08-英语试题

广西大学2011年博士研究生入学考试试卷适用专业：考试科目代码：科目名称：英语请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试卷上无效）。

Part I Cloze (15%)Directions:There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Nobody likes insects. They are 1 and sometimes dangerous. Some of them bite us and give us 2 ; others bite us and give us big red spots. Some do not bite; but they just fly round our heads or crawl around our houses and gardens. And we do not like any of them 3 those lovely butterflies.But insets are interesting. First, they are very 4 animals. Three hundred and twenty million years ago there were no men and other 5 in the world but there were insects. Today, on every square mile of land there are millions of them flying and crawling 6 . Second, insects are very 7 to their habitat, to their food and to the weather. Now there are about a million different species in the world. Then 8 do people use insecticides?Not many insects hurt us. In many cases we do not see the insects and we do not think much about them. The 9 is that insects eat so much of man’s food, 10 there are so many billions of them. So we must use insecticides to 11 them.An insecticide is simply a special chemical 12 with some poisonous elements. Farmers13 their crops very often and the insects die very quickly. Of course some poisonous chemicals14 on the crops or in the 15 , and that is also dangerous to our health.1. A) wicked B) exciting C) troubling D) annoying2. A) wounds B) diseases C) illness D) sickness3. A) besides B) but C) including D) except4. A) old B) delicate C) small D) weak5. A) mammals B) cats C) reptiles D) birds6. A) over B)above C) about D) up7. A) suitable B) adaptable C) agreeable D) changeable8. A) when B) how C) where D) why9. A) difference B) condition C) method D) reason10. A) so B) or C) and D) for11. A) put an end to B) take care of C) get rid of D) get hold of12. A) medicine B) sections C) compound D) material13. A) spray B) cover C) clean D) splash14. A) drop B) disappear C) stay D) leave15. A) soil B) dirt C) earth D) mudPart II Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark — alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump — convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn’t. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won’t end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient’s chest. The first sample products aren’t expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they’ll work, and that America’s overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation’s health.16. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _________________.A) a technical failureB) a technical wonderC) a good life-saverD) an effective means to treat heart disease17. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. ________________ .A) has been banned by the government from producing artificial heartsB) will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new modelsC) may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial heartsD) can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years18. The new models of artificial hearts are expected _______________ .A) to have a working life of 10 or 20 yearsB) to be set fully in the patient’s chestC) to be equipped with an external power sourceD) to create a new passage for infection19. The word “them” in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to ______________ .A) doctors who treat heart diseasesB) makers of artificial heartsC) America’s health-care programsD) new models of artificial hearts20. Some people feel that _____________ .A) artificial hearts are seldom effectiveB) the country should not spend so much money on artificial heartsC) the country is not spending enough money on artificial heartsD) America’s health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation’s healthPassage TwoQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child - or even an animal, such as a pigeon - can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make the individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face”looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person”, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types — people are described with such terms.People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s (坏人) or the her’s role. In fact, the words “person” and“personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.21. By using the example of fingerprints, the author tells us that _____________________________ .A) people can learn to recognize facesB) people have different personalitiesC) people have difficulty in describing the features of fingerprintsD) people differ from each other in facial features22. According to this passage, some animals have the gift of _______________________________ .A) telling people apart by how they behaveB) typing each otherC) telling good people from bad peopleD) recognizing human faces23. Who most probably knows best how to describe people’s personality?A) The ancient Greek audienceB) The movie actorsC) PsychologistsD) The modern TV audience24. According to the passage, it is possible for us tell one type of person from another because.A) people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristicsBhuman fingerprints provide unique information)C) people’s behavior can be easily described in wordsD) human faces have complex features25. Which of the following is the major point of the passage?A) Why it is necessary to identify people’s personalityB) Why it is possible to describe peopleC) How to get to know peopleD) How best to recognize peoplePassage ThreeQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The earlier type of suburb, which was most dependent on the railroad, had a special advantage that could be fully appreciated only after it had disappeared. These suburbs, spread out along a railroad line, were discontinuous and properly spaced; and without the aid of legislation they were limited in population as well as area; for the biggest rarely held as many as ten thousand people, and under five thousand was more usual. In 1950, for example, Bronxville, New York, a typical upper-class suburb, had 6,778 people, while Riverside, Illinois, founded as early as 1869, and had only 9,153.The size and scale of the suburb, that of a neighborhood unit, was not entirely the result of its open planning, which favored low densities. Being served by a railroad line, with station stops from three to five miles apart, there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community. Houses had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.Through its spaced station stops, the railroad suburb was at first kept from spreading or excessively increasing in numbers, for a natural greenbelt, often still under cultivation as park, gardens, remained between the suburbs and increased the available recreation area. Occasionally, in a few happy areas like Westchester, between 1915 and 1935, a parkway, like the Bronx River parkway, accompanied by continuous strip of park for pedestrian use, not yet overrun by a constant stream of urban traffic, added to the perfection of the whole suburban pattern. Whatever one might say of the social disadvantages this was in many ways a perfect physical environment. But it lasted less than a generation.26. What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?A) Its nearness to the railroad.B) The vastness of its open space.C) Its small size in area and population.D) The high social status of its residents.27. The size of the old suburb was limited because ______________________________________ .A) people wanted to live near a railroad stationB) it was originally planned by railroad companiesC) there was a law governing the size of the suburbD) local inhabitants didn’t like to live out in the country28. “Happy areas” (Para 3, Line 4) were areas where ____________________________________.A) life was enjoyed by everyoneB) more roads were built to bypass the heavy trafficC) a greenbelt was available solely for recreationD) people could have lots of fun29. It is evident that the writer ___________________________________.A) finds urban life uncomfortableB) prefers life in the countrysideC) feels disappointed in the changes of suburbsD) advocates the idea of returning to nature30. The topic discussed in the passage is “____________________________________”.A) the size and scale of suburban neighborhood unitsB) the advantage of old-type suburbsC) the location of railroad stationsD) the concept of the suburban patternPassage FourQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Protests at the use of animals in research have taken on a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trail. The Defence Research Society had taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defence. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to utter placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.31. The words “these developments” (para.2, Line l) most probably refer to .A) the acts of violence against scientistsC) the use of animals in researchC) the techniques of planting bombs in carsD) the establishment of new animal protection organizations32. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) The police abandoned their efforts to find the criminals.B) The terrorists escaped with the help of their organizations.C) The attempted murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.D) People sympathized with the animal protectors in spite of their extremist acts.33. The author’s purpose in writing this article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations .A) declare their objectives clearlyB) give up the use of violenceC) continue the dialogue with the scientific communityD) help to find those responsible for the attempted murder34. In the author’s opinion _______________________________ .A) since people can lie, the problem about the rights of scientists can’t be solved.B) animal-protecting organizations should be held responsible for acts of violence against scientists.C) animal protection organizations should be declared illegalD) the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves35. What does the word “they” (Para.3, Line 4) refer to?A) The animal-protecting organizations.B) The organizations that will talk with the research community.C) Those who support the use of animals in research.D) Those who support the animal-protection organizations.Passage FiveQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise —— and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties (功能).) Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”36. The team of doctors wanted to find out _______________________ .A) why certain people age sooner than othersB) how to make people live longerC) the size of certain people’s brains ,D) which people are most intelligent37. On what are their research findings based?A) A survey of farmers in northern Japan.B) Tests performed on a thousand old people.C) The study of brain volumes of different peopleD) The latest development of computer technology.38. The doctor’s tests show that ____________________ .A) our brains shrink as we grow olderB) the front section of the brain does not shrinkC) sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-oldsD) some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s39. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means _______________________ .A) something to be consideredB) branches of knowledge studiedC) persons chosen to be studied in an experimentD) any member of a state except the supreme ruler40. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?A) Lawyers. B) Farmers. C) Clerks. D) Shop assistants.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. He has _______________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A) gone on B) gone in forC) gone with D) gone through with42.“ Of all the soldiers they had the ___________________________ of being the fiercest, the most patriotic, the coughest.A) recognition B) reservationC) recreation D) reputation43. Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I ________________________ it from the bank.A) haven’t needed to borrow B) will not need to borrowC) needn’t have borrowed D) didn’t need to borrow44. Advanced computer technology has _________________________ answer to accurate weather forecasting.A) set up B) come up withC) filled in D) faced up to45. I stared into the blackness and wondered if he was as aware of my presence as .A) I was of his B) I was of himC) I did of him D) I did of his46. They are sure they have all the facts they need to ______________________ the existence of a black hole.A) obtain B) maintainC) verify D) display47. The new tourist hotel will have ______________________ for more than one thousand people.A) convenience B) accommodationsC) capability D) capacities48. Medical doctors sometimes can make mistakes that will cost _________________________ .A) patients their lives B) patients for their livesC) patient lives D) patients with their lives49. He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably ________________________ after a meal and a rest.A) renewed B) recreatedC) reshaped D) refreshed50. His intelligence and experience will enable him to ________________________ the complicated situation.A) cope with B) settle downC) intervene in D) interfere with51. At last she left her house and got to the airport, only ___________________ the plane flying away.A) having seen B) to have seenC) saw D) to see52. He obviously displays a great ______________________ for some of your poems.A) consent B) admirationC) respect D) pleasure53. This law ____________________ the number of accidents caused by children running across the road whenthey get off the bus.A) intending to reduce B) intends reducingC) intended reducing D) is intended to reduce54. The fire must have __________________ after the staff had gone home.A) broken down B) broken upC) borken out D) broken off55. Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable toit.A) maintain B) persistC) endure D) sustain56. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _________________________ it forcespeople to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A) by which B) to whichC) in that D) so that56. He is _________________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optionalC) outstanding D) obvious58. Sometimes I wish I ______________________ in a different time and a different place.A) be living B) were livingC) would live D) would have lived59. The director was critical __________________________ the way we were doing the work.A) at B) inC) of D) with60. In a sudden of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A) attack B) burstC) split D) blast61. she realized it was too late to go home.A) No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark thatC) Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that62. In Britain people _________________________ four million tons of potatoes every year.A) swallow B) disposeC) consume D) exhaust63. I’d his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and thenmake a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A) take into account B) account forC) make up for D) make out64 It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.A) must be sent B) will be sentC) are sent D) be sent65. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it ____________________ enough to eat.A) mild B) slightC) light D) tender66. We take our skin for granted until it is burned ________________________________ repair.A) beyond B) forC) without D) under67. The computer revolution may well change society as _____________________________ as did the IndustrialRevolution.A) certainly B) insignificantlyC) fundamentally D) comparatively68. in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A) To look at B) Looking atC) Looked at D) To be looked at69. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ___________________________________ .A) nuisance B) troubleC) worry D) anxiety70. Some women ______________________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not towork for the sake of the family.A) must make B) should have madeC) would make D) could have madePart IV Error Correction (10%)Directions:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word, or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided on the Answer Sheet. If you change a word, underline it and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, underline it and put a slash (/) in the blank.正确的答题方式为Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 71 periods period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 72 having /As a school subject are valid for ^ study of television. 73 ^ the study of Living is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying,swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwich - theycan all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, especially when 71.the rewards are high: a man surrounded by flames andsmoke generally considers that jumping out of a second-floor windowis an acceptable risk to save its life. But in medicine72.a few procedures, drugs, operations or tests are really a matter 73.of life and death. There may be sound medicine reasons 74.for accepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons aretotally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. 75.Surgery for cancer may cure or prolong a life, but the removalof tonsils(扁桃体) cannot save anything a sore throat. Blood 76.pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heartattack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and harmful 77.for those with only mild blood pressure problems.Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing 78.to put up with in the name of better health is a high personal 79.matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone.80.Part V. Translation (15%)Directions:You are going to translate the following sentences in Chinese and English into English and Chinese.81.使邓博士惊喜的是，他在野稻中发现了两种基因，可以使产量增加30%。