☆2006年普通高等学校春季招生统一考试上海春考卷
2006年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)数学(文史类)
考试结束前★机密2006年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）数学（文史类）考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、高考准考证号、校验码等填写清楚。
2．本试卷共有22道试题，满分 150分，考试时间 120分钟。
请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
一、填空题（本大题满分 48 分）本大题共有 12 题。
只要求直接填写结果，每个空格填对得 4 分，否则一律得零分。
1．已知集合{}1,3,A m =-, 集合{}3,4B =,若A B ⊆.则实数m =______. 2．已知两条直线12:330.:4610.l ax y l x y +-=+-=若12//l l ,则a =______. 3．若函数()(0.1)x f x a a a =>≠且的反函数的图像过点（2，－1），则 a=______.4．计算： 23(1)lim61n n n n →∞+=+______. 5．若复数(2)(1)z m m i =-++为纯虚数（i 为虚数单位），其中m R ∈，则z = ______. 6．函数sin cos y x x =的最小正周期是______.7．已知双曲线的中心原点，一个顶点的坐标是（3，0），且焦距与虚轴长之比为 5：4则双曲线的标准方程是______.8．方程233log (10)1log x x -=+的解是______.9．已知实数,x y 满足3025000x y x y x y +-≥⎧⎪+-≤⎪⎨≥⎪⎪≥⎩.则y -2x 的最大值是 .10．在一个小组中有 8名女同学和 4名男同学，从中任意地挑选 2名同学担任交通安全宣 传志愿者，那么选到的两名都是女同学的概率是______（结果用分数表示）。
11．若曲线21xy =+与直线y b =没有公共点，则 b 的取值范围是______.12．如图，平面中两条直线1l 和2l 相交于点 O ，对于平面上任意一点 M ，若 p 、q 分别是M 到直线1l 和2l 的距离，则称有序非负实数对 （p 、q ）是点 M 的“距离坐标”。
上海市高考卷语文(2006-2010)(春、秋季)(附答案)
上海市高考卷语文（春、秋季）（附答案）2006年春季高考——2010年春季高考2006年上海春考语文试卷阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文，完成第1—5题。
(18分)扇，自古以来为引风纳凉之物。
千百年来除使用价值之外，小小的扇中还孕育着中华文化艺术的智慧，凝聚了古今工艺美术的精华，是民族传统文化艺术的瑰宝。
“银烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤”早已成为脍炙人口的著名诗句。
扇面的丹青墨宝值得珍藏，扇骨的精工细雕成为艺术。
舞台上，演员一扇在手，或进或退，或开或合，瞬息万变，活灵活现。
建筑中，“扇”这种独特的艺术造型，还被古典园林的漏窗所吸收，成为移步换景、美不胜收的花墙小景，表现出耐人寻味的文化魅力。
我国的扇具有源远流长的发展历史。
目前所发现的最早实物扇应该是楚地出土的春秋、战国时的扇子，有竹扇和羽扇两种。
虽然出土的竹扇是2000多年前的遗物，但其制作已相当精良。
中国的扇仅从材料而言，就有羽扇、竹扇、纨扇、蒲葵扇等。
传统的扇多为圆形，故称“团扇”。
扇面上采用书法，据文献记载，以“羲之书扇”流传最早。
唐代在扇面上的绘画，已有实物出土，而且在唐代绘画中也有所反映。
到了宋代，文人与绘画的关系越来越密切，扇面成为画师创作的天地，加之皇帝对书画扇面的重视，扇面艺术得到飞速发展，臻于顶峰。
仅以《宋人画册》中百幅小品为例，其中纨扇面就有60余幅，而且这些扇面，题材广泛，构思精巧，开创了将绘画艺术融于方寸的“小中见大”的新局面，咫尺千里，雄浑壮阔。
后来，又有以突出某一局部来代替全景的“边角”之景，如夏硅的《烟岫林居图》。
取材中也有小至花鸟画中的野草闲花，昆虫禽鱼，它们纤毫毕现，栩栩如生，如宋徽宗赵佶的《枇杷山鸟图》，运以精心，出以妙笔，具有一种独特的情趣。
因此，宋代的扇面，已成为我国古代绘画艺术中的瑰宝。
扇面作为绘画的一种形式被继承、发扬、光大，实际上已脱离了扇的实用功能，而创作出艺术化的扇面形状的绘画作品，被历代书画爱好者作为精品珍藏。
2006年上海春季高考试题
2006年春考第I卷（105分）I. Listening Comprehension.Part A Short ConversationsDirections:In part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fried chicken. B. Hamburgers. C. A pizza. D. Seafood.2. A. A new job. B. A party. C. A new house. D. Some drinks.3. A. She doesn't like reading. B. She's already read the book.C. She is too busy to read the book.D. She's almost finished the book.4. A. Frightening. B. Interesting. C. Enjoyable. D. Dull.5. A. It is time that he won the scholarship. B. No one believes that he won the scholarship.C. He's surprised that he got the scholarship.D. He's glad to award the woman the scholarship.6. A. The 4:40 bus. B. The 5:00 bus. C. The 5:20 bus. D. The 5:40 bus.7. A. An airhostess. B. A cook. C. A waitress. D. A hotel manager.8. A. At a police station. B. At a bank.C. At an employment agency.D. At a post office.9. A. Someone helped him with the work. B. Someone has done the work for him.C. He didn't quite finish the work.D. He did the work alone.10. A. He doesn't love jazz. B. He hasn't heard any music for a long time.C. He'd prefer silence for a while.D. He'd like to listen to some jazz.Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 3 years. B. 4 years. C. 15 years. D.18 years.12. A. A lawyer. B. A professor. C. An artist. D. An interpreter.13. A. They've overcome their language problems. B. They overtook others in learning Russian.C. They still have problems speaking English.D. They worked in a restaurant to practise English.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. The Spanish flu. B. The Asian flu. C. The Hong Kong flu. D. Bird flu.15. A. In 1968. B. In the 21st century. C. In 1957. D. Over a century ago.16. A. Bird flu viruses. B. Several kinds of flu. C. Causes of flu. D. Some most common viruses. Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will .be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversationII. Grammar and VocabularyDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. More and more young people are fond ___ playing tennis nowadays.A. onB. toC. inD. of26. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we ___ get the work done.A. can'tB. may notC. shouldn'tD. mustn't27. Both sides have accused of breaking the contract ___.A. anotherB. the otherC. neitherD. each28. We ___ our new neighbors yet, so we don't know their names.A. don't meetB. won't meetC. haven't metD. hadn't met29. The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleepB. to sleepC. sleepingD. having slept30. These shoes look very good. I wonder ___.A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost31. Some experts think that language learning is much ___ for children as their tongues are moreflexible.A. easyB. easierC. easilyD. more easily32. ___ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.A. AsB. OnceC. IfD. Although33. Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. why34. Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1,000 years.A. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands35. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature ___ he chose the course.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how36. There are hundreds of visitors ___ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’spaintings.A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. wait37. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, ___ is always busy at the weekend.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which38. ___ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. Having improvedD. Improved39. In the dream Peter saw himself ___ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chasedB. to be chasedC. be chasedD. having been chased40. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and ___ new policies according to WTOrequirements.A. formingB. to formC. to be formingD. have formed41. Put the ___ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.A. tipB. topC. peakD. pole42. Small cars are ___ of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers.A. freeB. shortC. typicalD. economical43. Sean's strong love for his country is ___ in his recently published poems.A. relievedB. reflectedC. respondedD. recovered44. The performer was waving his stick in the street and it ___ missed the child standing nearby.A. narrowlyB. nearlyC. hardlyD. closelyIII. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are __45__ with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to worry about “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a(n) __46__ effect on the child's studies. These parents __47__ this type of pressure will lead to bad behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.Bullying(欺负) from other students is another concern. Still other parents choose this type of __48__ for religious reasons. Whatever the __49__ may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. __50__, many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.What then is the future of education? Will this new model of schooling replace normal schools? Will computers and the Internet __51__ our classrooms and teachers? As the debate continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared __52__ for college? How are home schoolers assessed to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have?Finally, there are questions regarding the children's emotional development. Are they too __53__ their fellow students? Are they __54__ the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are neither simple nor one-sided.45. A. patient B. familiar C. pleased D. dissatisfied46. A. active B. contrary C. important D. negative47. A. care B. fear C. wish D. deny48. A. activity B. education C. behavior D. belief49. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressures50. A. As a result B. On the whole C. After all D. On the contrary51. A. replace B. reserve C. represent D. release52. A. gracefully B. emotionally C. academically D. financially53. A. free from B. isolated from C. related to D. close to54. A. providing B. making C. taking D. losing(B)Many people of my generation say that there is no hope for the future because of the way that young people behave today.Their first argument is that when we were __55__ we used to look after the older people in our community and help them. They also say that young people today don't care about anything or anyone. __56__, I think the reason why we looked after older people was that we had no __57__. People had to live with their parents and grandparents because they had no money. Young people today earn more and have more freedom to live where they want. __58__ this, I think that they are still interested in older people. For example, young people often __59__ to help me when I get on and off the bus with heavy shopping.Their second argument is that in our day we didn't __60__ to be given jobs ——and that young people now don't look for jobs, but just complain about unemployment. On the other hand, things were easier in the past and it was always easy to get a job __61__ you had friends and contacts. It is really harder today. Young people complain about unemployment and I think they have __62__ reason to complain.In conclusion I think there is __63__ for the future. This generation, like generations before them, has new __64__ as well as old problems. If they learn from our mistakes the world will be a better place in future.55. A. ignorant B. young C. childish D. innocent56. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. However57. A. trouble B. concept C. choice D. method58. A. In addition to B. In spite of C. Due to D. As for59. A. offer B. hesitate C. refuse D. mean60. A. prepare B. regret C. decline D. expect61. A. unless B. if C. until D. because62. A. every B. no C. this D. another63. A. possibility B. feasibility C. hope D. result64. A. events B. questions C. hobbies D. opportunitiesIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage your have just read.( A )A lot of people are familiar with the story of Brave Gelert,a dog that faithfully defended the prince’s son, but which was then killed while it w as fast asleep through a terrible misunderstanding. However, only a few people know that the story is really a pack of lies. Let me explain.About a hundred or so years ago there was a hotel owner in Wales who was fed up with business being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of nowhere and hardly anyone came to stay. Then, one day, he had an idea. A famous prince called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been keen on dogs. This is hardly surprising as hunting was extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to make up the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ungrateful master.Of course, people would be far more likely to believe the story if there was something they could see. So one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and built a sort of monument from the stones he found lying around A friend of his, who was an accountant, helped him to construct it .The "tale" soon caught on and developed a life of its own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried. Needless to say, business became very good for the hotel owner.65. According to the tale, the dog was killed by ___.A. a hotel ownerB. a famous accountantC. its masterD. the prince's son66. The owner of the hotel successfully improved his business by ___.A. making up a storyB. constructing a hotel on the hillC. showing people around his hotelD. inviting a friend to help him67. The hotel owner built the stone monument in order toA. make more moneyB. remember the loyal dogC. show offD. honor the prince68. What could be the best title for this passage?A. A Prince and His DogB. A Profit - Making LieC. A Magnificent HotelD. A Faithful but Unlucky Dogsummer, join the International Conservation Scouts on a fun - filleddifference. Year after year, young people from all around the world get together at one of our sixteen 环境保护) camp. Their shared aim? To help protect the countryside and its wildlife.Many animals and plants are in danger of disappearing forever. The dormouse, a kind of mouse, needs woodland plants for food and trees to stay in. Its habitatdestroyed by man and it needs our help to survive.69. The main purpose of this passage is ___.A. to offer young people a fun - filled holidayB. to attract young people to attend a conservation campC. to persuade people into exploring the countrysideD. to raise funds for the International Conservation Scouts70. According to the passage, you can ___ at the conservation camps.A. experiment on the dormouseB. practise your favorite hobbiesC. enrich your knowledge of wildlifeD. have free accommodation and food71. Judging from the writing style of the passage, it is ___.A. a piece of advertisementB. a science reportC. a passage for professional readingD. a passage for arguing an opinion( C )In some children who go blind, certain parts of the brain that normally control vision appear to switch jobs and focus instead on sound, a new study has found.The study, by researchers at the University of Montreal, involved 7 adults who could see and 12 adults who had lost their vision when they were children. Each participant sat in a room with 16 loudspeakers at different locations. The room was designed so that there were no echoes. During the experiment, the speakers irregularly produced sounds. Participants had to point to where the sounds were coming from. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored blood flow in the brains of the participants to see which brain structures were working during the task.The results showed that five of the blind participants were very good at pointing to where sounds were coming from. In these people, blood flow increased in the visual cortex- an area at the back of the right side of the brain. This part of the brain is usually associated with vision.The other seven blind participants showed no increase in activity in the visual cortex. These people didn't do very well at picking out where sounds were coming from. Now, the researchers are looking at whether these people have gained an enhanced sense of touch instead of sound to replace their lost vision.The scientists say that their study shows how adaptable parts of the brain can be.72. The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to find whetherA. blind children can regain their sightB. blind people have a better sense of soundC. the sense of touch is better among blind peopleD. blood flow in the brains of blind people is slower73. The participants of the experiment were asked ___.A. to tell the difference between 16 soundsB. to take down the time each sound lastedC. to identify the direction the sound came fromD. to detect the number of the loudspeakers.74. During the experiment, blood flow in the brains of the participants was measured in order to ___.A. learn about the way they react to echoesB. look for the way of enhancing hearing abilityC. find which parts of the brain were functioningD. expose the relationship between seeing and touching75. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. Most blind people have a well - developed sense of touch.B. People go blind because of the breakdown of their visual cortex.C. Most blind people have a better sense of sound than normal people.D. Human brains can adjust themselves after the loss of a certain function.(D)Indian's snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes(笛子), used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known, to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders.“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can't earn a living for fear of arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in jail. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for police.The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners(从业者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school, "he said. "Now it's hard to earn even f, 1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it s become impossible.Ne xt month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countryman that angers many snake charmers."'We're disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us," said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.76. According to the passage, snake charmers will be retrained as wildlife teachers mainly because___.A. schools need large numbers of such teachersB. most of them cannot support their familiesC. their performances on the street are bannedD. the government plans to save the dying art77. The purpose of the proposed "dial a snake charmer" telephone service is ___.A. to give performance of snake dancingB. to teach householders how to catch and kill snakesC. to offer cleaning service to wealthy householdersD. to help remove unwanted snakes from the houses78. The word "clandestinely" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by the word "___"A. secretlyB. publiclyC. subconsciouslyD. diligently79. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Snake charmers can easily be recognized by the police on the street.B. Children of snake charmers would not like to continue their fathers' job.C. Snake charmers are quite angry with the attitude of their fellow countrymen.D. The animal rights activists take a negative attitude towards snake charmers.( E )Directions:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each80. ___If you suddenly received a lot of money, how would you spend it? For the people of Tuvalu, a tiny state comprising nine islands in the South Pacific, something unusual happened. In 1999 Tuvalu, with its population of 11,000,was the third poorest state in the world. Later, Tuvalu received a domain name on the Internet ——the letters “.tv”. A communication company from California quickly offered to buy the domain name for $ 40 million. The islanders became very rich.81. ___At the same time the islanders received some very bad news. Due to global warming, and because the islands are only 3m above sea level, Tuvalu will probably become the first state in the world to disappear under the sea. According to scientific estimates, the islands will suffer severe floods within the next 15 - 20 years, and by the end of the century, the islands will have disappeared from sight altogether.82. ___You can already see signs of the rising sea on Tuvalu. Pools of seawater appear here and there, some beaches are swallowed by the waves, and the roots of trees are rotting by the ocean. The rains cause temporary floods.83. ___But despite these problems, the Tuvaluan had their new money. Paul Lindsay, a documentary film - maker, went all the way to Tuvalu, and came back with an incredible story. As the water rises, theTuvaluan are using the money to develop the land that is soon to disappear. They are building new houses, planning nightclubs, restaurants and hotels, and new cars are driving around on new roads. "Just because we are sinking, it doesn't mean we don't want to raise our standards of living." Lindsay was told by Sam Teo, Tuvalu' s minister for natural resources.84. ___Of the $ 40 million Tuvalu received through the Internet deal, $ 10 million was used to asphalt the islands' L9km of roads. Before 1999 there were four cars on the islands. The Tuvaluan used to walk or cycle everywhere. There was a flood of imported foods and goods and soon these had unexpected consequences. The Tuvaluan people now suffer from diseases such as obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes. Others discovered that it was too expensive for them to keep their cars. There is now a huge rubbish dump in the middle of this tropical paradise, covered with abandoned cars and other waste.第II卷（共45分）I . TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences English, using the words given in the brackets.1.昨天我的电脑坏了。
2006年上海春考语文试卷答案
答案一、80分(一)(18分)1．(2分)杜牧2．(3分) (1)材料(1分) (2)团(圆)(1分) (3)纸、绢等(写出一项即可)(1分)3．(6分) A(3分) F(3分)4．(3分) (1)扇的形式美。
无论是圆形的团扇还是折叠扇形都富于强烈的艺术美感。
(2)扇面的艺术美。
折叠扇书法艺术精湛，布局考究。
团扇构图精美，以竹人扇，格调高雅。
(写对一点得2分，写对两点得3分)(意思对即可)5．(4分)要点：使用价值，艺术价值，收藏价值，等等。
理由充分语言通顺4分理由较充分语言一般2—3分理由空泛有语病0—1分(二)(20分)6．(2分)为写第二次相遇铺垫7．(3分) (1)貌美(1分) 体残(1分) (2)同情(羞愧、自责)(1分)8．(3分)A9．(3分)遗忘生活中丑恶的东西(1分)，而把美好的东西永远保留在记忆中(2分)10．(4分)写作手法(如：细节、对话、景物、外貌描写等)(各1分) 例子(各1分，必须相配) 11．(5分)内容真实感人，语言通顺5分内容较空泛，语言一般3—4分空洞无物，有语病0—2分(三)(5分)12．(5分)(1)千丈见底急湍甚箭(2)身登青云梯空中闻天鸡(3)白云回望合(4)此中有真意(5)威武不能屈(6)而知也无涯(写对一空得1分)(四)(8分)13．(2分)角黍(香蒲) 斗巧结彩丝(写对一个给1分)14．(3分)(1)浪花飞作湖间雪红旗闪电(1分) (2)如：声音(1分) 画鼓喧雷(1分)(其他角度与例子也可)15．(3分)(1)动静映衬，鲜明对比(2)寓情于景，韵味无穷(答对一点得2分，答对两点得3分)(意思对即可)(五)(17分)16．(4分)(1)通“早”(1分) (2)间或(有时)(1分) (3)到(1分) (4)大多(全、都)(1分)17．(2分)C18．(6分) (1)把钓钩装上鱼饵投到水里(译出大意1分，重点词“饵”“下”各1分) (2)等到天黑回来，那些钓得的．鱼与午前一样(译出大意1分，重点词“逮”“比”各1分)19．(2分)未得鱼希冀得鱼，钓得小鱼期盼大鱼。
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)语文试卷
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文一 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1－5题。
（16分）色彩对人类生活的意义是不言而喻的。
如果说自然环境的美丽多彩是大自然赋予人类的珍贵财富，那么城市则凝聚了人类自远古以来几千年的文明成果。
城市面貌是地区特征、民族特性和文化传统的直观反映，城市色彩无疑是其中最重要的信息之一。
近年来，色彩作为城市景观中的重要因素，逐渐引起关注。
在世界范围内越来越多的研究工作围绕这样的主题展开：一个城市是否可能或应该具有特定的色彩基调？什么样的城市色彩基调能够与其所在的自然环境和谐共处，并反映出城市特有的地方、民族和文化特质？如何从色彩这一设计角度使城市具有统一和谐、美丽宜人的景观，从而给生活于此的人们创造出良好的生存环境？从根本上说，城市色彩的研究对象不是某个个体，而是人们生活于其中的整体城市环境。
“城市色彩”在国内是一个新课题、新领域。
以前实用色彩的研究和运用很少涉及城市这一对象，色彩这一论题没有被提升到城市的范围来进行探索。
究其原因，一方面或许是由于城市问题所涉及的因素众多，另一方面或许是由于色彩的实际运用是一个缺乏明确标准的问题，诸如“选择什么颜色”或者“喜欢什么颜色”这类问题有着极强的主观性，因此，建立良好的城市色彩景观似乎成了一个难以企及的理想。
应该说，正是这种将色彩视为个人喜好的观念，以及城市景观品质意识的匮乏，使城市环境中的色彩问题没有得到足够重视，这对一个良好的城市景观的形成、保护和发展极为不利。
针对城市色彩景观的研究，正是试图以色彩为切入点，从宏观的角度对城市这一复杂的对象展开研究，最终为建立良好的城市色彩景观提供科学的理论依据和切实可行的操作方法。
大中型城市，一般情况下都会形成具有功能特征的区域，以此为据可以建立城市色彩景观规划设计的一种模式，即以建筑区域在城市中的不同功能角色和性质为出发点，对其进行以区域为单位的建筑及其他重要视觉元素的色彩景观控制。
上海市春考高考英语试卷(精校含答案)
普通高校春季招生统一文化考试英语试卷第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Cheese cake. B.Pie and ice cream. C.Chocolate cake. D.Ice cream.2. A.She can’t see the museum. B.Her glasses are wrong.C.She loses her glasses.D.She can’t see the time on the sign.3. A.Glad. B.Surprised. C.Moved. D.Doubtful.4. A.She works as a librarian. B.She likes killing time by browsing books.C.She lives near the library.D.She felt being at home in the library.5. A.He is going to ski this afternoon.B.He will probably not go skiing this afternoon.C.He doubts that the weather will be bad.D.He will go skiing if the weather is bad.6. A.His brother ate the food all. B.His brother did some cleaning to the fridge.C.His brother took out all the food.D.His brother liked food very much.7. A.She suggests not going to the concert.B.She suggests changing to another day.C.She suggests changing the nephew’s T-shirt.D.She suggests that the man change his T-shirt.8. A.He would drive the woman to school right now.B.He would send the woman’s car to a repair shop.C.He would go to the clinic first.D.He would lend his car to the woman.9. A.She doesn’t agree with the man.B.She doesn’t understand what the man means.C.She thinks psychologists are wrong.D.She has no idea what psychologists have done.10. A.She took part in the show,too. B.She had a good time at the show.C.She watched just part of the show.D.She was clear of the whole thing.Section BDirections: In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the fourpossible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A.A handbag with an explosive device. B.An unknown handbag.C.An explosive device.D.An explosive handbag.12. A.They should leave the seats as soon as possible.B.They should make their way out quietly and orderly.C.They only need to care for themselves.D.They should make their way out by exit 2.13. A.In a shopping mall. B.At a supermarket.C.In a theater.D.In a children’s garden.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.A television set. B.A remote control. C.A screen. D.An aid substractor.15. A.She likes watching advertisements with loud volume.B.She uses the remote control to reduce the volume sometimes.C.She made the invention all by herself.D.She invented the telephone answering machine.16. A.It must be attached to the back of the remote control.B.She must preset the volume each time she turns on the TV.C.The remote control must always be pointed directly at the TV set.D.The volume must be set twice of the program.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A.It’s about the steps in making a speech. B.It’s about the importance of speech.C.It’s about how to get a good grade.D.It’s about the importance of the listeners.18. A.The influence of the speech. B.The listeners of the speech.C.The subject of the speech.D.The purpose of the speech.19. A.Entertainment. B.Audience. anizing thoughts. D.Grade.20. A.Write down whatever comes to mind. rm the audience about the subject.C.Make the audience laugh.D.Think of the listeners.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.“Zootopia” Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend,the latest Disney movie, “Zootopia”,broke records.The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation(动画片).People across the United States bought more than $75 million worth of tickets.“Zootopia” is a city of animals.The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal (21)__________ team up to find a missing otter(水濑).He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.“Zootopia” (22)__________ (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release.The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations (23)__________two kinds of animals in the city.Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote “Zootopia”.They told reporteres that it started out as a spy movie (24)__________ (set) in several different contexts.But they changed the story (25)__________ they found the animal world especially interesting.They said to (26)__________ something like this.“What’s this world like?What’s the history of this world?”And then,Bush said,they went to the experts.Not only (27)__________ the writers speak with people who study couture(时装) and group behaviour,but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy (28)__________ (produce) in drawings.In the movie,64 species live in multiple neighborhoods (29)__________ (represent) different animals’ living environments.Disney says “Zootopia” is its (30)__________ (complex) animation yet.The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in theDoes “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password?What bout “adgjmptw”?An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most (31)__________ used,which of course means they are not secure at all.When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet,they appeared to (32)__________ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful,even if,in the specific case of the leaked passwords,they are also completely pointless. While many of the passwords were still single words,such as “password”,there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to (33)__________.The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.“Users are becoming slightly more (34)__________ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine,an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance,adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase.That makes it better,right?”But (35)__________ no.They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 percent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords.Yahoo is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account,had have a single use-passwords texted to it each time they want to (36)__________ on.Although the services is voluntary,Dylan Casey,an executive at Yahoo,said that it was “the first step to (37)__________ passwords”.He said it was a(n) (38)__________ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we,as an industry,have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,”he said.It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than same people’s improving upon “password” by using “password” or,tran5p053d unmb3r5 f0r 13tt3r5.“We are,for the most part,predictably (39)__________ when it comes to choosing passwords,despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups,”saidWP Engine. “We love taking a(n) (40)__________,and so do password crackers.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end?Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n) (41)__________ situation?If you don’t believe in it,you’ll put it down to (42)__________ and on overactive imagination.But some people believe it is (43)__________ that there is a sixth sense beyond smell,taste,touch,hearing and sight.Now,scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists,but also to find out how you can (44)__________ it to your advantage.Dean Radin,a researcher in California,has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit(招募) 4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any (45)__________ instances of sixth sense or,as he calls it, “precognition”—the ability to predict outcomes.The results so far are (46)__________.In a card test,where you have to (47)__________ which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture,the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time—the (48)__________ of this happening are 2,669 to 1.(49)__________,Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images that are designed to stimulate a specific responses.In the experiment,participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer,with are measures of emotional arousal.Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures,while remaining (50)__________ before the tree-type pictures.But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists,the question is,does it actually (51)__________?Radin says it does. “the future of our civilization depends on (52)__________ that are being made now,whether it’s about how we farm our food,how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products.We don’t have answers to these important questions,yet what we decide on will (53)__________ our lives for decades or longer.Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the (54)__________,”he says. “If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time,as I believe the data shows,then (55)__________ this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.”41. A.unfamiliar B.tough C.harmless D.ridiculous42. A.coincidence B.resistance C.innovation D.distraction43. A.mystery B.evidence C.falsehood D.innocence44. A.alter B.define C.find e45. A.historical B.strange C.mistaken D.true46. A.extraordinary B.inevitable C.alarming D.disappointing47. A.ask B.guess C.recall D.learn48. A.figures B.methods C.scores D.chance49. A.However B.Otherwise C.Meanwhile D.Consequently50. A.active B.calm C.silent D.alert51. A.serve any purpose B.take any advantage C.make any progress D.win any support52. A.inquiries B.decisions C.donations parisons53. A.ruin B.improve C.affect D.involve54. A.expense B.risk C.effort D.wait55. A.proving B.challenging C.limiting D.understandingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)What happens in a particular class on a particular day depends on the interactions that occur between the teacher,the students,and the material being studied.The classroom context,generally speaking,includes all those factors that influence what happens during teaching and learning.These factors operate on different levels.The physical context,for example,influences what happens in the classroom.Space may restrict participation,depending on how a teacher interprets the situation.Some teachers use their surroundings to promote learning.Notice boards reflect themes or topics being studies;a display area presents students’ written work for others to read.Of course,some teachers remain unaware of the physical environment that they and their students inhabit together.A room,after all,is just a room.Yet the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that will occur.Straight rows of tables,for example,are favorable to classroom lectures and turn-taking routines in which students one by one,recite answers to a teacher’s questions.A room isn’t just a room for teachers who seek to make the physical environment suitable for interactive learning.Interactive learning invites thinking,reading,writing,speaking,listening,and sharing.Such classrooms are arranged for individuals rather than for the “class” as a whole;they welcome students as active participants.Various physical arrangements encourage interactive learning,but they depend on the size of the room and the furniture that is available.A class can be organized for individual,group,or whole-class activities.Students are initially assigned seats at a combination of small and large tables.However,when the students work individually or in groups,they are free to abandon the assigned seating.The chalkboard occupies a central position in the room to accommodate whole-class study.56.According to the passage,the physical context (paragraph 2) may include __________.A.teachers’ rolesB.themes being studiedC.a display areaD.student’s participation57.Which of the following is the most suitable for a classroom lecture?（此处应有图片）58.From the last paragraph,we can learn that __________.A.classrooms should be arranged for the class as a wholeB.the chalkboard should be abandoned during group workC.seating can be changed for different classroom activitiesD.interaction can be encouraged by combining small and large tables59.What is the passage mainly about?A.The physical classroom environment varies with different types of interaction.B.The physical environment is a deciding factor for a successful lesson.C.Interactive learning depends on individuals’ active involvement.D.Group work has become a trend in classroom teaching.Domestic orders placed by December 20 will arrive for Christmas.Overseas orders placed by December 9 will arrive for Christmas.Overnight orders placed by December 22 will arrive for Christmas for an addition fee.Framed orders(domestic or overseas) require additional time for delivery.About Our PaperWe use high-quality,acid-free papers or heavy weight Exhibition Gallery Canvas.Paper SizesPaper sizes are in inches.If an image’s dimensions(尺寸) don’t exactly match the paper’s dimensions there will be a wider margin on the narrowest side.The long edge on prints 34×47 and larger will vary depending on the dimensions of the photo and may be longer than the size listed.Custom(定制的)FramesWe’ve partnered with Simply Framed to offer high-quality custom frames made in the USA.Please allow an additional 3 weeks for delivery.Frames come in black or brown wooden finish and include protective paperback finish,wall bumpers,hanging hardware+nails,hanging and care instructions.Frames arrive gift-wrapped in brown paper.Framed sales are final.60.If you want to order a 17×22 print on canvas with a black frame,how much are you expectedto pay?A.$45.00USD.B.$70.00USD.C.$215.00USD. D.$285.00USD.61.If you hope your framed order will reach your friend in Germany for Christmas,you’d better place your order by __________.A.December 20B.December 9C.November 30D.November 1962.The above advertisement is mainly intended to promote __________.A.Painting exhibitionB.the sale of printsC.Germany as a romantic destinationD.high-quality custom frames(C)We’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting.Remaining too involved in a kid’s life,especially throughout college,can lead to depression,lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.This wisdom seems sound.But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance.The concern:that too much of warning and horror stories—the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap”—is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.“Yes,parents can be intruders,”says Marjorie Savage,a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time,there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family.”At Hofstra University,for example,parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources,as if bringing up those topics were forbidden,says Branka Kristie,who heads the family-outreach programs.And Svage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester.She did not want to “helicopter in”That means colleges,which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved,now have a different problem.In recent years,hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices,which serve as one-stop shops for moms and dads looking to make complaints,report problem and generally stay in touch.Much of this began,of course,because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before.On average,they communicate 22.1 times per week,according to research from Barbara Hofer,a s=psychology professor at Middlebury College.That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago,before almost every student had a smartphone.With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place,some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach,often through email and other social media.Hofstra’s Kristic advises parents to “be a guide,while granting that the student owns the journey.”That means asking questions,listening to answers,being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems.But if issues persist,or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger,it also means hopping in the chopper,at least for a little while.63.In paragraph 3,parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to __________.A.show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparentingB.provide educators with a new understanding of overparentingC.give a further example of supportive overparentingD.place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting64.The phrase “hopping in the chopper” in the last paragraph refers to __________.A.having trust in kidsB.stepping in to solve kids’ problemsC.joining a family-outreach programD.turning to social media for help65.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Mental-health and campus-safety resources are sensitive topics among parents.B.How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family education.C.Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.D.There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.66.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Why Colleges Need Helicopter Parents.B.How to Improve Parent-school Relations.C.Why Overparenting Is in Question.D.How to Communicate More as Parents.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.To some people,the idea of reading comic books seems childish.(67)__________ Comics are published globally,but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite the fact—or perhaps because—they differ in a number of ways.(68)__________ American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines,dialogue,and color are added.Also,creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams,who keep the superhero “alive”.This is in sharp contrast to manga(日本漫画) creators,who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines,dialogue,and artwork.When a manga creator decides to stop,so does the hero.Another difference is the appearance of the heroes.(69)__________ Also,manga heroes rarely look Japanese,and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context.However,American comic heroes,despite their masks,are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.Probably the biggest difference is the readership.Up until the 1950s,American comic books were read by both children and adults,with popular titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month.The arrival of TV,however,led to a decline in sales so that now theaverage reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes.(70)__________ There manga sales are still booming,reaching as high as $7 billion each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women.Manga for men and boys,like the American comics,tend to be action-oriented,while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.I V. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ShynessIf you suffer from shyness,you are not alone,for shyness is a universal phenomenon.It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life.Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families,with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby.Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time,children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends.Because of their lack of social skills,they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture.In a large study conducted in Japan,57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy.Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan,an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents,grandparents,teachers,coaches,and others,while failure is entirely blamed on the person.”Therefore,Japanese learn not to take risks i public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role.In the United States,the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years.Due to our huge advances in technology,watching television,playing video games,and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people.Adults,too,are becoming more isolated as a result of technology.Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks,gas station attendants,and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banning,fill their gas tanks,and order goods.In short,they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives.Therefore,if you are shy,you have lots of company.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你不必在乎他人对你的评论。
06年上海高考卷
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）生物试题一．单选题(共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项)(一)1分题(共8题)，1．为测定组织细胞中是否有葡萄糖存在，常用的试剂是A．苏丹Ⅲ染液B．碘液C．班氏试剂D．龙胆紫染液2．下列物质合成时，不需要氮源的是A．三磷酸腺苷B．酪氨酸酶C．脂肪酸D．核酸3．绿色植物和高等动物不同之处在于A．人能适应环境B．可进行呼吸作用C．具有抗病能力D．能固定CO24．下列生物中不属于真核生物的是①噬菌体②颤藻③酵母菌④水绵A．①②B．①③C．②③D．③④5．婴幼儿期分泌过少而引起呆小症的激素是A．胰岛素B．甲状腺激素C．生长激素D．性激素6．为了测定水质富营养化程度，应选择的测定项目是A．CO2，P B．O2，CO2 C．N，DDT D．N，P7．下列因素中可导致松鼠种群内竞争加剧的是A．环境温度升高B．捕食者数量增加C．种群内疾病流行D．种群繁殖率提高8．哺乳动物肌肉细胞之间进行物质交换的环境是A．血液B．体液C．组织液D．细胞内液(二)2分题(共20题)9．右图食物网中的猫头鹰体重每增加20g，至少需要消耗植物A．200g B．250g C．500g D．1000g10．用一个32P标记的噬菌体侵染细菌。
若该细菌解体后释放出32个大小、形状一样的噬菌体，则其中含有32P的噬菌体有A．0个B．2个C．30个D．32个11．右图中曲线Ⅱ表示的是牛被引入某孤岛后的种群数量变化。
如果当初被引入的是羊，则羊的种群数量变化曲线为A．I B．ⅢC．IV D．V12．光身长翅与毛身卷翅果蝇杂交后，F1代全为光身长翅。
F1代雌果蝇的测交后代中，光身长翅：光身卷翅：毛身长翅：毛身卷翅为4：1：1：4，则控制这两对相对性状的基因间的交换值是A．5％B．10％C．20％D．25％13．一密闭容器中加入葡萄糖溶液和酵母菌，1小时后测得该容器中O2减少24ml，CO2增加48ml，则在1小时内酒精发酵所消耗的葡萄糖量是有氧呼吸的A．1/3倍B．1/2倍C．2倍D．3倍14．下列组合中，依次属于种群、群落、生态系统的一组是①一块稻田中所有三化螟幼虫、蛹和成虫②崇明岛东滩的全部生物③东方绿舟的全部生物及无机环境④九段沙湿地的全部动物及绿色植物A．①②③B．②③④C．③④①D．①②④15．用显微镜镜检人血涂片时，发现视野内有一清晰的淋巴细胞如图。
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试数学试题及参考答案
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2006年高考上海卷(文科数学)
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科数学（上海卷）一、填空题:本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分.1.已知{1,3,}A m =-，集合{3,4}B =，若B A ⊆,则实数m = .2.已知两条直线1l ：330ax y +-=，2l ：4610x y +-=.若12//l l ，则a = .3.若函数()(0,1)x f x a a a =>≠且的反函数的图像过点(2,1)-，则a = .4.计算：23(1)lim61n n n n →∞+=+ . 5.若复数z 满足(2)(1)z m m i =-++（i 为虚数单位），其中m R ∈则z = . 6.函数sin cos y x x =的最小正周期是 .7.已知双曲线中心在原点，一个顶点的坐标为(3,0),且焦距与虚轴长之比为5:4，则双曲线的标准方程是 .8.方程233log (10)1log x x -=+的解是 .9.已知实数,x y 满足3025000x y x y x y +-≥⎧⎪+-≤⎪⎨≥⎪⎪≥⎩，则2y x -的最大值是 .10.在一个小组中有8名女同学和4名男同学，从中任意地挑选2名同学担任交通安全宣传志愿者，那么选到的两名都是女同学的概率是 .（结果用分数表示） 11.若曲线21x y =+与直线y b =没有公共点，则b 的取值范围是 . 12.如图，平面中两条直线1l 和2l 相交于点O ，对于平面上任意一点M ,若,p q 分别是M 到直线1l 和2l 的距离，则称有序非负实数对(,)p q 是点M 的“距离坐标”，根据上述定义，“距离坐标”是(1,2)二、选择题：本大题共有4题，每小题4分，满分16分.每题都给出的四个结论，)q其中有且只有一个结论是正确的.13．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，下列结论中错误的是 A.AB DC = B.AD AB AC += C.AB AD BD -= D.0AD CB +=14.如果0a <，0b >，那么，下列不等式中正确的是 A.11a b <<22a b < D.a b > 15.若空间中有两条直线，则“这两条直线为异面直线”是“这两条直线没有公共点”的A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件16.如果一条直线与一个平面垂直，那么，称此直线与平面构成一个“正交线面对”。
2006年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海 数学试卷(理工农医类)
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2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海卷（文综）本试卷分为第I 卷和第11 卷两部分。
满分为150 分。
考试时间为120 分钟。
第I 卷（共72 分）1）④促进青少年正确世界观、人生观和价值观的形成A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④2．中共十六届五中全会提出，建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务，要按照生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主的要求，扎实稳步推进新农村建设。
这表明（）①建设社会主义新农村必须坚持以发展农村经济为中心②加强农村民主法制建设对农村经济发展起决定作用③中国共产党行使组织和领导社会主义新农村建设的国家职能④广大农民共享改革发展的成果是建设社会主义新农村的重要目的A．①②B．③④C．②③D．①④3．结合下图，分析我国“十五”期间国内生产总值( GDP ）与财政收人两者之间的关系。
下列正确的选项有（）“十五”期间国内生产总值（GDP ）与财政收人状况①每年GDP大于每年财政收人②GDP和财政收人增长幅度相同③随着GDP的增长，财政收人也增长④财政收人的增长幅度决定GDP的增长幅度A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④4．从2006年4月1日起，我国对消费税税目、税率及相关政策进行了调整，首次将木制一次性筷子、实木地板列为征税对象，新增了高尔夫球及球具等高档消费品税目，提高了大排量汽车的税率。
同时取消了有些税目，调低了有些税目的税率。
以上材料体现的政府宏观调控意意图是（）①引导合理消费和生产②大幅度增加国家财政收人③节约资源和保护环境④抑制社会消费需求总量增长A．①②B．②③C．①③D．②④5）必然性是偶然性的表现形式④投掷次数越多，正面和反面朝上的次数越接近A．①②B．②③C．①④D．②④6．某化学工业区以科学理论为指导，调整原有的产业布局，使得上游产业废料成为下游产业原料，形成循环经济产业链，获得了很好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。
该事例说明（）①人是可以利用和改变规律的②科学理论对实践具有重要的指导作用③发展循环经济有利于节约型社会的建设④只要发挥主观能动性就能迅速提高企业经济效益A．①②B．②③C．②④D．③④7．一位参观“世界文明珍宝展”的文物爱好者，想依次观赏下列展品：“不祥的木乃伊”、达芬奇绘画作品、新西兰士著人头饰、印第安象形文字石雕。
2006年上海春招卷
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试综合能力测试试卷本试卷分第1卷和第1I卷两部分。
全卷共12页，满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
第1卷(共90分)考生注意：1．答第1卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2．第1卷(1～30 小题)为单选题，由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
1．经济学界历来把拉动经济增长的三个重要因素称为“三驾马车”。
下图为上海市统计局公布的2005年1月至8月部分数据。
请推测，其中构成“三驾马车”的是( )。
A．消费、外资、出口B．投资、消费、出口C．外资、投资、出口D．消费、外资、投资2．当恶性通货膨胀发生时，社会总需求远大于社会总供给，货币发行量远大于流通中所需要的货币量。
以下可以减缓恶性通货膨胀程度的措施是( )。
①提高利率②降低利率⑨缩减财政支出④扩大财政支出A．②④ B．①④ c．②③ D．①③3．第三产业就业比重可以反映一个国家的经济发展水平。
以下正确反映第三产业就业比重与人均GDP之间一般关系的曲线是( )。
4．联合国教科文组织的有关报告指出：“发展中国家解决温饱需要130亿美元，而欧美每年饲养宠物的支出为170亿美元；发展中国家妇女正常生育需要120亿美元，相当于欧美妇女每年购买香水的费用；1975-1997年发明治疗热带传染病新药仅有13种，而同期却发明了1223种减肥新药．”上述这些材料表明( )。
①发达国家和发展中国家之间的贫富差距巨大②全球经济资源没有能够得到合理的利用③只要发达国家实行节约就能解决发展中国家的贫困问题④加快发展中国家发展是当今世界面临的重大课题A．①②④ B．②③④ c．①③④ D．①②③5．春秋时代的政治家管仲说：“一年之计，莫如树谷：十年之计，莫如树小；百年之计，莫如树人。
2006年全国普通高等学校春季统一招生考试试卷上海卷理
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试数学试卷一、填空题(本大题满分48分,本大题共有12题，只要求直接填写结果，每题填对得4分，否则一律得零分)3n -2 lim------ -1. 计算：n_. 4 n V = .2. 方程log 3(2X-1)=1的解x=3. 函数f(x)=3x+5,x € [0,1]的反函数f (X)=_____________ . _______1 -2x4. 不等式X 1 > 0的解集是 ____________ . _______2 2 25. 已知圆C: (X+5) +y =r (r > 0)和直线l : 3x+y+5=0.若圆C与直线l没有公共点，则r的取值范围是_______ . ____6. 己知函数f(x)是定义在(-s，+ a)上的偶函数，当X € (- a,0)时，f(x)=x-x 4,则当X€ (0,+时，f(x)= _____ . _______7. 电视台连续播放6个广告，其中含4个不同的商业广告和2个不同的公益广告，要求首尾必须播放公益广告，则共有________________ 种不同的播放方式(结果用数值表示)8. 正四棱锥底面边长为4，侧棱长为3，则其体积为__________ . _____9. 在"ABC中，已知BC=8,AC=5,三角形面积为12,则cos2C= .—fc- ——* ■—►—r—ir10. 若向量a、b 的夹角为150° , I a I = 3, I b I =4,则丨2 a+b I =11. 己知直线l过点P (2, 1),且与X轴、y轴的正半轴分别交于A、B两点，C为坐标原点，则三角形OA面积的最小值为12. 同学们都知道，在一次考试后，如果按顺序去掉一些高分，那么班级的平均分将降低；反之，如果按顺序去掉一些低分，那么班级的平均分将提高，这两个事实可以用数学语言描述为：若有限数列a1,a2… ,a n 满足aS a2<^<a n , 则(结论用数学式于表示).、选择题(本大题满分16分，共有4题，每题都给出四个结论，其中有且只有一个结沦是正确的，必须把正确结论的代号写在题后的圆括号内，选对得4分，否则一律得零分。
2006年高考上海卷文科数学试题及参考答案
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学试卷（文史类）考生注意： 1．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、高考准考证号、校证码等填写清楚。
2．本试卷共有22道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
参考公式：如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 正棱锥、圆锥的侧面积公式P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B) cl S 21=锥侧如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么P(A·B)=P(A)·P(B) 其中c 表示底面周长，l 表示斜高或母线长如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是 球的体积公式P ，那么n 次独立重复试验中恰好发生k 334R V π=球次的概率kn kkn n P P C k P --=)1()( 其中R 表示球的半径一、填空题（本大题满分48分）本大题共有12题。
只要求直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分。
1．已知集合{},,3,1m A -=集合{},4,3=B 若,B A ⊆则实数=m .2．已知两条直线.0164:.033:21=-+=-+y x l y ax l 若=a l l 则,//21 .3．若函数)1.0()(≠>=a a a x f x且的反函数的图像过点（2，－1），则a = . 4．计算：16)1(32lim++∞-n n n n = .5．若复数i m m z )1()2(++-=为纯虚数（I 为虚数单位），其中R m ∈，则Z = .6．函数x x y cos sin =的最小正周期是 .7．已知双曲线的中心原点，一个顶点的坐标是（3，0），且焦距与虚轴长之比为5：4，则双曲线的标准方程是 .8．方程x x 323log 1)10(log +=-的解是 .9．已知实数y ,x 满足⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≥≥≤-+≥-+.0.0.052.03y x y x y x ，则x y 2-的最大值是 .10．在一个小组中有8名女同学和4名男同学，从中任意地挑选2名同学担任交通安全宣传志愿者，那么选到的两名都是女同学的概率是 （结果用分数表示）。
2006年上海春招卷
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试综合能力测试试卷本试卷分第1卷和第1I卷两部分。
全卷共12页，满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
第1卷(共90分)考生注意：1．答第1卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2．第1卷(1～30 小题)为单选题，由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
1．经济学界历来把拉动经济增长的三个重要因素称为“三驾马车”。
下图为上海市统计局公布的2005年1月至8月部分数据。
请推测，其中构成“三驾马车”的是( )。
A．消费、外资、出口B．投资、消费、出口C．外资、投资、出口D．消费、外资、投资2．当恶性通货膨胀发生时，社会总需求远大于社会总供给，货币发行量远大于流通中所需要的货币量。
以下可以减缓恶性通货膨胀程度的措施是( )。
①提高利率②降低利率⑨缩减财政支出④扩大财政支出A．②④ B．①④ c．②③ D．①③3．第三产业就业比重可以反映一个国家的经济发展水平。
以下正确反映第三产业就业比重与人均GDP之间一般关系的曲线是( )。
4．联合国教科文组织的有关报告指出：“发展中国家解决温饱需要130亿美元，而欧美每年饲养宠物的支出为170亿美元；发展中国家妇女正常生育需要120亿美元，相当于欧美妇女每年购买香水的费用；1975-1997年发明治疗热带传染病新药仅有13种，而同期却发明了1223种减肥新药．”上述这些材料表明( )。
①发达国家和发展中国家之间的贫富差距巨大②全球经济资源没有能够得到合理的利用③只要发达国家实行节约就能解决发展中国家的贫困问题④加快发展中国家发展是当今世界面临的重大课题A．①②④ B．②③④ c．①③④ D．①②③5．春秋时代的政治家管仲说：“一年之计，莫如树谷：十年之计，莫如树小；百年之计，莫如树人。
06年07年上海春考物理部分
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试综合能力测试试卷（物理部分）16．下图中的车轮，按人类开始使用时间的先后顺序排列正确的是( )。
A．④①②③ B．④③①② C．④@)①③ D．①②③④17．与装有实心轮胎的自行车相比，19世纪末发明的装有充气轮胎的自行车骑行更快捷舒适。
主要的原因是充气轮胎( )。
A．质量较小 B．与地面的摩擦力较小C．材料较好 D．更有弹性18．一辆汽车在平直公路上行驶，以下说法正确的是( )。
A．汽车的行驶速度保持不变，车轮直径越大，车轮旋转越快B．汽车车轮旋转快慢保持不变，车轮直径越小，行驶速度越大C．汽车的功率保持不变，行驶速度越大，受到的牵引力越小D．汽车受到的牵引力保持不变，行驶速度越小，功率越大19．以下选项中的物体运动原理与运载火箭发射升空的原理最为相似的是( )。
A．爆竹飞上天空 B．运动员跳高 C．地球绕太阳运动 D．离弦之箭20．物体由于运动而具有的能叫做动能，动能大小等于物体质量与其速度平方乘积的一半。
以下选项中动能最大的是( )。
A．踢出的足球 B．飞行中的运载火箭C．从炮口飞出的炮弹 D．从枪口飞出的子弹41．地理上将滑动面以上的滑动岩土体称为滑坡体，滑动面以下为倾斜的山坡。
假设滑动面坡度大约为30。
，请在右侧方框中画出表示滑坡体与山坡关系的简单力学模型示意图，并确定影响滑坡的主要因素是和。
42．可能诱发滑坡的自然或人为因素有许多，如和。
43．人类预防滑坡灾害，可以采取的措施是( )。
①确定潜在的滑坡位置②切除滑坡体下部③加强对滑坡体的观察④滑坡体表面用水泥固结⑤锚固山体A．①③⑤ B．①②③ c．②④⑤ D．③④⑤四、(本题共9分)F1赛车是大众感兴趣的一项运动。
上海国际赛车场采用了现代造型与中国文化融为一体的设计理念。
下图是上海国际赛车场赛道和美国印第安那波利斯赛道的图形(箭头方向表示赛车行驶方向)。
44．请你判断甲、乙两个赛道中哪一个是上海赛道?并说出理由。
2006年上海高考语文真题试卷(word版)
予 是地 近年来，色彩作为城市景观中的重要因素，逐渐引起关注。
在世界范围内越来 越多的研究工作围绕这样的主题展开：一个城市是否可能或应该具有特定的色彩基调? 什么样的城市色彩基调能够与其所在的自然环境和谐共处，并反映出城市特有的地方 、民族和文化特质?如何从色彩这一设计角度使城市具有统一和谐、美丽宜人的景观， 从而给生活于此的人们创造出良好的生存环境?从根本上说，城市色彩的研究对象不是 某个 “城市色彩”在国内是一个新课题、新领域。
以前实用色彩的研究和运用很少涉 及城市这一对象，色彩这一论题没有被提升到城市的范围来进行探索。
究其原因，一 方面或许是由于城市问题所涉及的因素众多，另一方面或许是由于色彩的实际运用是 一个缺乏明确标准的问题，诸如“选择什么颜色”或者“喜欢什么颜色”这类问题有着极 强的主观性，因此，建立良好的城市色彩景观似乎成了一个难以企及的理想。
应该说 ，正是这种将色彩视为个人喜好的观念，以及城市景观品质意识的匮乏，使城市环境 中的色彩问题没有得到足够重视，这对一个良好的城市景观的形成、保护和发展极为 不利。
针对城市色彩景观的研究，正是试图以色彩为切入点，从宏观的角度对城市这 一复杂的对象展开 可行的操作方法。
大中型城市，一般情况下都会形成具有功能特征的区域，以此为据可以建立城 市色彩景观规划设计的一种模式，即以建筑区域在城市中的不同功能角色和性质为出 绝密★启用前2006 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文试卷（满分 150 分，考试时间 150 分钟）考生注意：1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题和答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题)或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答题前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷.理)含答案
2006年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海 数学试卷（理工农医类）考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、高考准考证号、校验码等填写清楚．2．本试卷共有22道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上．一．填空题（本大题满分48分）本大题共有12题，只要求直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．已知集合A ＝{－1，3，2m －1}，集合B ＝{3，2m }．若B ⊆A ，则实数m ＝ ．2．已知圆2x －4x －4＋2y ＝0的圆心是点P ，则点P 到直线x －y －1＝0的距离是 ．3．若函数)(x f ＝x a （a ＞0，且a ≠1）的反函数的图像过点（2，－1），则a ＝ ．4．计算：1lim 33+∞→n C nn ＝ ．5．若复数z 同时满足z －-z ＝2i ，-z ＝iz （i 为虚数单位），则z ＝ ． 6．如果αcos ＝51，且α是第四象限的角，那么)2cos(πα+＝ ．7．已知椭圆中心在原点，一个焦点为F （－23，0），且长轴长是短轴长的2倍，则该椭圆的标准方程是 ．8．在极坐标系中，O 是极点，设点A （4，3π），B （5，－65π），则△OAB 的面积是 ．9．两部不同的长篇小说各由第一、二、三、四卷组成，每卷1本，共8本．将它们任意地排成一排，左边4本恰好都属于同一部小说的概率是 （结果用分数表示）．10．如果一条直线与一个平面垂直，那么，称此直线与平面构成一个“正交线面对”．在一个正方体中，由两个顶点确定的直线与含有四个顶点的平面构成的“正交线面对”的个数是 ．11．若曲线2y ＝|x |＋1与直线y ＝kx ＋b 没有公共点，则k 、b 分别应满足的条件是 ．12．三个同学对问题“关于x 的不等式2x ＋25＋|3x －52x |≥ax 在[1，12]上恒成立，求实数a 的取值范围”提出各自的解题思路． 甲说：“只须不等式左边的最小值不小于右边的最大值”．乙说：“把不等式变形为左边含变量x 的函数，右边仅含常数，求函数的最值”． 丙说：“把不等式两边看成关于x 的函数，作出函数图像”．参考上述解题思路，你认为他们所讨论的问题的正确结论，即a 的取值范围是 ．二．选择题（本大题满分16分）本大题共有4题，每题都给出代号为A 、B 、C 、D 的四个结论，其中有且只有一个结论是正确的，必本大题满分16分）须把正确结论的代号写在题后的圆括号内，选对得4分，不选、选错或者选出的代号超过一个（不论是否都写在圆括号内），一律得零分．13．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，下列结论中错误的是 [答]（ ）（A ）→--AB ＝→--DC ；（B ）→--AD ＋→--AB ＝→--AC ；（C ）→--AB －→--AD ＝→--BD ；（D ）→--AD ＋→--CB ＝→0．14．若空间中有四个点，则“这四个点中有三点在同一直线上”是“这四个点在同一平面上”的[答]（ ）（A ）充分非必要条件；（B ）必要非充分条件；（C ）充要条件；（D ）非充分非必要条件．15．若关于x 的不等式x k )1(2+≤4k ＋4的解集是M ，则对任意实常数k ，总有[答]（ ）（A ）2∈M ，0∈M ； （B ）2∉M ，0∉M ； （C ）2∈M ，0∉M ； （D ）2∉M ，0∈M ． 16．如图，平面中两条直线1l 和2l 相交于点O ，对于平面上任意一点M ，若p 、q分别是M 到直线1l 和2l 的距离，则称有序非负实数对（p ，q ）是点M 的“距离坐标”．已知常数p ≥0，q ≥0，给出下列命题： ①若p ＝q ＝0，则“距离坐标”为（0，0）的点 有且仅有1个；②若pq ＝0，且p ＋q ≠0，则“距离坐标”为A B C D 1l 2l OM （p ，q ）（p ，q ）的点有且仅有2个；③若pq ≠0，则“距离坐标”为（p ，q ）的点有且仅有4个．上述命题中，正确命题的个数是 [答]（ ） （A ）0； （B ）1； （C ）2； （D ）3．三．解答题（本大题满分86分）本大题共有6题，解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤．17．（本题满分12分） 求函数y ＝2)4cos()4cos(ππ-+x x ＋x 2sin 3的值域和最小正周期．[解]18．（本题满分12分）如图，当甲船位于A 处时获悉，在其正东方向相距20海里的B 处有一艘渔船遇险等待营救．甲船立即前往救援，同时把消息告知在甲船的南偏西30 ，相距10海里C处的乙船，试问乙船应朝北偏东多少度的方向沿直线前往B处救援（角度精确到1 ）？[解]北A B2010•C9．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）在四棱锥P －ABCD 中，底面是边长为2的菱形，∠DAB ＝60 ，对角线AC 与BD 相交于点O ，PO ⊥平面ABCD ，PB 与平面ABCD 所成的角为60 ． （1）求四棱锥P －ABCD 的体积；（2）若E 是PB 的中点，求异面直线DE 与PA 所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）． [解]（1）（2）P ABCD OE20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）在平面直角坐标系x O y中，直线l与抛物线2y＝2x相交于A、B两点．（1）求证：“如果直线l过点T（3，0），那么→--OA→--⋅OB＝3”是真命题；（2）写出（1）中命题的逆命题，判断它是真命题还是假命题，并说明理由．[解]（1）（2）21．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分）已知有穷数列{n a }共有2k 项（整数k ≥2），首项1a ＝2．设该数列的前n 项和为n S ，且1+n a ＝n S a )1(-＋2（n ＝1，2，┅，2k －1），其中常数a ＞1． （1）求证：数列{n a }是等比数列； （2）若a ＝2122-k ，数列{n b }满足n b ＝)(log 1212n a a a n⋅⋅⋅（n ＝1，2，┅，2k ），求数列{n b }的通项公式；（3）若（2）中的数列{n b }满足不等式|1b －23|＋|2b －23|＋┅＋|12-k b －23|＋|k b 2－23|≤4，求k 的值． [解]（1）（2）（3）22．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分3分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分9分）已知函数y ＝x ＋x a有如下性质：如果常数a ＞0，那么该函数在(0，a ]上是减函数，在[a ，＋∞)上是增函数．（1）如果函数y ＝x ＋xb2（x ＞0）的值域为[6，＋∞)，求b 的值；（2）研究函数y ＝2x ＋2x c（常数c ＞0）在定义域内的单调性，并说明理由；（3）对函数y ＝x ＋x a 和y ＝2x ＋2xa（常数a ＞0）作出推广，使它们都是你所推广的函数的特例．研究推广后的函数的单调性（只须写出结论，不必证明），并求函数)(x F ＝n x x )1(2+＋n x x )1(2+（n 是正整数）在区间[21，2]上的最大值和最小值（可利用你的研究结论）． [解]（1）（2）（3）上海数学(理工农医类)参考答案 一、(第1题至笫12题)1. 12. 223. 214. 615. －1+i6. 5627.141622=+y x8. 5 9.35110. 36 11. k=0,－1<b<1 12. a≤10 二、(第13题至笫16题)13. C 14. A 15. A 16. D 三、(第17题至笫22题) 17.解：y=cos(x+4π) cos(x －4π)+3sin2x =cos2x+3sin2x=2sin(2x+6π) ∴函数y=cos(x+4π) cos(x －4π)+3sin2x 的值域是[－2,2],最小正周期是π.18.解：连接BC,由余弦定理得BC 2=202+102－2×20×10COS120°=700. 于是,BC=107. ∵710120sin 20sin ︒=ACB , ∴sin∠ACB=73,∵∠ACB<90° ∴∠ACB=41°∴乙船应朝北偏东71°方向沿直线前往B 处救援. 19.解：(1) 在四棱锥P-ABCD 中,由PO⊥平面ABCD,得∠PBO 是PB 与平面ABCD 所成的角, ∠PBO=60°. 在Rt△AOB 中BO=ABsin30°=1, 由PO⊥BO, 于是,PO=BOtg60°=3,而底面菱形的面积为23.∴四棱锥P-ABCD 的体积V=31×23×3=2.(2)解法一：以O 为坐标原点,射线OB 、OC 、OP 分别为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴的正半轴建立空间直角坐标系.在Rt△AO B 中OA=3,于是,点A 、B 、D 、P 的坐标分别是A(0,－3,0), B(1,0,0),D(－1,0,0)P(0,0, 3). E 是PB 的中点,则E(21,0,23) 于是=(23,0, 23),=(0,3,3).设的夹角为θ,有cosθ=4233434923=+⋅+,θ=arccos 42,∴异面直线DE 与PA 所成角的大小是arccos 42. 解法二：取AB 的中点F,连接EF 、DF.由E 是PB 的中点,得EF∥P A, ∴∠FED 是异面直线DE 与PA 所成角(或它的补角).在Rt△AOB中AO=ABcos30°=3=OP,于是, 在等腰Rt△POA 中,PA=6,则EF=26.在正△ABD 和正△PBD 中,DE=DF=3.cos∠FED=34621=DE EF=42∴异面直线DE 与PA 所成角的大小是arccos42. 20.证明：（1）设过点T(3,0)的直线l 交抛物线y 2=2x 于点A(x 1,y 1)、B(x 12,y 2). 当直线l 的钭率下存在时,直线l 的方程为x=3,此时,直线l 与抛物线相交于点A(3,6)、B(3,－6).∴⋅=3当直线l 的钭率存在时,设直线l 的方程为y=k(x －3),其中k≠0.当y 2=2x得ky 2－2y －6k=0,则y 1y 2=－6. y=k(x －3)又∵x 1=21y 21, x 2=21y 22, ∴⋅=x 1x 2+y 1y 2=21221)(41y y y y +=3.综上所述, 命题“如果直线l 过点T(3,0),那么OB OA ⋅=3”是真命题. (2)逆命题是：设直线l 交抛物线y 2=2x 于A 、B 两点,如果⋅=3,那么该直线过点T(3,0).该命题是假命题. 例如：取抛物线上的点A(2,2),B(21,1),此时⋅=3, 直线AB 的方程为Y=32(X+1),而T(3,0)不在直线AB 上.说明：由抛物线y 2=2x 上的点A(x 1,y 1)、B(x 12,y 2)满足OB OA ⋅=3,可得y 1y 2=－6.或y 1y 2=2,如果y 1y 2=－6.,可证得直线AB 过点(3,0)；如果y 1y 2=2, 可证得直线AB 过点(－1,0),而不过点(3,0). 21.证明(1)当n=1时,a 2=2a,则12a a =a ； 2≤n≤2k－1时, a n+1=(a －1) S n +2, a n =(a －1) S n －1+2, a n+1－a n =(a －1) a n , ∴nn a a 1+=a, ∴数列{a n }是等比数列. 解(2)由(1)得a n =2a1-n , ∴a 1a 2…a n =22a )1(21-+++n =22a2)1(-n n =a12)1(--+k n n n ,b n =1121]12)1([1+--=--+k n k n n n n (n=1,2,…,2k).（3）设b n ≤23,解得n≤k+21,又n 是正整数,于是当n≤k 时, b n <23； 当n≥k+1时, b n >23. 原式=(23－b 1)+(23－b 2)+…+(23－b k )+(b k+1－23)+…+(b 2k －23) =(b k+1+…+b 2k )－(b 1+…+b k )=]12)10(21[]12)12(21[k k kk k k k k k +--+-+--+=122-k k . 当122-k k ≤4,得k 2－8k+4≤0, 4－23≤k≤4+23,又k≥2,∴当k=2,3,4,5,6,7时,原不等式成立.22.解(1) 函数y=x+xb2(x>0)的最小值是2b 2,则2b 2=6, ∴b=log 29.(2)设0<x 1<x 2,y 2－y 1=)1)((2221212221212222x x c x x x c x x c x ⋅--=--+.当4c <x 1<x 2时, y 2>y 1, 函数y=22xcx +在[4c ,+∞)上是增函数； 当0<x 1<x 2<4c 时y 2<y 1, 函数y=22xc x +在(0,4c ]上是减函数. 又y=22xcx +是偶函数,于是,该函数在(－∞,－4c ]上是减函数, 在[－4c ,0)上是增函数.(3)可以把函数推广为y=n n xax +(常数a>0),其中n 是正整数. 当n 是奇数时,函数y=n n xax +在(0,n a 2]上是减函数,在[n a 2,+∞) 上是增函数,在(－∞,－n a 2]上是增函数, 在[－n a 2,0)上是减函数. 当n 是偶数时,函数y=n n xax +在(0,n a 2]上是减函数,在[n a 2,+∞) 上是增函数,在(－∞,－n a 2]上是减函数, 在[－n a 2,0)上是增函数.F(x)= n x x )1(2++n x x)1(2+=)1()1()1()1(323232321220n nn n r n r n r n n n n n n n xx C x x C x x C x x C ++++++++---- 因此F(x) 在 [21,1]上是减函数,在[1,2]上是增函数. 所以,当x=21或x=2时, F(x)取得最大值(29)n +(49)n ； 当x=1时F(x)取得最小值2n+1.。
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试 试题 1
2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试综合能力测试试卷9．以下是苏州留园和凡尔赛宫花园的照片以及描述这两座园林特点的词组。
下列选项中符合苏州留园特点的是( )。
①师法自然②规整有序③园景开阔④步移景换⑤讲究对称⑥亭台楼阁⑦雕塑园林⑧盆景花园A．①④⑥⑧ B．①②④⑤ C．③⑥⑦⑧ D．②③⑤⑦11．四姑娘山位于四川省，最高峰海拔6250米，终年冰雪覆盖，山谷地带生长着核桃、苹果、梨等果树，海拔2500米以上地段有原始森林分布，海拔3700米以上还有高山草甸分布。
据此，四姑娘山垂直地带性植被从山谷往上包括( )。
①高山草甸②常绿阔叶林⑨高山冰原④针阔混交林⑤落叶阔叶林A．②④①③ B．②⑤①③c．⑤④①③ D．②①④③12．上海世博会将于2010年5月到lO月在黄浦江畔举行。
上海夏季气候炎热，为了凸现“城市让生活更美好”的主题，改善游客在世博园区露天场地活动时的环境，可采取的措施是( )。
①建筑、树木保留间隔通风道②适当增加水面面积和瀑布③地面尽可能铺设低吸热材料④采用新材料建造场馆⑤采用大功率设备降温A．②③④B．①②③ C．③④⑤ D．①②⑤13．读右图，结合国情推断，当时我国人口迁移的方向和年龄构成是( )。
①城市迁往农村②农村迁往城市③人口稠密地区迁往人口稀疏地区④人口稀疏地区迁往人口稠密地区⑤主要迁出人口是中青年⑥主要迁出人口是老年人A．②③⑥B．①③⑤c．①④⑤ D．②④⑥14．我国科技人员在横断山脉某瞻地区进行了山地水土流失研究，得到下表数据。
根据表格数据可知，降雨量与径流量关系为( )。
A．相同的降雨量，人工林地的径流量是非林地的20％B．当降雨量增加约86％的时候，人工林地径流量增加3倍C．径流量与降雨量具有线性函数关系D．径流量与降雨量的大小具有相关性l 5．根据上题表格数据可知，降雨量与土壤侵蚀量关系是( )。
A．相同降雨量，人工林地的土壤侵蚀量大于非林地的B．相同降雨量，非林地的土壤侵蚀量大于人工林地的C．降雨量增加l倍，土壤侵蚀量相应增加l倍D．降雨量增加l倍，土壤侵蚀量相应增加l倍以上一、 (本题共9分)从2005年12月1日起，本市上调一部分行业的用水价格(如表)。
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2006年上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试数 学 试 卷考生注意：1.答卷前，考生务必将姓名、高考座位号、校验码等填写清楚.2.本试卷共有22道试题，满分150分.考试时间120分钟.一、填空题（本大题满分48分）本大题共有12题，只要求直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分. 1、计算：32lim 43n n n →∞-=+34.2、方程()3log 211x -=的解x =2.3、函数()35f x x =+，[]0,1x ∈的反函数()1f x -=()[]15,5,83x x -∈. 4、不等式1201x x ->+的解集为11,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.5、已知圆()222:5C x y r ++=()0r >和直线:350l x y ++=，若圆C 与直线l 没有公共点，则r 的取值范围为(.6、已知函数()f x 是定义在(),-∞+∞上的偶函数，当(),0x ∈-∞时，()4f x x x =-，则当()0,x ∈+∞时，()f x =4x x --.7、电视台连续播放6个广告，其中含有4个不同的商业广告和2个不同的公益广告，要求首位必须播放公益广告，则共有48种不同的播放方式.（结果用数值表示）8、正四棱锥底面边长为4，侧棱长为3，则其体积为163.9、在ABC ∆中，已知8,5BC AC ==，三角形面积为12，则cos2C =725.10、若向量,a b 的夹角为150︒，3,4a b ==，则2a b +=2.11、已知直线l 过点()2,1P ，且与x 轴、y 轴的正半轴分别交于,A B 两点，O 为坐标原点，则三角形OAB 面积的最小值为4.12、同学们都知道，在一次考试后，如果按顺序去掉一些高分，那么班级的平均分将降低；反之，如果按顺序去掉一些低分，那么班级的平均分将提高。
这两个事实可以用数学语言描述为：若有限数列12,,...,n a a a 满足123...n a a a a ≤≤≤，则()12121212............1m n m m n na a a a a a a a a a a a m n m n n m n++++++++++++++≤≥≤<-和.（结论用数学式子表示）二、选择题（本大题满分16分）本大题共有4题，每题都给出代号为A 、B 、C 、D 的四个结论，其中有且仅有一个结论是正确的，必须把正确结论的代号写在题后的圆括号内，选对得4分，不选、选错或者选出的代号超过一个（无论是否都写在圆括号内）一律得零分。
13、抛物线24y x =的焦点坐标为——————————————————————————————————（B ）()A ()0,1()B ()1,0()C ()0,2()D ()2,014、若,,a b c R ∈，ab >，则下列不等式成立的是——————————————————————————（C ）()A 11a b < ()B 22a b > ()C 2211a b c c >++ ()D a c b c ⋅>⋅15、若k R ∈，则“3k >”是“方程22133x y k k -=-+表示双曲线”的————————————————（A ）()A 充分非必要条件 ()B 必要非充分条件 ()C 充要条件()D 既不充分也不必要条件16、若集合13,11A y y x x ⎧⎫⎪⎪==-≤≤⎨⎬⎪⎪⎩⎭，12,01B y y x x ⎧⎫==-<≤⎨⎬⎩⎭，则A B ⋂等于——————（B ）()A (],1-∞ ()B []1,1- ()C ∅ ()D {}1三、解答题（本大题满分86分）本大题共有6题，解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤. 17、在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，已知4DA DC ==，13DD =，求异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小.（结果用反三角函数值表示）参考解答：解法一：连接1A D ，因为1A D ∥1B C ，所以1BA D ∠为异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角，连接BD ，在△1A DB 中，115A B A D ==，BD =，则222111112525329cos 225525A B A D BD BA D A B A D +-+-∠===⋅⋅⋅⋅， 所以异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小为9arccos 25.解法二：以D 为坐标原点，分别以1,,DA DC DD 所在直线为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系. 则()()()()114,0,3,4,4,0,4,4,3,0,4,0A B B C ，得()()110,4,3,4,0,3A B B C =-=--.设1A B 与1B C 的夹角为θ，则11119cos 25A B B C A B B Cθ⋅==⋅，所以1A B 与1B C 的夹角为9arccos 25即异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小为9arccos25.18、已知复数w 满足()432w w i -=-（i 为虚数单位），52z w w=+-，求一个以z 为根的实系数一元二次方程.参考解答：解法一：因为()1243wi i +=+，所以43212i w i i +==-+，所以532z i i i=+-=+-.若实系数一元二次方程有虚根3z i =+，则有共轭虚根3z i =-.因为6,10z z z z +=⋅=，所求的一元二次方程可以是26100x x -+=.解法二： 设(),w a bi a b R =+∈，4322a bi i ai b +-=-+，得4232a b b a -=⎧⎨=-⎩，即21a b =⎧⎨=-⎩，所以2w i =-，以下解法同解法一.19、已知函数()2sin 2cos 6f x x x π⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭，,2x ππ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，⑴若4sin 5x =，求函数()f x 的值； ⑵求函数()f x 的值域.参考解答：⑴因为4sin ,,52x x ππ⎡⎤=∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以3cos 5x =- ，()12cos 2cos 2f x x xx ⎫=+-=⎪⎪⎝⎭. ⑵()cos 2sin 6f x x x x π⎛⎫=-=- ⎪⎝⎭，因为2x ππ≤≤，所以5366x πππ≤-≤，1sin 126x π⎛⎫≤-≤ ⎪⎝⎭，函数()f x 的值域为()1,2.20、学校科技小组在计算机上模拟航天器变轨返回试验，设计方案如图：航天器运行（按顺时针方向）的轨迹方程为22110025x y +=，变轨（即航天器运行轨迹由椭圆变为抛物线） 后返回的轨迹是以y 轴为对称轴，640,7M ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭为顶点的抛物线的实线部分，降落点为()8,0D ，观测点()4,0A 、()6,0B同时跟踪航天器.⑴求航天器变轨后的运行轨迹所在的曲线方程； ⑵试问：当航天器在x 轴上方时，观测点,A B 测得离航天器的距离分别为多少时，应向航天器发出变轨指令？参考解答：⑴设曲线方程2647y ax =+，由题意知646407a ⋅+=，所以17a =-，因此方程为216477y x =-+. ⑵设变轨点为(),E x y ，根据题意可知()()2221110025164277x y y x ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩，得247360y y --=，则4y =或94y =-（不合题意，舍去）.所以4y =，6x =或6x =-（不合题意，舍去）.所以E 点的坐标为()6,4，AE =，4BE =.答：当观察点,A B 测得,AE BE距离分别为4时，应向航天器发出变轨命令.21、设函数()245f x x x =--，⑴在区间[]2,6-上画出函数()f x 的图像；⑵设(){}5A x f x =≥，(][][),20,46,B =-∞-⋃⋃+∞，试判断集合A 和B 之间的关系，并给出证明；⑶当2k >时，求证：在区间[]1,5-上，()3y k x =+的图像位于函数()f x 图像的上方.参考解答：⑴作图如左图所示. ⑵方程()5f x =的解分别是24,2+()f x 在(],1-∞-和[]2,5上单调递减，在[]1,2-和[)5,+∞上单调递增，因此([]),20,42A ⎡=-∞⋃⋃++∞⎣，由于26,22+<>-，所以B 真包含于A⑶解法一：当[]1,5x ∈-时，()245f x x x =-++.()()()2345g x k x x x =+--++()()2224203643524k k k x k x k x --+⎛⎫=+-+-=--⎪⎝⎭， 因为2k >，所以412k-<. 又15x -≤≤，①当4112k --≤<，即26k <≤时，取42k x -=，()()22min 20361106444k k g x k -+⎡⎤=-=---⎣⎦.因为()2161064k ≤-<，所以()210640k --<，则()min 0g x >.②当412k-<-，即6k >时，取1x =-，()min 20g x k =>.由①、②可知，当2k >时，()0g x >，[]1,5x ∈-.因此，在区间[]1,5-上，()3y k x =+的图像位于函数()f x 图像的上方.解法二：当[]1,5x ∈-时，()245f x x x =-++.由()2345y k x y x x ⎧=+⎪⎨=-++⎪⎩得()()24350x k x k +-+-=， 令()()244350k k ∆=---=，解得2k =或18k =，在区间[]1,5- 上，当2k =时，()23y x =+的图像与函数()f x 的图像只交于一点()1,8；当18k =时，()183y x =+的图像与函数()f x 的图像没有交点. 如图可知，由于直线()3y k x =+过点()3,0-，当2k >时，直线()3y k x =+是由直线()23y x =+ 绕点()3,0-逆时针方向旋转得到.因此，在区间[]1,5-上，()3y k x =+的图像位于函数()f x 图像的上方.22、已知数列3021,...,,a a a ，其中1021,...,,a a a 是首项为1，公差为1的等差数列，201110,...,,a a a 是公差为d的等差数列，302120,...,,a a a 是公差为2d 的等差数列()0≠d ，⑴若4020=a ，求d ；⑵试写出30a 关于d 的关系式，并求30a 的取值范围； ⑶续写已知数列，使得403130,...,,a a a 是公差为3d 的等差数列，…… ,依次类推，把已知数列推广为无穷数列，提出同⑵类似的问题（⑵应当作为特例），并进行研究，你能得到什么结论？参考解答：本题第一部分满分4分，1010a =，由40101020=+=d a a ，易得3=d ；第二部分满分8分，由()⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=++=4321101102230d d d a ，可知3015,2a ⎡⎫∈+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭； 可就题目涉及的问题先明确回答： ☆ 所给数列可推广到无穷数列{}n a ，其中1021,...,,a a a 是首项为1，公差为1的等差数列；当1≥n 时，数列)1(1011010,...,,++n n n a a a 是公差为nd 的等差数列。