TORTRICIDAE亚科检索表（一）卷蛾亚科TORTRICINAE族检索表黄卷蛾族Archipini属检索表1.褐卷蛾属Pandemis种检索表2.色卷蛾属Choristoneura种检索表3.黄卷蛾属Archips种检索表4.纹卷蛾属Syndemis种检索表5.光卷蛾属Aphelia亚属检索表6.双斜卷蛾属Clepsis亚属、种检索表7.铅卷蛾属Ptycholoma种检索表8.点卷蛾属Lozotaenia9.烟卷蛾属Capua10.次卷蛾属Pseudargyrotoza11.山卷蛾属Eana亚属检索表12.弧翅卷蛾属Croesia种检索表13.长翅卷蛾属Acleris种检索表（二）长须卷蛾亚科SPARGANOTFIINAE 14.长须卷蛾属Sparganothis（三）小卷蛾亚科OLETHREUTINAE族检索表小卷蛾族Laspeyresiini属检索表15.小卷蛾属Laspeyresia种检索表16.毡小卷蛾属Pseudotomoides17.小食心虫属Grapholitha种检索表18.豆食心虫属Leguminivora19.超小卷蛾属Pammene20.豆小卷蛾属Matsumuraeses21.尖顶小卷蛾属Lepsotelus22.岔小卷蛾属Enarmonodes23.异形小卷蛾属Cryptophlebia24.梢小卷蛾属Rhyacionia种检索表25.球果小卷蛾属Gravitarmata26.实小卷蛾属Petroya种检索表27.白小卷蛾属Spilonota种检索表28.花小卷蛾属Eucosma亚属、种检索表29.刺小卷蛾属Pelochrista亚属检索表30.白斑小卷蛾属Epiblema亚属、种检索表31.线小卷蛾属Zeiraphera种检索表32.黑痣小卷蛾属Rhopobota33.叶小卷蛾属Epinotia亚属、种检索表34.镰翅小卷蛾属Ancylis亚属、种检索表35.圆点小卷蛾属Eudemis36.圆斑小卷蛾属Eudemopsis37.芽小卷蛾属Cymolomia38.弯月小卷蛾属Saliciphaga种检索表39.广翅小卷蛾属Hedya种检索表40.斜纹小卷蛾属Apotomis种检索表41.黑小卷蛾属Endothenia42.尖翅小卷蛾属Bactra43.花翅小卷蛾属Lobesia44.直带小卷蛾属Orthotaenia45.翅小卷蛾属Pseudohermenias种检索表46.灰小卷蛾属Sclaphila47.新小卷蛾属Olethreutes种检索表48.条小卷蛾属Argyroploce种检索表49.草小卷蛾属Celyphoides种检索表夜蛾总科NOCTUOIDEA二十七、夜蛾科NOCTUIDAE亚科检索表（一）剑纹夜蛾亚科ACRONYCTINAE 属检索表1.剑纹夜蛾属Acronycta种检索表2.纶夜蛾属Tllalatha3.后剑纹夜蛾属Anacronicta种检索表4.短喙夜蛾属Panthauma5.闩夜蛾属Perinaenia6.孔雀夜蛾属Canna种检索表7.翠夜蛾属Daseochaeta种检索表8.翅夜蛾属Dipterygia种检索表9.禾夜蛾属Oligia种检索表10.缓夜蛾属Eremobia11.散纹夜蛾属Eriopus种检索表12.希夜蛾属Telesilla13.麟角夜蛾属Callogonia14.灿夜蛾属Aucha种检索表15.花夜蛾属Pachylepis16.斑夜蛾属Borbotana17.雅夜蛾属Jambia18.流夜蛾属Chytonix19.斜额夜蛾属Antha20.原井夜蛾属Prometopus21.井夜蛾属Dysmilichia22.晕夜蛾属Perigeodes种检索表23.星夜蛾属Perigea种检索表24.赫夜蛾属Hadjina25.秀夜蛾属Apamea26.铜翅夜蛾属Trachea种检索表27.锦夜蛾属Euplexia种检索表28.红杉夜蛾属Trigonophora29.竺夜蛾属Chutapha种检索表30.康夜蛾属Conscrvula种检索表31.达沓夜蛾属Data32.角剑夜蛾属Hydroecia种检索表33.楔胸夜蛾属Brachvxanthia34.逸色夜蛾属Ipimorpha种检索表35.绢夜蛾属Elydnodes36.独夜蛾属Nikara37.兜夜蛾属Calymnia种检索表38.清夜蛾属Enargia39.点顶夜蛾属Callyna种检索表40.白夜蛾属Chasminodes种检索表41.蛀茎夜蛾属Sesamia神检索表42.胖夜蛾属Orthogonia43.德夜蛾属Dclta44.裙剑夜蛾属Polyphaenis种检索表45.日月夜蛾属Chasmina种检索表46.火焰夜蛾属Pyrrhia47.灰翅夜蛾属Spodoptera48.贪夜蛾属Laphygma49.缤夜蛾属Moma50.淡剑夜蛾属Sidemia51.线夜蛾属Elydna52.扁身夜蛾属Amphipyra种检索表53.朴夜蛾属Plusilla54.辐射夜蛾属Apsarasa55.斜纹夜蛾属Prodenia56.苔藓夜蛾属Bryophila（二）切根虫亚科AGROTINAE属检索表57.切根属Euxoa种检索表58.地虎属Agrotis种检索表59.扇夜蛾属Sineugraphe60.浆地虎属Eueretagrotis61.东风夜蛾属Eurois62.兴夜蛾属Schinia63.蚀夜蛾属Oxytripia64.实夜蛾属Heliothis种检索表65.宽胫夜蛾属Meliclepteria66.毛眼地虎属Blepharita67.宽翅地虎属Naenia68.狭翅地虎属Hermonassa69.彩地虎属Triphaena（三）行军虫亚科HADENINAE 属检索表70.灰夜蛾属Polia种检索表71.粘虫属Leucania种检索表72.寡粘虫属Sideridis种检索表73.行军虫属Hadena种检索表74.光腹粘虫属Eriopyga种检索表75.后甘夜蛾属Hypobarathra76.连环夜蛾属Perigrapha种检索表77.梦尼夜蛾属Monima78.齿夜蛾属Odontestra79.小眼夜蛾属Panolis80.甘兰夜蛾属Barathra（四）冬夜蛾亚科CUCULLIINAE 属检索表81.冬夜蛾属Cucullia种检索表82.银装冬夜蛾属Afgyromata83.爪冬夜蛾属Oncocnemis84.奥冬夜蛾属Orbona85.美冬夜蛾属Cosmia种检索表86.暗冬夜蛾属Euscotia87.干纹冬夜蛾属Calotaenia88.毛冬夜蛾属Crino89.石冬夜蛾属Lithopane90.准鹰冬夜蛾属Valeriodes种检索表91.犹冬夜蛾属Eupsilia92.木冬夜蛾属Xylina（五）丽夜蛾亚科ACONTIINAE属检索表93.爱丽夜蛾属Ariolica94.蜡丽夜蛾属Kerala95.金钢钻属Earias种检索表96.粉翠夜蛾属Hylophilodes种检索表97.角翅夜蛾属Tyana种检索表98.碧夜蛾届Hylophilina100.红衣夜蛾属Clethrophora101.霜夜蛾属Gelastocera102.钟丽夜蛾属Tortriciforma103.俊夜蛾属Westermannia种检索表104.丽夜蛾属Acontia种检索表105.豹夜蛾属Sinna106.架夜蛾属Gabala107.血斑夜蛾属Siglophora108.赭夜蛾属Carea种检索表（六）绮夜蛾亚科ERASTRIINAE 属检索表109.白虫属Eublemma神检索表110.巧夜蛾属Oruza种检索表111.蝠夜蛾属Lophoruza112.兰纹夜蛾属Stenoloba种检索表113.姬夜蛾属Phyllophila114.弱夜蛾属Ozarba种检索表115.坑翅夜蛾属Ilattia种检索表116.俚夜蛾属Lithacodia种检索表117.文夜蛾属Eustrotia种检索表119.困夜蛾属Tarache种检索表120.瑕夜蛾属Sinocharisi121.螟蛉夜蛾属Naranga122.绮夜蛾属Erastria123.孔夜蛾属Corgatlld（七）尾夜蛾亚科EUTELIINAE属检索表124.重尾夜蛾属Bombotelia125.燎尾夜蛾属Phlegctonia126.圆翅尾夜蛾属Paectes127.尾夜蛾属Euelia（八）蕊翅夜蛾亚科STICTOPTERINAE 属检索表128.蕊翅夜蛾属Stictoptera种检索表129.斑蕊夜蛾属Cymatophoropsis种检索表（九）皮夜蛾亚科SARROTHRIPINAE属检索表130.癣皮蛾属Blenina种检索表131.美皮蛾属Lamprothripa132.长角皮蛾属Risoba133.皮蛾属Eligma134.癞皮蛾属Gadirtha（十）金翅夜蛾亚科PLUSIINAE属检索表135.铜翼夜蛾属Chrysoptera种检索表136.金翅夜蛾属Plusia种检索表137.闪金夜蛾属Plusidia138.隐金夜蛾属Abrostola139.美金翅夜蛾属Caloplusia（十一）裳夜蛾亚科CATOCALINAE 属检索表140.裳夜蛾属Catocala种检索表141.刺裳夜蛾属Mormonia种检索表142.光裳夜蛾属Ephesia种检索表143.盲裳夜蛾属Agonista144.魔日夜蛾属Nyctipao种检索表145.眯日夜蛾属Entomogramma 146.变色夜蛾属Enmonodia种检索表147.旋目夜蛾属Speiredonia种检索表148.拟叶夜蛾属Phyllodes149.木叶夜蛾属Xylophylla150.耳夜蛾属Ercheia种检索表151.恭夜蛾属Gonospileia种检索表152.毛胫夜蛾属Mocis种检索表153.乱纹夜蛾属Anisoneura154.罗夜蛾属Leucanitis155.巾夜蛾属Parallelia种检索表156.卷裳魔目夜蛾属Patula157.苎麻夜蛾属Cocytodes158.蚪目夜蛾属Metopta159.毛翅夜蛾属Dermaleipa160.安纽夜蛾属Anua种检索表161.阿夜蛾属Achaea种检索表162.三角夜蛾厲Chalciope种检索表163.毛跗夜蛾属Remigia164.素纹夜蛾属Cortya165.同纹夜蛾属Pericyma166.肖毛翅夜蛾属Lagoptera（十二）夜蛾亚科NOCTUINAE 属检索表167.桥夜蛾属Anomis种检索表168.木夜蛾属Hulodes169.男夜蛾属Ericeia170.闪夜蛾属Sypna种检索表171.仿爱夜蛾属Apopestes172.爱夜蛾属Autophila173.紫脖夜蛾属Ophiussa种检索表174.烦夜蛾属Anophia种检索表175.戟夜蛾属Lacera176.佩夜蛾属Oxyodes177.篦夜蛾属Episparis178.哈夜蛾属Hamod6s179.锉夜蛾属Blasticorhinus180.鹰夜蛾属Hypocala种检索表181.壶夜蛾属Calpe种检索表182.咀壶夜蛾属Oraesia种检索表183.秃胡夜蛾属Pasipeda种检索表184.妃夜蛾属Aleucanitis种检索表185.残夜蛾属Colobochyla种检索表186.极夜蛾属Epizeuxis神检索表187.薄夜蛾属Araeognatha188.洒夜蛾属Psimada189.大棱夜蛾属Megazethes190.眉夜蛾属Pangrapta种检索表191.尺夜蛾属Dierna192.肾白夜蛾属Edessena种检索表193.胸须夜蛾属Cidariplura194.疽夜蛾属Nodaria种检索表195.镰须夜蛾属Zanclognatha种检索表196.疖夜蛾属Adrapsa种检索表197.爆夜蛾属Badiza种检索表198.波夜蛾属Bocana199.尖镰须夜蛾属Bleptina200.拟胸须夜蛾属Bertula201.两色夜蛾属Dichromia种检索表202.口夜蛾属Rhynchina种检索表203.齿口夜蛾属Rhynchodontodes 204.卜馍夜蛾属Bomolocha种检索表205.燕夜蛾属A Ventiola206.合夜蛾属Sympis207.本夜蛾属Baniana208.小冠夜蛾属Lophomma209.胡夜蛾属Calesia210.艳叶夜蛾属Maenas211.枯叶夜蛾属Adris212.落叶夜蛾属Ophideres213.兰条夜蛾属Ischyja214.宽夜蛾属Platyja215.短栉夜蛾属Brevipecten216.棘翅夜蛾属Scolioptdryx217.肖金夜蛾属Plusiodonta种检索表218.双衲夜蛾属Dinumma219.长须夜蛾属Hypena种检索表220.客来夜蛾属Chrysorithrum种检索表221.干煞夜蛾属Azazia222.斑翅夜蛾属Serrodes二十八、虎蛾科AGARISTIDAE属检索表1.彩虎蛾属Eusemia种检索表2.龟虎蛾属Chelonomorpha3.罪虎蛾属Exsula4.豪虎蛾属Scrobigera种检索表5.拟彩虎蛾属Mimeusemia6.虎蛾属Seudyra种检索表二十九、舟蛾科NOTODONTIDAE属检索表1.银斑舟蛾属Tarsolepis种检索表2.点舟蛾属Stigmatophorina3.蕊尾舟蛾属Dudusa种检索表4.重舟蛾属Baradesa种检索表5.梭舟蛾属Netria。
水生生物学1-蓝藻
§⑥ 束球藻属
每个细胞和 一条胶质柄 相连，2个或 4个细胞为一 组，每组的 胶质柄又互 相连接，组 成一个由中 心发出的放 射状系统。
§⑦ 腔球藻属
细胞群体作 辐射状排列。 绿色。营浮 游生活。繁 殖为细胞分 裂或群体断 裂方式。
§⑧ 平裂藻属
细胞规律排列，常两两成双， 两对一组，集合成平板状。多 为浮游性种类。
个新的植物体。 两个 有性繁殖： 配子 结合 新个体 合子 孢子 新个体
同配：2个配子形态、生理相同 异配：2个配子形态结构不同 大、较不活动－雌配子 小、较活动－雄配子 卵配：2个配子形态差异明显 大、不动－卵 小、游动－精子
孢子:是植物所产生的一种有繁殖或休
眠作用的细胞，能直接发育成新个体。
不需和其他细胞结合，即可萌发成新的植物体。 一般微小，单细胞。通常为无性生殖过程所产生的
定义：
一群具有叶绿素，营自养生活， 没有真正的根、茎、叶分化，以 单细胞的孢子或合子进行繁殖的 低等植物，又叫孢子植物 （spore plant）、叶状体植物、 自养原植体植物。
藻类特点
① 藻体各式各样。有单细胞、群体、丝状体、
囊状体、叶状体、枝状体等各种类型。
②个体大小相差悬殊。绝大多数藻类植物微
红海束毛藻
埃及红海
§③ 颤藻属
单条藻丝，或由许多藻 丝组成皮壳状、块状。 藻丝不分枝，直或扭曲， 能颤动。以段殖体繁殖。 分布很广。
中国经济软体动物
中国经济软体动物分类：科学多板纲Polyplacophora髦毛石鳖科Mopaliidae日本宽板石鳖Placiphorella japonica (Dall 1925)网纹髦毛石鳖Mopalia (Mopalia) retifera Thiele 1909棘侧石鳖科Acanthopleuridae日本花棘石鳖Liolophura japonica (Lischke 1873)陷板石鳖科Crypto placidae红条毛肤石鳖Acanthochiton ruhrolineatu (Lischke l874) 锉石鳖科Ischnochj tonidae朝鲜鳞带石鳖Lepidozona coreanica (Reeve 1847)函馆锉石鳖Ischnochiton hakodaensi (Pilsbry 1893)腹足纲Gastropoda前鳃亚纲Prosobranchia原始腹足目Archaeogastropoda鲍科Haliotidae皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discu hannai ino l952杂色鲍Halioti. diversi -olor Reeve 1846耳鲍Halioti asinina Linnaeus, 1758羊鲍Halioti. ovina Gmelin l79l多变鲍Haliotis varia Linnaeus 1758帽贝科Patellidae龟甲k Cellana testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758)嫁k Cellana toreuma (Reeve 1855)马蹄螺科Trochidae大马蹄螺Trochu. niloticus Linnaeus l767马蹄螺Trochu, maculatus Linnaeu l758塔形马蹄螺Trochus pyrami Born, 1780单齿螺Monodonta labu (Linnaeus 1758)锈凹螺Chlorostoma rustica (Gmelin l758）银口凹螺Chlorostoma argyrostoma (Gmelin 1791)蝾螺科Turbinidae夜光蝾螺Tubo marmoratus Linnaeus 1758节蝾螺Turbo bruneus Roeding 1798金口蝾螺Turbo chry ostomus Linnaeus 1758角蝾螺Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786中腹足目Mesogastropoda=纽舌目?Taenioglossa田螺科Viviparidae中国圆田螺Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray l834)方形环棱螺Bellamya quadrata (Benson, l842)梨形环棱螺Bellamya purificata (Heude, 1890）螺蛳Margarya melanioides Nevill 1877杨宗海螺蛳Margarya yangtsunghaiensis Tchang e Tsi l949 耳河螺Rivularia auriculata (Marten 1875)多棱角螺Angulyagra polyzonata (Frauenfeld 1862)瓶螺科Pilaidae = Ampullariidae光瓶螺Pila polita (Deshayes, 1830)滨螺科Littorinidae (玉黍螺科)短滨螺Littonna (Littorina) brevicula (Philippi l844)螺科Hydrobiidae泥泞拟钉螺Tricula humida (Heude 1890)齿拟钉螺Tri -ula odonta Liu et al. 1983钉螺Oncomelama hupensis Gredler,1881钉螺丘陵亚种On omelania hupensi fausti (Bartsch 1925) 豆螺科Bithyniidae赤豆螺Btthynia fuchsiana (Moellendorff 1888)w豆螺Bithynia miselia (Gredler l884)硬豆螺Bithynia robustu长角涵螺Alocinma longicornis (Benson l842)纹沼螺Purufossarulu striatulu. (Benson 1842)大沼螺Parafossarulu- eximiu (Frauenfeld l864)曲旋沼螺Parafossarulu ?anomalospirali Liu et al l985肋蜷螺科Pleuroseridae方格短沟蜷Semisulcospira -an-ellata (Benson 1833)跑螺科Thiaridae瘤拟黑螺Melanoide- tuberculata (Muller l774)锥螺科Turritellidae锥螺Turritellu terehra 1758)棒锥螺Turritella bacillum Kiener 1845汇螺科Potamididae珠带拟蟹守螺Cerithideopsilla cingulata (Gmelin 1791)古氏滩栖螺Batillaria cumingi (Crosse, l862)疣滩栖螺Batillaria sordida (Gmelin 1791)蟹守螺科Cerithiidae蟹守螺Cerithium nodulosum Bruguiere l792凤螺科Strombidae水晶凤螺Strombus canarium Linnaeus 1758斑凤螺Strombus (Lentigo) lentiginosus Linnaeus 1758篱凤螺Strombus (Conomurex) luhuanus Linnaeus，1758蜘蛛螺Lambis (Lambis) lamtris (Linnaeus, 1758)瘤平顶蜘蛛螺Lambis (Lambis) truncata sebae (Kiener 1843)水字螺Lambis (Harpago) chiragra (Linnaeus 1758）玉螺科Naticidae微黄镰玉螺Lunatia gilva (Philippi, 1851)扁玉螺Neverita didyma (Roeding 1798）梨形乳玉螺Polinices tumidus (Swainson, l840)拟紫口玉螺Natica janthostomoides (Kuroda et Habe l949)斑玉螺Natica tigrina (Roeding 1791)玉螺Natica vitellus (Linnaeus 1758)梭螺科Ovulidae = Amphiperatidae卵梭螺Ovula ovum(Linnaeus 1758)钝梭螺V oypa cofoa (Linnaeus 1758)宝贝科Cypraeidae枣红眼球贝Erosaria (.Ravitrona) helvola (Linnaeus, 1758)货贝Monetaria (Monetaria) moneta (Linnaeus 1758)环纹货贝Monetaria (Omamentaria) annulus (Linnaeus 1758)拟枣贝Erronea (.Erronea) errones (Linnaeus 1758)阿文绶贝Mauritia (Arabica) arabica (Linnaeus, 1758)虎斑宝贝Cypraea (Cypraea) ti-gris Linnaeus 1758山猫眼宝贝Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx Linnaeus, l758卵黄宝贝Cypraea (Lyncina) vitellus Linnaeus 1758肉色宝贝Cypraea (.Lyncina) cameola Linnaeus 1758冠螺科Cassididae唐冠螺Cassis (Cassis) comuta (Linnaeus 1758)沟纹N螺Phalium (Phalium) flammiferum (Roeding, l798)双沟N螺Phalium (Semicassis) bisulcatum (Schubert & Wegner l829)嵌线螺科Cymatiidae法螺Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus, 1758)白法螺Charonia sauliae (Reeve l844)网纹扭螺Distorsio reticulata (Roding, l798)驼背扭螺Distorsio anus (Linnaeus 1758)毛嵌线螺Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus 1758)蛙螺科Bursidae习见蛙螺Bursa (Gyrineum) rana (Linnaeus 1758)土发螺Tutufa bubo (Linnaeus 1758)红口土发螺Tutufa rubeta (Linnaeus l758)鹑螺科Tonnidae沟鹑螺Tonna sulcosa (Born 1778)带鹑螺Tonna olearium (Linnaeus 1758)中国鹑螺Tonna chinensis (Dillwyn 1817)琵琶螺科Ficidae白带琵琶螺Ficus subintermedium (d' Orbigny l852) 杂色琵琶螺Ficus variegata Roeding 1798新腹足目Neogastropoda=Stenoglossa骨螺科Muricidae脉红螺Rapana venosa (Valenciennes 1846)红螺Rapana bezoar (Linnaeus , 1767)骨螺Murex pecten Lightfoot 1786褐棘螺Chicoreus brunneus (Link 1807)棘螺Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758)蛎敌荔枝螺Thais gradata Jonas 1846疣荔枝螺Thais clavigera (Kuster, 1860)黄口荔枝螺Thais luteostoma (Holten, 1803)蟾蜍荔枝螺Thais bufo Lamarck l822蛾螺科Buccinidae香螺Neptunea arthritica cumingii Crosse, l862泥东岖螺Babylonia lutosa (Lamarck l822)方斑东风螺Babylonia areolata (Lamarck, 1807)甲虫螺Cantharus cecillei (Philippi l844)褐管蛾螺Siphonalia spadicea (Reeve l846)皮氏涡蜀螺Volutharpa ampullacea perryi (Jay 1857) 盔螺科Melongemdae=Galeodidae管角螺Hemifusus tuba (Gmelin l798)细角螺Hemifusus tematanus (Gmelin 1791）角螺Hemifusus colosseus (Lamarck 1822)细带螺科Fasciolariidae肋带螺Pleuroploca trapezium (Linnaeus l758)旋纹肋带螺Pleuroploca filamentosa (Roeding l798) 旋棕拳螺V olema (Pugilina) cochlidium Linnaeus l758 榧螺科Olividae伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina Lamarck l844红口榧螺Oliva miniacea Roeding 1798笔螺科Mitridae笔螺Mitra mitra Linnaeus l758犬齿螺科Vasidae=Tubinellidae犬齿螺Vasum Wasum) turbinellus (Linnaeus 1758)竖琴螺科Harpidae大竖琴螺Hara major Roeding 1798涡螺科V olutidae瓜螺Mefo (MeZo) melo (Lightfoot 1786)塔螺科Turridae奇异宽肩螺Thatcheria mirabilis (Angs 1877)芋螺科Conidae织锦芋螺Cony; textile Linnaeus 1758宫庭Conas aulicus Linnaeus 1758地纹芋螺Conas geographus Linnaeus 1758马兰芋螺Conus tulipa Linnaeus l758尖角芋螺Cvnus acutangulus Lamarck 1810尖锥芋螺Cona aculeiformis Reeve l844泡芋螺Cona bullatus Linnaeus 1758线纹芋螺Conus striatus Linnaeus 1758沟芋螺Conas sulcatus Hwass l792笋螺科Terebridae锯齿笋螺Terebra crenulata (Linnaeus 1758)L纹笋螺Terebra maculata (Linnaeus 1758)黄斑笋螺Terebra chlorata Lamarck, 1822白带笋螺Duplicaria dussumierii (Kiener 1839)异腹足目?Hetercigastropoda梯螺科Epitoniidae=Scalariidae梯螺Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus 1758)后鳃亚纲Opisthobranchia头J目?Cephalaspidea阿地螺科Atyidae泥螺Bullacta exarata (Philippi 1848)壳蜂蝓科Philinidae经氏壳蛞蝓Philine kinglipint Tchang l934日本壳蛞蝓Philine Japonica Lischke l874东方壳蛞蝓Philine orientalis A Adams l854拟海牛科Aglajidae=Doridiidae肉食拟海牛Philinopsis giglioli (Tapparone-Canefri l874)无J目?Anaspidea海兔科Aplysiidae蓝斑背肛海兔Notarchus (Bursatella) leachii cirrosus Stimpson 1855 黑斑海兔Aplysia (Varria) kurodai (Baba l937)杂斑海兔Aplysia (Aplysia) juliana (Quoy &. Gaimard l832)网纹海兔Aplysia (Varria) pulmonica Gould l852背J目Notaspidea侧鳃科Pleurobranchidae蓝无壳侧鳃Pleurobranchaea novaezealandiae Cheeseman 1878 肺螺亚纲Pulmonata基眼目?Basommatophora椎实螺科Lymnaeidae耳萝卜螺Radix auricularia (Linnaeus 1758)椭圆萝卜螺Radix s-winhoei (H Adams, 1866)狭萝卜螺Radix lagotis (Schrank, 1803)小土蜗Galba pervia (Martens , 1867)截口土蜗Galba truncatula (Miiller l774)扁卷螺科Planorbidae凸旋螺Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hiitton l849)大脐圆扁螺Hippeutis umbilicalis (Benson, 1836)尖口圆扁螺Hippeutis cantori (Benson 1850)半球多脉扁螺Polypylis hemisphaerula (Benson l842)印度扁蜷螺Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes l834)藁杆双脐螺Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker 1848)柄眼目?Stylommatophora槲果螺科Cochlicopidae滑槲果螺Cochlicopa lubrica (Muller l774)玛瑙螺科Achatinidae褐云玛瑙螺Achatina fulica (Ferussac l82l)坚齿螺科Camaenidae弧形小丽螺Gansella arcasiana (Crosse et Debeaux 1863)巴蜗牛科Bradybaenidae同型巴蜗牛Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac, l82l)灰巴蜗牛Bradybaena ravida (Benson 1842)掘足纲Scaphopoda角贝科Dentaliidae肋变角贝Dentalium octangyiatum Donovan l804大缝角贝Fissidentalium vernedei (Sowerby, 1860)中国沟角贝Striodentalium chinensis Qi and Ma 1989双壳纲Bivalvia蚶目Arcoida蚶科Arcidae榛蚶Arca avellana Lamarck 1819布氏蚶Arca boucard Jousseaume l894布纹蚶Barbatia decussata (Sowerby, 1833)青蚶Barbatia virescens (Reeve l844)双纹须蚶Barbatia bistrigata (Dunker, 1866)古蚶Anadara antiquata (Linnaeus 1758)锈粗饰蚶Anadara ferruginea (Reeve l844)密肋粗饰蚶Anadara crebricostata (Reeve, l844)魁蚶Scapharca broughtonii (Schrenck, 1867)毛蚶Scapharca subcrenata (Lischke , 1869)泥蚶Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus l758)结蚶Tegillarca nodifera (v. Martens, 1860)联珠蚶Mabellarca consociata (Smith 1885)间褶拟蚶Arcopsis interplicata (Grabau &. King l928)橄榄Estellarca olivacea (Reeve l844)褐蚶Didimacar tenebrica (Reeve l844)贻贝目Mytiloida贻贝科Mytilidae紫贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819厚壳贻贝Mytilus coruscus Gould 1861翡翠股贻贝Pernaviridis (Linnaeus 1758)隔贻贝Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus 1758)条纹隔贻贝Septifer virgatus (Wiegmann 1837)偏顶蛤Modiolus (Modiolus) modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)菲律宾偏顶蛤Modiolus (Modiolus) philippinarum (Hanley l844) 麦氏偏顶蛤Modiolus (Modiolus) metcalfei (Hanley, l844)耳偏顶蛤Modiolus {Modiolus) auriculatus (Krauss, l848)鞘偏顶蛤Modiolus (Lioberus) vagina (Lamarck, 1848)长偏顶蛤Modiolus (Modiolusia) elongatus (Swainson l82l)沼蛤Limnoperna fortune (Dunker 1856)大杏蛤Amygdalum Watsoni (Smith l885)凸壳肌蛤Musculu senhousia (Benson, l842)日本肌蛤Musculus japonica (Dunker 1856)光石蛏Lithophaga (Lithophaga) teres (Philippi 1848）短石蛏Lithophaga (Leiosolenus) curta (Lischke l784)硬膜石蛏Lithophaga (Stumpiella) lithura (Pilsbry 1905)江珧科Pinnidae栉江珧Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata (Linnaeus 1767)旗江珧Atrina (Atrina) vexillum (Born 1778)二色裂江珧Finna ttcotor Gmelin 1791珍珠贝目Pterioida珍珠贝科Pteriidae合浦珠母贝Pinctada fucata martensii (Dunker, 1857)珠母贝Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus 1758)大珠母贝Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901)长耳珠母贝Pinctada chemnitz (Philippi 1849)企鹅珍珠贝Pteria (Magnavicuia) penguin (Roding l798)扇贝科Pectinidae长肋日月贝Amusium pleuronecte. pleuronectes (Linnaeus 1758) 花日本日月贝Amusium japonicum halloti (Bernardi 1861)栉孔扇贝Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri (Jones &. Presten, l904) 华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys (Mimachlamys) nobilis (Reeve 1852)平濑掌扇贝Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, l904)新加坡掌扇贝V olachlamys singaporinus (Sowerby, l842)美丽环扇贝Annachlamys macassarensis (Chenui l845)海湾扇贝Argopecten irradans (Lamarck, 1819)虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay 1857)嵌条扇贝Pecten (Notovola) albicans (Schroter l802)箱形扇贝Perten (Minnivola) pyxidatus (Born, 1778)三棱扇贝Serratovola tricarnatus (Anton 1859)海菊蛤科Spondylidae堂皇海菊蛤Spondylus imperialis Chenu l844须毛海菊蛤Spondylus barbatus Reeve l847锉蛤科Limidae习见锉蛤Limavulgaris (Link 1807)中国海大锉蛤Acesta marissinica Yamashita &- Habe 1969不等蛤科Anomiidae中国不等蛤Anomia chinensis Philippi l849海月Placuna placenta (Linnaeus 1758)牡蛎科Ostreidae长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793)近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis (Gould 1861)拟近江牡蛎Crassostrea sp棘剌牡蛎Saccostrea echinata (Quoy et Gaimard 1835)密鳞牡蛎Ostrea denselamellosa Lischke. l869珍珠蚌科Margaritiferidae珠母珍蚌Margaritifera dahurica (Middendorff 1850)蚌科Unionidae圆顶珠蚌Unio douglasiae (Gray 1833)扭蚌Arconaia lanceolata (Lea 1856)圆头楔蚌Cuneopsis heudei (Heude l874)巨首楔蚌Cuneopsis capitata (Heude 1875)鱼尾楔蚌Cuneopsis pisciculus (Heude, 1875)三角帆蚌Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea 1854短褶矛蚌Lanceolaria grayana (Lea l834)剑状矛蚌Lanceolaria gladiola (Heude, l877)射线裂嵴蚌Schistodesmus lampreyanus (Baird et Adams 1867) 背瘤丽蚌Lamprotula leai (Gray, l834)椭圆丽蚌Lamprotula gottschei (V on Martens l894)洞穴丽蚌Lamprotula caveata (Heude 1877)巴氏丽蚌Lamprotula bazin (Heude 1877)三巨瘤丽蚌Lamprotula triclava (Heude 1877)猪耳丽蚌Lamprotula rochechouart' (Heude 1875)佛耳丽蚌Lamprotula mansuyi (Dautzenberg et Fischer 1908) 失衡丽蚌Lamprotula tortuosa (Lea, 1865)绢丝丽蚌Lamprotula fibrosa (Heude 1877)背角无齿蚌Anodonta woodiana (Lea l834)圆背角无齿蚌Anodonta woodiana pacifica (Heude 1878)蚶形无齿蚌Anodonta arcaeformis (Heude 1877)褶纹冠蚌Cristaria plicata (Leach 1815)贝尔冠蚌Cristaria beirensis Liu et Zhang l982高顶鳞皮蚌Lepidodesma languilat (Heude 1877)橄榄蛏蚌Solenaia oleivira (Heude 1877)龙骨蛏蚌Solenaia carinatus (Heude 1877)异齿亚纲Heterodonta帘蛤目Venerbida满月蛤科Lucinidae无齿蛤Anodontia edentula (Linnaeus 1758)长格厚大蛤Codakia tigerina (Linnaeus 1758)猿头蛤科Chamidae敦氏猿头蛤Chiawa dunkeri Lischke 1870草莓猿头蛤Chama fragum Reeve 1846反转拟猿头蛤Pseudochama retroversa (Lischke 1870)心蛤科Carditidae异纹心蛤Cardita variegata Bruguiere l792铁锈帘心蛤Megacardita ferruginosa (Adams and Reeve 1850)乌贼科Sepiidae金乌贼Sepia esculenta Hoyle 1885虎斑乌贼Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg 1831白斑乌贼Sepia latimanus Quoy et Gaimard l832拟目乌贼Sepiay yciWas Gray 1849罗氏乌贼Sepia robsoni Sasakt l929曼氏无针乌贼Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune l884耳乌贼科Sepiolidae双喙耳乌贼Sepiola birostrata Sasaki 1918四盘耳乌贼Euprymna morsei (Verrill, 1881)柏氏四盘耳乌贼Euprymna berryi Sasaki 1929八腕目Octopoda蛸科（章鱼科）Octopodidae短蛸Octopus ocellatus Gray l849短蛸Octopus ovulum (Sasaki 1917)长蛸Octopus variahilis (Sasaki, l929)真蛸Octopus vulgaris Cuvier l797一、多板纲本纲动物全部海产，在软体动物中比较原始，现生种类约有600多种，分布于世界各大洋中，均营底栖生活，从潮间带至5000多米的深海都有发现，但生活在深海的种类很少；在海水盐度较低的河口，也很少有这类动物的分布。
昆虫主要目、科的识别
口器为虹吸式或锉吸式或舐吸式-------------------------7 6、前翅质地均一，口器从头后方生出---------------------同翅目
（四）不全变态类 Hemimetabola
14. 直翅目 Orthoptera 15. 纺足目 Embioptera 16. 重舌目 diploglossata 17. 革翅目 Dermaptera 18. 同翅目 Homoptera 19. 半翅目 Hemiptera 20. 啮虫目 Psocoptera 21. 食毛目 Mallophaga 22. 虱 目 Anoptera 23. 缨翅目 Thysanoptera
园林昆虫常见目比较
直翅目 等翅目
半翅目 同翅目 缨翅目 脉翅目 鳞翅目
鞘翅目 膜翅目 双翅目
口器类型
翅的类型
咀嚼式
前翅复翅、后翅膜翅
咀嚼式 刺吸式
前后翅均为膜翅，且形状、大 小相等
前翅半鞘翅，后翅膜翅
刺吸式 锉吸式
前翅质地均一，后翅膜质 前后翅均为缨翅
咀嚼式
前后翅均为膜翅
幼虫咀嚼式、成 前后翅均为鳞翅 虫虹吸式
园林病虫害防治
昆虫主要目、科的识别
• 一、昆虫纲的分类系统 • 昆虫纲的分目是根据翅的有无及类型、变态的类型、口器
的构造、触角的形状、跗节节数等进行的， 但具体目的数 目及其分类系统， 各分类学家的意见并不一致。
• 与园林植物关系密切的目有直翅目、等翅目、半翅目、同
昆虫的分类
昆虫的分类昆虫的分类标?者为已灭绝的目无翅亚纲（Apterygota）石蛃目（Archaeognatha）缨尾目（Thysanura）单尾目（Monura）?双尾目（Diplura）原尾目（Protura）弹尾目（Collembola）有翅亚纲（Pterygota）古翅下纲（Palaeoptera）（并系）蜉蝣目（Ephemeroptera）古网翅目（Palaeodictyoptera）? Megasecoptera?古蜻蜓目（Archodonata）?透翅目（Diaphanopterodea）?原蜻蜓目（Protodonata）?蜻蛉目（Odonata新翅下纲（Neoptera）外翅总目（Exopterygota）巨翅目（Titanoptera）?原直翅目（Protorthoptera）?恐蠊目（Grylloblattodea）螳?目（Mantophasmatodea）襀翅目（Plecoptera）纺足目（Embioptera）缺翅目（Zoraptera）革翅目（Dermaptera）直翅目（Orthoptera）?目（或竹节虫目）（Phasmatodea）蜚蠊目（Blattodea）等翅目（Isoptera）螳螂目（Mantodea）啮虫目（Psocoptera）缨翅目（Thysanoptera）虱毛目（Phthiraptera）半翅目（Hemiptera）内翅总目（Endopterygota）膜翅目（Hymenoptera）鞘翅目（Coleoptera）捻翅目（Strepsiptera）广翅目（Megaloptera）脉翅目（Neuroptera）长翅目（Mecoptera）蚤目（Siphonaptera）双翅目（Diptera）原双翅目（Protodiptera）?类脉总目（Amphiesmenoptera）毛翅目（Trichoptera）鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）分类地位未定舌鞘目（Glosselytrodea）?Miomoptera?昆虫的分类同其它生物的分类一样，整个生物的分类阶元是：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种七个基本阶元。
自然密码百科上-第6章
第6章中国珍稀濒危植物中英文名录蕨类植物Pteridophytes铁线蕨科Adiantaceae1．荷叶铁线蕨观音座莲科Angiopteridaceae2．原始观音座莲Archangiopterishenryi 铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae3．对开蕨Phyllitisjaponica蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae4．光叶蕨CyStoathyriumchinense 桫椤科Cvatheaceae5．桫椤Alsophilaspinulosa6．笔筒树Sphaeropterislepifera 鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae7．玉龙蕨Sorolepidiumglaciale水韭科Isoetaceae8．宽叶水韭Isoetesjaponica9．中华水韭Isoetessinensis瓶尔小草科Ophioglossaceae10．狭叶瓶尔小草Ophioglossumthermale 鹿角蕨科Platyceriaceae11．鹿角蕨Platyceriumwallichii 水龙骨科Polypodiaceae12．扇蕨Neocheiropterispalmatopedata 中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae13．中国蕨Sinopteridaceae裸子植物Gymnospermae三尖杉科Cephalotaxaceae14．海南粗榧Cephalotarusmannii15．蓖子三尖杉Cephalotarusolireri贡山三尖杉Cephalotaruslanceolata柏科Cupressaceae16．翠柏Calocedrusmacrolepis17．红桧Chamaecyparisformosensis 18．岷江柏木Cupressuschengiana19．巨柏Cupressusgigantea20．福建柏Fokieniahodginsii21．朝鲜崖柏Thujakoraiensis崖柏Thujasutchuenensis苏铁科Cycadaceae22．叉叶苏铁Cyeasmicholitzii23．攀枝花苏铁Cycaspanzhihuaensis 24．篦齿苏铁Cycaspectinata云南苏铁Cycassiamensis25．台湾苏铁Cycastaiwaniana银杏科Ginkgoaceae26．银杏Ginkgobiloba松科Pinaceae27．百山祖冷杉Abiesbeshanzuensis28．秦岭冷杉Abieschensiensis29．梵净山冷杉Abiesfanjingshanensis 30．长苞冷杉Abiesgeorgei31．西伯利亚冷杉Abiessibirica32．元宝山冷杉Abiesyuanbaoshanensis 33．资源冷杉Abiesziyuanensis34．银杉Cathayaargyrophylla35．黄枝油杉Keteleeriacalcarea 柔毛油杉Keteleeriapubescens36．油杉Keteleeriafortunei37．海南油杉Keteleeriahainanensis38．旱地油杉Keteleeriaxerophila39．太白红杉Larixchinensis40．四川红杉Larixmastersiana41．白皮云杉Piceaaurantiaca康定云杉Piceamontigena42．麦吊云杉Piceabrachytyla43．大果青扦Piceaneoreitchii44．西伯利亚云杉Piceaobovata45．长叶云杉Piceasmithiana46．大别山五针松Pinusdabeshanensis47．华南五针松Pinuskwangtungensis48．雅加松Pinusmassonianavar．hainanensis 49．喜马拉雅长叶松Pinusroxburghii50．西伯利亚红松Pinussibirica51．樟子松Pinussylvestris52．长白松Pinussylvestrisvar．svlvestriformis 53．兴凯湖松Pinuswangii54．毛枝五针松Pinuswangii55．金钱松Pseudolarixkaempferi56．短叶黄杉Pseudotsugabrevifolia57．澜沧黄杉Pseudotsugaforrestii58．华东黄杉Pseudotsugagaussenii台湾黄杉Pseudotsugawilsoniana59．黄杉Pseudotsugasinensis60．南方铁杉Tsugachinensis61．丽江铁杉Tsugaforrestii62．长苞铁杉Tsugalongibracteata罗汉松科Podocarpaceae63．陆均松Dacrydiumpierrei64．海南罗汉松Podocarpusannamiensis65．长叶竹柏Podocarpusfleuryi66．鸡毛松Podocarpusimbricatus红豆杉科Taxaceae67．穗花杉Amentotaxusargotaenia台湾穗花杉Amentotaxusformosana68．云南穗花杉Amentotaxusyunnanensis69．白豆杉Pseudotaxuschienii70．喜马拉雅红豆杉TaxusWallichiana71．长叶榧Torreyajackii72．云南榧Torreyayunnanensis杉科Taxodiaceae73．德昌杉木Cunninghamiaunicanaliculata 74．水松Glyptostrobuspensilis75．水杉Metasequoiaglyptostroboides76．秃杉Taiwaniaflousiana台湾杉Taiwaniacryptomerioides被子植物Angiospermae槭树科Aceraceae77．榇叶槭Acercatalpifolium78．庙台槭Acermiaotaiense79羊角槭Aceryangjuechi80．云南金钱槭Dipteroniadyeriana 81．金钱槭Dipteroniasinensis 漆树科Anacardiaceae82．林生杧果Mangiferasylvatica 番荔枝科Annonaceae83．蕉木Oncodostigmahainanensis 84．囊瓣木Saccopetalumprolificum 五加科Araliaceae85．刺五加Acanthopanaxsenticosus86．马蹄参Diplopanaxstachyanthus 87．多室八角金盘Fatsiapolycarpa 88．刺参Oplopanaxelatus89．人参Panaxginseng90．姜状三七Panaxzingiberensis 假人参Panaxpseudoginseng小檗科Berberidaceae91．八角莲Dysosmaversipellis92．桃儿七Sinopodophyllumemodi 桦木科Betulaceae93．盐桦Betulahalophila94．普陀鹅耳枥Carpinusputoensis 95．华榛Coryluschinensis96．天目铁木Ostryarehderiana 伯乐树科Bretschneideraceae97．伯乐树Bretschneiderasinensis 蜡梅科Calycanthaceae98．夏蜡梅Calycanthuschinensis 忍冬科Caprifoliaceae99．七子花Heptacodiummiconioides 100．蝟实Kolkwitxiaamabilis石竹科Caryophyllaceae101．裸果木Gymnocarposprzewalskii 102．金铁锁Psammosilenetunicoides 卫矛科Celastraceae103．膝柄木Bhesasinensis104．十齿花Dipentodonsinicus105．永瓣藤Monimopetalunchinense 连香树科Cercidiphyllaceae106．连香树Cercidiphyllumjaponicum藜科Chenopodiaceae107．梭梭Haloxylonammodendron108．白梭梭Haloxylonpersicum半日花科Cistaceae109．半日花Helianthemumsoongoricum使君子科Combretaceae110．榆绿木Anogeissusacuminatavar．lanceolata 111．萼翅藤Clalycopterisfloribunda112．红榄李Lumnitzeralittorea113．千果榄仁Terminaliamyriocarpa菊科Compositae114．小花异裂菊Heteroplexismicrocephala 绢叶异裂菊Heteroplexisserieophylla异裂菊Heteroplexisvernonioides115．白菊木Leucomerisdecora116．栌菊木Noueliainsignis117．雪莲Saussureainrolucrata118．革苞菊Turgarinoriamongolica 隐翼科Crypteroniaceae119．隐翼Crypteroniapaniculata 四数木科Datiscaceae120．四数木Tetramelesnudiflorn 龙脑香科Dipterocarpaceae121．盈江龙脑香Dipterocarpusretusus 122．狭叶坡垒Hopeachineusis123．无翼坡垒Hopeaexalata124．坡垒Hopeahainanensis125．毛叶坡垒Hopeamollissima126．望天树Parashoreachinensis127．云南娑罗双Shoreaassamica128．青皮Vaticamangachampoi129．广西青梅Vaticaguangxiensis130．版纳青梅Vaticaxishuangbannaensis 胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae131．翅果油树Elaeagnusmollis岩高兰科Empetraceae132．岩高兰Empetrumnigrumvar．japonicum 杜鹃花科Ericaceae133．松毛翠Phyllodocecaerulea134．牛皮杜鹃Rhododendronchrysantlum 苞叶杜鹃Rhododendronredowskianum135．蓝果杜鹃Rhododendroncyanocarpum136．棕背杜鹃Rhododendronfictolacteum 137．似血杜鹃Rhododendronhaematodes138．和蔼杜鹃Rhododendronjucundum139．大树杜鹃Rhododendronprotistumvar．giganteum 140．大王杜鹃Rhododendronrex141．硫黄杜鹃Rhododendronsulphureum杜仲科Eucommiaceae142．杜仲Eucommiaulmoides大戟科Euphorbiaceae143．肥牛树Cephalomappasinensis144．蝴蝶果Cleidiocarponcavaleriei145．海南巴豆Croton146．东京桐Deutzianthustonkienensis壳斗科Fagaceae147．华南锥Castanopsisconcinna148．吊皮锥Castanopsiskawakmii149．大果青冈Cyclobalanopsisrex150．台湾水青冈Fagushayatae151．三棱栎Trigonobalanusdoichangensis 大凤子科Flacourtiaceae152．光叶天料木Homaliumlaoticumvar．alabratum 153．海南大风子154．大叶龙角Taraktogenosannamensis瓣鳞花科Frankeniaceae155．瓣鳞花Frankeniapulverulenta禾本科Gramineae156．短穗竹Brachystachyumdensiflorum157．药用野生稻Oryzaofficinalis疣粒野生稻Oryzagranulata158．普通野生稻Oryzarufipogon159．筇竹Qiongzhueatumidinoda藤黄科Guttiferae160．金丝李Garciniapaucinerris金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae161．山铜材Chuniabucklandioides162．长柄双花木Disanthuscercidifoliusvar．longipes 163．半枫荷Semiliquidambarcathayensis164．山白树Sinowilsoniahenryi165．四药门花Tetrathyriumsubcordatum七叶树科Hippocastanaceae166．云南七叶树Aesculuswangii水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae167．海菜花Otteliaacuminata胡桃科Juglandaceae168．喙核桃Annamocaryasinensis169．核桃楸Juglansmandshurica170．核桃Juglansregia樟科Lauraceae171．油丹Alseodaphnehainanensis皱皮油丹Alseodaphnerugosa172．天竺桂Cinnamomumjaponicum173．银叶桂Cinnamomummairei174．沉水樟cinnamomummicranthum175．天目木姜子Litseaauriculata176．五桠果叶木姜子Litseadilleniifolia 177．思茅木姜子Litseapierreivar．szemois 178．舟山新木姜子Neolitseasericea179．闽楠Phoebebournei180．浙江楠Phoebebournei181．滇楠Phoebenanmu182．楠木Phoebezhennan豆科Leguminosae183．顶果木Acrocarpusfraxinifolius184．沙冬青Ammopiptanthusmongolicus185．矮沙冬青Ammopiptanthusnanus186．黄芪Astragalusmembranaceus蒙古黄芪Astragalusmembranaceusvar．mongolicus 187．版纳黑檀Dalbergiafuscavar．enneandra188．降香黄檀Dalbergiaodorifera189．格木Erythrophleumfordii190．胡豆莲Euchrestajaponica191．绒毛皂荚Gleditsiavestita192．野大豆Glycinesoja193．红豆树Ormosiahosiei194．缘毛红豆Ormosiahowii195．任木Zeniainsignis百合科Liliaceae196．剑叶龙血树Dracaenacochinchinensis小花龙血树Dracaenacambodiana197．平贝母Fritillariaussuriensis198．新疆贝母Fritillariawalujewii 伊犁贝母Fritillariapallidiflora199．延龄草Trilliumtschonoskii 西藏延龄草Trilliumgovanianum亚麻科Linaceae200．粘木Ixonantheschinensis千屈菜科Lythraceae201．云南紫薇Lagerstroemiaintermedia 本兰科Magnoliaceae202．长蕊木兰Alcimandracathcartii203．地枫皮Illiciumdifengpi204．鹅掌楸Liriodendronchinense205．天目木兰Magnoliaamoena206．黄山木兰Magnoliacylindrica207．大叶木兰Magnoliahenryi208．厚朴Magnoliaofficinalis凹叶厚朴Magnoliaofficinalissubsp．biloba 209．长喙厚朴Magnoliarostrata210．小花木兰Magnoliasieboldii211．圆叶玉兰Magnoliasinensis212．西康玉兰Magnoliawilsonii213．宝华玉兰Magnoliazenii214．香木莲Manglietiaaromatica215．大果木莲Manglietiagrandis216．红花木莲Manglietiainsignis217．大叶木莲Manglietiamegaphylla218．巴东木莲Manglietiapatungensis219．华盖木Manglietiastrumsinicum220．香籽含笑Micheliahedyosperma221．峨眉含笑Micheliahedyosperma222．乐东拟单性木兰Parakmerialotungensis 223．云南拟单性木兰Parakmeriayunnanensis 峨眉拟单性木兰Parakmeriaomeiensis224．合果木Paramicheliabaillonii225．水青树Tetracentronsinensis226．观光木Tsoongiodendronodorum楝科Meliaceae227．粗枝木楝Amooradasyclada228．红椿Toonaciliata防己科Menispermaceae229．藤枣Fleutharrhanemacrocarpa桑科Moraceae230．见血封喉Antiaristoricaria231．滇波罗蜜Artocarpuslakoocha白桂木Artocarpushypargyreus芭蕉科Musaceae232．兰花蕉Orchidanthachinensis肉豆蔻科Myristicaceae233．琴叶风吹楠Horsfieldiapandurifolia234．滇南风吹楠Horsfieldiatetratepala 海南风吹楠Horsfieldiahainanensis235．云南肉豆蔻Myristicayunnanensis 蓝果树科Nyssaceae236．珙桐Davidiainvoluctata光叶珙桐Davidiainvolucratavar．vilmoriniana 237．毛叶紫树Nyssayunnanensis金莲木科Ochnaceae238．合柱金莲木Siniarhodoleuca铁青树科Olacaceae239．蒜头果Malaniaoleifera木犀科Oleaceae240．水曲柳Frarinusmandshurica241．羽叶丁香Syringapinnatifolia贺兰山丁香Syringapinnatifoliavar．alashanica 柳叶菜科Onagraceae242．南湖柳叶菜Epilobiumnankotaizanense 兰科Orchidaceae243．无喙兰Archinecttiagaudissartii244．双蕊兰Diplandrorchissinica245．独花兰Changnieniaamoena246．黑节草Dendrobiumcandidum247．天麻Gastrodiaelata248．台湾蝶兰Phalaenopsisaphrodite249．金佛山兰Tangtsiniananchuanica 列当科Orobanchaceae250．草苁蓉Boschniakiarossica251．肉苁蓉Cistanchedeserticola 管肉苁蓉Cistanchetubulosa棕榈科Palmae252．槿棕Caryotaurens253．琼棕Chuniophoenixhainanensis 矮琼棕Chuniophoenixhumilis254．水椰Nypafruticans255．龙棕Trachycarpusnana远志科Polygalaceae256．巨花远志Polygalaarcuata山龙眼科Proteaceae257．瑞丽山龙眼Heliciaxhweliensis258．假山龙眼Heliciopsisterminalis太花草科Rafflesiaceae259．台湾帽蕊草Mitrastemonkawasakii毛莨科Ranunculaceae260．短柄乌头Aconitumbrachypodum皱叶乌头Aconitumnagarumvar．heterotrichum261．星叶草Circaeasteragrestis262．短萼黄连Coptischinensisvar．brevisepala 黄连Coptischinensis263．峨眉黄连Coptisomeiensis264．云南黄连Coptisteeta265．独叶草Kingdoniauniflora266．黄牡丹Paeoniadelarayivar．lutea267．紫斑牡丹Paeoniasuffruticosavar．papaveracea 矮牡丹Paeoniasuffruticosavar．spontanea268．四川牡丹Paeoniaszechuanica 鼠李科Rhamnaceae269．小勾儿茶Berchemiellawilsonii 红树科Rhizophoracea270．锯叶竹节树Caralliadiplopetela 271．山红树Pellacalyxyunnanensis 马尾树科Rhoipteleaceae272．马尾树Rhoipteleachiliantha 蔷薇科Posaceae273．山楂海棠Maluskomarovii274．峨眉山莓草Sibbaldiaomeiensis 275．新疆野苹果Malussieversii276．锡金海棠Malussikkimensis277．绵刺Potaniniamongolica278．蒙古扁桃Prunusmongolica279．香水月季Rosaodorata280．玫瑰Rosarugosa281．黄山花楸Sorbusamabilis282．太行花Taihangiarupestris缘毛太行花Taihangiarupestrisvar．ciliata 茜草科Rubiaceae283．绣球茜Dunniasinensis284．香果树Emmenopteryshenryi285．巴戟天Morindaofficinalis286．异形玉叶金花Mussaendaanomala 芸香科Rutaceae287．黄檗Phellodendronamurense杨柳科Salicaceae288．钻天柳Choseniaarbutifolia289．胡杨Populuseuphratica290．灰杨Populuspruinosa291．大叶柳Salixmagnifica292．长白柳Salixpolyadeniavar．tschangbaischanica 无患子科Sapindaceae293．田林细子龙Amesiodendrontienlinensis294．龙眼Dimocarpuslongan295．伞花木Eurycorymbuscaraleriei296．掌叶木Handeliodendronbodinieri297．野生荔枝Litchichinensisvar．euspontanea298．爪耳木Otophoraunilocularis299．海南假韶子Paranepheliumhainanense300．绒毛番龙眼Pometiatomentosa301．千果木Xerospermumbonii山榄科Sapotaceae302．海南紫荆木Madhucahainanensis303．紫荆木Madhucapasquieri虎耳草科Saxifragaceae304．黄山梅Kirengeshomapalmata305．蛛网萼Platycraterarguta玄参科Scrophulariaceae306．胡黄连Neopicrorhizascrophulariiflora 海桑科Sonneratiaceae307．海南海桑Sonneratiahainanensis 省沽油科Staphyleaceae308．银鹊树Tapisciasinensis百部科Stemonaceae309．金刚大Croomiajaponica梧桐科Sterculiaceae310．海南梧桐Firmianahainanensis311．云南梧桐Firmianamajor312．蝴蝶树Heritieraparvifolia313．景东翅子树Pterospermumkingtungense 314．勐仑翅子树Pterospermummenglunenae 315．云南翅子树Pterospermumyunnanense 316．粗齿梭罗Reevesiarotundifolia 安息香科Styracaceae317．银钟花Halesiamacgregorii318．白辛树Pterostyraxpsilophylla319．木瓜红Rehderodendronmacrocarpum320．长果秤锤树Sinojackiadolichocarpa 321．秤锤树Sinojackiaxylocarpa蒟蒻薯科Taccaceae322．蒟蒻薯Taccachantrieri柽柳科Tamaricaceae323．沙生柽柳Tamarixtaklamakanensis山茶科Theaceae324．圆籽荷Apterospermaoblata325．金花茶Camelliachrysantha显脉金花茶Camelliaeuphlebia东兴金花茶Camelliathunhinensis平果金花茶Camelliapingguoensis毛瓣金花茶Camelliapubipetala326．红皮糙果茶Camelliacrapnelliana327．大苞白山茶Camelliagranthamiana328．长瓣短柱茶Camelliagrijsii329．云南山茶花Camelliareticulata330．野茶树Camelliasinensisvar．assamica 331．猪血木Euryodendronexcelsum332．紫茎Stewartiasinensis瑞香科Thymelaeaceae333．土沉香Aquilariasinensis椴树科Tiliaceae334．柄翅果Burretiodendronesquirolii 335．蚬木Burretiodendronhsienmu336．桂滇桐Craigiakwangsiensis337．滇桐Craigiayunnanensis昆栏树科Trochodendraceae338．领春木Eupteleapleiospermum339．昆栏树TRochodendronaralioides 榆科Ulmaceae340．油朴Celtiswightii341．青檀Pteroceltistatarinowii342．瑯玡榆Pteroceltistatarinowii343．长序榆Ulmuselongata344．醉翁榆Ulmusgaussenii伞形科Umbelliferae345．明党参Changiumsmyrnioides346．新疆阿魏Ferulasinkiangensis347．珊瑚菜Glehnialittoralis荨麻科Urticaceae348．舌柱麻Archiboehmeriaatrata349．火麻树Laporteaurentissima350．锥头麻Poikilospermumsuaveolense马鞭草科Verbenaceae351．云南石榇Gmelinaarborea352．苦榇Gmelinahainanensis353．思茅豆腐柴Premnaszemaoensis【资源分布】全国各地多栽培作绿篱。
链化合物和配体、及其制备方法[发明专利]
![链化合物和配体、及其制备方法[发明专利]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5bc7f92a4028915f814dc2e3.png)
专利名称：链化合物和配体、及其制备方法
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：隅田泰生,荒野明男,楠本正一,迈克尔·索贝尔申请号：CN03824531.0
申请日：20030908
公开号：CN1688598A
公开日：
20051026
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：一种链化合物，其具有通式(1)，(式中，n为1到6的整数)所示的结构。
上述X的结构中，具有由3或4条末端具有芳香族胺基且主链上可以有碳－氮键的烃衍生链而形成的多分支结构部分。
此外，配体是通过将上述链化合物引入糖分子而形成的。
申请人：独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构,国立大学法人鹿儿岛大学
地址：日本国埼玉县
国籍：JP
代理机构：北京科龙寰宇知识产权代理有限责任公司
代理人：孙皓晨
更多信息请下载全文后查看。
一种奇特的植物写一篇英语作文
一种奇特的植物写一篇英语作文English Answer:The plant known as the Venus flytrap, alsoscientifically known as Dionaea muscipula, is a carnivorous plant that has adapted to live in nutrient-poor environments. It is native to the subtropical wetlands of the southeastern United States. The Venus flytrap is characterized by its unique leaf structure, which consists of two hinged lobes that snap shut when triggered by an insect or other small prey.The lobes of the Venus flytrap are lined with tiny trigger hairs. When an insect or other small creature touches these hairs, it sends a signal to the plant, causing the lobes to snap shut. The edges of the lobes are lined with interlocking teeth, which trap the prey inside. The plant then produces enzymes that digest the insect, absorbing the nutrients it contains.The Venus flytrap is a relatively small plant, with leaves that typically grow to be about 2-3 inches long. However, it is a very effective predator, and can catch and digest insects that are much larger than itself. The plant can also survive for long periods of time without food, making it well-suited to its nutrient-poor habitat.In addition to its unique leaf structure, the Venus flytrap also has a number of other adaptations that help it to survive in its harsh environment. For example, the plant has a thick, waxy cuticle that helps to protect it from water loss. It also has a high tolerance for drought, and can survive for long periods of time without water.The Venus flytrap is a fascinating plant that has evolved a number of unique adaptations to help it survivein its nutrient-poor environment. It is a testament to the power of evolution, and to the amazing diversity of life on Earth.中文回答：捕蝇草，也被称为维纳斯捕蝇器，是一种食虫植物，它适应了生活在营养贫乏的环境中。
英语作文奇特植物介绍
英语作文奇特植物介绍In the vast expanse of nature, there exists a plethora of plants that defy the norm and capture the imagination. Today, I would like to introduce a peculiar plant that has piqued the interest of botanists and plant enthusiasts alike: the Venus Flytrap.The Venus Flytrap, scientifically known as Dionaea muscipula, is a carnivorous plant native to the subtropical wetlands of the East Coast of the United States, particularly in North and South Carolina. This plant is a marvel of evolution, having developed a unique method of capturing and digesting insects to supplement its nutrient intake in the nutrient-poor soils where it grows.The most striking feature of the Venus Flytrap is its leaves, which are modified into specialized structures that function as traps. Each leaf is split into two lobes, which are hinged at the base and lined with tiny, hair-like triggers. When an unsuspecting insect alights upon the leaf, it unknowingly sets off a delicate balance. The moment the trigger hairs are touched twice or more within a short time frame, the lobes snap shut with astonishing speed, trapping the insect within.Once trapped, the insect struggles, but to no avail. The inner surface of the lobes is coated with sticky mucilage and sharp, inward-pointing hairs that prevent escape. The plant then begins to secrete digestive enzymes, breaking down theinsect's soft tissues. Over the course of several days, the nutrients are absorbed by the plant, and once the feeding process is complete, the lobes reopen, ready to ensnare another victim.The Venus Flytrap's ability to attract insects is not solely due to its appearance; it emits a sweet scent that lures unsuspecting prey. This deceptive allure, combined with its rapid and efficient trapping mechanism, has earned the Venus Flytrap a place among the most intriguing and well-studied plants in the world.Cultivation of this plant requires specific conditions to mimic its natural habitat. It thrives in consistently moist soil with high acidity and direct sunlight. The Venus Flytrap is also sensitive to cold temperatures, making it a plantthat requires careful attention and a controlled environment.In conclusion, the Venus Flytrap is a testament to the diversity and adaptability of life on Earth. Its unique characteristics and carnivorous nature make it a fascinating subject for study and a captivating addition to anycollection of rare and exotic plants. As we continue to explore and learn more about our natural world, plants like the Venus Flytrap remind us of the endless possibilities of life's forms and the intricate balance of ecosystems.。
蟹爪莲植物的作文
蟹爪莲植物的作文The clawed water lily, also known as the bladderwort plant, is a fascinating aquatic plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. 蟹爪莲，又称为倒吊兰，是一种迷人的水生植物，属于狸藻属。
This unique plant is characterized by its claw-like structures that float on the surface of the water, resembling the shape of a crab's claw, hence the name "clawed water lily". 这种独特的植物以其类似螃蟹爪形状的结构而闻名，漂浮在水面上，因此得名“蟹爪莲”。
The clawed water lily is a carnivorous plant, feeding on small aquatic organisms such as mosquito larvae and tiny crustaceans that get trapped in its bladder-like structures. 蟹爪莲是一种食肉植物，以小型水生生物如蚊虫幼虫和微小的甲壳动物为食，它们会被困在其类似囊状的结构中。
The bladder-like traps of the clawed water lily are highly specialized structures that are capable of capturing prey with remarkable speed and efficiency. 蟹爪莲的囊状陷阱是高度特化的结构，能够以令人惊奇的速度和效率捕捉猎物。
刺胞动物门
谢谢观看
细胞组织分化
刺胞动物不仅有细胞分化，而且开始分化出简单的组织。刺胞动物的体壁由外胚层、内胚层和两层细胞之间 的中胶层构成。外胚层有4种细胞：上皮肌肉细胞、腺细胞、间细胞、刺细胞。
上皮肌肉细胞（epithelio-muscular cell）的特点是在上皮细胞内包含有肌原纤维。这种细胞具有上皮和 肌肉的功能，所以称为上皮肌肉细胞（epithelio-muscular cell）简称皮肌细胞。同时刺胞动物的上皮还具有 像神经一样的传导功能，这是近些年来应用电生理学技术和电子显微镜检来研究腔肠动物神经的一个发现。非神 经的传导（non-nervous conduction）或类神经（neuroid）传导，首先是在腔肠动物得到证实的。上皮肌肉细 胞既属于上皮，也属于肌肉的范围。这表明上皮与肌肉没有分开，是一种原始的现象。一般在上皮肌肉细胞的基 部延伸出一个或几个细长的突起，其中有肌原纤维（myofibrils），也有的上皮成分不发达，成为肌细胞 （myocyte），有的是上皮成分发达，细胞呈扁平状，肌原纤维呈单向排列，或者是2排肌原纤维呈垂直排列，也 有的上皮成分发达呈圆柱状，周围有一系列的平滑肌环。肌纤维也分为横纹肌、斜纹肌和平滑肌。每个肌原纤维 都是由一束细丝组成，这些丝又分粗、细2种，与高等动物粗（肌球蛋白）、细（肌动蛋白）丝相似，其收缩机理 也和高等动物的相似。关于肌肉的神经支配了解的不多，有的实验证明，刺胞动物的神经与肌肉的接触部分—— 神经肌肉突触（neuromuscular synapses）的超微结构和神经肌肉连接（neuromus-cular junction），也都 与高等动物的相似。
植物大战僵尸新版植物中英文对照表
Immortal
永生之路
Towering Wisdom
象牙塔
Mustache Mode
胡须模式
双发射手/双发豌豆
双发
Puff-Shroom
小喷菇/喷汽蘑菇
小蘑菇，免费蘑菇，免费货，炮灰
Sun—Shroom
阳光菇/阳光蘑菇
/
Fume-Shroom
大喷菇/烟雾蘑菇
大蘑菇，喷子
Grave Buster
墓碑吞噬者/墓碑苔藓
/
Hypno-Shroom
魅惑菇/催眠蘑菇
催眠，迷惑菇,花蘑菇,毒蘑菇
Scaredy—Shroom
水豆不容
Roll Some Heads
摇头晃掉脑
Grounded
地面部队
Zombologist
僵尸发烧友
Penny Pincher
一分也不能少
Sunny Days
须晴日
Popcorn Party
爆米花派对
Good Morning
蘑菇,早安
No Fungus Among us
无菌之夜
Beyond the Grave
高重力
ZomBotany 2
植物僵尸2
Wall-nut Bowling 2
坚果保龄球2
Grave Danger
坟墓模式
墓碑大威胁
Art Challenge Wall—nut
坚果艺术锦标赛
Squirrels
松鼠
抓松鼠
Heat Wave
热浪
（NDS版）
Homerun Derby
本垒打竞赛
(NDS版)
Air Raid
英文名
中文名
使用粪堆数量估计日本奄美群岛上琉球兔的种群数量
使用粪堆数量估计日本奄美群岛上琉球兔的种群数量Ken SUGIMURA;Fumio YAMADA【期刊名称】《动物学报（英文版）》【年(卷),期】2004(050)004【摘要】To measure the abundance of the endangered Amami rabbit on Amami Island, we counted their fecal pellets on forest roads, streams and forest floors. The estimation model comprised the number of new pellets, their age, the total number of pellets, average number of pellets produced in a day and a regression equation between the number of pellets on a forest floor and streamside. We estimated the total number of rabbits tobe 2 500 - 6 100 in 1993 - 1994 and 2 000 -4 800 in 2002 - 2003. We examined the validity of the model by comparing the fecal abundance and the number of rabbits observed along forest roads. Finally we applied previous survey data to the model in order to estimate the degree of population decline [Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (4): 519- 526, 2004].%为了测量奄美岛上濒危物种琉球兔(Pentalagus furnessi)的丰盛度,我们计数了森林中道路、溪流和森林地被物中的粪堆数量.计算用的模型包括新粪堆的数量及其年龄、总粪堆数量、每天产生的平均粪堆数,以及在森林地被物和溪边的粪堆数量的回归方程.估计在1993-1994年期间该岛上有2 500-6 100只琉球兔,在2002-2003年间有2 000-4 800只.通过比较粪便丰盛度和在森林道路旁观察到的琉球兔数量,我们考察了该模型的有效性,最后将以前调查的数据应用于该模型以确定种群下降的程度[动物学报50(4):519-526,2004].【总页数】8页(P519-526)【作者】Ken SUGIMURA;Fumio YAMADA【作者单位】Forest Management Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref. 305-8687,Japan;Forest Animals Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref. 305-8687, Japan【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q959.836因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
用英文介绍西红柿
In conclusion, tomatoes are not just a tasty fruit; they are also incredibly healthy and营养价值. With their rich red color, juicy texture, and diverse culinary uses, tomatoes are sure to please the palate and nourish the body
Part 3
Nutritional Value
Nutritional Value
Tomatoes are an excellent source of several nutrients, including vitamins A, C, and K, as well as potassium and folate. They are also rich in lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that may help reduce the risk of certain cancers and heart disease. Tomatoes also contain fiber and are low in calories, making them an ideal snack food
中国绿蟹蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科)
中国绿蟹蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科)
唐果;尹长民;彭贤锦
【期刊名称】《动物分类学报》
【年(卷),期】2005(030)004
【摘要】记述了采自中国湖南省石门县壶瓶山国家自然保护区境内的蟹蛛科Thomisidae绿蟹蛛属Oxytate 1新种:微绿蟹蛛Oxytate minuta sp.nov,新种与冲绳绿蟹蛛Oxytatehoshizuna Ono,1978较为近似,但有以下几点不同:1)身体大小、形状差别较大,本种身体微小2.60,而后者一般在7.00以上,2)本种插入器隆起于生殖球之上,而后者并不如此.模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院.文中量度单位为mm.词源:本种以其体型微小而命名.
【总页数】2页(P733-734)
【作者】唐果;尹长民;彭贤锦
【作者单位】湖南师范大学生命科学学院长沙 410081;湖南师范大学生命科学学院长沙 410081;湖南师范大学生命科学学院长沙 410081
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】Q95
【相关文献】
1.新疆维吾尔自治区褐绿蟹蛛属—新种(蜘蛛目：蟹蛛科) [J], 梁铁;朱传典
2.中国花蟹蛛属(蜘蛛目:蟹蛛科)1新种记述 [J], 李宗煦;杨自忠
3.贵州微蟹蛛属一新种及裸微蟹蛛的雄性新发现(蜘蛛目:蟹蛛科) [J], 王成; 甘佳慧;
米小其
4.中国冕蟹蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科) [J], 唐果;尹长民;彭贤锦
5.中国绿蟹蛛属一新种：（蜘蛛目：蟹蛛科） [J], 张永靖;尹长民
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219…
…out of 1,000 women in Liberia are between 15 and 19 years old when they give birth for the first time.
Zonta International …and this is where the global Fistula Campaign of the UNFPA comes in:
• • •
Raising awareness Building medical capability Giving many young women who live in a state of constant despair…
Their Lives Back
Zonta International
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The fistula victims in Liberia thank you for
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Treatment
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Social Reintegration
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$300 will give a woman Back her life
“In the 21st century no woman should have to give her life to give life”
Zonta International
20 women
…for every woman who dies there are twenty more who suffer from the consequences of a difficult pregnancy or complicated childbirth.
your support
Zonta International
At least 2,000,000 women worldwide suffer from an obstetric fistula
Zonta International
There is good news: 90 per cent …
Zonta International
…is the success rate of state of the art reconstructive surgery.
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$130
national net income per person and year in Liberia
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Ready to Return to Life
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Prevention
Zonta International Fistula is a heart-breaking problem Zonta can play a major role in
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Zonta International Project to eliminate Obstetric Fistula in Liberia
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A heart-breaking problem that too few know about and even fewer support
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A Woman Dies Every Minute in the developing world as a result of pregnancy and childbirth.
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Zonta International
$5 to feed a patient for one week after
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$10 to transport a patient to the hospital $80 for surgical tools $60 for a caesarean section