2012.2考试题答案

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2012年考研英语（二）真题及答案

Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol o f American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and wome n who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown i nto hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuc k it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not s omeone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 1 0) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13) portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what town s were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willieǁ cartoons of famed Stars and Strip es artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldi er,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond 20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point Section II Resdiong Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most r ecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortun ately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the excepti on of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a st udent‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensiv e equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do the ir homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implicati on that standards need to be lowered for poor children. District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without com pleting their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empo wering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, acro ss-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about hom ework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achieve ment, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for al most nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsi ble for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right. 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____. [A] is receiving more criticism [B]is no longer an educational ritual [C]is not required for advanced courses [D]is gaining more preferences 22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students____ _. [A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education [B]have asked for a different educational standard [C]may have problems finishing their homework [D]have voiced their complaints about homework 23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____. [A]discourage students from doing homework [B]result in students' indifference to their report cards [C]undermine the authority of state tests [D]restrict teachers' power in education 24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whe ther______. [A] it should be eliminated [B]it counts much in schooling [C]it places extra burdens on teachers [D]it is important for grades 25.A suitable title for this text could be______. [A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy [B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]A Faulty Approach to Homework Text2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet i t is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsicall y bad, but it is s uch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocen ce. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests. Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children w ere not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought ofas gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consid ered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strengt h. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences becamea dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it bega n to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they sstepping stoneǁ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was hould create a ―third s tepping only after ―toddlerǁbecame a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences –or invent them where they did not previously exist. 26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______. [A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood [B]should not be associated with girls' innocence [C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination [D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests 27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours? [A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA. [B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls. [C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders. [D]White is prefered by babies. 28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development wa s much influenced by_____. [A]the marketing of products for children [B]the observation of children's nature [C]researches into children's behavior [D]studies of childhood consumption 29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____. [A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]classify consumers into smaller groups [D]create some common shoppers' terms 30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____. [A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency [B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers [C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen [D]well interpreted by psychological experts Text3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledt hatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisatio n(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta―preliminarystepǁinalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecis ion,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbr eastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpati entsalike. Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneis aproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcas e,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule―isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecot tonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.ǁDespitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhet herthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemayyetreac htheSupremeCourt. AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater p anies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for c orrelations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s effic acy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaainshanssauer,alawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the May o Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a co nvention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed. 31.itcanbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like----- A.their executives to be active B.judges to rule out gene patenting C.genes to be patcntablc D.the BIO to issue a warning 32.those who are against gene patents believe that---- A.genetic tests are not reliable B.only man-made products are patentable C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests 33.according to hanssauer ,companies are eager to win patents for---- A.establishing disease comelations B.discovering gene interactions C.drawing pictures of genes D.identifying human DNA meeting was packedǁ(line4,para6)the author means that ----- 34.By saying ―each m eeting A.thesupreme court was authoritative B.the BIO was a powerful organization C.gene patenting was a great concern wyers were keen to attend conventiongs 35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is---- A.critical B.supportive C.scornful D.objective Text 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginni ng. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. A nd ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our soci ety for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic d isaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in som e ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave socie ty better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy r iches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues thatboth inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opport unities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, th e economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recessi on see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairl y quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind. In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely h ow these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of n ational polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend. find silver liningsǁ(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless 36.By saying ―to f ind try to___. [A]seek subsidies from the govemment [B]explore reasons for the unermployment [C]make profits from the troubled economy [D]look on the bright side of the recession 37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____. [A]realize the national dream [B]struggle against each other [C]challenge their lifestyle [D]reconsider their lifestyle 38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____. [A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants [B]bring out more evils of human nature [C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms [D]ease conflicts between races and classes 39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____. [A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities [B]catch up quickly with experienced employees [C]see thei r life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others 40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____. [A]certain Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the leftcolumn that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. (10 points) history, the history of what man has a ccomplished in this world, is at bott ―Universal h istory, om the History of the Great Men who have worked here,ǁ wrote the Victorian sage Tho mas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This coul d be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about ho w we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more inte rested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting theexemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was th e biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as t he skills of successful leaders. Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadi ng painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self -Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolut e working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many char acter, exhibit,"wroteSmiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as bea cons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epo chal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals. Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It i s is man, real, living man who does all that.ǁ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. Fo make their own history, but they do not make it just as the y please; they do not r:―Men m ake make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.ǁThis was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. His tory from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understa nding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpickedthe multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. [A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. 41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. 42. NiccoloMachiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. 43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history. 44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. 45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANS WER SHEET2.(15 points) When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Bri tian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates . Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are p articularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor c ountries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled w orkers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make . Section IV Writing Part A 47.Directions Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bou ght from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to 1)make a complaint and 2)demand a prompt solution You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhangwei "instead . 48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should 1)describe the table ,and 2)give your comments You should write at least 150 words(15points) 某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33．3% 41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0% 大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0% 完形填空：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D TEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D TEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C TEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D TEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A 新题型：41-45：AFGCE 小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame, As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to exp ress my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day. The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I fou nd that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the a ppearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the a dvertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have n ot kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures sho uld be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either se nd a new one to me or refund me my money in full. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei [B]positive [C]trivial [D]destructive 。

2012年全国高考2卷理科数学试题及答案

2012年全国高考2卷理科数学试题及答案一．选择题：（共12个小题，每小题5分，满分60分） 1. 复数131ii-++= (A) 2+i(B) 2-i(C) 1+2i(D)1-2i2.已知集合A ={1，3，B ={1，m }，A ∪B =A ，则m = (A) 0(B) 0或3(C) 1(D) 1或33.椭圆的中心在原点，焦距为4，一条准线为x = - 4，则该椭圆的方程为(A) 221612y +x =1(B) 22168y +x =1(C) 2284y +x =1(D) 22124y +x =14.已知正四棱柱ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AB = 2，CC 1E 为CC 1的中点，则直线AC 1与平面BED 的距离为： (A) 2(B)(C)(D) 15.已知等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，a 5 = 5，S 5 =15，则数列{11n n a a +}的前100项和为(A) 100101(B)99101(C)99100(D)1011006.△ABC 中，AB 边的高为CD ，CB = a ，CA = b ，a •b = 0，| a | = 1，| b | = 2，则AD = (A)13a -13b (B)23a -23b (C)35a -35b (D)45a -45b7.已知α 为第二象限的角，sin α +cos α，则cos2α = (A)(B)(C)(D)8.已知F 1、F 2为双曲线C ：x 2-y 2 =2的左、右焦点，点P 在C 上，|PF 1|=2|PF 2|，则cos ∠F 1PF 2 = (A) 14(B)35(C)34(D)459.已知x = ln π，y =log 5 2，z =12e -，则(A) x < y < z(B) z < x < y(C) z < y < x(D) y < z < x10.已知函数y =x 3-3x + c 的图像与x 轴恰有两个公共点，则c =(A) -2或2 (B) -9或3 (C) -1或1 (D) -3或111.将字母a, a, b, b, c, c排成三行两列，要求每行的字母互不相同，每列的字母也互不相同，则不同点排列方法共有(A) 12种(B) 18种(C) 24种(D) 36种12.正方形ABCD的边长为1，点E在边AB上，点F在边BC上，AE = BF =37，动点P从E出发沿直线向F运动，每当碰到正方形的边时反弹，反弹时反射角等于入射角，当点P第一次碰到E时，P与正方形的边碰撞的次数为(A) 16 (B) 14 (C) 12 (D) 10二．填空题：（共4个小题，每小题5分，满分20分）13.若x、y满足约束条件，则z =3x- y的最小值为14.当函数y = sin x- cos x (0≤x <2π)取得最大值时，x =15.若(x +1x) n的展开式中第三项与第七项的二项式系数相等，则该展开式中21x的系数为16. 三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中，底面边长和侧棱长都相等，∠BAA1=∠CAA1= 60o，则异面直线AB1与BC1所成的角的余弦值为二．解答题：（共6个小题，满分70分）17.（本小题满分10分）△ABC的内角A、B、C的对边分别为a、b、c，已知cos(A - C) + cos B = 1，a = 2c，求C .18. （本小题满分12分）如图，四棱锥P－ABCD中，底面ABCD为菱形，PA⊥底面ABCD，ACP A = 2，E是PC上的一点，PE = 2EC .(Ⅰ)证明：PC⊥平面BED ；(Ⅱ)设二面角A -PB - C为90o，求PD与平面PBCx - y +1≥0 x + y -3≤0 x + 3y -3≥019. （本小题满分12分）乒乓球比赛规则规定：一局比赛，双方比分在10平前，一方连续发球2次后，对方再连续发球2次，依次轮换. 每次发球，胜方得1分，负方得0分. 设再甲、乙的比赛中，每次发球，发球方得1分的概率为0.6，各次发球的胜负结果相互独立. 甲、乙的一局比赛中，甲先发球.(Ⅰ)求开始第四次发球时，甲、乙的比分为1比2的概率；(Ⅱ)ξ 表示开始第四次发球时乙的得分，求ξ 的期望.20. （本小题满分12分）设函数f (x ) = a x + cos x , x∈[0, π] .(Ⅰ)讨论f (x )的单调性；(Ⅱ)设f (x ) ≤1 + sin x，求a的取值范围.21. （本小题满分12分）已知抛物线C：y = (x +1) 2与圆M：(x-1) 2 +( y-12) 2 = r 2 (r > 0)有一个公共点A，且在A处两曲线的切线为同一直线l.(Ⅰ)求r；(Ⅱ)设m、n是异于l且与C及M都相切的两条直线，m、n的交点为D，求D到l的距离.22. （本小题满分12分）函数f (x ) = x 2 - 2x - 3 .定义数列{x n}如下：x1= 2，x n+1是过两点P(4, 5)、Q n(x n, f (x n))的直线PQ n与x轴的交点的横坐标.(Ⅰ)证明：2≤x n < x n+1<3 ；(Ⅱ)求数列{x n}的通项公式.答案1.C2.B3.C4.C5.A6.D7.A8.C9.D 10.A 11.A 12.B。

2012年高考全国2卷(理综)试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试一、选择题（本题共13 小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）i．在人工饲养条件下，如果淡水鱼不排卵，可将同种性成熟鱼的垂体提取液注射到雌鱼体内，促进其排卵。

这一方法主要是利用了垂体细胞合成的 A 甲状腺激素 B 雌激素 C 促甲状腺激素D 促性腺激素ii．切除胸腺的幼年小鼠，其免疫功能表现为A 细胞免疫缺陷、体液免疫功能下降B 细胞免疫、体液免疫功能均正常C 细胞免疫缺陷、体液免疫功能正常D 细胞免疫正常、体液免疫功能下降iii．人体内的细胞外液构成了细胞生活的液体环境，在这个环境中可发生许多生物化学反应，其中有A 蛋白质消化分解成氨基酸B 神经递质和激素的合成C 丙酮酸氧化分解成二氧化碳和水D 乳酸与碳酸氢钠作用生成乳酸钠和碳酸iv．下列有关基因工程中限制性内切酶的描述，错误的是A 一种限制性内切酶只能识别一种特定的脱氧核苷酸序列B 限制性内切酶的活性受温度影响C 限制性内切酶能识别和切割RNAD 限制性内切酶可从原核生物中提取v．右图纵向表示海洋不同深度中鱼类的食物分布状况，曲线甲、乙、丙分别表示三种鱼的数量变化。

下列对此图的分析，错误的是A 海洋中的鱼类具有垂直分层现象B 此图表明鱼类对食物的竞争状况C 此图表明海洋中鱼类的捕食状况D 此图表明海洋中鱼类的共生关系vi．已知：C（s）＋CO2（g）2CO（g）△H＞0。

该反应的达到平衡后，下列条件有利于反应向正方向进行的是A 升高温度和减小压强B 降低温度和减小压强C 降低温度和增大压强D 升高温度和增大压强vii．0.1mol/L NaHCO3溶液的pH最接近于A．5.6 B．7.0 C．8.4 D．13.0viii．能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是A 醋酸钠的水解反应CH3COO－＋H3O＋＝CH3COOH＋H2OB 碳酸氢钙与过量的NaOH溶液反应Ca2＋＋2HCO3－＋2OH－＝CaCO3↓＋2H2O＋CO32－C 苯酚钠溶液与二氧化碳反应C6H5O－＋CO2＋H2O＝C6H5OH＋CO32－D 稀硝酸与过量的铁屑反应3Fe＋8H＋＋2NO3－＝3Fe3＋＋2NO↑＋4H2Oix．已知：①1 mol H2分子中化学键断裂时需要吸收436kJ的能量②1 mol Cl2分子中化学键断裂时需要吸收243kJ的能量③由H原子和Cl原子形成1 mol HCl分子时释放431kJ的能量下列叙述正确的是A．氢气和氯气反应生成氯化氢气体的热化学方程式是H2(g)＋Cl2(g)＝2HCl(g)B．氢气和氯气反应生成2 mol氯化氢气体，反应的△H＝183kJ/molC．氢气和氯气反应生成2 mol氯化氢气体，反应的△H＝－183kJ/molD．氢气和氯气反应生成1 mol氯化氢气体，反应的△H＝－183kJ/molx．在盛有稀H2SO4的烧杯中放入用导线连接锌片和铜片，下列叙述正确的是A 正极附近的SO42―离子浓度逐渐增大B 电子通过导线由铜片流向锌片C 正极有O 2逸出D 铜片上有H 2逸出 xi ．下列氧化还原反应中，水作为氧化剂的是 A CO ＋H 2O CO 2＋H 2 B 3NO 2＋H 2O ＝2HNO 3＋NO C 2Na 2O 2＋2H 2O ＝4NaOH ＋O 2↑ D 2F 2＋2H 2O ＝4HF ＋O 2xii ．仔细分析下列表格中烃的排列规律，判断排列在第15位烃的分子式是 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …… C 2H 2 C 2H 4 C 2H 6 C 3H 4 C 3H 6 C 3H 8 C 4H 6 C 4H 8 C 4H 10 ……A C 6H 12BC 6H 14 C C 7H 12D C 7H 14 xiii ．在一定条件下，将钠与氧气反应的生成物1.5g 溶于水，所得溶液恰好能被80mL 浓度为0.50mol/L 的HCl 溶液中和，则该生成物的成分是A Na 2O B Na 2O 2 C Na 2O 和Na 2O 2 D Na 2O 2和NaO 2二、选择题（本题共8小题。

2012年(全国卷II)(含答案)高考文科数学

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（2全国卷）数学(文)试题一、选择题 ( 本大题共 12 题, 共计 60 分)1．已知集合A ＝{x |x 是平行四边形}，B ＝{x |x 是矩形}，C ＝{x |x 是正方形}，D ＝{x |x 是菱形}，则( )A ．AB B ．CB C ．DC D ．AD2．函数1y x =+x ≥－1)的反函数为( ) A ．y ＝x 2－1(x ≥0) B ．y ＝x 2－1(x ≥1) C ．y ＝x 2＋1(x ≥0) D ．y ＝x 2＋1(x ≥1) 3．若函数()sin 3x f x ϕ+=(φ∈[0,2π])是偶函数，则φ＝( ) A ．π2B ．2π3C ．3π2D ．5π34．已知α为第二象限角，3sin 5α=，则sin2α＝( ) A ．2425-B ．1225-C ．1225D ．2425 5．椭圆的中心在原点，焦距为4，一条准线为x ＝－4，则该椭圆的方程为( )A ．2211612x y += B ．221128x y += C ．22184x y += D ．221124x y += 6．已知数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，a 1＝1，S n ＝2a n ＋1，则S n ＝( )A ．2n －1B ．13()2n -C ．12()3n -D ．112n -7． 6位选手依次演讲，其中选手甲不在第一个也不在最后一个演讲，则不同的演讲次序共有( )A ．240种B ．360种C ．480种D ．720种8．已知正四棱柱ABCD －A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AB ＝2，122CC =E 为CC 1的中点，则直线AC 1与平面BED 的距离为( )A．2 BC ．2D．19．△ABC中，AB边的高为CD．若CB＝a ，CA＝b，a·b＝0，|a|＝1，|b|＝2，则AD＝()A．1133-a b B．2233-a bC．3355-a b D．4455-a b10．已知F1，F2为双曲线C：x2－y2＝2的左、右焦点，点P在C上，|PF1|＝2|PF2|，则cos∠F1PF2＝()A．14B．35C．34D．4511．已知x＝ln π，y＝log52，12=ez-，则()A．x＜y＜z B．z＜x＜yC．z＜y＜x D．y＜z＜x12．正方形ABCD的边长为1，点E在边AB上，点F在边BC上，AE＝BF＝13.动点P从E出发沿直线向F运动，每当碰到正方形的边时反弹，反弹时反射角等于入射角．当点P第一次碰到E时，P与正方形的边碰撞的次数为() A．8 B．6 C．4 D．3二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．把答案填在题中横线上．13．(x＋12x)8的展开式中x2的系数为__________．14．若x，y满足约束条件10,30,330, x yx yx y-+≥⎧⎪+-≤⎨⎪+-≥⎩则z＝3x－y的最小值为__________．15．当函数y＝sin x x(0≤x＜2π)取得最大值时，x＝__________.16．已知正方体ABCD－A1B1C1D1中，E，F分别为BB1，CC1的中点，那么异面直线AE与D1F所成角的余弦值为__________．三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤．17．△ABC中，内角A，B，C成等差数列，其对边a，b，c满足2b2＝3ac，求A．18．已知数列{a n}中，a1＝1，前n项和23n nnS a+=.(1)求a2，a3；(2)求{a n}的通项公式．19．如图，四棱锥P－ABCD中，底面ABCD为菱形，P A⊥底面ABCD，AC=P A＝2，E是PC上的一点，PE＝2EC．(1)证明：PC⊥平面BED；(2)设二面角A－PB－C为90°，求PD与平面PBC所成角的大小．20．乒乓球比赛规则规定：一局比赛，双方比分在10平前，一方连续发球2次后，对方再连续发球2次，依次轮换．每次发球，胜方得1分，负方得0分．设在甲、乙的比赛中，每次发球，发球方得1分的概率为0.6，各次发球的胜负结果相互独立．甲、乙的一局比赛中，甲先发球．(1)求开始第4次发球时，甲、乙的比分为1比2的概率；(2) 求开始第5次发球时，甲得分领先的概率．21．已知函数f(x)＝13x3＋x2＋ax.(1)讨论f(x)的单调性；(2)设f(x)有两个极值点x1，x2，若过两点(x1，f(x1))，(x2，f(x2))的直线l与x 轴的交点在曲线y＝f(x)上，求a的值．22．已知抛物线C：y＝(x＋1)2与圆M：(x－1)2＋(y－12)2＝r2(r＞0)有一个公共点A，且在A处两曲线的切线为同一直线l.(1)求r；(2)设m，n是异于l且与C及M都相切的两条直线，m，n的交点为D，求D到l的距离．2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（2全国卷）数学(文)试题答案解析:1． B ∵正方形组成的集合是矩形组成集合的子集， ∴C B ．2． A ∵1y x =+∴y 2＝x ＋1， ∴x ＝y 2－1，x ，y 互换可得：y ＝x 2－1. 又∵10y x =+≥.∴反函数中x ≥0，故选A 项． 3．C ∵()sin3x f x ϕ+=是偶函数，∴f (0)＝±1. ∴sin 13ϕ=±.∴ππ32k ϕ=+(k ∈Z)．∴φ＝3k π＋3π2(k ∈Z)．又∵φ∈[0,2π]，∴当k ＝0时，3π2ϕ=.故选C 项． 4．A ∵3sin 5α=，且α为第二象限角， ∴24cos 1sin 5αα=-=－－.∴3424sin22sin cos 25525ααα⎛⎫==⨯⨯-=- ⎪⎝⎭.故选A 项． 5． C ∵焦距为4，即2c ＝4，∴c ＝2.又∵准线x ＝－4，∴24a c-=-.∴a 2＝8.∴b 2＝a 2－c 2＝8－4＝4.∴椭圆的方程为22184x y +=，故选C 项．6．B 当n ＝1时，S 1＝2a 2，又因S 1＝a 1＝1，所以21 2a=，213 122S=+=.显然只有B项符合．7．C由题意可采用分步乘法计数原理，甲的排法种数为14A，剩余5人进行全排列：55A，故总的情况有：14A·55A＝480种．故选C 项．8．D连结AC交BD于点O，连结OE，∵AB=2，∴AC=又1CC=AC=CC1.作CH⊥AC1于点H，交OE于点M.由OE为△ACC1的中位线知，CM⊥OE，M为C H的中点．由BD⊥AC，EC⊥BD知，BD⊥面EOC，∴CM⊥BD．∴CM⊥面BDE.∴HM为直线AC1到平面BDE的距离．又△AC C1为等腰直角三角形，∴CH=2.∴HM=1.9．D∵a·b＝0，∴a⊥b.又∵|a|＝1，|b|＝2，∴||5AB=.∴||5CD==.∴2||25AD ==. ∴4544445()5555AD AB AB ===-=-a b a b .10． C 设|PF 2|＝m ，则|PF 1|＝2m ，由双曲线定义|PF 1|－|PF 2|＝2a ， ∴2m －m＝.∴m 又24c ==， ∴由余弦定理可得cos ∠F 1PF 2＝2221212||||432||||4PF PF c PF PF +-=.11． D ∵x ＝ln π＞1，y ＝log 52＞1log 2=，121e2z -==>=，且12e －＜e 0＝1，∴y ＜z ＜x . 12． B 如图，由题意：tan ∠BEF =12， ∴2112KX =，∴X 2为HD 中点，2312X D X D =，∴313X D =， 4312X C X C =，∴413X C =， 5412X H X H =，∴512X H =， 5612X A X A =，∴613X A =，∴X 6与E 重合，故选B 项． 13．答案：7 解析：∵(x ＋12x )8展开式的通项为T r ＋1＝8C r x 8－r(12x)r ＝C r 82－r x 8－2r，令8－2r ＝2，解得r ＝3.∴x 2的系数为38C 2－3＝7.14．答案：－1解析：由题意画出可行域，由z ＝3x －y 得y ＝3x －z ，要使z 取最小值，只需截距最大即可，故直线过A (0,1)时，z 最大．∴z max ＝3×0－1＝－1. 15．答案：5π6解析：y ＝sin xx＝1π2(sin )2sin()23x x x =-．当y 取最大值时，ππ2π32x k -=+，∴x ＝2k π＋5π6.又∵0≤x ＜2π，∴5π6x =. 16．答案：35解析：设正方体的棱长为a .连结A 1E ，可知D 1F ∥A 1E ，∴异面直线AE 与D 1F 所成的角可转化为AE 与A 1E 所成的角，在△AEA 1中，2222213cos 5a a a a a AEA ⎛⎫⎛⎫+++- ⎪ ⎪∠==. 17．解：由A ，B ，C 成等差数列及A ＋B ＋C ＝180°，得B ＝60°，A ＋C ＝120°.由2b 2＝3ac 及正弦定理得2sin 2B ＝3sin A sin C ，故1sin sin 2A C ＝.cos(A ＋C )＝cos A cos C －sin A sin C ＝cos A cos C －12，即cos A cos C －12＝12-，cos A cos C ＝0， cos A ＝0或cos C ＝0，所以A ＝90°或A ＝30°.18．解：(1)由2243S a ＝得3(a 1＋a 2)＝4a 2，解得a 2＝3a 1＝3；由3353S a ＝得3(a 1＋a 2＋a 3)＝5a 3，解得a 3＝32(a 1＋a 2)＝6. (2)由题设知a 1＝1.当n ＞1时有a n ＝S n －S n －1＝12133n n n n a a -++-，整理得111n n n a a n -+=-. 于是a 1＝1，a 2＝31a 1，a 3＝42a 2，… a n －1＝2nn -a n －2，a n ＝11n n +-a n －1.将以上n 个等式两端分别相乘，整理得(1)2n n n a +=. 综上，{a n }的通项公式(1)2n n n a +=. 19．解法一：(1)证明：因为底面ABCD 为菱形，所以BD ⊥AC ．又P A ⊥底面ABCD ，所以PC ⊥BD ．设AC ∩BD =F ，连结EF .因为AC =P A =2，PE =2EC ，故PC =3EC =，FC = 从而PC FC =，ACEC =，因为PC ACFC EC=，∠FCE =∠PCA ，所以△FCE ∽△PCA ，∠FEC =∠P AC =90°，由此知PC ⊥EF .PC 与平面BED 内两条相交直线BD ，EF 都垂直，所以PC ⊥平面BED ．(2)在平面P AB 内过点A 作AG ⊥PB ，G 为垂足．因为二面角A －PB －C 为90°，所以平面P AB ⊥平面PBC ．又平面P AB ∩平面PBC ＝PB ，故AG ⊥平面PBC ，AG ⊥BC ． BC 与平面P AB 内两条相交直线P A ，AG 都垂直，故BC ⊥平面P AB ，于是BC ⊥AB ，所以底面ABCD 为正方形，AD ＝2，2222PD PA AD =+=. 设D 到平面PBC 的距离为d .因为AD ∥BC ，且AD 平面PBC ，BC 平面PBC ，故AD ∥平面PBC ，A ，D 两点到平面PBC 的距离相等，即d ＝AG 2.设PD 与平面PBC 所成的角为α，则1sin 2d PD α==. 所以PD 与平面PBC 所成的角为30°.解法二：(1)证明：以A 为坐标原点，射线AC 为x 轴的正半轴，建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系A －xyz .设C (220,0)，D 2，b,0)，其中b ＞0，则P (0,0,2)，E (23，0，23)，B 2b,0)．于是PC ＝(220，－2)，BE ＝(23，b ，23)，DE ＝(23，－b ，23)，从而0PC BE ⋅=，0PC DE ⋅=，故PC ⊥BE ，PC ⊥DE .又BE ∩DE ＝E ，所以PC ⊥平面BDE .(2)AP ＝(0,0,2)，AB ＝b,0)．设m ＝(x ，y ，z )为平面P AB 的法向量，则m ·AP ＝0，m ·AB ＝0，即2z ＝0－by ＝0，令x ＝b ，则m ＝(b，0)．设n ＝(p ，q ，r )为平面PBC 的法向量，则n ·PC ＝0，n ·BE ＝0，即20r -=且2033bq r ++=，令p ＝1，则r =q b =-，n ＝(1，b-)．因为面P AB ⊥面PBC ，故m·n ＝0，即20b b-=，故b = 于是n ＝(1，－1)，DP ＝(2)，1cos ,2||||DP DP DP ⋅==n n n ，〈n ，DP 〉＝60°. 因为PD 与平面PBC 所成角和〈n ，DP 〉互余，故PD 与平面PBC 所成的角为30°.20．解：记A i 表示事件：第1次和第2次这两次发球，甲共得i 分，i ＝0,1,2；B i 表示事件：第3次和第4次这两次发球，甲共得i 分，i ＝0,1,2； A 表示事件：第3次发球，甲得1分；B 表示事件：开始第4次发球时，甲、乙的比分为1比2；C 表示事件：开始第5次发球时，甲得分领先．(1)B ＝A 0·A ＋A 1·A ， P (A )＝0.4，P (A 0)＝0.42＝0.16，P (A 1)＝2×0.6×0.4＝0.48， P (B )＝P (A 0·A ＋A 1·A )＝P(A0·A)＋P(A1·A)＝P(A0)P(A)＋P(A1)P(A)＝0.16×0.4＋0.48×(1－0.4)＝0.352.(2) P(B0)＝0.62＝0.36，P(B1)＝2×0.4×0.6＝0.48，P(B2)＝0.42＝0.16，P(A2)＝0.62＝0.36.C＝A1·B2＋A2·B1＋A2·B2P(C)＝P(A1·B2＋A2·B1＋A2·B2)＝P(A1·B2)＋P(A2·B1)＋P(A2·B2)＝P(A1)P(B2)＋P(A2)P(B1)＋P(A2)P(B2)＝0.48×0.16＋0.36×0.48＋0.36×0.16＝0.307 2.21．解：(1)f′(x)＝x2＋2x＋a＝(x＋1)2＋a－1.①当a≥1时，f′(x)≥0，且仅当a＝1，x＝－1时，f′(x)＝0，所以f(x)是R上的增函数；②当a＜1时，f′(x)＝0有两个根x1＝－1x2＝－1当x∈(－∞，－1时，f′(x)＞0，f(x)是增函数；当x∈(－11时，f′(x)＜0，f(x)是减函数；当x∈(－1∞)时，f′(x)＞0，f(x)是增函数．(2)由题设知，x1，x2为方程f′(x)＝0的两个根，故有a＜1，x12＝－2x1－a，x22＝－2x2－a.因此f(x1)＝13x13＋x12＋ax1＝13x1(－2x1－a)＋x12＋ax1＝13x12＋23ax1＝13(－2x1－a)＋23ax1＝23(a－1)x1－3a.同理，f(x2)＝23(a－1)x2－3a.因此直线l 的方程为y ＝23(a －1)x －3a . 设l 与x 轴的交点为(x 0,0)，得02(1)ax a =-， 22322031()[][](12176)32(1)2(1)2(1)24(1)a a a a f x a a a a a a =++=-+----．由题设知，点(x 0,0)在曲线y ＝f (x )上，故f (x 0)＝0，解得a ＝0或23a =或34a =.22．解：(1)设A (x 0，(x 0＋1)2)，对y ＝(x ＋1)2求导得y ′＝2(x ＋1)，故l 的斜率k ＝2(x 0＋1)．当x 0＝1时，不合题意，所以x 0≠1. 圆心为M (1，12)，MA 的斜率2001(1)21x k'x +-=-.由l ⊥MA 知k ·k ′＝－1，即2(x 0＋1)·2001(1)21x x +--＝－1，解得x 0＝0，故A (0,1)， r ＝|MA |=，即2r =. (2)设(t ，(t ＋1)2)为C 上一点，则在该点处的切线方程为y －(t ＋1)2＝2(t ＋1)(x －t )，即y ＝2(t ＋1)x －t 2＋1.若该直线与圆M 相切，则圆心M=化简得t 2(t 2－4t －6)＝0，解得t 0＝0，12t =22t =抛物线C 在点(t i ，(t i ＋1)2)(i ＝0,1,2)处的切线分别为l ，m ，n ，其方程分别为y ＝2x ＋1，①y ＝2(t 1＋1)x －t 12＋1，② y ＝2(t 2＋1)x －t 22＋1，③ ②－③得1222t t x +==. 将x ＝2代入②得y ＝－1，故D (2，－1)．所以D 到l的距离d ==.。

2012全国II卷高考英语试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

⒉答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

⒊答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

⒋考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分)第一节语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。

⒈ theater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize⒉ persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. trousers⒊ company A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock⒋ opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police⒌ society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

⒍– What shall we do tonight then?– ___ – whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. It’s a dealC. No problemD. It’s up to you⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填⒏ That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when⒐ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped⒒ I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after⒓ We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set aboutB. set upC. set outD. set down⒔ Next to biology, I like physics ___ .A. betterB. bestC. the betterD. very well⒕– Did you ask Sophia for help?– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldn’tB. don’tC. didn’tD. won’t⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched⒗ 100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of⒘I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need⒙ The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told⒚ The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A. quantityB. progressC. productionD. demand⒛– Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.– Thanks. ___A. So what?B. No way.C. What for?D. You, too.第三节完形填空(每小题1. 5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

[实用参考]2012年高考英语全国2卷及答案

20GG年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

⒉答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

⒊答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

⒋考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。

⒈ th eater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize⒉ persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. treasure⒊ c ompany A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock⒋ opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police⒌ society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

⒍ – What shall we do tonight then?– ___ – whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. It’s a dealC. No problemD. It’s upto you⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance inthe long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填⒏ That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up workingvery late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when⒐ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane thismorning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped⒒ I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after⒓ We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part thatday.A. set aboutB. set upC. set outD. set down⒔ NeGt to biology, I like physics ___ .A. betterB. bestC. the betterD. very well⒕– Did you ask Sophia for help?– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldn’tB. don’tC. didn’tD. won’t⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched⒗ 100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of⒘ I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need⒙ The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told⒚ The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A. qualityB. progressC. productionD. demand⒛– Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.– Thanks. ___A. So what?B. No way.C. What for?D. You, too.第三节完形填空(每小题1. 5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析

2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了 G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。

二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。

空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“ the people they liberated ”中they也指代men and women，他们有由此推断“ the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。

只有serve 意思，所以选 B 。

liberate 的动作，有“服兵役”的A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演” ； C项rebel意为“造反，反抗” ；D项betray意为”背叛，出卖” ，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。

2．【答案】 B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“ grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。

A 项actual意为“实际上，事实上的”；C项special意为“特殊的，专门的”；D项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。

3．【答案】 A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，who（ the guy），宾需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是语是all the burdens of battle ，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词所以这里选 A ， bore。

2012英语二参考答案

2012英语二参考答案2012年英语二考试的参考答案如下：一、阅读理解1. A篇：本文是一篇广告，介绍了一家名为“Greener Pastures”的农场，提供有机食品和农产品。

参考答案：- 21. B 根据文章第二段，农场提供有机食品。

- 22. C 根据文章第三段，农场提供农产品，如蔬菜和水果。

- 23. D 根据文章第四段，顾客可以参观农场。

2. B篇：本文是一篇关于“快乐”的论述，探讨了快乐与健康、人际关系和工作的关系。

参考答案：- 24. A 根据文章第一段，快乐与健康密切相关。

- 25. B 根据文章第二段，快乐的人更有可能拥有良好的人际关系。

- 26. D 根据文章第三段，工作满意度与快乐有关。

3. C篇：本文是一篇关于“城市化”的论述，讨论了城市化进程中的问题和挑战。

参考答案：- 27. C 根据文章第一段，城市化带来了环境问题。

- 28. A 根据文章第二段，城市化导致资源短缺。

- 29. D 根据文章第三段，城市化对文化多样性有影响。

4. D篇：本文是一篇关于“在线教育”的论述，讨论了在线教育的优势和局限性。

参考答案：- 30. B 根据文章第一段，在线教育提供了灵活性。

- 31. C 根据文章第二段，在线教育可以节省时间和金钱。

- 32. A 根据文章第三段，在线教育需要自我驱动。

二、完形填空本文是一篇关于个人成长和自我挑战的故事。

参考答案：- 33. D 根据上下文，作者在面对困难时选择了“坚持”。

- 34. A “意识到”是作者在经历中的一个重要转折点。

- 35. B “重要”是作者对这次经历的评价。

- 36. C “克服”是作者在故事中的主要行动。

- 37. A “勇敢”是作者在面对挑战时的态度。

- 38. D “鼓励”是作者从经历中获得的正面影响。

- 39. B “感激”是作者对过去经历的情感。

- 40. C “改变”是作者通过经历所实现的。

三、翻译1. 原文：The company has been established for over a decade and has a solid reputation in the industry.翻译：该公司已经成立十多年，在行业中拥有坚实的声誉。

2012年高考英语全国卷2完形填空翻译与精析

2012年高考英语全国卷2完形填空翻译与精析【内容概述】2012年高考英语全国卷2完形填空主要讲述了作者人生中一段艰苦的生活经历，告诫我们要把注意力放在能让我们高兴的事情上，要积极发现生活中的美。

【完形填空原文】Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree, I could not find 22 work.I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. "Why has my life become so 27 ?"I thought painfully.As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said "BE HAPPY".At first I got angry. Then it 31 me – I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.2012年高考英语全国卷2完形填空翻译：大概在20年前我住在纽约。

2012年考研英语(二)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年考研英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who【C1】______in World War II and the people they liberated, the GI. was the【C2】______man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who【C3】______all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the【C4】______of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 【C5】______an average guy, up【C6】______the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name isn’t much. GI. is just a military abbreviation【C7】______Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles【C8】______to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 【C9】______it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac ... a working class name. The United States has 【C10】______had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe. GI. Joe had a 【C11】______career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a【C12】______of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle【C13】______portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the【C14】______side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were【C15】______or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports【C16】______the”Willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men【C17】______.the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 【C18】______of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 【C19】______Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, 【C20】______the most important person in their lives.1．【C1】A．performedB．servedC．rebelledD．betrayed正确答案：B解析：从空格所在的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空格前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次世界大战的男人和女人。

2012年高考全国2卷文综试题及答案

2012年文综全国II卷第I卷（选择题共140分）本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

随着工业化、城市化的飞速发展，耕地不断被挤占，但2004年以来，我国粮食总量仍连续增长。

据此完成1-3题。

1.近年来，我国粮食总产量连续增长的主要原因是（）A.扩大了粮食播种面积B.加大了农业科技投入C.改进了农田水利设施D.完善了粮食流通体系2.改革开放以来，下列粮食主要产区在全国商品粮食生产中的地位下降最为显著的是（）A.太湖平原B.洞庭湖平原C.汉江平原D.成都平原3.河南省和黑龙江省都是我国产粮大省。

两省相比，黑龙江省粮食商品率高的主要原因是（）A.耕地面积广B.生产规模大C.机械化水平高D.人口较少图1示意流域水系分布（a）和该流域吧、内一次局地暴雨前后甲，乙两水文站观测到的河流流量变化曲线（b），读图1完成4~5题4. 此次局地暴雨可能出现在图1a中的（）A ①地B ②地C ③ 地D ④地5. 乙水文站洪峰流量峰值小于甲水文站，主要是因为甲，乙水文站之间（）A 河道淤积B 河谷变宽C 湖泊分流D 湖水补给量减小读图2 ，完成6~7题6. 根据图是信息可以推断（）A.1月平均气温甲城市高于乙城市B.1月平均气温甲城市低于乙城市C.7月平均气温甲城市高于乙城市D.7月平均气温甲城市低于乙城市7. 图中甲乙两城市分别位于（）A.关中平原，浙闽丘陵B.江汉平原，山东丘陵C.汗水谷地，黄淮平原D.汾河谷地，松嫩平原图3表示某区域在一定时期内剩余劳动力数量，人均工资的变化，以及甲、乙两类企业在该区域维持最低经济效益所能支付人均工资的变化，读图3，完成8-9题8.由图3可以推断，该区域（）A．T0年工业基础雄厚 B.T0¯—T1年吸引的工业企业类型最多C. T1—T2年经历产业结构调整D. T2年以后工业生产衰退9.甲、乙两类企业相比（）A．甲类企业在该区域维持发展的时间更长B．甲类企业趋向廉价劳动力区位C.乙类企业进入该区域的时间更早D.乙类企业产品的附加值较低图4示意某小区域地形，图中等高距为100米，瀑布的落差为72米，据此完成10-11题10. Q地的海拔可能为（）A.90米B.230米C.340米D.420米11.桥梁附近河岸与山峰的高差最接近（）A.260米B.310米C.360米D.410米12.货币最早以足值的金属货币形式出现的。

2012年高考英语全国2卷及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

⒊答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

⒋考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。

⒈ theater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize⒉ persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. treasure⒊ company A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock⒋ opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police⒌ society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

⒍– What shall we do tonight then?– ___ – whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. It’s a dealC. No problemD. It’s up to you⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填⒏ That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when⒐ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped⒒ I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after⒓ We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set aboutB. set upC. set outD. set down⒔ Next to biology, I like physics ___ .A. betterB. bestC. the betterD. very well⒕– Did you ask Sophia for help?– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldn’tB. don’tC. didn’tD. won’t⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched⒗ 100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of⒘I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need⒙ The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told⒚ The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A. qualityB. progressC. productionD. demand⒛– Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.– Thanks. ___A. So what?B. No way.C. What for?D. You, too.第三节完形填空(每小题1. 5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2012年考研英语二真题答案解析完整版

详解1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。

其他都不符合题意。

2.【答案】B空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。

3.【答案】A 本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。

4.【答案】A necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。

Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。

5.【答案】C not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。

所以选C。

6.【答案】D这道题主要考查介词的搭配。

根据up______(the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。

7.【答案】C GI。

在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。

这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。

选C。

8.【答案】A 该句意思为，GI。

这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。

Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。

9.【答案】C 空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。

Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。

10.【答案】B结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe 没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。

2012年高考全国2卷(理综)试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试一、选择题（本题共13 小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）i．在人工饲养条件下，如果淡水鱼不排卵，可将同种性成熟鱼的垂体提取液注射到雌鱼体内，促进其排卵。

2012年全国卷2英语选择与完形填空

第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分)第一节语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：have A．gave B．save C．hat D．made答案是C。

⒈theater A．treasure B．wheat C．season D．realize⒉persuade A．usual B．insist C．sugar D．treasure⒊company A．alone B．carrot C．money D．knock⒋opposite A．service B．outside C．pioneer D．police⒌society A．official B．recent C．chocolate D．difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever答案是B。

⒍– What shall we do tonight then?– ___ – whatever you want.A．Help yourself B．It's a deal C．No problem D．It's up to you⒎He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ secondchance in the long jump.A．the; the B．不填; a C．the; a D．a; 不填⒏That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A．that B．which C．what D．when⒐Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A．herself B．this C．that D．it⒑Tony lent me the money, ___ that I'd do as much for him.A．hoping B．to hope C．hoped D．having hoped⒒I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A．when B．than C．until D．after⒓We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A．set about B．set up C．set out D．set down⒔Next to biology, I like physics ___ .A．better B．best C．the better D．very well⒕– Did you ask Sophia for help?– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.A．wouldn't B．don't C．didn't D．won't⒖The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anything that happened to be on.A．to watch B．watching C．watched D．to have watched⒗100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A．for B．at C．on D．of⒘I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A．can B．might C．would D．need⒙The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A．has told B．is telling C．has been telling D．will have told⒚The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A．quality B．progress C．production D．demand⒛– Try not to work yourself too hard．Take it easy.– Thanks．___A．So what? B．No way. C．What for? D．You, too第三节完形填空(每小题1．5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

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2月份骨伤科护理理论考试姓名：___________ 成绩：__________一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共40分）1. 心脏病病人用力排便而引起的严重意外是（ B ）A. 肛裂B. 心搏骤停C. 直肠曲张D. 便血E. 心律失常2. 七情过极，可采用以情胜情法，若喜伤心，应（ D ）A.以思胜之B.以怒胜之C.以悲胜之D.以惊胜之E.以恐胜之3.肝病患者，应忌食下列哪味食物（ D ）A.酸B.苦C.甘D. 辛E. 咸4. 下列哪种病人临床上不出现发绀（ D ）A. 急性肺炎B. 慢性阻塞性肺气肿C. 自发性气胸D. 严重贫血E. 右心衰5.第一部系统的护理学专著是（ E ）A.《黄帝内经》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《侍疾要语》D.《本草纲目》E.《中医护病学》6. 肺性脑病早期病人头痛、烦躁、失眠时可用的镇静药为（B ）A. 巴比妥类药B. 奋乃静或10%水合氯醛C. 地西泮D. 艾司唑仑E. 安眠酮7. 皮肤针法可用于治疗：（B ）A.顽固性疼痛B.慢性鼻炎C.神经衰弱D.近视E.针刺麻醉8. 对肝性脑病病人要注意水、电解质平衡，下列哪项不妥（ B ）A. 水不宜摄入过多B. 不需补钾C. 限制钠盐D. 正确记录出入水量E. 根据需要测定血电解质9. 观察溃疡病病人病情，发现哪项提示有穿孔发生（D ）A. 饮量突然减少B. 嗳气反酸加重C. 恶心腹胀明显D. 上腹剧痛，腹肌紧张E. 常发生“午夜痛”10. 肝性脑病病人进行清洁灌肠，其溶液最好选用（E ）A. 0.1%～0.2%肥皂水B. 甘油稀释液C. 50%硫酸镁溶液D. 高渗盐水E. 0.9%NS100mL加白醋10mL11. 溃疡病病人腹痛剧烈，疑有穿孔合并症，禁止使用（E ）A. 阿托品B. 甲腈咪胍C. 甲氧氯普胺（灭吐灵）D. 胃肠减压E. 吗啡12. 最容易产生谷丙转氨酶增高是（B ）A. 肝细胞再生B. 肝细胞变性坏死C. 炎症细胞侵润D. 肝实质细胞蛋白合成功能障碍E. 结缔组织增生13. 针身与皮肤呈15°角刺入的，称（ C ）A.直刺B.斜刺C.横刺D.深刺E.浅刺14. 护理白血病病人最重要的是（C ）A. 注意出血B. 高热处理C.预防感染D.观察病情变化E.记录药物反应15. 过敏性紫癜与血小板减少性紫癜的主要区别是（ C ）A. 毛细血管脆性实验阳性B. 紫癜呈对称分布C. 血小板正常D. 下肢皮肤有紫癜E. 有过敏史16. 铁剂可用于治疗（ C ）A. 巨幼红细胞性贫血B. 溶血性贫血C. 小细胞低色素性贫血D. 自身免疫性贫血E. 再生障碍性贫血17. 糖尿病最常见的神经病变是（A）A. 周围神经病变B. 神经根病变C. 自主神经病变D. 脊髓病变E. 颅神经病变18. 甲亢治疗方法中，哪种最易引起甲状腺功能减退（ C ）A. 甲硫嘧啶B. 甲巯咪唑C. 放射性131ⅠD. 手术切除甲状腺E. 碘剂19. 下列哪项不是甲亢的临床表现（D ）A. 骨痛B.大便次数增加或腹泻C. 周围血管征D. 月经量增多E. 肌肉萎缩20. 代谢性酸中毒的临床表现为（ E ）A. 呼吸快而浅B.呼吸慢而浅C.尿液呈碱性D.钾离子进入细胞内E.呼吸深而快21. 安神药的服用时间宜选在（D ）A.空腹B.饭前C.饭后D.睡前E.清晨22. 慢性肾炎肾病型在用氮芥治疗中应特别注意观察（ D ）A. 消化道症状B. 出血性膀胱炎C. 肝功能损害D. 白细胞减少E. 脱发23. 开颅术后继发颅内出血的观察内容不包括（E ）A. 头痛B. 呕吐C. 生命体征D. 肢体活动E. 尿量24. 导致成人肾性高血压最常见的疾病是（ E ）A. 肾动脉缩窄B.慢性肾盂肾炎C.急性肾小球肾炎D.肾动脉硬化E. 慢性肾炎25. 休克代偿期的临床表现为（D）A. 血压稍低，脉快，脉压缩小B. 血压稍低，脉快，脉压正常C. 血压稍升高，脉搏无变化，脉压缩小D. 收缩血压正常或稍高，脉稍快，脉压缩小E. 血压稍升高，脉细速，脉压缩小26. 服用补药后忌食（B ）A.醋B.浓茶C.鳖肉D.葱E.鲤鱼27. 嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断试验中,下列哪项最有价值（ E ）A. 组织胺激发试验B. 腹膜后空气造影C. 酚妥拉明(Rigitin)实验D. 铬胺实验E. 测定24小时尿中肾上腺素及去甲肾上腺素总量28. 目前糖尿病主要死亡原因是（A）A. 心血管并发症B. 糖尿病酮症酸中毒昏迷C. 神经病变D. 高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷E. 感染29. 尿毒症伴高血钾时,最有效的治疗方法是（D ）A. 输入小苏打水B. 输入钙剂C. 输入高渗葡萄弹加胰岛素D. 血液透析E. 口服钠型阳离子交换树脂30. 正常止血决定于以下哪几个因素（ D ）A. 血小板的质和量及血管壁的正常B.皮肤的完整性和凝血因素的正常C. 血小板的质和量及凝血因素的正常 D.血小板的质和量,血管壁及凝血因素的正常E.以上都不是31. 破伤风病人最常见的死因是（E ）A.强烈痉挛引起的骨折B.水、电解质平衡紊乱C.急性肾衰竭D.心力衰竭E. 窒息32. 甲状腺次全切除术并发甲状腺危象常发生于术后（D ）A. 4小时B. 5～6小时C. 7～10小时D. 12～36小时E. 48～72小时33. 正常承认颅内压值为（A）A. 0.69～1.96kPaB. 0.5～1.0kPaC. 0.1～1.0 kPaD. 2.0～2.5 kPaE. 0.49～0.98 kPa34. 在没有明确诊断前是不能灌肠的疾病是（B ）A. 粘连性肠梗阻B. 绞窄性肠梗阻C. 胆道蛔虫D.输尿管结石E.小儿肠套叠35. 颅内压增高的临床表现，下列不正确的是（ E ）A. 头痛、呕吐、视神经盘水肿B. 头痛呈阵发性加重C. 后期多出现视力障碍D. 某些病人可以不出现“三主症”E. 婴幼儿头痛都很严重，且多在早期出现36. 再生障碍性贫血应选用（B ）A.铁剂B.叶酸C. 丙酸睾酮D. 硫酸亚铁E. 维生素B637. 下列哪项不是白血病的临床表现（C ）A. 发热B. 出血C. 血糖降低D. 贫血E. 器官侵润38. 颅后窝病变引起颅内压增高的病人应禁忌（A）A. 脑室穿刺B. 脱水药物C. 腰椎穿刺D. 抬高床头E. 心理指导39.以花、叶、草类为主的汤剂，煎煮前需浸泡（ D ）A.5~10分钟B.10~15分钟C.15~20分钟D.20~30分钟E.60分钟40.孕妇最易并发哪种贫血（ B ）A．恶性贫血 B.缺铁性贫血 C.再生障碍性贫血 D.溶血性贫血E.巨幼红细胞性贫血二、多选题（每小题1分，共10分）1. 下列关于生活起居护理的叙述中，正确的是( ACDE)A．秋季饮食宜以滋阴润肺为主B．春季起居宜早卧早起C．冬至以后，由于阳气逐渐回升，冬季进补应选择在立冬以前进行D．夏季睡眠时，不可扇风取凉E．夏季运动锻炼不可过分剧烈2. 胸痛的护理措施包括(ABCDE)A. 病人取病侧卧位B. 使用胶布于病人呼气末紧贴在侧胸部C. 使用吗啡或哌替啶止痛D. 给予小剂量镇静药E. 病因护理3. 对排便次数多的病人,其正确的护理措施是(AB)A. 温水坐浴B. 肛门热敷C. 肛门冷敷D. 冷水坐浴E. 灌肠取粪标本4. 脊髓压迫综合征的临床表现包括(ABCDE )A.运动障碍B.感觉障碍C. 反射障碍D.自主神经功能障碍E.括约肌功能异常5. 室内光线过亮，不适宜下列哪类病人( AD )A．肝阳上亢B．阳虚C．里寒证D．肝风内动E．感受风湿6. 对重症颅脑外伤病人的急救措施包括( ABCDE)A. 测血压、脉搏、呼吸B. 检查神经系统体征C. 保持呼吸道通畅D. 输液、防止休克E. 脱水治疗7.哪些心脏病需要绝对卧床休息(ACDE)A. 心功能Ⅲ型B. 冠心病早期C. 风湿性心脏炎D. 急性心肌梗死E. 室性心动过速8. 以下哪些疾病常有昏阙发生并有可能猝死(BDE)A. 预激综合征B. 肥厚性心肌病C. 室间隔缺损D. 主动脉瓣狭窄E. 心室颤动9. 吸气性呼吸困难的特点是( ABE)A. 呼吸深而慢B. 严重时出现三凹征C. 吸气时间大于呼气时间D. 呼吸频率增加E. 高调的吸气性哮鸣音10. 下列关于煎药的操作中，哪项是正确的( C )A．煎药前用清水冲洗一遍B．用温水泡药30—60分钟C．以花、叶、草类为主的汤剂，浸泡20—30分钟D．煎药过程中，若药液过少，可适当添加少量的水，以免将药煮糊E．药液煮糊后，可加水重煎。

三、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）1. 病人出现端坐呼吸、发绀、咳粉红色泡沫痰、两肺布满湿性啰音、心率快等是大叶性肺炎的临床表现。

( －)2. 肺心病病人出现头痛、失眠、烦躁，往往是肺性脑病的早期表现。

( + )4. 非特异性感染，包括疖、痈、丹毒、急性乳腺炎、结核病。

( －)5. 应激性溃疡是以胃黏膜糜烂和急性溃疡为特征，引起急性上消化道出血的粘膜病变，它发生于某些疾病应激过程中。

( + )6. 一颅脑损伤病人，呼之睁眼，回答问题有错误，刺痛定位，其GCS昏迷计分为10分。

( －)7. 肝穿刺术前应作超声定位，并取压痛最明显或脓肿最低处作穿刺或活检。

( + )8. 甲状腺危象是甲亢术后严重的并发症，病人表现为高热，脉快、谵妄以至昏迷。

( + )9. 肾炎是由细菌直接感染肾脏而发生的。

( —)10. 嗜铬细胞瘤的特征性表现为阵发性高血压。

( + )四、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 十二经脉的循行走向是手三阴经从胸走手，手三阳经从手走头，足三阳经从头走足，足三阴经从足走腹胸。

2. 破伤风的潜伏期一般为6～12天，最短24小时或长者可达数月。

3. 哮喘的典型表现是呼吸困难、咳嗽和哮鸣三症状并存。

4. 高血压危象病人须迅速有效地控制血压，首选药物为硝普钠。

5. 纤维胃镜检查前应禁食12小时；术后2 小时才能进食。

6. 奇恒之腑：脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞。

五、问答题（共20分）1. 叙述高热病人的服药护理。

（10分）外感发热汤剂宜武火快煎，服解表药后，可给热饮料或热粥以助药力。

冬季应加盖衣被，使汗出热解。

内伤发热病人所服汤剂宜文火慢煎，煎后温服，服药后应静卧，以使正气日渐恢复。

另外，高热病人起病急、病势重、变化快，如按常规每日服一剂效果不明显，可每日服2～3剂，每2～4小时服一次。

服药困难时，可将药液浓煎以减少药量，或用鼻饲给药法灌服。

服药后要密切观察用药后的反应。

2. 简述滞针的原因、处理与预防。

（10分）（1）患者精神紧张，针刺人后局部肌肉强烈挛缩；因行针时捻转角度过大过快和持续单向捻转等，而致肌纤维缠绕针身所致。

（2）处理：嘱患者消除紧张，使局部肌肉放松；或延长留针时间。