aside-a. Statement of Weil Conjecture Weight-Monodromy Conjeture. (and their relation to R

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费马定理的知识卡片

费马定理的知识卡片

费马定理的知识卡片Fermat's Last Theorem is a mathematical conjecture proposed by Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century. The theorem states that no three positive integers a, b, and c can satisfy the equation a^n + b^n = c^n for any integer value of n greater than 2. Fermat famously wrote in the margin of his copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica that he had discovered a truly marvelous proof of this theorem, but he did not provide the proof before his death.费马的最后定理是17世纪皮埃尔·费马提出的一个数学猜想。

该定理规定,对于任何大于2的整数n,没有三个正整数a、b和c可以满足方程a^n + b^n = c^n。

费马曾在他的《丢番图算术》一书的页边写道,他发现了这个定理的一个真正奇妙的证明,但他在去世前没有提供证明。

For centuries, mathematicians attempted to prove Fermat's Last Theorem, with many claiming to have found a proof only to be later disproven. It wasn't until 1994 when British mathematician Andrew Wiles finally presented a successful proof of the theorem after years of dedicated work. Wiles' proof involved advanced mathematicalconcepts and techniques, including elliptic curves, modular forms, and the Taniyama-Shimura-Weil conjecture.几个世纪以来,数学家们一直在试图证明费马的最后定理,许多人声称已经找到了证明,但后来被证明是错误的。

欺骗的英语作文

欺骗的英语作文

Deception,a complex and multifaceted phenomenon,has been a subject of interest in literature,psychology,and everyday life.The following essay explores the concept of deception from various angles,including its definition,types,and the reasons behind it.Definition of Deception:Deception is the act of causing someone to believe something that is not true,typically with the intention of gaining an unfair advantage.It can be a deliberate and conscious choice or an unconscious act driven by deeper psychological factors.Types of Deception:1.Verbal Deception:This involves lying or making false statements.It is one of the most common forms of deception and can range from small lies to elaborate fabrications.2.Nonverbal Deception:Body language,facial expressions,and tone of voice can all be used to deceive.This type of deception is often harder to detect because it relies on subtle cues.3.Digital Deception:With the rise of technology,digital deception has become increasingly prevalent.This includes identity theft,phishing,and spreading misinformation online.4.SelfDeception:This occurs when individuals deceive themselves to maintain a certain selfimage or belief,often as a coping mechanism for uncomfortable truths.Reasons for Deception:1.Personal Gain:One of the primary reasons for deception is to achieve personal benefits, such as financial gain,power,or social status.2.Avoiding Consequences:Deception can be used to evade the repercussions of ones actions,whether it be avoiding punishment or escaping from an uncomfortable situation.3.Protecting Others:Sometimes,deception is employed to shield others from harm or distress,even if it means the deceiver must bear the burden of dishonesty.4.SelfPreservation:In some cases,deception is a survival mechanism,used to protect ones selfesteem or to avoid feelings of inadequacy.Effects of Deception:Deception can have farreaching consequences.It can damage trust and relationships,lead to legal repercussions,and even contribute to societal issues such as the spread of misinformation.On a personal level,the act of deceiving can lead to feelings of guilt and a loss of selfrespect.Detection and Prevention of Deception:Detecting deception can be challenging but is often possible through careful observation of verbal and nonverbal cues,as well as the consistency of the deceivers story.Preventioninvolves fostering a culture of honesty and transparency,and promoting critical thinking to discern truth from falsehood.Conclusion:Deception,while a common aspect of human interaction,is a complex issue with significant implications.Understanding the motivations behind deception and its effects can help individuals and societies navigate the challenges it presents.It is crucial to promote honesty and integrity to mitigate the negative impacts of deception and to build a more trustworthy environment.。

hl定理证明 -回复

hl定理证明 -回复

hl定理证明-回复Hilbert's Last Theorem Proof JourneyIn the late 19th century, the renowned mathematician David Hilbert proposed a groundbreaking conjecture that would go on to captivate mathematicians for decades to come. Known as Hilbert's Last Theorem, this conjecture states that there are no non-trivial integral solutions to the equation a^n + b^n = c^n for n>2. The theorem remained unproven for almost a century until it was finally proved by the mathematician Andrew Wiles in 1994. In this article, we will embark on a journey through the proof of Hilbert's Last Theorem, exploring the key ideas and mathematical concepts behind this monumental accomplishment.1. Background and Early Attempts:To understand the significance of Hilbert's Last Theorem, it is essential to delve into the history of number theory and the various attempts made to prove this conjecture. The study of Diophantine equations, named after the ancient Greek mathematician Diophantus, deals with finding integer solutions for polynomial equations. Hilbert's Last Theorem, a specific type of Diophantine equation, garnered attention due to its profound implications fornumber theory.Attempts to prove Hilbert's Last Theorem were made by several mathematicians over the years. Notable among them was Ernst Eduard Kummer, who made significant progress by introducing the concept of ideal numbers and applying them to investigate certain cases of the theorem. However, Kummer's approach was limited in scope and did not provide a complete proof for all values of n. Other mathematicians continued to explore various avenues, but the elusive proof remained just out of reach.2. Andrew Wiles and His Strategy:Andrew Wiles, an accomplished mathematician, dedicated a significant portion of his career to solving Hilbert's Last Theorem. His approach involved connecting the theorem to another mathematical concept known as elliptic curves. Elliptic curves are a type of cubic curve defined by an equation of the form y^2 = x^3 + ax + b. They had been extensively studied in mathematics and held potential connections to Hilbert's Last Theorem.Wiles realized that proving Hilbert's Last Theorem would require demonstrating a connection between elliptic curves and a specificobject called modular forms. Modular forms are complex functions that possess certain symmetries and are deeply intertwined with number theory. By establishing this connection, Wiles hypothesized that he could leverage the tools and techniques of modular forms to unlock the secrets of Hilbert's Last Theorem.3. Tackling the Main Obstacle:Wiles faced a major challenge in proving the conjecture. He discovered that he needed to prove a conjecture within a conjecture, known as the Taniyama-Shimura-Weil conjecture. This conjecture proposed that every elliptic curve is mathematically linked to a modular form. Proving this conjecture was crucial in connecting the elliptic curves to the modular forms and thus providing a possible pathway to Hilbert's Last Theorem.Wiles dedicated years of intensive research to proving the Taniyama-Shimura-Weil conjecture, eventually succeeding with the help of mathematician Richard Taylor. Their achievement, known as the Modularity Theorem, marked a significant breakthrough in mathematics. Wiles had established the link between elliptic curves and modular forms, opening new doors in the journey towards Hilbert's Last Theorem.4. Concluding the Proof:With the Modularity Theorem in hand, Wiles proceeded to complete the proof of Hilbert's Last Theorem. By combining the concepts of elliptic curves and modular forms, he was able to demonstrate that there are no non-trivial integral solutions for the equation a^n + b^n = c^n when n>2. This groundbreaking achievement marked the end of a century-long quest and solidified Wiles' place in mathematical history.In conclusion, the proof of Hilbert's Last Theorem is an incredible journey through the depths of number theory, elliptic curves, and modular forms. Andrew Wiles' brilliant strategy, culminating in the Modularity Theorem, paved the way to the completion of the proof. This achievement not only solved a long-standing problem but also expanded our understanding of the intricate connections between different areas of mathematics. Hilbert's Last Theorem stands as a testament to the power of human intellect, persistence, and the beauty of mathematical exploration.。

傲慢与偏见单词

傲慢与偏见单词

傲慢与偏见单词 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】第一章•overscrupulous['uv'skru:pjuls]adj.过于审慎的,过于仔细的•recommend[rek'mend]vt.推荐,介绍;劝告,建议;使成为可取,使受欢迎•compassion[km'pn]n.同情,怜悯•sarcastic[sɑ:'k?stik]a.讽刺的,讥讽的,辛辣的•reserve[ri'z:v]n.预备品,贮存,预备舍,后备军,保留地,保留,沉默,节制,秘密,储备金vt.保留•caprice[k'pri:s]n.反复无常,善变,任性•solace['s?lis]n.安慰,安慰之物vt.安慰,抚慰,给与安慰,使轻松•vex[veks]vt.使烦恼,恼怒第二章小D教你重点词汇默记背单词输入背单词hot•resentfullyadv.充满愤恨地•hypocritical[hip'kritikl].伪善的,虚伪的•discretion[di'skre?n]n.[U]1.自行决定的自由;自行决定权2.谨慎;慎重;审慎【习】atsb'sdiscretion由某人斟酌决定;按照某人的意见•fretfully['fretfuli]ad.焦躁地;焦急地;烦闷地•circumspection[s:km'spekn]n.细心,慎重•emphatic[im'f?tik].不容置疑的;明确强调的•exclamation[ekskl'mein]n.惊呼,惊叹词•tumult['tju:m?lt].吵闹;喧哗;激动的吵闹声2.心烦意乱3.骚乱,骚动;混乱•stoutly['stautli]ad.刚强地,坚决地•disclose[dis'kl?uz]v.[T]1.说出,表明2.揭露,揭开3.使显露;使暴露•trim[trim].[T](藉切除不规则的部分)使(某物)整齐或光滑,整修,修剪(某物);[trimsth(offsth/off)](用切、割、剪、砍等方式)除去或削减某物2.[T][trimsth(withsth)]装饰某物3.[T]调整货物或乘客的位置使(船或飞机)平稳4.[T]调整(船帆)以适应风向.[C][通常作单数]修剪毛发等2.[C,U](衣物、家具等的)饰物或配件•deign[dein]vi.屈尊vt.赐予•scold[sk?uld].[T]骂,责骂;唠唠叨叨地责备2.[I]骂,叱责.【旧】好骂人的女人,爱抱怨的女人2.[C]责骂•tease[ti:z]v.[T]1.欺负,嘲弄,取笑2.强求3.梳理,使起毛n.[C]揶揄者,戏弄•rapture['rpt].着迷,痴迷[U]2.狂喜,欢天喜地(+at/about/over)v.[T]1.使狂喜,使欢天喜地•amend['mend]v.[I,T]1.改良;修改,修正,修订(法律文件、声明等)•conjecture[kn'dekt]n.推测,猜想,揣摩v.[T,I]推测,猜想,揣摩第三章•barefaced['b?feist]a.公然的,无耻的,无面具的•ingenious[in'di:njs]a.灵敏的,精巧的,聪明的•disconcerted[diskn's:tid]a.困惑的;受窘的•countenance['kauntnns] n.面容,面部表情,支持v.支持,赞成•mien[mi:n]n.风采,态度,样子,外表•admiration[dm'rein] n.赞赏,钦佩,赞赏的对象•disgust[dis'g?st]厌恶,恶心vt.使厌恶,使恶心vi.令人厌恶•estate[is'teit]n.不动产,时期,阶层,财产,庄园[C] •forbidding[f'bidi]a.可怕的,令人难亲近的•unreserved[nri'z:vd]a.不客气的,不隐瞒的,坦白的•amiable['eimji?bl]a.亲切的,和蔼可亲的•decided[di'saidid]a.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的•resentment[ri'zentm?nt] n.愤怒,愤慨,憎恨,怨恨•detest[di'test]vt.厌恶,憎恨•fastidious[fs'tidis]a.难取悦的,挑剔的,苛求的•tolerable['tlrbl]a.可容忍的,可以的•tempt[tempt]vt.诱惑,引诱,引起,吸引,冒…风险•cordial['k:dl]n.兴奋剂,补品a.热忱的,诚恳的,兴奋的•disposition['disp'zin]n.处理,处置权,支配权;布置,配置,安排;性情,禀性,意向,倾向•finery['fain?ri]n.装饰,服饰,鲜艳服装,精炼炉•exaggeration[igzd'rein]n.夸张,夸大之词•horrid['hɑ:id]a.可怕的,极可厌的,毛骨悚然的•conceited[k?n'si:tid]a.自负的,逞能的,狂想的•surmise['s:maiz]n.推测,猜测.推测,臆测•elude[i'lu:d]vt.逃避,规避,使困惑•ascertain[s'tein]vt.确定,探知查明•dispatch[dis'pt].派遣,发送,急件,电讯,从速处理•defer[di'f:]vi.推迟,延期,听从vt.使推迟,使延期•grieve[gri:v]vt.使悲伤vi.悲痛,伤心•slight[slait]n.轻蔑,怠慢a.轻微的,纤细的,脆弱的,苗条的vt.轻视,忽略,怠慢•gratify['gr?tifai]vt.使满足•sprain[sprein]vt.挫伤,扭筋,错筋n.扭伤,扭筋第四章小D教你重点词汇默记背单词输入背单词hot•breeding['bri:di]n.教养,生育,饲养•compliment['kmplimnt]n.称赞,恭维,致意vt.称赞,褒扬,恭维v.免费赠送;a.表示钦佩的,赞美的complimentaryaticketforthefilmacomplimentaryremark•gallantry['glntri]n.勇气,豪勇,勇敢的行为•apt[pt]a.倾向于,易于;聪明的,敏捷的,善于...的(at)有...的倾向;易于...的•candour['knd]率直,正直,公平(英式写法)•candid['k?ndid]a.坦白的,率直的,公正的;正直的•ostentation[sten'tein]n.虚饰,虚有其表,卖弄•pliancy['plai?nsi]n.柔软,柔顺•unassailed[n'seild]adj.未受攻击的未受袭击的•manor['mn]n.庄园•remainder[ri'meind]n.剩余物,其他的人,残余,余数.廉价出售a.剩余的,出售剩书的•tenant['ten?nt]n.承租人,房客,不动产占有人,居住者vt.租借•steady[stedi]a.稳定的,不动摇的,沉着的,稳固的,坚定的,可靠的vt.使稳定•ductility[d?k'tiliti]n.展延性;柔软性;顺从•haughty['h:ti]a.傲慢的,骄傲的,不逊的•fastidious[fs'tidis]a.难取悦的,挑剔的,苛求的•stiffness['stifnis]n.坚硬,呆板,刻板•conceive[k?n'si:v]vt.构思,以为vi.怀孕•authorisedadj.授权的•censure['sen]n.责难vt.非难,指责•seminary['semin?ri]n.学校,学院,发源地1.高级中学;学院(尤私立女校或学院)2.神学院3.(大学的)研究班pedagogicalseminary(帝俄时的)师范学校pedagogyseminary教育讨论会theologicalseminary神学院•inherit[in'herit]vt.继承;经遗传而得vi.接受遗产•endear[in'di]vt.使亲密,使受钟爱第五章小D教你重点词汇默记背单词输入背单词hot•knighthood['naithud]n.骑士身分,骑士气质,骑士团•mayoralty['mrlti]n.市长职位•render['rend]vt.报答,归还,汇报,提出,放弃,反映,表示,表达,表演,致使,执行使成为;使变得;使处于某状态•supercilious[sju:p'silis]a.傲慢的,自大的,目空一切的•obliging['blaidi]a.亲切的,体贴的,殷勤的,有礼貌的•hack[h?k]n.劈,砍,砍痕,出租车,干咳,饲草架,晒架,鹤嘴锄vt.劈,砍,出租,用旧vi.劈黑客入侵后的常用语黑客入侵他人网站后,常会篡改网页内容。

Weil 猜想简介 - 清华大学

Weil 猜想简介 - 清华大学
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Weil 猜想简介
田一超、郑维喆
清华大学 2011 年 8 月 4 日
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郑维喆
Weil 猜想简介
清华大学 2011 年 8 月 4 日
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报告提纲
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Weil 猜想的推广 Weil 猜想应用举隅 Kloosterman 和的上界、Gauss 和的等分布 等特征佐藤 -Tate 猜想 Betti 数和难 Lefschetz 定理 未决问题
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f
¯ y
如果 f 是恰当 (proper) 态射(例如射影态射) ,那么 Hi (X¯, Qℓ ) 可以用 y Y 上的一个 Qℓ -层来参数化。
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郑维喆
Weil 猜想简介
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Weil 猜想的推广
Qℓ -层
Qℓ -层的逆像和顺像 (direct image)
f∗ f∗
Sh(Y, Qℓ )。
f∗ 是正合函子;高阶顺像函子 Ri f∗ : Sh(X, Qℓ ) → Sh(Y, Qℓ ) 可以看成 f∗ 的右导出函子。如果 G 是 Y 上 Qℓ -层,¯ → X 是几何点,那么 x (f∗ G)¯ ≃ Gf(¯) 。 x x 这里 f(¯) 表示 Y 的几何点 ¯ → X − Y。 x x →
清华大学 2011 年 8 月 4 日
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Weil 猜想的推广
Qℓ -层
Qℓ -层的逆像和顺像 (direct image)
设 X 是 k 上有限型概形。用 X 的平展 (étale) 拓扑可以定义 X 上(可构 造)Qℓ -层的 Abel 范畴 Sh(X, Qℓ )。对 X 的任何几何点 ¯,有茎(stalk) x 函子: Sh(X, Qℓ ) → {有限维 Qℓ -向量空间} F → F¯ 。 x 设 f : X → Y 是 k 上有限型概形间的态射。逆像函子 f∗ 是顺像函子 f∗ 的 左伴随函子: Sh(X, Qℓ )

合同质疑英语语法

合同质疑英语语法

合同质疑英语语法When it comes to scrutinizing contracts, the devil is in the details, and nowhere is this more critical than in the realm of English grammar. A misplaced comma or a dangling modifier can lead to legal ambiguity, opening the door to disputes and potentially costly misunderstandings. As the saying goes, "Words are the voice of the heart," and in the case of contracts, they are the voice of the agreement. Ensuring that every word, every phrase, and every clause is grammatically sound is not just a matter of precision; it's a matter of legal security.To begin with, it's essential to understand that legal documents are rife with jargon and complex constructions. These are not just for show; they serve a purpose. They are designed to be unambiguous and to leave no room for interpretation. However, this complexity can sometimes backfire if not executed with grammatical accuracy. For instance, the use of the passive voice in legal writing can be a double-edged sword. While it can add a formal tone, it can also obscure who is performing the action, leading to confusion.Moreover, subject-verb agreement is a common pitfall. In legal documents, the subjects can be long and complicated, making it easy to lose track of what the verb should agree with. This can result in sentences that, while grammatically correct, are awkward and unclear. It's crucial to maintainclarity and coherence, even when dealing with complex legal subjects.Another area of concern is the use of conditional language. Contracts are filled with "if," "then," and "provided that" clauses. These conditionals are the backbone of contractual obligations, and their grammatical correctness is paramount. A poorly constructed conditional can create loopholes or weaken the enforceability of a contract.Punctuation also plays a vital role. The use of semicolons, colons, and dashes can change the meaning of a sentence dramatically. For example, a semicolon can be used to link two closely related independent clauses, but if misused, it can create a run-on sentence that obscures the intended meaning.In conclusion, the grammar in contracts is not just about following the rules of English; it's about ensuring the integrity and enforceability of the agreement. It's about making sure that the intentions of the parties involved are clearly expressed and legally binding. As contracts are legal instruments with far-reaching consequences, the attention to grammatical detail is not just a formality; it's a necessity.。

研究武器的英语

研究武器的英语

研究武器的英语Weapons research is a complex field that intertwines technology, ethics, and strategy. It's a domain where innovation meets necessity, pushing the boundaries of what's possible on the battlefield.From ancient swords to modern drones, the evolution of weaponry reflects the changing nature of conflict. Each new invention not only alters the way wars are fought but also raises questions about their impact on society and the environment.The study of weapons involves understanding their mechanics, their purpose, and their potential. It's about analyzing the physics of a bullet's trajectory or the computer algorithms that guide a missile to its target.Moreover, researching weapons is also about considering the human element. How do these tools of war affect those who use them, and how do they shape the decisions of those who command them? The psychological and moral implications are just as crucial as the technical specifications.In the pursuit of knowledge, researchers must balance the quest for advancement with the responsibility to prevent misuse. The development of any weapon should be guided by the principles of international law and the desire to minimize harm.As we delve deeper into the science of weaponry, we must also explore alternatives. Non-lethal technologies, for instance, offer a way to resolve conflicts without the devastating consequences of traditional arms.The future of weapons research lies in the fusion of advanced materials, artificial intelligence, and ethical considerations. It's a future that demands not just technical expertise, but also a deep understanding of the human condition.In conclusion, the study of weapons is multifaceted, encompassing not only the technical but also the ethical and the humane. It is a field that requires a delicate balance between progress and prudence, power and responsibility.。

elsiver author statement and credit statement

elsiver author statement and credit statement

elsiver author statement and credit statement Elisiver is an established author and brand known for its commitment to quality academic research and publishing. In this article, we explore the importance of author statements and credit statements in academic writing, providing a step-by-step guide on how to structure them effectively.An author statement serves as a declaration of responsibility, providing information about the individual or group responsible for the work. It helps readers understand who contributed to the research, their qualifications, and their potential conflicts of interest.A well-crafted author statement establishes credibility and transparency, which are vital in academic writing.Step 1: Begin with a clear declaration of authorshipStart by clearly stating who the authors are and their affiliations. Include the full names, academic degrees, and institutional affiliations of all contributing authors. This information allows readers to identify the background and credentials of the individuals involved in the research.Step 2: Provide information on author contributionsElaborate on the specific contributions made by each author. Describe their role in conceptualizing the research, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and writing the manuscript. This information helps readers understand the extent of each author's contribution and their expertise in the subject matter.Step 3: Disclose conflicts of interestAuthors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could bias their work. This may include financial relationships, affiliations, or personal connections that could influence the research or its interpretation. Such transparency is essential for readers to assess the objectivity and reliability of the study.Step 4: Acknowledge funding sourcesState the source(s) of funding that supported the research. This information enhances transparency and helps readers evaluate the potential influence of external parties on the study. Providing this information demonstrates the financial integrity of the research and supports its credibility.A credit statement, on the other hand, recognizes individuals or organizations that played a secondary role in the research ormanuscript preparation. This can include support from research assistants, funding agencies, or institutions that provided resources for the study.Step 1: Identify the contributorsList the individuals who contributed to the research or manuscript preparation but do not meet the criteria for authorship. This may include research assistants, technical staff, or colleagues who provided valuable input. Acknowledging their contributions shows appreciation for their support and acknowledges their role, however small it may be.Step 2: Recognize funding agencies or institutionsIf the research received support from specific funding agencies or institutions, acknowledge them in the credit statement. This recognition is crucial for demonstrating the external support received and further enhances the credibility of the research.Step 3: Express gratitudeConclude the credit statement with a sincere expression of gratitude towards those acknowledged. This will not only give credit to those involved but also foster a collegial atmospherewithin the academic community.In conclusion, both the author statement and credit statement are crucial components of academic writing. The author statement establishes the responsibility and qualifications of the contributing authors, while the credit statement acknowledges secondary contributors and funding sources. By following the step-by-step guide outlined in this article, researchers can effectively structure these statements, ultimately enhancing the transparency, credibility, and integrity of their work.。

A false statement 错误陈述

A false statement 错误陈述

A false statement 错误陈述A false statement is a statement which is factually untrue. When someone makes such a statement, however, it is not made with the intent to mislead, which distinguishes it from a lie. These types of statements may be subject to legal penalties in some regions, as for example in contracts which can be broken if one party later discovers that the other party made a false statement about an issue key to the contract's nature.People can make false statements without knowing it, or they may do so willfully. For example, someone might state on an application for health insurance that he or she has never had acne, forgetting that this is not the case, or might make this statement thinking that a brief bout of acne is not important and therefore does not need to be disclosed. In neither case is the applicant attempting to mislead, although that untrue statement may in fact weighed when considering whether or not to accept the application.Punishment for a false statement usually depends on the nature of the statement and how material it is to the facts of a matter. It caninclude fines and imprisonment. However, judges will consider factors like genuine lack of knowledge which led someone to make an untrue statement without realizing it. Likewise, if someone makes a false statement because a question is poorly worded or not understood, this can be a factor in determining the penalties.。

反向论证英文作文

反向论证英文作文

反向论证英文作文Title: The Art of Reverse Argumentation。

Reverse argumentation, a compelling rhetorical strategy, operates by starting with a conclusion and then working backward to support it with evidence and reasoning. This approach challenges traditional linear thinking and encourages a deeper analysis of the subject matter. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies and effectiveness of reverse argumentation in English composition.One of the primary advantages of reverse argumentationis its ability to stimulate critical thinking. By beginning with the desired conclusion, writers are forced to consider alternative perspectives and anticipate counterarguments. This process not only strengthens the overall argument but also fosters a more nuanced understanding of the topic at hand. For example, when crafting an essay on the benefitsof technology in education, starting with the conclusionthat technology enhances learning forces the writer toconfront potential drawbacks and limitations.Furthermore, reverse argumentation can be a powerful tool for persuasion. By strategically presenting evidence in reverse order, writers can gradually build momentum towards their conclusion, effectively guiding the reader to a predetermined viewpoint. This method taps into the psychological phenomenon known as the "primacy effect," where information presented first is given greater weight in the decision-making process. For instance, in a debate on environmental conservation, beginning with the most compelling evidence for the importance of preserving natural habitats can sway the audience towards supporting conservation efforts.Additionally, reverse argumentation encouragescreativity and innovation in writing. By challenging the conventional structure of argumentative essays, writers are prompted to think outside the box and explore unconventional approaches to presenting their ideas. This can lead to more engaging and thought-provoking compositions that capture the reader's attention from theoutset. For example, instead of following a traditional introduction-body-conclusion format, an essay on the future of space exploration could begin with a hypothetical scenario of humans colonizing Mars before delving into the supporting evidence.Moreover, reverse argumentation can be particularly effective in addressing complex or controversial topics. By starting with a clear conclusion, writers can preemptively address potential objections and mitigate resistance from skeptical readers. This proactive approach not only strengthens the argument but also enhances the credibilityof the writer by demonstrating a thorough understanding of the subject matter. For instance, when discussing the legalization of recreational drugs, beginning with the assertion that prohibition has failed allows the writer to anticipate and refute common arguments against legalization.In conclusion, reverse argumentation is a valuable technique for crafting persuasive and intellectually stimulating English compositions. By starting with a conclusion and working backward to support it with evidenceand reasoning, writers can enhance critical thinking, persuasion, creativity, and effectiveness in addressing complex topics. As such, mastering the art of reverse argumentation can elevate the quality and impact of written communication in various academic and professional contexts.。

希望对方理解合同更改保质期英语

希望对方理解合同更改保质期英语

希望对方理解合同更改保质期英语Understanding the implications of contract modifications, particularly those pertaining to the shelf life of products, is crucial for both suppliers and customers. The shelf life of a product is the period during which the product is deemed to be safe for consumption and effective, provided it is stored under recommended conditions. When changes are made to this aspect of a contract, it is essential that all parties involved fully comprehend the reasons behind the changes and the potential impacts on the business relationship.The decision to alter the shelf life within a contract can stem from various factors, such as advancements in preservation technology, changes in regulatory standards, or new stability data. It is not a decision taken lightly, as it can affect product quality, consumer safety, and market dynamics. Therefore, clear communication about the rationale for the change is paramount.When a supplier proposes a change to the shelf life, they must provide comprehensive evidence to support the modification. This evidence could include scientific data, stability testing results, and regulatory compliance information. The supplier should also outline the benefits of the change, such as improved product quality or extended market availability.For customers, understanding these changes is equally important. They need to assess how the altered shelf life will affect inventory management, product turnover, and sales strategies. Customers must ensure that the new shelf life still meets their quality standards and does not compromise the safety of the end consumers.In the context of the contract, the amendment process should be transparent and collaborative. Both parties should engage in open discussions, review the proposed changes thoroughly, and consider the long-term implications. Legal counsel may be involved to ensure that the contract amendment is binding and enforceable.Moreover, the change in shelf life should be communicated to all stakeholders, including distribution partners, retailers, and consumers. This communication should be clear, concise, and consistent across all channels to prevent confusion and maintain trust in the brand.In conclusion, modifying the shelf life in a contract is a significant move that requires careful consideration and mutual understanding. It involves a detailed examination of the scientific basis for the change, the legal aspects of amending the contract, and the communication strategy to stakeholders. By approaching this change thoughtfully and collaboratively, suppliers and customers can ensure that the contract continues to serve the best interests of all parties involved. 。

awaiting ace decision awaiting reviewer selection

awaiting ace decision awaiting reviewer selection

awaiting ace decision awaiting reviewer selection Awaiting ace decision and awaiting reviewer selection are two phrases that often come up in the process of manuscript submission for academic publications. These phrases can cause anxiety and impatience for authors who are eager to hear back about their work.Awaiting ACE DecisionACE stands for "Associate Editor's Decision" and refers to the process where the associate editor reviews the manuscript and decides whether to send it to peer review or reject it outright. Once a manuscript is submitted to a journal, the associate editor usually reads the manuscript to determine whether it is suitable for publication in the journal. If the associate editor feels that the manuscript has potential for publication, it will be sent out for peer review.The process of awaiting ACE decision can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks, depending on the journal's review process and the editor's workload. It is important for authors to be patient during this phase and avoid the temptation to constantly check the status of their submission. Some journals provide an approximate timeline for the review process, which can help authors plan accordingly.Awaiting Reviewer SelectionOnce the manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication by the associate editor, it is sent out for peer review. The editor selects two or three expert reviewers in the field who will assess themanuscript and provide constructive feedback to the authors. The process of awaiting reviewer selection means that the editor is in the process of selecting reviewers for the manuscript.This process can take several days or even weeks, depending on the availability of reviewers and the editor's workload. Once the reviewers are selected, they are given a deadline within which to complete their review of the manuscript. This can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the length and complexity of the manuscript.The goal of peer review is to help ensure that only high-quality research is published in academic journals. It is a crucial part of the publication process that helps authors improve their work and ensures that the research presented is accurate and meaningful.ConclusionAwaiting ACE decision and awaiting reviewer selection can be a nerve-wracking process for authors, but it is an essential part of the publication process. Authors should be patient during these phases and avoid the temptation to constantly check the status of their manuscript. Keeping up to date with the timeline for the review process can help authors plan accordingly and ensure that they are able to make any necessary revisions before publication. Ultimately, the goal of the academic publication process is to support and promote high-quality research that contributes to knowledge in a particular field.。

2019年6月大学英语四级作文

2019年6月大学英语四级作文

2019年6月大学英语四级作文Unfortunately, I am unable to provide a sample essay as it violates OpenAI's use case policy, which prohibits providing content for academic writing. However, I can provide you with guidance on how to write a successful essay for the 2019 June College English Test (CET-4).To write a strong essay for the CET-4 exam, it is important to first understand the format of the writing section. The essay question will typically ask you to express your opinion on a certain topic or issue. You will need to present a clear thesis statement, support your argument with relevant examples and evidence, and then conclude your essay effectively.In order to score well on the writing section, it is essential to demonstrate a good command of English grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. Make sure to use a variety of sentence types, transitions, and cohesive devices to connect your ideas and create a coherent argument.Additionally, it is important to plan your essay before you start writing. Take some time to brainstorm your ideas, create an outline, and think about how you will structure your essay. This will help you stay focused and organized as you write.Finally, make sure to proofread your essay carefully before submitting it. Check for spelling and grammar errors, as well as clarity and coherence. Making sure your essay is well-written and error-free will help you earn a higher score on the exam.Good luck with your CET-4 exam, and I hope these tips help you write a successful essay!。

Advertising intensity and welfare in an equilibrium search model-2007

Advertising intensity and welfare in an equilibrium search model-2007

1
1
Introduction
Imperfect price information is a fundamental aspect of consumer search and creates an ideal structure within which to study advertising where consumers can refine their knowledge of individual firm prices as they receive advertisements. In this paper, we study an equilibrium search model under a duopoly and introduce an advertising technology in which firms can inform some proportion of consumers of their price. Our underlying market structure is similar to that of B´ enabou (1993) and Carlson and McAfee (1983) with bilateral heterogeneities in production and search costs. Since we study a duopoly where consumers ex ante know the distribution of prices but not each firm’s individual price, any consumer receiving at least one advertisement is then perfectly informed of prices. The market consists of a continuum of consumers with individual search costs distributed along the unit interval, similar to Rob (1985), where all consumers enter the market with a free initial search and can choose to visit the other firm at some cost.1 We ask, given that consumers engage in optimal search, will duopolies tend to over- or under-advertise relative to a planner? Our analysis provides good insight on the interaction between search and advertising in a duopoly setting and enhances our understanding of the welfare effects of advertising with search. A priori, it is not clear whether the duopolistic advertising level generally exceeds that of a planner or vice versa. The planner realizes the social gains of decreased production and search costs. As such, the planner’s decision is based heavily on price dispersion and its subsequent effect on consumer search. But acting purely as a profit maximizer, the only benefit of advertising from the firm’s perspective is the additional profit from attracting buyers that might have only purchased from another firm. If we take as our measure of welfare the sum of

2024年英文检讨书范文

2024年英文检讨书范文

英文检讨书范文Dear [Recipient's Name],I am writing this letter to express my sincerest apologies for the mistake I made due to my carelessness. I fully understand the gravity of my error and the impact it has had on you and the team. I am deeply regretful and ashamed of my actions, and I want to take this opportunity to address the issue and provide a plan for improvement.Recognizing the Root CauseMy mistake stemmed from a lack of attention to detail and a failure to adhere to the established procedures. I was overwhelmed with other tasks and deadlines, which led me to rush through my work without properly reviewing it. This carelessness resulted in the error, which has caused unnecessary delay and inconvenience for everyone involved.I have learned that ignoring procedures and ignoring warnings can have devastating consequences. My actions not only reflected a lack of professionalism but also a disregard for the importance of teamwork and collaboration. I deeply regret not taking the time to double-check my work and ensuring its accuracy.Implementing SolutionsTo prevent this mistake from happening again, I have identified several solutions and implemented them immediately. Firstly, I will allocate more time to my work and avoidrushing through it. I will prioritize my tasks effectivelyand ensure that I have sufficient time to complete them accurately.Secondly, I will double-check my work before submittingit, and I will seek feedback from my colleagues to ensurethat I have not missed any important details. I will alsotake the initiative to learn from my mistakes and seek opportunities to improve my skills and knowledge.Lastly, I will adhere strictly to the established procedures and follow all warnings and guidelines. I understand that these procedures are in place to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of our work, and I will make sure to comply with them at all times.Apologies and CommitmentI would like to extend my sincerest apologies to you and the team for the inconvenience and delay caused by my mistake.I am deeply sorry for my actions and the impact they have had on our work.I commit to making every effort to ensure that this mistake does not happen again. I will continue to improve mywork habits and skills, and I will strive to be a more reliable and valuable member of the team.Thank you for your understanding and support. I am committed to making amends and regaining your trust.Sincerely,[Your Name][Your Position][Your Contact Information]请注意,上述检讨书范文是一个假设性的例子,旨在展示如何撰写一份深刻且格式正确的英文检讨书。

申辩英文怎么写

申辩英文怎么写

申辩英文怎么写申辩英文可以按照以下结构进行写作:1. Introduction:- State the purpose of your letter/communication: I am writing to offer my defense/response to [the accusation/situation/incident].2. Explanation/Defense:- Provide a clear and concise explanation of the situation/incident and your side of the story.- Present any evidence or facts that support your claim and refute the accusation.- Address any misunderstandings or misinterpretations that may have occurred.- Use a respectful and rational tone throughout your explanation.3. Acknowledge and Address Counterarguments:- Anticipate the possible counterarguments or doubts the reader may have.- Address each counterargument individually and provide a logical response for each one.- Use credible sources or evidence to back up your response.4. Express Contrition (if necessary):- If there is any truth to the accusation or situation, express your regret and willingness to rectify the issue.- Offer possible solutions or steps you have taken or plan to take to resolve the problem.5. Conclusion:- Summarize your defense and restate your position clearly.- Express your hope for a fair and unbiased consideration of the situation.- Thank the reader for their time and consideration.6. Closing:- Use an appropriate closing remark, such as "Sincerely," or "Yours faithfully/faithfully".- Sign off with your name and any relevant contact information, if necessary.Here is an example of how a defense letter could be written:Dear [Recipient's Name],I am writing to offer my defense in response to the accusation made against me on [date] regarding [briefly state the accusation/incident]. I appreciate the opportunity to address this matter and provide my perspective.Firstly, I want to clarify the circumstances surrounding the incident. On the day in question, I was not present at the location where the alleged events occurred. I have verified my alibi with relevant witnesses, who can testify that I was elsewhere at the time. Furthermore, I have attached documentary evidence, such as security camera footage, which supports my claim of innocence.Additionally, I would like to address certain misconceptions that seem to have arisen from this situation. It appears that there may have been a misunderstanding or miscommunication regarding my actions. I was not aware of the specific rules or guidelines that were applicable at the time, and I would appreciate the opportunity to rectify any errors or gaps in my knowledge.Furthermore, I am aware that some doubts may have arisen concerning my credibility. I want to assure you that I hold myself to the higheststandards of integrity and professionalism. I understand the importance of trust in my position, and I have always strived to act in an ethical manner.Lastly, I want to express my deep regret for any inconvenience or misunderstanding that may have resulted from this situation. It was certainly not my intention to cause any harm or disrespect. I am committed to remedying the situation and taking necessary steps to ensure it does not occur again in the future.In conclusion, I respectfully request that you review the evidence and information provided in my defense. I believe it will be clear that the allegations made against me are unfounded. I appreciate your fair and unbiased consideration of this matter.Thank you for your attention to this letter. If you require any further information or clarification, please feel free to contact me at [phone number/email address].Sincerely,[Your Name]。

英文版 异议申请书

英文版 异议申请书

英文版异议申请书Letter of Objection ApplicationDear Sir/Madam,I am writing to express my objection to the decision that has been made regarding [insert the issue]. I believe that the decision was not made in a fair and just manner, and I would like to request that my objection be considered.Firstly, I believe that the decision was made without proper consideration of all the relevant information. [Provide specific examples of information that was not considered or overlooked]. I believe that this information would have had a significant impact on the decision if it had been taken into account.Secondly, I believe that the decision was made without proper consultation with all parties involved. [Provide specific examples of parties that were not consulted or whose opinions were not taken into account]. I believe that it is important to consider the opinions and perspectives of all parties before making a decision.Finally, I believe that the decision was made in a manner that was not transparent or accountable. [Provide specific examples of how the decision-making process was not transparentor accountable]. I believe that it is important for decisions to be made in a transparent and accountable manner.In light of these concerns, I would like to request that my objection be reviewed and that the decision be reconsidered.I believe that a fair and just decision can only be made if all the relevant information is taken into account, all parties are consulted, and the decision-making process is transparent and accountable.Thank you for considering my objection.Sincerely,[Your name]。

商务翻译2 文体意识 continued

商务翻译2 文体意识 continued
? The SAFE investigation began in February.
? The latest figure was unchanged from the May 25 figure.
? Most of the speculative and arbitrage capital from overseas wound up in the equity and property markets, Deng told the newspaper without giving further details.
出口商品 ; ? receivable可接受的 → receivables 应收账款; ? outstanding 未付清的,已发行的 → outstandings
未偿付的贷款,未清算的账目,股东持有的股票 ; ? valuable 有价值的,贵重的 → valuables贵重物品。
? receivables turnover 应收账款周转率
? 买方应负责将货物从内陆装货地开始的所有运 输活动,并支付一切运输费用。
复数表示债券或股票
? securities 为“有价证券”的统称; shares (Br. E) 和stocks (Am. E) 都表示“股票的量”、“股份额”;
? ways-and-means advances ( 英格兰银行的 )短期贷款; ? yearlings 一年定期债券; ? gains 涨价的股票; ? interests 利益,股份; ? floaters政府不记名债券; ? Kaffirs(英伦敦证券交易所的)南非金矿股票(不可
? 银行在其起源时曾是为人们安全保管贵重物品的 地方,但如今,除了担当贵重私有财产卫士的角 色以外,世界大银行还有很多的功能。

单方宣示主权英语作文

单方宣示主权英语作文

单方宣示主权英语作文Declaration of Sovereignty。

The Declaration of Sovereignty is a document that asserts a nation's independence and self-governance. It isa powerful statement that establishes a country's right to determine its own political, economic, and social systems without interference from external forces. This essay will explore the significance of the Declaration of Sovereignty and its impact on the nation-state.The Declaration of Sovereignty serves as a foundationfor a nation's identity and self-determination. It represents the collective will of the people to govern themselves and shape their own destiny. This declaration is a crucial step in the process of nation-building, as it establishes the legitimacy and authority of the governmentin the eyes of its citizens and the international community.One of the key aspects of the Declaration ofSovereignty is the recognition of a nation's territorial integrity and the right to control its own borders. This ensures that a country can protect its citizens, resources, and cultural heritage from external threats. It also allows for the establishment of a legal framework that governs the relationship between the state and its citizens.Furthermore, the Declaration of Sovereignty asserts a nation's right to determine its own political system and form of government. It guarantees the freedom to choose between different political ideologies and structures, such as democracy, socialism, or monarchy. This ensures that the government reflects the will of the people and promotes their interests and values.Moreover, the Declaration of Sovereignty plays acrucial role in promoting economic independence and self-sufficiency. It allows a nation to develop its own economic policies, trade agreements, and regulations without external interference. This enables the country to protect its domestic industries, promote economic growth, and improve the standard of living for its citizens.Additionally, the Declaration of Sovereignty is a powerful tool for promoting human rights and social justice. It guarantees the right to freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as the right to equal treatment under the law. This ensures that all citizens are treated withdignity and respect, regardless of their race, gender, or social status.In conclusion, the Declaration of Sovereignty is a crucial document that asserts a nation's independence and self-governance. It establishes the legitimacy andauthority of the government, ensures territorial integrity, and promotes economic independence and social justice. Itis a powerful statement that allows a nation to shape its own destiny and determine its own political, economic, and social systems. The Declaration of Sovereignty is not justa piece of paper, but a symbol of a nation's identity and aspirations for a better future.。

说明参塞要求英语作文

说明参塞要求英语作文

说明参塞要求英语作文Explanation of SAT RequirementsIntroduction:The SAT, or Scholastic Assessment Test, is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. It assesses students' readiness for college and is an important component of the college application process. In this article, we will explain the SAT requirements and provide detailed information on how to prepare for the exam.SAT Requirements:The SAT consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, and Math. Each section is scored on a scale of 200-800, with a total score range of 400-1600. In addition to these two main sections, there is an optional Essay section, which is scored separately on a scale of 6-24.Most colleges and universities in the US require applicants to submit SAT scores as part of their application. While some schools have test-optional policies, many still consider SAT scores as an important factor in the admissions process. It is important for students to research the SAT requirements of the colleges they are interested in applying to and plan accordingly.Preparing for the SAT:Preparing for the SAT requires time and effort. There are several ways students can prepare for the exam, including studying with SAT prep books, taking practice tests, and enrolling in SAT prep courses. It is also important to familiarize oneself with the format of the exam, the types of questions that will be asked, and the timing of each section.In addition to studying the content of the exam, it is also important for students to develop good test-taking strategies. These include managing time effectively, answering questions strategically, and staying calm and focused during the test.Conclusion:In conclusion, understanding the SAT requirements and preparing accordingly is essential for students who plan to apply to colleges in the US. By studying diligently, practicing regularly, and developing good test-taking strategies, students can improve their chances of achieving a high score on the SAT and ultimately gaining acceptance to their desired colleges and universities.。

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Non-abelian Lubin-Tate Theory(M24)T.YoshidaGoalsA.Statement of NALT.(including Local Langlands[Ha],[Ca],[HT]+Boyer,Dat,...)B.Exposition of the local approach(tamely ramified case,[Y1],[Y3]).aside-a.Statement of Weil Conjecture/Weight-Monodromy Conjeture.(and their relation to Ramanujan Conjecture/Generalized Ramanujan Conjecture) aside-b.Relation with Global Langlands Correspondence for GL n.(and their realization in the theories of Complex Multiplication/Shimura Varieties) Topics covered(emphasis is on I>II>III)I.Algebraic Number Theory: -adic Galois representations of localfields.II.Algebraic Geometry: -adic vanishing cycle cohomology of Lubin-Tate spaces.III.Representation Theory:Smooth representations of GL n over localfields.Notions IntroducedI.-Local classfield theory/Lubin-Tate groups.(A)-Weil-Deligne representations/their purity.(A)II.-Formal O-modules/their deformations.(A)-Lubin-Tate spaces/Lubin-Tate towers.(A)(=“local Shimura varieties”for GL n) - -adic cohomology.(A)(´e tale sheaves/derived categories/vanishing cycles)-Intersection theory.(B)III.-Smooth representaions of GL n over localfields.(A)(parabolic inductions/square-integrables/supercuspidals)-Satake parameters/temperedness.(A)-Hecke algebras and the modules over them(B).Theorems proven or partially provenI.-Lubin-Tate theory,[LT],[Y2].(A)-Grothendieck’s -adic monodromy theorem,[ST].(A)-Classification of Frobenius-semisimple WD rep’s,[Ta].(A)II.-Drinfeld’s theorem1:uniqueness of formal O-modules over F q,[Dr].(A) -Drinfeld’s theorem2:representability of the deformation functors,[Dr].(A)-Intersection theory of Hecke correspondences in Iwahori level,[Y3].(B)-Construction of Deligne-Lusztig model in level p,[Y1].(B)III.-Construction of modules over Iwahori Hecke algebras.(B)Theorems stated(plan)I.-Local classfield theory,[Iw],[Y2].(A)II.-Basic theorems on -adic cohomology/vanishing cycles,[SGA4.1/2],[SGA7].(A) (finiteness/proper base change/Lefschetz trace formula/formal theory) -Vanishing cycles of semistable schemes and its monodromyfiltration,[Sai].(B)-Deligne-Lusztig theory,[DL].(B)III.-Basic theorems on smooth representation theory of p-adic groups.(A)(admissibility/Jacquet modules/Bernstein-Zelevinsky classification)-Satake transforms,[Sat].(A)-Cuspidals of GL n overfinitefields/depth0supercuspidals.(B)Tentative ScheduleWeek0(05/10):Overview.Week1(08/10-12/10):Lubin-Tate theory.(I)Week2(15/10-19/10):Formal O-modules(1).(II)Week3(22/10-26/10):Formal O-modules(2).(II)Week4(29/10-02/11): -adic cohomology of Lubin-Tate spaces.(II)Week5(05/11-09/11): -adic Galois rep’s and WD-rep’s.(I)Week6(12/11-16/11):Smooth rep’s of GL n and NALT.(III,A)Week7(19/11-23/11):Iwahori level case.(B)Week8(26/11-30/11):Level p case.(B)CommentsI gave a basic reference list but these papers are by no means easy to read and you should not jump on them and be discouraged;I make haste to confess that many of them I myself could not penetrate.I will try to use two different tones of lecturing-when we are proving the basic results which do not need much prerequisites we’ll go through the proof rather carefully,and when I introduce the notions that come from big fat theories I’ll make the exposition as simple as possible,but try pointing out the fascinating connections with adjacentfields that you may want to explore in the future.So this course will have a small tight core and lots of open ends. Our emphasis is definitely on the -adic Galois representations of localfields,which have very simple structural classification,but can come from mysterious geometric origin( -adic´e tale cohomology).I will motivate the algebraic geometry part by starting with the generalization of Lubin-Tate groups,namely the formal O-modules of higher height.Then its moduli space will have an interesting cohomology groups on which the local Galois group(and other groups, most notably GL n!)will act.To be sure,the things I try to motivate“locally”would always have global motivation too,which is a more traditional way of introducing them:the Lubin-Tate space is a local ring of Shimura varieties,etc.My anti-historical treatment somewhat purposefully neglects the role of L-functions,which connect the local and global theory.I believe this partial blindfold is helpful-we have enough of“sophisticated”stuffin number theory;sometimes it’s nicer if we can isolate a theory from the rest.References[Ca]H.Carayol,Non-abelian Lubin-Tate theory,in:Automorphic Forms,Shimura Varieties, and L-functions(Academic Press,1990),pp.15–39.[DL]P.Deligne,G.Lusztig,Representations of reductive groups overfinitefields,Ann.of Math.103(1976),103–161.[Dr]V.Drinfeld,Elliptic modules,SR Sbornik23-4(1974),561–592.[Ha]M.Harris,On the local Langlands correspondence,in Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians,Beijing2002,Vol II,583–597.[HT]M.Harris,R.Taylor,The Geometry and Cohomology of Some Simple Shimura Varieties, Ann.of Math.Studies151,Princeton Univ.Press,Princeton-Oxford,2001.[Iw]K.Iwasawa,Local Class Field Theory,Princeton Univ.Press,1986.[LT]J.Lubin,J.Tate,Formal complex multiplication in localfields,Ann.Math.81(1965), 380–387.[Sai]T.Saito,Weight spectral sequences and independence of ,J.Inst.Math.Jussieu2(2003), 583–634.[Sat]I.Satake,Theory of spherical functions on reductive algebraic groups over p-adicfields, Publ.Math.IHES18(1963),5–69.[ST]J.-P.Serre,J.Tate,Good reductions of abelian varieties,Ann.Math.88(1968),492–517.[SGA4]A.Grothendieck,et al.,Th´e orie des topos et cohomologie´e tale des sch´e mas(SGA4), Lecture Notes in Math.269,270,305,Springer,1972/73.[SGA4.1/2]P.Deligne,et al.,Cohomologie Etale(SGA4.1/2),Lecture Notes in Math.569, Springer,1977.[SGA7]A.Grothendieck,et al.,Groupes de Monodromie en G´e ometrie Alg´e brique(SGA7), Lecture Notes in Math.288,340,Springer,1972/73.[Ta]J.Tate,Number Theoretic Background,in:A.Borel and W.Casselman,ed.,Automorphic Forms,Representations and L-functions,Proc.Symp.in Pure Math.33-2,AMS,1979.[Y1]T.Yoshida,On non-abelian Lubin-Tate theory via vanishing cycles,math.NT/0404375,to appear in Ann.de l’Institut de Fourier.[Y2]T.Yoshida,Local classfield theory via Lubin-Tate theory,math.NT/0606108,to appear in Ann.de la Faculte des Sciences de Toulouse.[Y3]T.Yoshida,Weight spectral sequence and Hecke correspondences on Shimura varieties, thesis2006.。

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