Unit 1 Living well

2．动词不定式作宾语 (1)常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want, agree, desire, determine, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, offer,
manage, intend, learn, afford等。
常见的可以跟不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, appear等。
动词不定式作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容，而且含有将来意
义。 His only wish is to become a doctor. 他仅有的愿望是做一名医生。 You seem to be sick. 你看起来好像生病了。
5．动词不定式作定语
三、动词不定式的句法功能 1．动词不定式作主语 不定式(短语)作主语，位于句首，但为了保持句子平衡，往
往把不定式(短语)置于句尾，而用it作形式主语。
To finish this job in one day is not possible. →It is not possible to finish this job in one day. 在一天里完成这项工作是不可能的。
He thinks it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
他认为在如此短的时间内完成工作是不可能的。
3．动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1) 常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask, tell,
invite, force, want, wish, teach, get, beg, allow, forbid, encourage, advise, persuade等。 They told him not to be late again. 他们告诉他不要再迟到了。 The parents don't allow their children to go out at night. 父母不让他们的孩子们晚上外出。
【注意】
以上类型的句子变为被动语态时，省略的不定式
符号to必须恢复(let除外)。
I often hear him sing this song.(主动)我经常听到他唱这首歌。
He is often heard to sing this song.(被动)经常听到他唱这首歌。
4．动词不定式作表语
不定式作定语必须后置。有时，不定式与其所修饰Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu是逻辑
I have a book to read. 我有本书要读。 She has a baby to look after. 她要照看婴儿。 He needs a chair to sit on.
上的动宾关系。当这个动词是不及物动词时，它必须与介词连用。
他需要一把椅子来坐。
6．动词不定式作状语 (1)不定式作状语表示目的、原因或结果等意义。 He went to the night school to study English. 为了学习英语，他去了夜校。 She wept to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，她哭了。 He lived to be 105 years old. 他活到了105岁。
He is considering when to hold a party. 他在考虑什么时间办个聚会。 (3)在某些复合宾语中，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语 的不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
I think it important to keep the society steady.
我认为保持社会稳定很重要。
(2)不定式作目的状语时，有时为了强调，可以用so as to...(以 便，为了)或in order to...(为了„„)。so as to引导的状语不可位于 句首。 We took a taxi to the station so as to catch the train.
二、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式具有动词的某些特征，它可以有自己的宾语、状
语。
My idea is to climb the mountain this weekend. 这周末我想去爬山。 He wanted to find that dictionary as soon as possible. 他想尽快去找那本字典。
I hope to join the Party. 我希望能入党。 We all agreed to have a tour on holidays. 我们大家都同意假期去旅游。
(2) 可用“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语的动词有： know,
learn, decide, think, consider, observe, wonder, settle, inquire等。
Unit 1
Living well
Part Ⅲ
Grammar
一、动词不定式的形式 主动式 一般式 完成式 进行式 to do to have done to be doing 被动式 to be done to have been done
The boy wanted to make a model plane. 这男孩想做一个飞机模型。 He seemed to have heard about that matter. 他好像已经听说了那件事。 That book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说那本书已经被翻译成许多种语言。 I happened to be reading that book, too. 我恰巧也在读那本书。
(2) 表示使役的动词 make, let, have 和表示感官的动词 hear, watch, see, notice, observe, feel, listen to, look at，其后用不带to的 不定式作宾语补足语。
Let him try once more.
让他再试一次。 I saw him enter the room. 我看见他进了房间。