DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Campaign Against Tetanus
外研社高中英语必修1-8课文原文(翻译)
必修一Module 1 My First Day at Senior HighMy name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is the capital city of Hebei Province.Today is my first day at Senior High school and I’m writing down my thoughts about it.My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen.The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them.The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They’re brilliant! The English class is really interesting. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen.We’re using a new textbook and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like the teachers at my Junior High school. She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. And we have fun.I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class! Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. Some students were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice. Ms Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves. Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with spelling games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the behaviour of the other students shows that they like her, too. There are sixty-five students in my class — more than my previous class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys. They say that girls are usually more hard-working than boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a description of the street where we live.I’m looking forward to doing it!My After-school Activities .As the students of modern times, we have colorful school life. Everyday, we learn plenty of knowledge on different subjects in class. And our school organizes many extracurricular activities in order to help us put what we have learned into practice. After class, we take part in various activities, like playing football, basketball, badminton, etc. They are good for our health. Besides, we are able to join in the lectures organized by literature association, music group, art group, where you can enjoy famous works, learn to play instruments or draw pictures.Also, there are chances for us to use computers in the laboratory and talk with some foreign teachers about anything we are interested in at the English corner. Now, most of us may operate computers freely and have a good command of spoken English.In addition to the after-class activities mentioned here, there are still many others such as sports meeting, debate, social investigation, etc. All those activities make our school life attractive and interesting. We will take advantages of the experience in the future.Moudle 2My New TeachersThey say that first impressions are very important. My first impression of Mrs. Li was that she was nervous and shy.人们常说第一印象很重要。
special english 听力原文
HEALTH REPORT - A Campaign Against Alzheimer's Disease This is the VOA Special English Health Report.Last week, the United States government announced a major educatio n and research campaign against Alzheimer's disease. The brain-wasting disease has no cure. The plan includes more efforts to develop drugs to prevent it.In the United States, more than five million people have Alzheimer's or some other form of dementia. As the population gets older, the number is expected to reach almost eight million by twenty-thirty. By then, experts say Alzheimer's and other dementia disorders could affect as many as sixty-six million people worldwide.The national Alzheimer's plan calls on scientists to develop treatments to prevent the disease by twenty twenty-five. Officials at the National Institutes of Health have promised fifty million dollars to help support that effort. NIH held a conference of the nation's top Alzheimer's researchers where NIH Director Francis Collins discussed the plan.FRANCIS COLLINS: "We have learned more about this disease in the last couple of years than probably ever before. And now the goal is to take that and translate it into interventions."Early next year, scientists at the Banner Alzheimer's Institute in Arizona plan to begin human testing of an experimental drug. The drug is called crenezumab, and the hope is it will prevent Alzheimer's.The study will involve members of a large extended family living in villages in the Medellin area in Colombia. Some of the family members have a rare genetic disorder that causes them to get early-onset Alzheimer's. They begin to show signs of mental loss in their mid-forties and fully develop the disease by their early fifties.Three hundred people have agreed to be in the study. One-third of them will receive crenezumab. The others will be given a placebo, a pill that does not contain any drug. They will not know if they have been given the drug or the placebo. The study will also include a smaller number of people in the United States.Pierre Tariot will help lead the study, known as a human trial. He says all of the people have been informed that the drug might not work or that they might receive a placebo. Mr. Tariot says the people still wanted to be in the study.PIERRE TARIOT: "They have been faced with this devastating illness hitting every generation for hundreds of years. As one of them put it, 'There are many rivers to cross b ut at least we're at the first bank.' And that's kind of the attitude that people have had."Scientists hope that if the drug works in those facing early-onset Alzheimer's, then it might also help older people.The study in Colombia could take as long as five years, but researchers believe they could get results in two years.And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. You can learn more about Alzheimer's disease and find a link to the national plan at . I'm Faith Lapidus.TECHNOLOGY REPORT - The Legal Battle Between Apple and SamsungThis is the VOA Special English Technology Report.Samsung Electronics has won the latest case in its continuing battle with the American owned computer company Apple over property rights. A court in Japan ruled in favor of the South Korean company last week in a case involving its Galaxy series of smartphones and tablets.The three-judge panel in Tokyo said the products did not violate the property rights of an Apple patent for organizing music and video across devices. The court also ordered Apple to pay all costs relating to the court case.The case is just one of many in the worldwide legal battle between Apple and Samsung. Last month, a jury in the state of California found the South Korean company guilty of willfully violating property rights on several patents owned by Apple. The California jury awarded Apple more than one billion dollars in damages.The patents include so-called utility patents for Apple‟s “pinch to zoom” and “tap to zoom” technology. They also include design patents on the look and shape of the iPhone, and one for the home screen design.Madhavi Sunder is a professor of law at the University of California, Davis. She has also written a new book called “From Go ods to a Good Life: Intellectual Property and Global Justice.” She says issues involving design patents are more complex.MADHAVI SUNDER: “These design patents are much more controversial. And a big question here is isn‟t that what market competition is all about.”Professor Sunder says patents are meant to increase competition and support design and development.MADHAVI SUNDER: “For Apple to say its design -- which becomes a new industry standard, the standard of sleek, cool, modern gadgets -- is something that only one company can have an exclusive right over, this is a real problem. And it raises the real question of whether or not we should be protecting designs with patents in the first place.”She says Apple built its computer company using the same methods that it is now opposing.MADHAVI SUNDER: “Steve Jobs, ironically, built Apple‟s reputation on the fact that Apple freely took all the best ideas that were out there and tweaked them and modified them to create a better product. He often quoted Picasso who said …good artists copy but great artists steal.‟ The said thing now is that Apple is saying they can do it but no one else after them can. This goes to the heart of what innovation is about.”Samsung said the California court‟s verdict, in its words, "should not be viewed as a win for Apple, but as a loss for American consumers.”In a rare memo to its employees, the company said it would continue its fight until its arguments are accepted.On the same day as the California ruling, a court in South Korea ruled in another case that both Apple and Samsung had violated each other‟s patents.And that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written by June Simms. I'm Steve Ember.HEALTH REPORT - A UN W arning About Chemical DangersThis is the VOA Special English Health Report.The United Nations Environment Program is calling for urgent action to reduce what it says are growing risks from chemicals. The agency says in a new report that better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars.The Global Chemicals Outlook report will be discussed next week in Nairobi at the International Conference on Chemicals Management.An estimated one hundred forty-three thousand chemicals are now produced. Yet the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.Sylvie Lemmet is director of the Division of Technology, Industry and Economics at the U.N. Environment Program. She says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.SYLVIE LEMMET: "If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide insub-Saharan Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion U.S. dollars in two thousand nine. This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health sector in the same area."The U.N. Environment Program estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until twenty-fifty. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By twenty-twenty, chemical production is expected to increase by forty percent in Africa and the Middle East and thirty-three percent in Latin America.The agency says one of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticides and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy-metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles, and dioxin pollution from mining.The World Health Organization estimates that more than twenty-five percent of all cases of disease are linked to environmental causes. Maria Neira is director of the WHO's Department of Public Health and Environment. She says almost five million deaths from these diseases can be blamed on exposure to certain chemicals.MARIA NEIRA: "It is an enormous figure -- 4.9 million deaths that could be avoided if we have better management in reducing exposure to those chemicals. Obviously, this figure is a very, is an underestimation."The U.N. report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Steve Ember.EDUCATION REPORT - Touring Colleges, Without Ever LeavingHomeThis is the VOA Special English Education Report.Students who want an easy way to get information about a large number of colleges in the United States can visit a website like . It brings together virtual campus tours and interactive maps of more than twelve hundred colleges and universities. The site plans to add an international database for schools in other countries.CampusTours recently celebrated its fifteenth anniversary. The president of the company, Chris Carson, was one of the people who started the site. He says more than one hundred twenty thousand foreign students use the site each year. They make up more than fifteen percent of the traffic on the site.The virtual tours allow students to get a sense of how a college looks. There are also links to official websites and online applications. And there are details like price, number of students, admission requirements and sports programs.But Chris Carson says students should never depend on a third-party website like CampusTours to choose a college. He advises parents and students to contact a school directly. If they plan to visit, they should call the school and talk about the visit and where to stay locally. In fact, he says contacting a school might even lead to a free vis it.CHRIS CARSON: "In some cases, if the student is a good enough student or is a special case, they will sometimes pay for travel to get the student to come to campus. That's a little known fact."He says showing real interest in a school can increase the chances of being admitted.CHRIS CARSON: "One thing in the United States is that they often use something called 'demonstrated interest' as a factor in your admission. They write this stuff in your file, believe it or not. If you've engaged them in conversation about the institution, they're actually more likely to offer you admission."Chris Carson and several of his friends started CampusTours in nineteen ninety-seven. They noticed that many websites with campus tours were heavy with text and lacked much visual material.At first, colleges worried that online tours would compete with the tradition of a personal visit to the campus. But today schools work with sites like CampusTours or its competitors, or build their own virtual tours and maps.And that's the VOA Special English Education Report. You can improve your English and learn more about higher education in the United States at our website, . I'm Dave DeForest.HEALTH REPORT - Why Getting Dirty Can Be Healthy for Children This is the VOA Special English Health Report.A new study suggests that early exposure to germs strengthens the immune system. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life.The study involved laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germ-free environment were more likely to develop allergies, asthma and other autoimmune disorders. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs.They include rheumatoid arthritis, which attacks the joints; Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel condition; and juvenile diabetes. Hay fever, a common allergy, is also an autoimmune disorder.Richard Blumberg is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. He says in nineteen eighty-nine, medical researchers sought to explain these diseases with what they called the "hygiene hypothesis." They proposed that the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems.RICHARD BLUMBERG: "The hypothesis has stated or suggested that early-life exposure to microbes is a very important determinant of later life sensitivity to allergic and so-called autoimmune diseases, such as hay fever, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and others."Now, Dr. Blumberg and a team have what they say is the first biologica l evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases.In the adult germ-free mice, they found that inflammation in the lungs and colon was caused by so-called killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue -- an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitis.Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been "educated" by early exposure to germs.RICHARD BLUMBERG: "What was really most remarkable to us was the fact that once the education event provided by the microbes occurred in early life, it was durable and lasted throughout the life of the animal."Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries.RICHARD BLUMBERG: "I think one obvious question, for example, that's raised by these studies is the early life use of antibiotics and whether we need to be more careful in their prescribing."Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing.ROB DUNN: "Wash your hands, but don't do it with antimicrobial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity of things."The study appears in the journal Science.And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Steve Ember.AGRICULTURE REPORT - Good News, Bad News on Food Pricesand ProductionThis is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.Food prices have risen sharply over the past few years. The good news is that the rate of increase has slowed. The bad news is that prices will not go down anytime soon.Also, the rate of global agricultural production is slowing. Yet it needs to increase sixty percent over the next forty years to feed a growing world population.These are among the findings from the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021. The OECD is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The FAO is the Food and Agriculture Organization, a United Nations agency.FAO Director-General Jose Graziano da Silva spoke at a news conference in Rome last week when the report was released. Mr. Da Silva said that, not surprisingly, the world's poorest people will feel the greatest effects of higher prices.JOSE GRAZIANO DA SILVA: "For the millions and millions of people living in extreme poverty, the implications of high food prices are clear -- they might have to change their diets, usually to ones with poorer nutrition quality."In middle-income countries, people are gaining weight as they eat fewer fruits and vegetables and more of the cheaper but less nutritious foods.The report also shows that farmers in poorer countries will be leading efforts to feed an expected nine billion people by twenty-fifty. The outlook predicts that farmers in Latin America, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa will drive agricultural production in the future. Angel Gurria is chief of the OECD.ANGEL GURRIA: "We can feed nine billion people by twenty-fifty in this planet without stretching things too far. But we have to organize ourselves better."But there are plenty of challenges. One-fourth of all agricultural land is damaged. Many countries face water shortages. And experts believe climate change is driving increasingly unusual weather patterns.The report says farmers need to use more environmentally sustainable growing methods. At the same time, it says governments should end economically harmful supports and invest more in agricultural production. Mr. Gurria says rich and poor nations need to treat agriculture more like a business.ANGEL GURRIA: "In many cases, agriculture is related in people's minds to the poorest. It's related to aid. It's related to very depressed living conditions, etcetera. We got to shake that image away."It also means reducing waste. The FAO and the OECD estimate that about one-third of world food production is lost -- either because of poor growing and harvesting methods or because people are throwing away good food.And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. You can find a link to the Agricultural Outlook report at . You can also read, listen and learn English with our programs and activities. I'm Karen Leggett.TECHNOLOGY REPORT - Driving With GPS Can Be Difficult toNavigateThis is the VOA Special English Technology Report.Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies human-computer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireles s devices.We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay.BARRY BROWN: “And they just plugged in an addr ess and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn‟t until they were driving for thirty minutes until they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'.”Mister Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.BARRY BROWN: “One problem with a lot of the GPS un its is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it‟s going to the wrong place.”Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people‟s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”BARRY BROWN: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you‟re doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills.“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving With GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.And that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written by June Simms. I'm Steve Ember.ECONOMICS REPORT - Connecting Employers with Jobs Seekersin Today's EconomyThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.About three hundred fifty thousand newly unemployed people signed up for financial assi stance in the United States during the first week of July. The nation‟s jobless rate was eight point two percent in both May and June.Some employers say they would add employees if they could find workers with important technology skills. As VOA‟s Jim Ran dle reports, some experts say better communication and technology could reduce this "skills gap."Angel Gurria is head of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. He says even some well-educated people are having trouble finding work around the world.ANGEL GURRIA: "There are unemployed graduates on the streets, while employers search in vain for people with the skills they need. There is an obvious mismatch here. And it is a paradox and a great tragedy."OECD officials say more than forty-four million people are unemployed in the thirty-four wealthiest nations belonging to the organization.In the United States alone, nearly thirteen million people are unemployed. But the country also has more than three point six million unfilled jobs. Experts say some positions are unfilled because those seeking work lack high-technology skills.A company called Monster Worldwide is using some new technology it says can help solve that problem. Company official Earl Rennison says computer programs called "semantic search" are able to process huge amounts of information. That includes millions of res umes, to help connect skilled people with open jobs.Earl Rennison says semantic search is designed to choose the right match from the words or expressions around a key word. He says this helps it get the right match even if a job posting, resume or other documents use different words to express the same idea. He says better searches will lead to better matches, and fill more jobs.Rich Milgram is head of a recruitment company called . He says another problem is that the people who are experts at finding just the right workers were the first ones out of work during the recession.He also says it will take time for companies to rebuild their workforces, even if they have added new recruiters.RICH MILGRAM: "They [the new recruiters] don't understand the business that well because they are new, they don't have a rapport with the hiring managers."Rich Milgram says companies in need excellent workers have to do a good job of writing job advertisements that are understandable. And job seekers need to make it clear to hiring managers how they can help their companies.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report. For transcripts, MP3s and now PDFs of our programs for e-readers, go to . I‟m Mario Ritter.TECHNOLOGY REPORT - Finding the Right Match With OnlineDatingThis is the VOA Special English Technology Report.Ten or fifteen years ago, online dating was too new to be socially acceptable. But now, many people search for a partner online.Online dating is very different from traditional dating, in which people spend time with one another, slowly learning about each other. With online dating, people learn a lot about a potential partner before even meeting them.We spoke with Mario, who had recently moved to the city of Baltimore, Maryland. His friends paid for him to use an online dating site. He thought he knew just what he was looking for.MARIO: "A non-American, non-scientist, nothing related with Latin. And I ended up with the completely opposite.""Opposites attract" is a popular saying. But online dating companies say the more similar two people are, the more likely they are to have a relationship that lasts a long time.One of the largest online dating sites is eHarmony. It asks people who want to meet someone using the site to first answer more than four hundred questions. A secret mathematical algorithm then uses the answers to match people. An algorithm is astep-by-step process for solving a problem.Gian Gonzaga is the director of research and development at eHarmony. He spoke to us on Skype:GIAN GONZAGA: "We like to say that opposites attract and then they attack. And it's not that you have to be similar on everything. It's only those things that are most important to you."Makon Fardis is a clinical psychologist who works with couples. He does not believe in using mathematical algorithms to match people because, he says, only seven percent of people tell the truth when describing themselves.He says even if people don't decide to lie or mislead, the way we see ourselves is different from who we really are. He says there are many examples of couples that seem like they would be compatible, but are not when they meet.Remember Mario? A woman named Tamara was his online match. She had some worries about online dating, but also saw the good, as well.TAMARA: "One is that you just meet a lot of people and, you know and people you may not encounter regularly. And the other thing, it was almost easier like, if you didn't have a connection, it made it easier to say, you know I'm just not, this isn't what I want and you move on."At first, Mario worried that Tamara was too similar to him. But he suggested they meet for coffee.MARIO: "But then she ordered another drink, another drink. And let's order something to eat. And it was like 'OK.'"TAMARA: "It was very natural -- we were just blah, blah, blah the whole time. And it ended up being five hours later that we had dinner and everything."That was a year ago. Last month, they got married.ECONOMICS REPORT - Saving Money for College This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.How much does a college education cost? In the United States, the College Board releases yearly reports on prices at colleges and universities. The group bases its findings on "published" tuition and fees, meaning the prices officially listed by the school. Students might pay less -- for instance, if they receive scholarships.Nationally, tuition and fees at public four-year colleges and universities rose more than 8 percent during the academic year that just ended. The increase was seven percent if you exclude California. California has about t en percent of the nation‟s full-time students in public four-year colleges.In-state tuition and fees averaged more than eight thousand dollars nationally. The average total charge -- which includes housing and meals -- was seventeen thousand dollars. The total charge for students from out of state was thirty thousand dollars.Tuition and fees increased four and a half percent at private nonprofit four-year schools. That was still higher than the inflation rate. The average was twenty-eight thousand five hundred dollars.For-profit schools charged an estimated fourteen thousand dollars in tuition and fees. That was up 3.2 percent from the year before.One way for parents in the United States to start saving for college when their child is still very young is called a 529 plan. The plans are named for the part of the federal tax law that created them in nineteen ninety-six. All fifty states and the District of Columbia offer them.Private investment companies operate most of these plans, and each state has its own rules. Many plans are open to families from other states.Five twenty-nine plans offer different investment choices. Families must decide how aggressively they want to put money into stocks, bonds or other investments that can rise or fall in value. There are limits on how much families can put into 529 plans.Another choice is called a prepaid tuition plan. Parents can pay for an education at a public college or univers ity in their state while their child is still growing up. But what if the child decides to go to school out of state, or not at all? The money can go to educate another family member, or the parents can withdraw it and pay taxes on the gains.There are other ways to save for college while also saving on taxes. One way is to put money for a child into what is called a custodial account until the child becomes an adult.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report. I'm Faith Lapidus.。
Business Development Plan
Concept
(to be continued)
The Fresh Breeze®
A Portable Air filter Equipment, powered by rechargeable Li-ion battery, can filter PM2.5 particle, improve the air environment in front of the user, anytime, anywhere, with personalized aroma flavor replacement filters available to customer’s ch hose 2mm [a] Disposable Filter
Concept
Technical Feasibility
To build a “breathable zone” in front of the user (around 0.03 cubic meter); air flow of 0.18M3/min to refresh the air every 10 seconds Current filtration media technology (Vehicle Air Filters): filter particles at 1-3 micro; a media with the size of half a business card can provide enough contamination holding capacity over 20 hours under PM2.5 reading over 1000 condition before clogged Blower motor to generate required airflow with power consumption of 100mA; normal cell phone rechargeable battery is over 1000mah Automatic indicator and shutdown to remind of timely replacement of filters
Bec higher难词解析汇编汇总词汇
accounts 1 账目 例:The financial director was accused of falsifying the company accounts.
accounts 2 会计部门 即 accounts department 例: She works in accounts.
across-the-board 全面,全体 例 1: They have decided to increase prices by 4% across-the-board. 例 2: To save money, identify current problems, and make the old company more dfficient, the new president ordered an across-the-board examination of expenditures and operational procedures in every department.
广告业常用英文术语
广告业常用英文术语AA〔Account Assistant〕客户助理Action Plan 行动方案AD〔Account Director〕客户总监Add Value 附加价值Ads〔Advertisement〕广告Advertorial付费软文AE〔Account Executive〕客户代表、客户主任Agency 代理商AM〔Account Manager〕客户经理Analysis Tools分析工具Announcement 公告Annual Report年报AP (Asia-Pacific) 亚太区AR List 任务清单ATL (Above the Line) 线上活动Attachment附件Audience Awareness公众认知度Auto Industry 汽车行业Awareness 认知Background Analysis 背景分析Background material 背景材料Benchmark测试基准BI (Behavior Identity)企业行为识别系统Bidding 竞标Bio个人简历Boilerplate公司简介〔附在新闻稿后面的关于该公司的简短介绍〕Brand Communications Strategy品牌传播战略Brand Loyalty品牌忠诚度Brand Management Commission品牌治理委员会Brand Management Consulting Firm品牌治理顾问公司Brand Management品牌治理Brand Planning/Designing品牌策划/设计Brand Positioning Survey品牌定位调查Brand Positioning 品牌定位Brand Promotion品牌推广Branding Strategy品牌战略Briefing Kit资料包Briefing情形介绍BTL (Below the Line) 线下活动BU 〔Business Unit〕业务部门Bulletin公告栏Bundle 附赠品Business E-Mail 商务电邮Business Model商业打算Business Philosophy 经营哲学Business Strategy 经营战略Campaign 公关或营销活动Career Development 职业进展Career Planning职业打算Case study案例研究Category 类别Celebration 庆典活动CEO Reputation Management CEO声誉治理CEO's Arrangement CEO接待Channel 渠道Chart 幻灯片中的页面China Golden Awards For Excellence in Public Relations中国最正确公共关系案例大赛China International Public Relations Congress中国国际公共关系大会CI〔Corporate Identity〕企业形象CIPRA〔China International Public Relations Association〕中国国际公共关系协会CIS 〔Corporate Identity Sysetm〕企业形象识别系统Client Database Management客户数据治理Client Oriented Strategy客户导向战略Client Relations Development System客户关系开发系统Client Relations Evaluation System客户治理评判系统Client Relations Maintenance System客户关系爱护系统Client Relations Management System客户关系治理系统Client Relations Management客户治理治理Client Relations Precaution System客户治理预警系统Client Relations Supporting System客户治理支持系统Client Relations客户关系Client Satisfaction Management客户中意度治理Clipping Report剪报报告Closing Phase终止时期Code of Conduct行为准那么Code of Ethics 职业道德Communication Model 传播模式Communications Kit新闻夹Communications Management 传播治理Communications Regions传播地域Communications Strategy传播战略Community Relations社区关系Competitor竞争对手Confidential 保密的、隐秘的Confidential Items保密条款Consecutive Interpretation交互式翻译Consultant顾问Consumer Buying Process 顾客购买过程Consumer Database顾客数据Consumer Orientation消费者导向Consumers/Dealers Assembly用户/经销商大会Contact Person 联系人Continuous Education连续教育Controlling Phase 操纵时期Coordination Communicating和谐沟通Copywriter 文案Copywriting公关文案Core Competitiveness核心竞争力Core Media核心媒体Corporate Affairs企业事务Corporate Image企业形象Corporate Profile公司简介Corporate Reputation企业声誉Corporate Video 宣传片Cost Control成本操纵Cost Management成本治理Creative & Design创意设计Credential公司或个人简介Crisis Control 危机操纵Crisis Management Office危机治理办公室Crisis Management Planning危机治理策划Crisis Management Team危机治理小组Crisis Management危机治理Crisis Research危机研究Crisis Statement危机声明Customer testimonial客户证言Datasheet宣传页Decoration 现场布置〔装饰〕Demand GenerationDemo Booth 产品演示台Diagnosis诊断Director总监Distributor 分销商DM 〔Direct mailing 〕直邮Domain Name Registration 域名注册Donation捐赠EC〔East China)华东Editorial Calendar媒体刊登打算Effective Communications有效传播Employee Compensation职员薪酬Employee Relations职员关系Environment Analysis环境分析Environment Issues环境问题Ethics of the Profession 职业道德Event Management事件治理Event Planning 事件策划Event事件、活动Executing Phase 执行时期Execution 执行Executive President 执行总裁Fact Sheet资料〔数字或其他材料〕FAQ 常见问题问答Fashion Business时尚产业Feature article 深度文章Feature文章类型中的通讯Finance Management财务治理Financial Communications财经传播Flyer 宣传单页Follow-up跟进Forum 论坛GCG〔Grand China〕大中国区Glossary词汇表Government Affairs政府事务Government PR 政府公关Government Relations政府关系Govt 〔Government〕政府Graphics图形文件Greetings问候语Health Care医疗保健High Tech高科技Hospital PR 医院公关Human Resource Management人力资源治理IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications)整合营传播Implementation实施Incentive Plan鼓舞打算Industry Participation行业参与Initiating Phase 初始时期INPUTS Evaluation Tools输入级评估工具Integration Management整合治理Interactive PR 网上互动公关Internal Magazine内部期刊Internal Communications System内部传播系统Internal Communications内部传播Internal Film内部电影Internal PR 内部公关International PR国际公关Internet Communications网络传播Internet Media Communications 网媒传播Interpersonal Communications人际传播Interpreter翻译Interview 专访或面试Introduction Lantern宣传幻灯Investor Relations投资者关系Invitation Letter 邀请IPR〔Institute of Public Relations〕英国公共关系协会IPRA〔International Public Relations Association〕国际公共关系协会Issue Diagnosis问题诊断Issues Management问题治理ISV 〔Individual Software Vendor〕独立软件开发商Job Evaluation绩效考核Journalist记者Key Media关键媒体Key Messages 关键信息Keynote Speaker主题演讲人Keynote Speech主题演讲LA〔Large Account〕大客户LE 〔Large Enterprise〕大客户Leadership 领导者Legal Duty法律义务Life Cycle of the Products 产品生命周期Lobby游说Logo标识Long Term Program长期项目Lucky Draw 抽奖Marcomm〔Marketing Communications〕营销传播Market Analysis Report市场分析报告Marketing Communications Mix营销传播组合Marketing Communications营销传播Marketing Strategy 市场营销战略Marketshare 市场份额Mass Media大众媒体MB〔Medium business〕中客户MC〔Master of Ceremonies〕主持人MC〔Middle China〕华中MD〔Managing Director〕董事总经理、执行董事Media Assistant媒介助理Media Analysis媒体分析Media Communications Strategy媒体传播战略Media Communications媒体传播Media Coverage 媒体覆盖率Media Director 媒介总监Media Executive媒介代表、媒介主任Media Inquiry媒体垂询Media Kit媒体资料包Media List媒体名单Media Manager媒介经理Media Monitor媒体监测Media Relations媒介关系Media Research媒体研究Media Tour媒体拜望或媒体外出巡游Media媒体Meeting Agenda会议议程Meeting Minutes 会议记录Merchandise促销物品Methodology方法论MI (Mind Identity)企业理念识别MI〔Media Index)企业媒体声望指数Mindshare 品牌阻碍力份额Miscellaneous 杂费Monthly Report月报Multifunctional Task Force多职能任务小组National Standards of the PR Professional Qualification国家公共关系职业资格标准NC〔North China〕华北NE 〔Northeast China〕东北Negative Report负面报道New Product Launch新产品公布News Clipping新闻剪报News Release新闻公布Newsletter通讯No-profit PR 非营利机构公关Norms of Excellent PR Management 杰出公共关系治理标准NW〔Northwest China〕西北Objective Diagnosis目标诊断Offering 服务内容On Site现场Online Advertisement 线上广告Online Communications线上传播Online Marketing Communications 线上营销传播Online media网络媒体Online Roadshow 网上路演Online Survey网上调查OOP〔Out-of-Pocket〕杂费、日常工作发生的成本Open-day Visits开放日参观Opinion Leader舆论领导OUTCOMES Evaluation T ools输出级评估工具OUTPUTS Evaluation Tools成效级评估工具Outsourcing 外包OV〔One Voice〕一个声音Photo Library图片库Planning Phase 策划时期Polish文案润色POP (Point Of Purchase Advertising) 导购点广告Positioning定位Post Event 善后工作Poster 海报Postmortem 会后书面的简短总结报告Postscript后记PR Agency公关公司PR Consulting Market公关顾问服务市场PR Consulting Practice公关顾问实务PR Consulting Service公关顾问服务PR Consulting Tools公关顾问工具PR Directorr 公共关系总监PR Evaluation公关评估PR Event 公关活动PR Guideline公关方针PR Management Working Code公关治理工作准那么PR Manager 公共关系经理PR Procedure公关流程PR Proposal公关建议书PR Supervisor 公共关系主管Pre Event前期工作Pre-evaluation 预评估Preface前言Presentation 演示、陈述President 总裁Press Conference新闻公布会Press Kit媒体新闻夹Press Release新闻稿Print Media平面媒体Priority 优先的Procurement Management预警治理Product Test产品评测Profession Responsibility 职业义务Professional Association 专业协会Professional Certification 职业认证Professional Consultant 专业顾问Professional fee专业服务费Professional Grading专业等级Project Life Cycle项目生命周期Project Management项目治理Project Owner项目托付人Project Title项目标题Project公关项目Proposal公关建议书PRSA〔Public Relations Society of America〕美国公共关系协会Pubic Opinion公众舆论Public Affairs公共事务Public Relations Consulting公关顾问Public Relations Crisis公关危机Public Relations Management公关治理Public Relations公共关系Public Utility公用事业Publicity宣传Q&A问题问答Qualified Project Manager合格的项目经理Quality Control质量操纵Quality Management质量治理Questionnaire调查问卷Quotation报价Real Estate房地产Recommendatory 举荐信Recruitment招募Reference参考资料Rehearsal预演、彩排Report报告Reputation Management 声誉治理Research Tools研究工具Reseller 经销商Retainer长期客户Review回忆、总结Risk Management风险治理Roadshow巡展、路演Rude question 不友好的问题SAE〔Senior Account Executive〕高级客户代表、高级客户主任SAM〔Senior Account Manager〕高级客户经理SB 〔Small business〕小客户SC〔South China〕华南Scope Management范畴治理Seminar研讨会Senior Consultant高级顾问Senior Media Executive高级媒介代表Senior Media Manager高级媒介经理Senior Vice President 高级副总裁Shareholders利益关系人Simultaneous interpretation同声传译Slide 幻灯片Slogan口号Social Activities社会活动Social Responsibility社会责任Source Materials客户提供的辅助资料Souvenirs & Gifts 纪念品和礼品SOV 〔Share of Voice〕Speaking with One Voice 用一个声音说话Spokes Person Tips发言人技巧Spokesperson发言人Sponsorship Planning赞助策划Sponsorship 赞助Strategic Consulting战略咨询Strategy Communications Systems战略传播系统Strategy 战略Success Story成功故事Summary 简介、概述Supplier 供应商Survey调查SW〔Southwest China〕西南SWOT analysis优势、劣势、机遇、威逼分析Synopsis概要总结Target Audience 目标受众Task Marketing任务营销TBD 〔To be Detail〕需更详细信息Team 小组、团队Technical Article技术文章Theme 主题Time Management治理Time Sheet时刻治理表Two-way Asymmetry双向非平稳模式Two-way Communications双向传播Two-way Symmetry双向平稳模式Vendor 供应商Venue 会议地点Vertical media行业媒体VI (Visual Identity)视觉识别VIP Speech 讲话稿Virtual Computer虚拟主机Vision愿景Voiceshare 曝光信息份额VP〔Vice President〕副总裁VSB 〔Very small business〕特小客户、超小客户Website Construction网站建设Whitepaper白皮书Workshops工作研讨Worldwide 全球特写feature articles以货代款in kind机构广告institutional advertising前期市场企业广告market prep corporate advertising 营销公关marketing public relation新闻简报news/press release意见抽样opinion sampling招贴posters传媒炒作press agentry传媒工具press/media kit公共事务public affairs公共关系户public relations公共关系广告public relations advertising宣传publicity公众publics聘请广告recruitment advertising声望经营reputation management撰写讲演稿speechwriting赛场营销venue marketing新闻通报录像video news release执行证明书affidavit of performance受众构成audience composition受众占有率audience share时刻表avails一刻平均听众数average quarter-hour audience一刻平均收听率average quarter-hour rating一刻平均占有率average quarter-hour share交换辛迪加barter syndication无线电视broadcast TV有线电视cable TV单位成本CPP千人成本CPM累积听众数cumulative persons累积收听率cumulative rating时段组合day-part mix预定市场区域designated market areas班车时刻drive time首播辛迪加first-run syndication形象移植imagery transfer信息式广告informercial互相连接interconnect广播电视网networks网外辛迪加off-network syndication协办participation basis占位价格preemption rate黄金时段prime time节目式广告PLA节目收率视program rating节止编排形式programming formats视听率调查服务公司rating services电台指定时刻run-of-station受众总数total audience总体受众打算total audience plan广告网络ad networks广告查询ad request横幅广告banner商业回邮件business reply mail分类广告Web站classified ad Web site编辑名录compiled lists立体创意直邮creative dimensional direct mailing 数字互动媒介digital interactive media直邮广告direct-mail advertising内部刊物house organs互动电视interactive TV互联网Internet互联网服务供应商Internet service provider销售信函sales letters广告礼品advertising specialty展台booths路牌bulletin structure车内尾部招贴car-end posters电影贴片广告cinema advertising陈设媒介exhibitive media全面登场full showing车内广告牌inside cards户外媒介out-of-home media车体招贴outside posters包装packaging奖品premiums标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising成品招贴stock posters优待赠券take-ones商业展现会trade shows交通广告transit advertising广告英语术语——媒介策划用语广告印象advertising impression广告反应曲线advertising response curve注意度attention value受众audience受众目标audience objectives品牌开发指数brand development index品种开发指数category development index发行量circulation成本效益cost efficiency单位成本cost per point千人成本cost per thousand创意组合creative mix分布目标distribution objectives有效频次effective frequency有效到达率effective reach暴露值exposure value频次frequency市场markets组合mechanics媒介media媒介策划media planning媒介载体media vehiclesAE——Account Executive——客户代表，或客户执行。
翻译技巧句子列
1. 在我宣读关于建立国家食物营养委员会呼吁书和请各位对呼吁书的内容发表意见之前，请允许我就该文件的背景作一简单的说明。
I am going to read the appeal for the establishment of NationalFood and Nutrition Committee and to invite your comments onits contents. However, before that, I'd like to give you a briefexplanation of the background of this document.2. 水力发电、地热能源、太阳能、风能、核能等再生能源，我国政府是非常重视的。
Hydro-electric power, geo-thermal energy, solar, wind and nuclear energy are renewable resourceswhich our government attaches great importance to. (which receive great attention from ourgovernment.).3. 发展中国家、最不发达国家以及一些岛屿国家的经济发展近年来遇到比较严重的问题。
Developing countries, the least developed countries and some island countries have encounteredserious problems in their economic development.4. 阿富汗人民反抗外来侵略的斗争，赢得了一切支持正义，爱好和平的国家和人民的同情和支持。
Afghan people's struggle against foreign aggression has won from all just-upholding and peace-loving nations and peoples their sympathy and support.5. 中国政府对全面贯彻落实“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“高度自治”的决心是坚定不移的。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4Unit1课后答案
Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs'' Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21ConclusionConclusion——The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations 2) at the cost of 4) limp 6) regions 8) siegeAppendix I - $9 9) raw10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through 3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete. 4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity Unity is is crucial crucial to to the efficient operation operation of an of an organization. organization. Failure Failure to to reckon reckon reckon with with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization. 3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the G ermans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II. More Synonyms in Context1) 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 - App endi x IIII. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks —and nobody knew anything about it. 3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 1) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm —you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.4) In those days people believed in marrying young a nd having children early. and having children early. 5) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed. 3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans. 4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas. 2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River. 3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four. 4) 4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign9. reckon with 2. stand in the way4. catching... off his guard6. declaration8. drag on10. bringing...to a haltApp endi x I - 91 -(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage 9. observing10. Powerful II. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently e ngaged inengaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm. 2. We We must must must not not underestimate the the enemy. enemy. enemy. They They are equipped with the the most most most sophisticated sophisticated weapons. 3. Having Having been been been cut cut cut of of of a a a job/Not job/Not job/Not having having having had had had a a a job job job for for for 3months, 3months, 3months, Phil Phil Phil is is is getting getting getting increasingly increasingly desperate . 4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient , and accurate in his judgment. 5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. d 3. b.-2. d 4. a- 92 -App endi x ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call ...off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing: ____________ It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy. _____ √ ____ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go." Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 w ords)。
VOA慢速英语011.Development Report
001.Increasing Food Security in Dry Areas of the Middle EastThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Agricultural experts have launched a land and water management project in the Middle East. The project seeks to increase food security in dry areas. Researchers say the water availability in some of the areas has dropped well below the internationally recognized standard.Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, the West Bank, Syria and Yemen are all taking part in the project. It is part of a larger ten-year effort called the Water and Livelihoods Initiative. The project is also expected to increase household income for farmers in the areas.The United States Agency for International Development provided one million dollars for the Water and Livelihoods Initiative. Scott Christianson is an agricultural development advisor with U.S.A.I.D. He helped develop the project while working for the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. He says the countries taking part in the project were all carefully selected.SCOTT CHRISTIANSON: "They all share a socio-economic and cultural heritage that's fairly homogeneous. We feel that it's going to maximize our opportunity for trading of knowledge that we will generate in the project."Research by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas and its partners has already proven to be successful. New irrigation methods are expected to double wheat production while using one-third of the water required for full irrigation. Experts say the new methods also increase crop production up to five times more than crops that depend on rainfall only.The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas will provide technical support for the project. Officials from the International Water Management Institute and the International Food Policy Research Institute are also taking part in the effort.Each team will be joined by experts from local research institutions, universities and government agencies.SCOTT CHRISTIANSON: "We have good partnerships among the countries within each agro-eco system so that through this twinning they can learn lessons from each other and work together effectively through time."Scott Christianson and other officials met in Amman, Jordan last week. They attended an international conference on food security and climate change in dry areas. Nearly one-fourth of the world's people live in these areas.Officials say more must be done to deal with water shortages in agriculture. If not, they say, the future of food security, economic development and social stability in dry areas will be put at risk.And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by June Simms. I'm Steve Ember.002.Breathing Easier: The Art of Stove Making27 January 2010More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. Most live in Africa, India and China. They use biomass fuels like wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal. These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. But they are also a major cause of health problems and death.For more than thirty years, the Aprovecho Research Center has been designing cleaner, low-cost cooking stoves for the developing world. Dean Still is the director of the group which is based in the United States. He notes a World Health Organization estimate that more than one and a half million people a year die from breathing smoke from solid fuels.DEAN STILL: "And half of the people on planet Earth every day use wood or biomass for cooking. These are the people on Earth who have less money, and the richer people use oil and gas. It's been estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas. And so it is very important for the poorer people to have very efficient stoves that protect their forests and that protect their health."Every year Aprovecho holds a "stove camp" at its testing station in Cottage Grove, Oregon. Engineers, inventors, students and others come together to design and test different methods and materials for improving stoves.Over the years, the group has made stoves using mud, bricks, sheet metal, clay, ceramics and old oil drums. Most of the stoves look like large, deep cooking pots. They have an opening at the bottom for the fire and a place on top to put a pot.In the late nineteen seventies, Aprovecho produced a popular stove called the Lorena. The Lorena was very good at reducing smoke and warming homes. But new tests years later found that it was not very efficient. The Lorena used twice as much wood as an open fire, and took much longer to heat food.Since then, Dean Still says they have experimented with countless other designs.DEAN STILL: "Our goal is to make a very inexpensive stove -- let's say five dollars -- that makes very, very little smoke, so it's safe for health, diminishes global warming and diminishes deforestation. And so it's an ongoing problem to work on."Aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer in China. The company is making Aprovecho's first mass produced stoves. They are said to use forty to fifty percent less wood than an open fire, and produce fifty to seventy-five percent less smoke. A company called StoveTec is selling them through its Web site for less than ten dollars. Dean Still says that more than one hundred thousand have been sold so far.003.Steps Urged to Prevent Snakebites, Improve TreatmentsThis is the VOA Special English Health Report.This is the VOA Special English Development Report.Snakes bite an estimated five and a half million people worldwide each year. Experts say tens of thousands of people die from venom poisoning.An untreated or incorrectly treated bite might require the removal of a bitten foot, for example, or an arm. Each year around four hundred thousand amputations are the result of snakebites.Last year, for the first time, the World Health Organization added snakebites to its list of "neglected tropical diseases." This recognition aims to bring greater attention to the problem.Scientists know of about three thousand kinds of snakes. About six hundred of them are venomous. These are most often found in rural areas in tropical climates.Asia and Africa have the highest number of snakebites -- together about four million a year. Latin America and islands in the South Pacific follow.The highest number of victims are agricultural workers. Snakebites are also common among fishermen, hunters and children. Many victims live in areas with poor or non-existent health care systems and where antivenom treatments are often not available.Antivenom is the only cure. But experts say antivenom technologies and their use need to be improved. Problems include a shortage of manufacturers and the high cost of treatment.Also, there is a widespread lack of knowledge among local health workers about how to use antivenoms. The treatments can cause dangerous and even deadly reactions if not used carefully.Antivenom contains proteins from animals such as horses or sheep. The animals are injected repeatedly with one or more different snake venoms to produce immunity.The Lancet medical journal recently published a series of reports on snakebite prevention and treatment. David Warrell at the University of Oxford in England co-wrote one of them. He praised efforts by the W.H.O. to establish common practices for the production, regulation and control of antivenom. But he says more must be done.The authors say community education programs could help prevent snakebites by teaching people how to avoid them. They also suggest actions like providing protective boots to wear while working in fields, and not sleeping on the ground.Also important is providing information about where dangerous snakes are most likely to live and when they are most active.004. New Vaccine Joins Campaign to End PolioTThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.The World Health Organization has begun to use a new vaccine against polio. Officials say it will become a major tool in the campaign to end a disease that mainly affects children under age five.The new formulation is known as B.O.P.V. , or bivalent oral polio vaccine. It was used for the first time in December in a polio immunization campaign in Afghanistan.Carol Pandak is with the PolioPlus program of the service organization Rotary International. She explains that health workers have been using what are called trivalent vaccines in some places. These are areas like Afghanistan where more than one kind of polio virus exists.There are three types of polio virus. The trivalent vaccine is least effective against type three, more effective against type one and highly effective against type two. As a result, few new casesof type two have been reported since nineteen ninety-nine.This has led to greater use of monovalent vaccines to protect against either type one or type three polio. But Carol Pandak says the monovalent vaccine is not enough in areas with both.CAROL PANDAK: "You address the type one, and the type three cases go up. You address the type three, and the type one cases go up."Rod Curtis at the World Health Organization in Geneva says the new bivalent vaccine solves this problem.ROD CURTIS: "The beauty of the bivalent vaccine is that it is able to attack both types of wild polio virus in one dose."Carol Pandak says tests found the new vaccine to be thirty percent more effective than the trivalent vaccine.More than thirty new cases of polio were reported in Afghanistan last year. About half were type one and the others type three. Rod Curtis says that shows the importance of the new vaccine targeting both viruses at once. Officials say similar vaccination campaigns are planned this year in India, Nigeria and Pakistan.Intensive vaccination campaigns have reduced the number of new polio cases reported worldwide to fewer than two thousand a year. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative says the number has fallen by ninety-nine percent since nineteen eighty eight.Polio is highly infectious. One victim in two hundred suffers permanent paralysis, usually in the legs. Five to ten percent of those victims die when their breathing muscles fail.005. Solar-Powered Pumps Aid African FarmersThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.A new study in West Africa shows how farm irrigation systems powered by the sun can produce more food and money for villagers. The study in Benin found that solar-powered pumps are effective in supplying water, especially during the long dry season.Sub-Saharan Africa is the part of the world with the least food security. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that more than one billion of the world's people faced hunger last year. Around two hundred sixty-five million of them live south of the Sahara Desert. Lack of rainfall is one of their main causes of food shortages.Jennifer Burney from Stanford University in California led the study. The research team helped build three solar-powered drip irrigation systems in northern Benin.Between thirty and thirty-five women used each system to pump water from the ground or a stream. Each woman was responsible for farming her own one hundred twenty square meters of land. They also farmed other land collectively.The solar-powered irrigation systems produced an average of nearly two metric tons of vegetables per month. During the first year, the women kept a monthly average of almost nine kilograms of vegetables for home use.They sold the surplus produce at local markets. The earnings greatly increased their ability to buy food during the dry season which can last six to nine months.People in the two villages with the systems were able to eat three to five more servings of vegetables per day. But making the surplus available at markets also had a wider effect.The study compared the villages with two others where women farmed with traditional methods like carrying water in buckets. The amount of vegetables eaten in those villages also increased, though not as much.The researchers note that only four percent of the cropland in sub-Saharan Africa is irrigated. Using solar power to pump water has higher costs at first. But the study says it can be more economical in the long term than using fuels like gasoline, diesel or kerosene. And solar power is environmentally friendly.The study appears this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.006. New Treatment for Sleeping SicknessThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.The World Health Organization is using a new combination of drugs to treat human African trypanosomiasis disease, also known as sleeping sickness. The drugs nifurtimox an eflornithine will be given out in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.Officials from the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative say the new treatment has fewer side effects. It is also more effective and less costly than the drugs traditionally used. In addition, the new treatment reduces the number of injections needed. And it shortens the amount of time patients must spend in the hospital.Sleeping sickness threatens millions of people in thirty-six countries in Africa. Most live in poor rural areas. The disease is caused by the trypanosoma parasite. It is spread to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies.Common signs of sleeping sickness include fever, headaches, extreme tiredness and pain in the muscles and joints. Early identification of the disease may be difficult because many infected people do not show any immediate symptoms.Over time, the parasites invade the central nervous system. The disease causes sleep disorders, mental confusion, personality changes, speech problems, seizures and coma. If left untreated, sleeping sickness kills.The World Health Organization estimates that about sixty thousand people are currently infected with the disease. It develops in two different forms. Trypanosoma gambiense is responsible for ninety percent of the reported cases of sleeping sickness. People infected with this form may develop the disease over many years without any major symptoms. The disease develops more quickly over a few weeks or months in people infected with trypanosoma rhodesiense.Until now the drug melarsoprol was used to treat patients in the advanced stage of sleeping sickness.But the drug requires many painful injections several times a day for several weeks. It also causes bad side effects, some of which can be deadly.In Uganda, a new study has confirmed earlier research linking the spread of sleeping sickness to infected farm animals. The writers of the study have called for stronger rules requiring cattle to be treated before being sold at market. The study was published in the Public Library of Science.007. Bringing Light to Homes in Poor CountriesThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.More than one and a half billion people around the world live without electricity. Finding better ways to bring light to the poor is the goal of researchers like David Irvine-Halliday.In the late nineteen nineties, the Canadian professor was working in Nepal when his return flight was canceled. A delay gave him time to take a fourteen-day hiking trip in the Himalayas.As he tells it, one day he looked in the window of a school and noticed how dark it was. This is a common problem for millions of children around the world -- and not just at school, but also at home.Many families use kerosene oil lamps. There are many problems with these lamps. They produce only a small amount of light. They are dangerous to breathe. And they are a big fire danger, causing many injuries and deaths each year.Kerosene costs less than other forms of lighting, but it is still costly in poor countries. Professor Irvine-Halliday says many people spend well over one hundred dollars a year on the fuel.When he returned to Canada, he began researching ways to provide safe, clean and affordable lighting. He began experimenting with light-emitting diodes, LEDs, at his laboratory at the University of Calgary in Alberta. As a professor of renewable energy, he already knew about the technology.Light-emitting diodes are small glass lamps that use much less electricity than traditional bulbs and last much longer.Professor Irvine-Halliday used a one-watt bright white L.E.D. made in Japan. He found it on the Internet and connected it to a bicycle-powered generator. He remembers thinking it was so bright, a child could read by the light of a single diode.In two thousand, after much research and many experiments, he returned to Nepal to put the systems into homes. His Light Up the World Foundation has now equipped the homes of twenty-five thousand people in fifty-one countries.DAVID IRVINE-HALLIDAY: "The one-time cost of our system -- which consists of a small solar panel, a little motorcycle-sized battery and a couple of LED lamps, which basically live forever, as well as the solar panel -- is less than one hundred dollars. So, one year of kerosene would pay for a solid-state lighting system."Now his aim is to develop a lower-cost lighting system. In January, David Irvine-Halliday is leaving the University of Calgary. He has also decided to give up leadership in the Light Up the World Foundation to start a company in India.And that's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by June Simms with Rosanne Skirble. I'm Christopher Cruise.008. Increase in Illegal Killing of Rhinos in Africa, AsiaThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.A new report says the illegal killing of rhinos for their horns is increasing in Africa and Asia.Rhinoceros poachers are killing an estimated two to three of the rare animals each week.Experts say demand in Asia -- especially Vietnam and China -- currently drives most trade in rhino horns from southern Africa. The horns are often used to make traditional medicines, or handles for dagger knives.The report is from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and an organization known as Traffic.Most African rhino poaching is in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Experts found that two hundred ten rhinos were illegally killed in South Africa in the last three years.The estimate for Zimbabwe is two hundred thirty-five. The situation threatens gains made in its rhino populations in the nineteen nineties. In the last two years, only six people were found guilty of poaching charges out of forty-one arrested.In two thousand one, sixty-eight percent of African rhino horns entering illegal trade were recovered. By this year, nine out of ten were heading to Asian markets without interference.The report says poaching and illegal horn trade has increased in South Africa even with new measures against it.Adding to the problem, poachers today are more skilled at killing rhinos, and not only with guns. They also use quieter methods, like veterinary drugs, poison and crossbows.An international agreement on protecting endangered animals and plants provides for sport hunting of white rhinos in Africa. But the horns often enter illegal markets.Not all the news is bad, however. The report notes that rhino populations are increasing in some areas. These include both white rhinos and black rhinos in the wild in Africa.Africa had an estimated seventeen thousand white rhinos and four thousand black rhinos as of two years ago. Current estimates for Asia are around three thousand rhinos. But even with poaching, growth is reported in some areas of India and Nepal.Wildlife activists are urging governments to do more to fight rhino poaching.The report was presented to the organization known as CITES. CITES is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The next conference of countries that are parties to the agreement is in March in Doha, Qatar.009. Looking for New Ways to Fight MalariaThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Scientists continue to seek better weapons against malaria. Each year the number of cases is in the hundreds of millions worldwide. Around a million people die, most of them in Africa. Economic losses from the disease amount to an estimated one percent of the African economy each year.George Dimopoulos is an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "Forty-two percent of the earth's population live in areas where malaria transmitting mosquitoes exist. All of these people are in risk of being infected with malaria. The sad thing is that the majority of people that are killed by malaria are children because there immune system is not strong enough to ward off this infection."Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium. The organism is injected into peoplethrough the bite of infected mosquitoes. Malaria can be treated, but in many areas the parasites have become resistant to different drugs.George Dimopoulos and his team are studying ways to make mosquitoes resist infection by the parasite. There are hundreds of kinds of mosquitoes in the world. Most do not spread malaria. Some have immune systems that kill Plasmodium.GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "We are particularly interested in these type of immune reactions that are responsible for killing the malaria parasite. Because we think once we understand how they work, we could be able to manipulate the mosquito genetically and convert mosquitoes that can transmit malaria into mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria."The researchers have developed a way to make genetic changes in the three mosquito species known to spread malaria. The changes cause their systems to attack the parasite, blocking its development. Other researchers are working on ways to spread these genetically modified insects among mosquito populations.Professor Dimopoulos says there is still a long way to go, but current malaria research is highly promising.A new vaccine is in final testing. So far it has proven effective at preventing the disease in half of those vaccinated -- which is more than ever before.And at the Malaria Institute at Macha in Zambia, researchers are developing an easier way to identify malaria. The test uses saliva instead of blood to diagnose the infection.Current efforts in malaria control are mainly based on the use of insecticide sprays and treated bed nets. But George Dimopoulos says malaria needs to be attacked with drugs, with vaccines, with bed nets -- with whatever researchers can find.GEORGE DIMOPOULOS: "Malaria needs to be attacked with multiple weapons. There is not one magic bullet to control this disease."010. Some Tips for Cold Storage of FoodsThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Before refrigerators were invented, the next best thing was an ice box. But another way to keep food fresh is to use an evaporative cooler. A common design is a tall box with several shelves inside to hold the food. The shelves are pieces of metal with many small holes through them. The sides of the box are covered with pieces of thick cloth.Containers of water are placed at the top and bottom of the cooler. The ends of each piece of cloth lie in the water so the cloth stays wet.The cooler is put outdoors, but not in the sun. Air will pass through the wet cloth. The inside of the box will stay several degrees cooler than the outside air temperature. And this may be cool enough to keep foods fresh, at least for a short time.Some foods can make you sick if they are stored in conditions that are not cold enough to prevent the growth of harmful organisms. Freezing can keep some foods in good condition for months after the growing season. Yet foods can be damaged if they are kept too cold.The British development group Practical Action says the best way to prepare foods for storage is at harvest time while still in the field.Use a sharp knife and place the harvested items on a clean surface or directly into storagecontainers. Do not put them on the ground.Use clean water to remove dirt, and keep the water clean. Usually it is better not to remove outer leaves from fruits and vegetables before storage. Without the leaves, food can become dry.Fruits and vegetables must be cool from field heat before they are put into storage. But cooling them in water can spread fungus throughout the food. A better idea is to harvest foods either early or late in the day, then leave them to cool naturally.Some fruits and vegetables must be stored at zero to four degrees Celsius. Any colder, and they might be damaged. Some foods need to be stored at four to eight degrees, and some need to be stored above eight degrees for best results.Wet the fruits and vegetables so they do not become too dry. The best time to do this is before storage. Cover the items in plastic once they reach the right "critical temperature" for storage. Most fruits and vegetables need the relative humidity in storage to be kept between eighty-five and ninety-five percent.Finally, leave space between the food containers and the walls of the cold storage area so air can flow. Keep the space clean. And try not to open the doors too often.011. Results of UN Food Summit Seen as DisappointingThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Last week, the United Nations held a World Summit on Food Security. But the three-day meeting in Rome produced only limited measures to fight rising hunger. The U.N. World Food Program says more than a billion people -- one in six worldwide -- do not get enough food to be healthy.The troubled world economy is not the only cause of recent increases. The poorest countries continue to face high food prices, which have fallen elsewhere. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization says more than thirty nations continue to need emergency food assistance.Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said the food crisis has forced millions of families into poverty and hunger. He said six million children die of hunger every year. And he warned that food security is closely connected to the issue of climate change.BAN KI-MOON: "At a time when the global population is growing, our global climate is changing. By twenty fifty we will need to grow seventy percent more food. Yet weather is becoming more extreme and unpredictable."The delegates in Rome promised to continue efforts to reduce by half the number of hungry people by two thousand fifteen. But critics pointed out that world leaders made a similar promise more than ten years ago.Several countries promised to increase aid for agriculture, to help developing nations become more independent.Still, critics deplored a lack of greater action. Leaders from more than sixty countries were in Rome. But Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was the only leader from a major industrial nation in the Group of Eight. An official from Kenya, Adam Barre Duale, said it showed a lack of unity in the fight against hunger.ADAM BARRE DUALE: "We need both the developed world and the developing countries to come together and to give and support a global initiative in the war against hunger."The Food and Agriculture Organization says more than forty billion dollars a year needs to be invested in agriculture to defeat world hunger. The growing problem has affected developing countries, but also industrialized nations.The government estimates that forty-nine million people in the United States were "food insecure" last year. That means their households, at some time during the year, had difficulty providing enough food for all members because of a lack of resources. Almost fifteen percent of all households were in that situation. And the Agriculture Department says the numbers may be even higher this year.012. Project Finds New Homes for Unwanted Bikes From USThis is the VOA Special English Development Report.Americans bought an estimated eighteen and a half million bicycles last year. Some bikes never get much riding. Mostly they gather dust. But a project based in Washington is putting unwanted bikes from the United States to good use in developing countries.Keith Oberg is the director of Bikes for the World.KEITH OBERG: "Everybody has an old bicycle, and it is usually not ridden. It sits there in the garage, or basement or shed, going to waste."Stephen Popick recently had two bikes to donate.STEPHEN POPICK: "I brought in two mountain bikes that my wife and I have ridden for the past ten years. My bikes wouldn't fetch a nice price and wouldn't be worth trying to sell, but they could be useful to somebody else."Bikes for the World collects bicycles and delivers them at low cost to community programs in developing countries. It shipped more than five thousand bikes during the first eight months of this year. Last year it shipped about ten thousand three hundred.The bicycle recycling program is one of the largest in the United States. It is a sponsored project of the Washington Area Bicyclist Association.Bikes for the World began in two thousand five. Since then it has shipped more than forty thousand bikes to communities in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, says director Keith Oberg.KEITH OBERG: "We work currently with partners in seven countries actively -- in Uganda, Ghana. We're talking to an organization that we would like to ship to in Liberia. We have shipped to Namibia and the Gambia in the past. And in Central America we ship to Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, and we are talking to two organizations in El Salvador."Bikes for the World partners with nonprofit groups in the United States to collect unwanted bikes. Then it works with nonprofits in the other countries to get the bikes to organizations and individuals that need them the most.For example, the Bicycle Empowerment Network Namibia uses the bikes to provide transportation for health workers. That makes it possible for them to visit more patients each day. The organization also has bicycle ambulance services to transport the sick.The Bicycle Empowerment Network also provides training and support to help local。
高考英语听力理解新闻报道理解练习题30题
高考英语听力理解新闻报道理解练习题30题1. What is the main topic of the news report?A. A sports event.B. A scientific discovery.C. A political event.D. An environmental issue.答案：C。
解析：听力中提到了政治方面的内容，A 选项体育事件、B 选项科学发现、D 选项环境问题在听力中均未提及。
2. According to the news report, where did the event take place?A. In a city.B. In a town.C. In a village.D. In a country.答案：A。
解析：听力中有明确提到某个城市，B 选项小镇、C 选项村庄、D 选项国家在听力中均未涉及。
3. Who is mentioned as the main person in the news report?A. A politician.B. A scientist.C. An artist.D. A athlete.答案：A。
解析：听力围绕一位政治人物展开，B 选项科学家、C 选项艺术家、D 选项运动员在听力中未被提及。
4. What action is being taken according to the news report?A. Building a new school.B. Opening a new hospital.C. Passing a new law.D. Organizing a sports event.答案：C。
解析：听力中提到通过一项新法律，A 选项建学校、B 选项开新医院、D 选项组织体育活动在听力中未出现。
5. What is the result of the event mentioned in the news report?A. People are happy.B. People are angry.C. People are surprised.D. People are worried.答案：A。
高二英语下册单元复习考试题11
满分（120）一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. —So you missed Mr. Brown’s lecture.—_____. I got there six minutes before it was over.A. Not at allB. Not exactlyC. Not especiallyD. Not really2. Nobody will _____ you if they see you will do no good to them.A. vote againstB. vote onC. vote withD. vote for3. The son was put in _____ prison. His old father goes to _____ prison to see him twice a year.A. 不填；theB. the; theC. 不填；不填D. the; 不填4. They demanded the persons who had sold the state secrets _______ at once.A. should arrestB. would arrestC. be arrestedD. to be arrested5. Zhang Yimou will _______ Steven Spielberg in designing the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. benefit fromB. catch up withC. join hands withD. break away from6. If you choose to consume alcohol in any form, you _______ in most parts of the world.A. forbid drivingB. forbid to driveC. are forbidden drivingD. are forbidden to drive7. Allowing workers to dress _______ they please is increasing steadily.A. asB. ifC. likeD. what8. The sudden heavy snow _______ too many flowers in the garden.A. woundedB. shotC. killedD. murdered9. Today CCTV offers a great _______ of programs to meet the different needs and tastes.A. speciesB. varietyC. amountD. deal10. We must make sure that all citizens enjoy an equal right to education, _____ sex.A. instead ofB. no matterC. rather thanD. regardless of11. In front of the church was a tall tree, its top _______ the other trees.A. much tall thanB. was much taller thanC. well above those ofD. was well above those of12. The music _______ more beautiful when it was played on the piano by the musician himself.A. soundsB. soundedC. was soundedD. is sounded13. Because I had a computer of my own, I _______ anything I wanted on it.A. was free to doB. was freely doingC. could free doD. was free of doing14. Can you _______ another person in the back seat?A. fitB. fit inC. fit in withD. fit into15. The Chinese have been independently developing rockets for more than 30 years, _______they have experienced many successes and failures.A. during that timeB. in whose timeC. in this timeD. during which time二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Once upon a time, there was an island on which lived Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge, and all the rest of it, including Love. One day word 16 that the island would sink, so 17 constructed boats and left, except for Love.Love was the only one who stayed. Love 18 to hold out until the last possible moment. When the island had almost 19 , Love decided to ask for 20 . Richness was passing by Love in a grand boat. Love said, “Richness, can you 21 me with you?” Richness answered, “No, I can’t. There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat. There is 22 place here for you.”Love 23 to ask Vanity(虚荣) who was 24 passing by in a beautiful ship. “Vanity, please help me!”“I can’t help you. Love. You are all wet and might 25 my boat.” Vanity answered.Sadness was close by so Love 26 , “Sadness, let me go with you.”“Oh, Love, I’m so 27 that I need to be by myself.”Happiness passed by Love, too, but she was so happy that she didn’t28 hear when Love called her.29 , there was a voice. “Come, Love, I will take you.” It was a(n)30 . Love even forgot to ask him 31 they were going. When they arrived at dry land, the elder went her own way.Realizing how much was 32 to the elder, Love asked Knowledge, another elder, “Who helped me?”“It was 33 .” Knowledge answered.“Time?” asked Love, “ 34 why did Time help me?”Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, “Because only Time is able to understand how 35 Love is.”16. A. got around B. cut in C. broke away D. went away17. A. some B. all C. nobody D. both18. A. regretted B. agreed C. wanted D. preferred19. A. disappeared B. ruined C. flooded D. sunk20. A. information B. fortune C. help D. advice21. A. take B. mix C. supply D. share22. A. much B. no C. some D. little23. A. promised B. managed C. stopped D. decided24. A. also B. yet C. ever D. either25. A. use B. damage C. fix D. honor26. A. responded B. invited C. asked D. shouted27. A. lovely B. lucky C. happy D. sad28. A. hardly B. even C. rather D. simply29. A. Suddenly B. Unluckily C. Especially D. Accidentally30. A. police B. elder C. woman D. youngster31. A. where B. why C. how D. when32. A. fastened B. puzzled C. owed D. paid33. A. Richness B. Knowledge C. Time D. Love34. A. Though B. So C. But D. And35. A. cheap B. worth C. costless D. valuable三、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AThe holidays are coming! And we all know what that means...it’s that time of year when malls, stores, restaurants, streets, and freeways are busier and crazier than ever. This holiday season, while you’re out shopping and running around, why not go out of your way to say hello to the hotel cleaning person, the flight attendant, the restaurant busperson, the hotel clerk, the garbage collector, the gardener...?A wonderful storyteller by the name of C. W. Metcalf told of a man in the airport who was verbally abusing（辱骂）an airline ticketing agent. Thetraveler had missed his flight due to mechanical difficulties and was being loud, aggressive, and just plain mean to the poor ticketing agent, who obviously had no control over the plane’s condition. Metcalf went up to the abusive man and asked, “Can I have your autograph?” When the man, puzzled, asked, “Why do you want my autograph?” Metcalf responded, “Because I’ve never met the center of the universe before!”I once had one of those awful flying experiences where flight after flight was delayed. What should have been a three-hour flight turned into a fifteen-hour, multiple-city, exhausting nightmare, causing me to miss meetings in my intended city. At 3 A.M., by the time I was finally within thirty minutes of landing at my destination airport, I suddenly smelled something wonderful: the flight attendants were baking chocolate chip cookies! That sweet, comforting aroma filled the airline cabin, and our small group of 20 passengers waited with anticipation as the flight attendants made their way down the aisle, handing each of us a warm cookie. I instantly abandoned my plans for an enraged（愤怒的）letter-writing campaign against the airline and was effortlessly relieved of all my anger and exhaustion-all by one soft, freshly baked cookie.36. The purpose of the writer is to tell us to _____.A. bring the spirit of humanity into the holiday seasonB. pay respect to those who provide service for usC. keep calm to fully enjoy our holiday seasonD. prepare for whatever difficulites we meet in the holiday season37. Why did Metcalf ask for the traveller’s auto-graph?A. To teach the traveller a good lesson.B. To give the traveller some comfort.C. To make the traveller realize that he was too self-centered.D. To make peace between the traveller and the airline ticketing agent.38. Before the writer was given the warm cookie, he ____.A. was quite hungryB. was very angryC. was terrified from his nightmareD. was eager to go home39. The last paragraph implies that _____.A. understanding is the key to solving conflictsB. there could be nothing better in serving the customersC. forgiveness works better than complaintsD. good service and consideration can help solve the problems40. The writer of the passage would probably agree that _____.A. it’s quite natural for one to get angry in a busy holiday seasonB. it’s necessary to show our appreciatio n of the service we receiveC. those in service should put the interest of the customers above anything elseD. we shouldn’t make a complaint unless we have enough evidenceBIn 1985, a geography researcher called Atsumu Ohmura at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology got the shock of his life. As part of his studies into climate and atmospheric radiation, Ohmura was checking levels of sunlight recorded around Europe when he made an astonishing discovery. Compared to similar measurements recorded by his predecessors（前辈）in the 1960s, Ohmura’s results suggested that levels of solar radiation striking the Earth’s surface had declined by more than 10% in three decades. Sunshine, it seemed, was on the way out.The finding went against all scientific thinking. When Ohmura eventually published his discovery in 1989 the science world was distinctly unimpressed（未被打动的）. “It was ignored,” he says.It turns out that Ohmura was the first to document a dramatic effect that scientists are now calling “global dimming”. Records show that over the past 50 years the average amount of sunlight reaching the ground has gone down by almost 3% a decade. It’s too small an effect to see with the naked eye, but it has implications for everything from climate change to solar power and even the future sustainability of plant photosynthesis(光合作用).Although Ohmura was the first to report global dimming, he wasn’t alone. In fact, the scientific record now shows several other research papers published during the 1990s on the subject, all finding that light levels were falling significantly. Among them they reported that sunshine inIreland was on the wane（日益衰落）, that both the Arctic and the Antarctic were getting darker and that light in Japan, the supposed land of the rising sun, was actually falling.But what causes global dimming? The few experts who have studied the effect believe it’s down to air pollution. Tiny particles of soot(煤烟) or chemical compounds like sulphates reflect sunlight and they also promote the formation of bigger, longer lasting clouds.“The cloudy times are getting darker,” says Cohen, at the V olcani Centre. “If it’s cloudy then it’s darker, but when it’s sunny things haven’t changed much.”41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Goodbye, sunshine!B. The shock of lifeC. An ignored questionD. Atsumu Ohmura and his discovery42. When Atsumu Ohmura made the discovery known, the other scientists _____.A. were greatly shockedB. accepted it in timeC. didn’t take it seriouslyD. were encouraged to do more research on it43. The fourth paragraph mainly intends to _____.A. analyse（分析）which part of the world is most affected by globaldimmingB. provide further evidence for Ohmura’s dis-coveryC. report the continuous effect of global dimmingD. show the support given by other scientists to Ohmura44. According to the passage, since 1985, the average amount of sunlight reaching theground has gone down by about _____.A. 3%B. 7%C. 15%D. 20%45. Scientists believe that global dimming is due to _____.A. climate changeB. solar activityC. formation of cloudsD. human activityCGirls like writing and reading; boys like math and science. At least that’s the old idea many people have. But a new survey shows that girls in elementary school actually like math and science better than language arts.Researchers at the University of Miami in Ohio surveyed nearly 2,000 girls in grades 4 through 8 at twenty schools and had them rate their enjoyment of four subjects: science, math, language arts and social studies, on a scale（等级）of 1 (strongly dislike) to 5 (really like). Fourth-grade girls clearly liked science the best; their average enjoyment levels were:● 4.11 for science● 3.85 for math● 3.5 for language arts● 3.49 for socia l studiesAs girls get older though, they seem to like science and math less, with science’s average likeability score falling to 3.29 for girls in 8th grade. But these subjects aren’t alone, as girls seemed to lose a little interest in every subject. Like ability for social studies fell to 2.91 for 8th graders. “It doesn’t seem like girls are losing interest in science and mathematics any more than they lose interest in other subjects,” said study team member Jennifer Blue, a physics professor at Miami.Just why girls lose interest in all these subjects is something researchers haven’t worked out. But the good news, they say, is that girls regain some of their interest in science in college—Miami, for example, has more female botany, microbiology（微生物学）and zoology majors than male majors.46. It’s commonly believed that ______.A. boys are more intelligent than girlsB. boys are more interested in math and science than girlsC. boys and girls like math and scienceD. boys and girls like math and science better than language arts47. The survey was carried out among ______.A. primary school girl studentsB. high school girl studentsC. five gradesD. twenty colleges48. According to the survey result, which subject are fourth-grade girls least interested in?A. Science.B. Math.C. Language arts.D. Social studies.49. Researchers at the University of Miami found in their survey that girls seem to ______.A. be less interested in their studies as they get olderB. regain some of their interest in science as they get olderC. like science better than social studies as they get olderD. like writing and reading better than boys as they get older50. It can be inferred that the researchers at the University of Miami are trying to find out ______.A. the ways to help girls regain their interest in scienceB. the causes why girls lose interest in almost every subjectC. why more female college students are interested in scienceD. why young girls like science better than language artsDMary Schaefer has always been interested in how the human element plays out in what, and how, things get done in the workplace. Mary’s belief is that organizations are composed of unique human beings requiring individual attention in order to make the most of what they cancontribute to an organization, and at the same time meet their own specific needs for meaningful work. She formed her company, Artemis Path, to help managers and employees see how they can get more from themselves and each other by working with what makes us human beings—an unexpected resourcefulness and energy that can only come from a respectful and co-operative work environment.Having started as a computer systems analyst, over time she noticed that she was more interested in how people reacted to changing job expectations and a changing work environment, how people reacted to learning new skills, and how to overcome the obstacles to that.As she started pursuing a career in Human Resources and a Master’s in HR, Mary was chosen for several work assignments that allowed her to try out her vision for how people can be more positively engaged in the workplace. She took an active role in leading hundreds of survivors of corporate downsizing to see how they could make positive choices moving forward, rather than be overwhelmed by constant job insecurity. While leading a manufacturing project team made up of several shop-floor employees, Mary worked with every person on her team on their skill-development needs. In just a few years, several were promoted and were able to significantly expand their career possibilities. Mary was recognized for this and more with an award for being a “champion of human potential”.51. Mary Schaefer formed her company Artemis Path to ______.A. help managers employ workersB. develop human resourcesC. solve the problems in the workplaceD. meet people’s needs for meaningful work52. Speaking of work efficiency, Mary Schaefer thinks highly of ______.A. natural environmentB. managers’ role in the teamC. spirit of respect and cooperationD. individual attention53. The underlined word “overwhelm” in Para. 3 is the nearest in meaning to _____.A. defeatB. frightenC. satisfyD. ruin54. In her work, Mary tried to work out the following EXCEPT ______.A. how people reacted to changing job expectationsB. how people reacted to a changing work environmentC. how people get individual attentionD. how people can be more positively engaged in the workplace55. Why did Mary get the title of “champion of human potential”?A. Because she paid attention to the workers’ needs.B. Because she was very successful as a businesswoman.C. Because she treated her employees kindly.D. Because she developed the employees’ potential greatly.四、书面表达（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读表达(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)Japanese officials are struggling to prevent the spread of mad cow disease. Japan’s first case of mad cow was reported in September. The Agriculture Ministry confirmed last month that second cow was infected. Japan is the only country in Asia where mad cow disease is known to have spread. The disease is officially known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis,or BSE.It causes holes in the brains. Cows act strangely before they die. So it is called mad cow disease.Scientists believe cows get the disease by eatine food made form infected animals. Since September, Janpan has banned imports and use of feed made form animal remains. Recently, the Agriculture Ministry announced plans to destroy abort five thousand cows that may have been given the feed.Sales of Japanese beef products have dropped sharply in the past three months. Since Octoter, Japanese officials have tested all cows that are killed for their meat. Some scientists question the testing. They say the disease often cannot be identified in young animals.Scientists say it’s horrible to eat infected meat that may cause a similar brain disease in humans. It cannot be cured.Questions:56. What is mad cow disease officially called?57. How many cases of mad cow disease were reported in Japanaccording to the report?58. How do cows get the disease?59. Name just one of the measures that have been taken by Japan to prevent the spread of mad cow disease.60. Why do some scientists doubt the testing done by Japanese officials on the been products?第二节书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，你家最近乔迁新居，所以想写信将新居的情况告诉你的美国笔友Peter，并请他下次来中国时住你家。
the sustainable development goals report
the sustainable developmentgoals reportThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals established by the United Nationsin 2015 to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change and peace. The goals are a roadmap for a sustainable future, and are designed to ensure that no one is left behindin the progress towards global development.The Sustainable Development Goals Report is a document produced by the United Nations that tracks global progress towards achieving the SDGs. The report is released every year, and provides an overview of the successes and challenges of the previous year, as well as identifying areas where more progress is needed.The 2021 Sustainable Development Goals Report highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the progress towards achieving the SDGs. The report notes that the pandemic has caused significant setbacks in the progress towards the goals,particularly in areas such as poverty, education, and health. The report states that the pandemic has pushed an additional 120 million people into extreme poverty, and has disrupted education for over 1.6 billion students worldwide.Despite these setbacks, the report also highlights areas of progress. The report notes that significant progress has been made towards reducing maternal and child mortality rates, and that the number of people without access to electricity has continued to decline. The report also notes that progress has been made towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although more action is needed to meet global climate targets.The report also highlights the importance of partnerships in achieving the SDGs. The report notes that progress towards the SDGs can only be achieved through collaborative action across all sectors and stakeholders, including governments, civil society, and the private sector. The report calls for increased investment in sustainabledevelopment and for the establishment of effective partnerships to achieve the SDGs.The Sustainable Development Goals Report is an important document that provides an overview of global progress towards achieving the SDGs. The report highlights the successes and challenges of the previous year, and identifies areas where more progress is needed. The report also emphasizes the importance of partnerships in achieving the SDGs, and calls for increased investment in sustainable development. The SDGs are a roadmap for a sustainable future, and the Sustainable Development Goals Report plays a critical role in tracking progress towards this goal.。
Unit 5 课时综合复习(1)--高中英语外研版(2019版)选择性必修第二册
Unil5课时综合复习1选择性必修二外研版（2019版）选词填空fail to do, in harmony wilh, develop an appetile for, once and for all, owe it 2 sb.to do 1. For decades, we have dedicated ourselves to building a society nature. 2. I you _ get the opportunity to collaborate with that big company.3.The incident showed that the problems needed to be settled .4.He helped me tackle the tricky problem, and words express how grateful I was to him.5.. What made us amazed was that these girls from AfricaSichuan cuisine.课文语法填空Macquarie Island takes on a long, thin shape, I. is because of strong winds and 2.(stonn)seas.lt is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Ils native inhabitants existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.In 1810 > humans arrived on the island with rats and mice unknowingly.These animals quickly took over the island, 3.(bring) disasters to birds.Unfortunately, cats 4.(intend) to control rats and mice developed an appetite for birds, ter, rabbits 5.(introduce) but they led to greater damage to (he island.Experts came up with a plan to release a virus 6.(kill) the rabbits, but afterwards, they developed an immunity 7._ the virus, and their 8.(number) exploded once again.This incident made 9._ clear that the rat»mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.I am here to tackle this problem.I brought trained dogs to remove the last 10. (remain) invading species.I think we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 长难句理解Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.此句是,主句是nor位于句首的_句，how引导,作imagine的_。
英文版实践报告的题目英语
英文版实践报告的题目英语Internship Report.Introduction.My internship at [Company Name] provided me with an invaluable opportunity to apply my knowledge and skills in a professional setting. I worked under the supervision of [Supervisor's Name], who mentored me throughout my experience. The internship duration spanned from [Start Date] to [End Date].Duties and Responsibilities.During my internship, I was responsible for a wide range of tasks, including:Assisting with project research and data analysis.Contributing to the development of project plans andproposals.Supporting the team with administrative and logistical tasks.Participating in client meetings and presentations.Conducting market research and industry analysis.Developing and implementing marketing campaigns.Learning Outcomes.Throughout my internship, I gained a comprehensive understanding of the following areas:Industry Knowledge: I acquired in-depth insights into the [Industry Name] industry, its key players, and market trends.Project Management: I learned the fundamentals of project management, including planning, execution, andevaluation.Data Analysis: I developed strong data analysis skills, using tools such as SQL and Excel to extract actionable insights.Marketing Communications: I gained experience in developing and executing marketing campaigns across various channels.Client Relations: I honed my communication and interpersonal skills by interacting with clients and managing their expectations.Contributions.I am proud to have made significant contributions tothe team during my internship. My notable accomplishments include:Research and Analysis: Conducted comprehensive market research and data analysis, which informed projectdecisions and戦略。
扫黑除恶政策必要英语演讲
扫黑除恶政策必要英语演讲In recent days,the Tangshan barbecue shop incident has shocked the people across the country,peace is gold,safety is a blessing,black evil forces is a social cancer,the people hate.Reform has entered a deep-water zone and a critical period,and development faces multiple challenges,such as interwoven problems and increasing risks.The people's growing demand for safeguarding and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests grows,and their pursuit of fairness and justice is even stronger.It is urgent to eliminate the threats and disturbances of the evil forces to the people.From this point of view,the special campaign against criminal gangs and evil bears on social stability,long-term national stability,popular support,and the consolidation of community-level political power.Improve awareness,conduction pressure,compaction responsibility——tightly hold the supervision work of the"steering wheel"grasp iron mark,stepping stone to leave a mark.The central supervision group has always placed political supervision in the first place.We will encourage local governments to carry out the special campaign against criminalgangs and evil as a political test to enhance the"four consciousness"and practice the"two maintenance",and effectively improve their ideological understanding,strengthen their political responsibility,and implement their political responsibility.In view of the phenomenon that some local party committees and governments are mainly responsible for"only taking charge but not going to war",the central supervision group suggested that restudy and retraining should be organized to effectively improve their ideological understanding and ensure that the responsibilities are fully implemented.Leading officials who still hold themselves accountable,act,and have opinions from the public,should be held accountable and adjusted in a timely manner.——to the masses,in the middle of the central steering group,the leaders of the city and county leaders and the police,some hold the symposium to hear the case report,found a number of typical problems;some take the"clue first,bottom-up"way,directly to the bottom",face to face with the masses,and effectively solve the"hot and cold","outside hot and inside cold"problem.The crackdown on criminal gangs and evil has effectively enhanced the people's sense of happiness,gain and security.Wherever it went,the centralsupervision group won the trust of the people with practical actions,and also received warm support and sincere trust from the people."After removing a number of black and evil elements and the'protection umbrella',all the people applauded,feeling very proud and very happy.”——will never let the"network"leakage network"umbrella"by"protection"iron face discipline enforcement,serious accountability,grasp to the end.Improve the clue verification mechanism,Never let a valuable clue"sink down",Strictly implement the protection measures for informants,Resolutely avoid the retaliation of the disclosure of information;Improve the mechanism of joint point contracting case,Behind the"umbrella"and"network"did not find out let,The corruption behind it,Do not investigate the problem of dereliction of duty,When necessary,the discipline inspection and supervision,organization,political and legal departments shall send working groups for joint investigation;We will improve the internal cleaning mechanism of political and legal organs,Dare to"turn the blade inward",Resolutely remove the black sheep;Promoted by the central supervision group,Local governments continue to combine the fight against criminal evil with the fight against corruption and the"fly slapping"at the grassroots level,Makesure to sweep it.。
有关脱贫攻坚战的英语作文
有关脱贫攻坚战的英语作文Title: The Battle Against Poverty: China's Endeavor。
In the realm of socio-economic development, few endeavors are as critical as the battle against poverty. Over the past decades, China has undertaken a monumental campaign known as "poverty alleviation" or "脱贫攻坚战." This mission has not only transformed the lives of millions but also serves as a beacon of hope and inspiration worldwide.Firstly, it's imperative to understand the magnitude of the challenge China faced. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, China grappled with a significant portion living below the poverty line. This not only hindered individual prosperity but also impeded national progress. Thus, the Chinese government, under the leadership of the Communist Party, launched an ambitious campaign to eradicate poverty comprehensively.One of the cornerstones of China's poverty alleviation strategy is targeted measures. Unlike a one-size-fits-all approach, China recognized the diverse nature of poverty across its vast landscape. Therefore, tailored solutions were crafted based on the unique circumstances of each region and community. This approach ensured resources were efficiently allocated where they were most needed, maximizing impact.Education played a pivotal role in breaking the cycle of poverty. China invested heavily in educational infrastructure, ensuring access to quality schooling even in remote areas. By equipping individuals with knowledge and skills, they were empowered to pursue better opportunities, thus transcending the limitations of their circumstances. Additionally, educational initiatives instilled a sense of aspiration and ambition, fostering a mindset of progress and development.Economic empowerment formed another crucial aspect of China's anti-poverty crusade. The government implemented various measures to stimulate economic growth inimpoverished regions, ranging from infrastructural development to incentivizing entrepreneurship. By creating conducive environments for business and investment, China unlocked the potential for sustainable economic prosperity, lifting entire communities out of poverty.Social welfare programs served as a safety net, providing essential support to those in need. From healthcare subsidies to social insurance schemes, these initiatives ensured that no one was left behind in China's pursuit of prosperity. Moreover, such programs bolstered social cohesion and solidarity, fostering a sense of collective responsibility towards uplifting the disadvantaged.Furthermore, technology emerged as a potent tool in the fight against poverty. China leveraged advancements in digital technology to enhance efficiency and transparencyin poverty alleviation efforts. Big data analytics,artificial intelligence, and mobile applications were employed to streamline processes, optimize resource allocation, and monitor progress in real-time. This tech-driven approach revolutionized the efficacy of poverty alleviation initiatives, making them more targeted, responsive, and accountable.China's success in eradicating extreme poverty serves as a testament to the power of visionary leadership, strategic planning, and unwavering determination. However, the battle against poverty is not yet over. China remains committed to addressing the root causes of poverty, promoting inclusive development, and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.In conclusion, China's "脱贫攻坚战" exemplifies a holistic and multi-dimensional approach to poverty alleviation. By addressing the underlying factors contributing to poverty, investing in human capital, fostering economic empowerment, and leveraging technological innovation, China has made remarkable strides towards building a more equitable and prosperous society. As the world continues its own fight against poverty, China's experience offers invaluable lessons andinspiration for global efforts towards a more just and sustainable future.。
有关光盘行动的英文作文
有关光盘行动的英文作文The Campaign Against Pirated CDs。
In recent years, the problem of pirated CDs has become more and more serious. Pirated CDs not only infringe on the intellectual property rights of artists and record companies, but also harm the interests of consumers. Therefore, the government has launched a campaign against pirated CDs.The campaign against pirated CDs is an important measure to protect intellectual property rights and promote the development of the cultural industry. The governmenthas taken a series of measures to crack down on pirated CDs. First, it has strengthened law enforcement and cracked down on illegal production and distribution of pirated CDs. Second, it has raised public awareness of the importance of intellectual property rights and the harm caused by pirated CDs. Third, it has encouraged the development of legalmusic download services and promoted the use of legitimateCDs.The campaign against pirated CDs has achievedremarkable results. The number of pirated CDs has decreased significantly and the market for legal CDs has expanded. Consumers have also become more aware of the importance of intellectual property rights and are more willing to buy legitimate CDs. The development of legal music download services has provided consumers with more choices and convenience.However, there are still some challenges in the campaign against pirated CDs. First, the production and distribution of pirated CDs are still rampant in some areas. Second, some consumers still have the habit of buyingpirated CDs because of the low price. Third, the development of legal music download services still faces some obstacles, such as copyright issues and technical problems.To overcome these challenges, the government needs to continue to strengthen law enforcement and crack down onillegal production and distribution of pirated CDs. It also needs to promote the development of legal music download services and provide more incentives for consumers to buy legitimate CDs. In addition, it needs to work with other countries to combat transnational piracy and protect intellectual property rights on a global scale.In conclusion, the campaign against pirated CDs is a long-term and arduous task. However, with the joint efforts of the government, artists, record companies, and consumers, we can build a healthy and prosperous cultural market and protect intellectual property rights.。
付老师博客内容
第三段】A: 风尚支持?长远看法（惠及当下与未来）（惠及自身与他人）（惠及我们与后代）（自己愿参与其中）As to attitude towards …, almost every of us cling to the idea that …is elevating to the overall development of the whole society. Actually, this escalating effect will not last for merely several years. As this virtue of …is an asset of our nation, we are willing to hand it over from one individual to another, from one decade to another, and from one generation to another.B: 修养他人帮助（外在）?自我救赎（内在）EncouragementInstructionAdvicesSuggestionFrist aidAwarenessDeterminationSelf-disciplineHow to step out of the shadow? The vast majority hold that the best policy is to consult to an expert or senior when ……That is a way, but advices or suggestions from them are not necessarily suitable to …. Even worse, these instructions are not always available anytime. In fact, a feasible approach is as follows: to weigh the negatives and positives of each choice, to make sure of the sole purpose, to make a decision conforming to the needs, and to beprepared for any side-effects.C：弊病外在约束：1. Corresponding laws and regulations should be laid out …..2. (school regulations)3. Legal restriction…..4. Fines and punishments should be put into practice…..5. Governmental intervention should be cast upon ……6. Media supervision should be cast on ….7. Activities should be organized to endow the public that …….8. Campaign against …should be launched to …..内在约束：The awareness of …should be cultivated among …..The value of ….should be brought home to ……The harm of ….should deeply rooted in the mind of …..The ability of self-discipline over …should be nurtured among …..版本一“一揽子计划”Package dealCoordinate programsComprehensive programsThe combination of A, B, and CThis problem of …can be put under control only with the combination of A, B, and, more than anything , C. Currently, A and B have been put into practice, with fruitful rewards. However, were there general awareness of C, we would solve this problem of …fundamentally.版本二“一揽子计划”As to countermeasures to this problem of …, it occurs to many that A and B can be counted as a package deal. But are they comprehensive enough to put this delinquency to an end. Actually, they are just passive ways! What we really need is some innermost changes, C. Were there the general awareness that ……, this mis-conduct will be away from us.【第二段】It is accepted by most average people that no other groups can be more honest than college students. But is that the case anymore? Cases to criticise this improper view are within easy reach. From the point of college examinations alone, haven’t you ever seen some candidates deliving notes or making gestures during the exams? Or, haven’t you ever noticed that some of them take advantage of mobilphones to forward keys? Obviously, an increasing number ofyoungsters, either for fierce conpetetion or because of their own laziness, no longer cherish the virtue of honesty. Conceived in this cartoon is a motto that no one can shrug off: “to take care of our environment is to tend ourselves and our descendants”.In other words, as natual resources are actually limited, we are supposed to exploit sensibly / reasonably for our long-term benefit.However, conducts / acts against this principle are prevailing. It is not unfamiliar that some folks shoot wild animals for fun, cook them for food, and sell them for profit. It is also not uncommon to see some guysover-mining with geographic disasters recurring. Therefore, the common sense should be born in mind by every that never sacrifice long term benefit for temporary satisfaction.What does this cartoon convey? Obviously, it renders us with the notion that what we do with the nature is to be answerd for. Any examples? Haven’t you ever met some folks over-hunting for huge profit, with some species endangered? Haven’t you ever found some enterprises letting out polluted water, threatening the fishery industry and eco-balance along rivers, lakes and even oceans? Where have their insight gone? Where have their wisdom gone? Where have their sense of social responsibility gone? Aren’t they swallowed by their greediness?This motto is born in every mind of us, “better trying than crying”Or, put another way, hesitation, or indecisiveness, is the largest barrier in one’s overall development / nothing else can be such a barrier as hesitation, or indecisiveness, in one’s overall development. Will there be any other cases more convincing than the following ones to illustrate this point? It is not unfamiliar that some students always ponder, after graduation, to hunt a job, to further his education, or to marry a big fish. It is also not uncommon that some white-colars, even if not satisfied with their current, endlessly hesitate, daring not step toware a new one. Indeed, they all should have the awareness that they should not be so pessimistic that count choices –largely opportunities –as predicaments.The extended meaning echoed by this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life: never easily let go of the basic rights of consumers, and any personel in any industry should never shrug off his duty in face of financial rewards. Although this dorctrine is accepted bymost of us, conducts against this pinciple are prevailing. It is not unfamiliar that, for their own benefit, bank clerks persude customers into buying unnecessary money management services, to say nothing of misdeeds among other public servieces. They are so profit-oriented that can sacrifice the benefits and rights of a comsumer, exerting heavy financial pressure and discomfort on him, for their own temporay rewards.(1)This motto is born in every mind of us, “labor shapes human, while mutual assistance shapes human life.”(2)Or, put another way, anyone, without support from others, cannot lead a normal life. (3)Will there be any other cases more convincing than the following ones to illustrate this point? It is not unfamiliar that only with mutual assistance and cooperation did primitive men survive thousands of disasters and delivere their descendants, leaving our ancestors to devope their life of descent quality with mutual assistance and exchange, and eventuall urging us to build a better world with combined effort. (4)Indeed, we all have the awareness that mutual support is the basis of the normal life and a path towards happiness and harmoney.(1)The implied meaning of this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life: …….Conceived in this cartoon is a motto that no one can shrug off: …….Never eazily let go of the simple truth described in this cartoon: ……The simple truth underlying the cartoon had been narrated at least a hundred years before by our ancestors, “……”(2)Simply state it, …..Simply put it, …..In other words, ….That is, …..Or, ……(3)The following cases are familiar, convincing and within easy reach.To illustrate, …..To be specific, …..To name only a few, …….To exemplify it, ……..(4)Indeed, awareness should be cultivated among sb. that ……..Therefore, the common sense should be born in mind by every that ……To conclude, the conciousness / notion / idea / view should be brought home to all of us that ….. Traditionally, people are considered to be selfish. But is that the truth in current world? Cases to criticise this mis-belief are abundant. It is not surprising to see a seat-leander in a bus helping a blind lady or a elder-tender in a hospital treating a paralized granny. It is also not uncommon that the amount of cherity funds has doubled during last 6 months, according to a report in China Daily. Obviously, an increasing number of citizens, motivated by the notion that a harmonious world requires mutual help, are willing to assist others.What does this cartoon imply? Obviously, it endows us with the notion that a harmonious family, community, society, or world requires mutual asisstance among individuals. Any examples? Haven’t you ever met a warm-hearted neighbour keeping taking care of a paralyzed granny next door? Haven’t you ever found most citizens donating part of their incomes for charity? Why are they so generous? Why are they so unselfish? Why are they so warm-hearted? Aren’t they motivated by the idea that every of us may ask for help from time to time, so has the duty to offer assistance when necessary?【第一段】Depicted by this cartoon is an ironic scene that couplet pasted by students mirrores their undesirable attitude toward college examinations. The first line reads “there would be no upgrade without cheating in examinations”, while the second line bears “what they prefer is less dignity than sound scores.”The horizontal scroll summarizes their idea: regardless of the virtue of honesty, they are determined to pass the exams by any means.Emerging from this cartoon is an alarming scene that a bird, holding a gun and hiding out in the bush, is staring at the sky where human beings is soaring. Obviously, he is longing for a day when becomes a hunter shooting people for fun. Actually, what he imagines is what he was exposed to. Under the amuzing appearence of the cartoon lies an alarming scenario: a man, perplexedly and confusedly, is walking back and forth, leaving cricles of footprints but wondering where to go. The caption is reminding him, as well as all of us, that what suffers those pessimistic guys is not so much adversities themselves as too many choices.Have you ever been trapped in a dilemma? If so, you may feel the same sorrow as the a man in the cartoon: perplexedly and confusedly, he is walking back and forth, leaving cricles of footprints but wondering where to go. The caption is reminding him, as well as all of us, that what suffers those pessimistic guys is not so much adversities themselves as too many choices.Under the amuzing appearence of the cartoon lies an inspiring scenario: a Mr. “Help-Provider”is generously offering what he could, while a Mr. “Help-Accepter”is extending his gratitude heart and soul. The caption is reminding them, as well as all of us, that mutual help is the right access to a harmonious world.Depicted by this cartoon is an ironic scenario, that siting in front of a patient, a doctor is explaining, “Out of the consideration of your safty, I rended you an overall treatment, although you just hurt your finger.”It is conspicious that the doctor is excusing himself for his excessive treatment.gear to 调整，使适合get across解释清楚，使人了解get along/on with 进展；相处融洽；生活，过活get around/round（消息）传开get around/round to 找时间做，开始考虑get at 得到，接近；意思是get away 脱离，离开get by 通过，经过get down从…下来；写下get down to 开始，着手get off 从…下来，离开，动身，开始get out of 逃避，改掉get over 克服，（从病中）恢复过来get the better of 占上风，胜过get through 结束，完成；接通电话get up 起床；增加，增强give away 泄漏；分送give back 送还，恢复give in 交上；投降，屈服give off 放出，释放give oneself away泄漏，露马脚give oneself up 自首，投降，投案give way to 给…让路，对…让步；被…代替glance at/over 扫视go after 追求go ahead 开始，前进，领先go along with陪同前往，随行go around/round 足够分配go back on 违背go by 过去go down下降，降低，被载入，传下去go for 竭力取得，喜爱，支持，拥护go in for 从事，致力于，追求，沉迷于go into 进入；研究，调查go off 爆炸，发射；动身，离开go on继续，发生go out 外出，熄灭go over 检查，审查；复习，重温go through 经历，经受；详细检查go under 下沉，沉没；失败，破产go up 上升，增加；建起go with伴随，与…协调go without 没有…也行grab at 抓住，夺得on guard 警惕，防范be guilty of 犯了…的罪，有…的过失be eager for 热切渴望…bring into effect使…生效；使…起作用put into effect 实行，生效come/go into effect 生效，实施take effect 生效；起作用or else 否则，要不然embark on/upon 从事，着手，开始工作be equivalent to 和…等值，等价，相等in essence 大体上，本质上be essential to 对…必要的，必不可少的even then 即使那样；连…都at all events 无论如何in the event of 万一，如果…发生with the exception of 除…之外in excess of 超过exposure to 受到catch one’s eye 引人注目keep an eye on 留意，照看face up to 大胆面对fall back on 求助于，转而依靠fall in with 符合，与…一致；碰见fall out 争吵，结果是fall through 落空，失败find fault 埋怨，挑剔in favor of 有利于，便于；赞成，支持feed on 饲养，喂养feed with 饲养，喂养；向…供给feed in 输入fill in/out 填充，填写set fire to 点燃，放火be fit for/to适合，恰当flare up 突然燃起来，突然发怒be flush with 与…平齐的，与…同高的focus on 关注于，聚焦于，集中于in force 有效，实施中come/go into force 生效，实施be foreign to 和…无关，和…不相干free from/of 使…免去，使…免除make a fuss of娇养（某人），过分关爱（某人）to date 到目前为止be dear to 珍贵的deduce from演绎，推断take delight in 以…为乐derive from 导出，由…来despair of 对…绝望deviate from 偏离，背离die down 渐渐消失，平息die off 相继死去discriminate against 歧视，由差别的对待dispose of 处理，处置dispose for 布置，安排be distinct from 和…截然不同的distinguish from 区别，分辨distribute over 散布be diverse from 和…不同的do away with 废除，去掉draw to/towards 挨近draw in （火车，汽车）到站draw on 动用，利用；吸，抽（烟）draw up 写出，画出；草拟；停住drop off 减弱，减少be due to 应…支付的dwell on 凝思；详述call forth 唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起call off 放弃，取消call up 召集，动员；打电话；使人想起carry off 夺去in no case 决不catch on 理解，明白be characteristic of 是…的特征，特点in chorus一齐，一致，共同clear away 扫除，收拾clear up 整理，收拾；清除，解除；解释，澄清；（天气）变晴cling to 粘住，依附，坚持collide with 与…抵触come off 实现，成功，奏效come (a)round 出访，前来；苏醒，复员comment on 注释，评论keep company with 与…交往，与…结伴by comparison 比较起来compensate for 赔偿，补偿comply with 照做，遵照，应允compose of 由…组成conceive of 设想，构思，想象on condition that 在…条件下confine to/with 限制，局限于conflict with 抵触，与…冲突conform to 遵守，依照；符合；顺应in connection with/to 关于consent to 同意，赞同，答应consist in 在于，存在于consult with 商量，商议in contrast with/to 与…成反比control over 在…方面的控制，支配under control 被控制住convince of 使信服，使确信correspond(ence) with 与…符合，一致correspond(ence) to 相当于，对应于count on 依靠，期待，指望count up 把…相加in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间by courtesy of 蒙…的好意/准许，蒙…提供/赠送；由于…的作用cover up掩饰，掩盖cross out 删去，取消cut across走捷径，抄近路cut in （汽车）抢挡；插嘴，打断back and forth 来回，往返，来来往往的back down/off 放弃，让步，退却back up 支持，援助；倒退，后退ban sb from sth /doing 禁止某人做某事be alien from 与…相异be alien to 和…不相容be applicable to 适用的，能应用的be beneficial to 对…有益的，有益于be bound to do必定，一定会boast of /about 自夸，夸耀break away (from) 脱离，逃跑break off断绝，结束break through 突破break up 中止，结束；打碎；拆散bring down 打倒，挫伤；降低bring forth 产生，提出bring forward 提出build up 积累，堵塞；树立，逐步建立；增进，锻炼bump against/into 碰、撞be abundant in 丰富的；充分的；充裕的be cautious of 小心的，谨慎的be comparable with/to 可与…比较的，比得上…的be concerned with 关心，挂念，从事于…be conscious of 意识到的，自觉地be consistent with 与…一致的，与…相符的be content with 满足的，愿意的be distinct from 和…截然不同的be diverse from 和…不同的be doubtful of/about 对…怀疑be equivalent to 和…等值，等价，相等be impartial in/to 对…公正的，无偏见的be implicit in 固有的be inaccessible to 达不到的be inadequate for/to 不充足的，不适当的be indicative of 指示…，暗示…be indispensable for/to 对…来说是必不可少的，必须的be inferior to 和…相比是下等级的，比…差的be insufficient of/for 不足，不够be irrespective of 不顾…，不考虑…be jealous of 妒忌…的，猜疑…的be parallel to 与…平行，与…并联；与…相同的，类似的be parallel with 与…平行，与…并联be preferable to更可取的，更好的be relative to 相对于…的，和…比较的，与…相关的be relevant to 与…有关的，与…相应的be representative of 代表…的，是…的代表be resistant to 抵抗…的be ripe for 对…而言时机成熟be skillful in/at 在…方面灵巧的，娴熟的be subject to 易遭…的，受…支配的be subordinate to 隶属于…的，对…而言是次要的be sufficient for 对…而言足够的，充分的be superior to 比…优越的，较…多的be sure of 对…肯定的be suspicious of对…怀疑的，认为…可疑的be typical of 典型的，有代表性的be unsuitable for 对于…是不合适的，不适宜的be worthy of 值得…的，配得上…的by analogy 用类推的方法by nature 天生，就其本性而言by reason of 由于acquaint sb with 使认识，使了解act on 起作用adhere to 粘附；坚持adjacent to 邻近，毗连answer for 对…负责answer to 符合，适合all but 几乎，差一点；除…以外其余都all out 全力以赴，竭尽全力allow for 考虑到ally with与…联盟along with 与…一起amount to 总计，共达，等于appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事arise from 由…引起，由…产生arrive at 到达；达成，得出（结论）aside from 除…以外associate …with …使…有联系，使…联合attached to 附属于，隶属于an attemptat ……方面的企图，努力attend to 照顾，护理attribute to 把…归于，认为是…所为avail (oneself) of 利用at (the) best 充其量，至多at all events 无论如何at any event 无论如何at intervals 时时的，不时地at large 一般，大体上at leisure 从容的，有空at length 终于，最后；详细的at a loss 困惑，不知所措at odds (with) 与…不一致，差异；争执all at once 突然，同时，一起as regards 关于，至于at full tilt 全速的，全力的ahead of time 提前at hand 在手边，在附近，即将到来in hand 在控制中，在进行中on hand 在手边，临近hand down 流传下来，传给，往下传hand on 传下来，依次传递hand out 分发，散发，发给hand over 交出，移交，让与hang about 闲荡，徘徊，逗留hang back 犹豫，踌躇，畏缩hang on 抓紧不放；继续下去，等一下hang on to 紧握住，坚持下去hang up 挂断（电话）happen to do 碰巧，偶然hardly any 几乎没有，几乎什么也不in haste 匆忙的，草率的have back 要回，收回have to do with 与…有关head for 驶向，走向head on 迎头，迎面keep one’s head 保持镇静lose one’s head 不知所措heap up 堆起heart and soul 全心全意lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心hinder from 阻止，妨碍get hold of 抓住，掌握hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制hold on 继续，握住不放hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持hold out 维持，支持；坚持，不屈服hold up 举起，承载；阻挡，使停止；抢劫，拦截at home 在国内；自在，自如home and abroad 国内外in honor of 为纪念…，向…表示敬意on one’s honor 以名誉担保how about...? （建议）…如何，…怎样hunger after/for 渴望hunt for 搜索，寻找be identical to/with 与…同样的，与…同一的identify …with …把…和…看成一样的if only 要是…多好；要是，只要be impartial in/to 对…公正的，无偏见的be implicit in 固有的impose on 把…强加给…impress on 印，盖印improve on 改进on (the) impulse (of) 凭（的）冲动be inaccessible to 达不到的be inadequate for/to不充足的，不适当的be incapable of 对…无能力的，不会…做的be inclusive of 包含…，包括…be independent of 独立的，自主的be indicative of 指示…，暗示…be indispensable for/to 对…来说是必不可少的，必须的be inferior to 和…相比是下等级的，比…差的influence on 在方面的影响inform of/about 通知，告诉，报告be innocent of 关于…是清白的，无罪的inquire/enquire of/about 询问，打听insist on 坚决要求/主张，坚持be insufficient of/for 不足，不够integrate into/with 使成为一体，使结合，使合并interfere(nce) in 干涉，干预interfere(nce) with 妨碍，打扰at intervals 时时的，不时地intervene in 干涉，干预be irrespective of 不顾…，不考虑…be jealous of 妒忌…的，猜疑…的be keen on 对…热心，渴望keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留keep down 控制，压制，镇压；压低，放低（声音）keep from 防止做某事，使不做某事keep off 不接近，避开keep out of 躲开，置身…之外keep to 坚持，保持keep up保持，维持；继续进行，坚持keep up with 向…看齐，跟上…key to 对于…的解答，答案knock down 撞倒，击倒knock out 击倒，击昏at large 一般，大体上/ 逍遥自在的lay aside 把…搁置一边；储蓄lay down 放下；制定，拟定；铺设lay off （临时）解雇；休息lay out 安排，布置；陈列，展示；设计，制定lead to 通向，道指，引起learn of/about 听到，获悉in the least 一点，丝毫leave behind 留下，忘记带leave out 遗漏，略去at leisure从容的，有空lend itself to 适宜于，对有用at length 终于，最后；详细的no less than 决不少于，不亚于，不次于；（和…）一样let alone 不干涉，更不用说let loose 放松，放开，释放let off 放（炮，焰火），开（枪）；宽恕，从宽处理；免除let out 放掉，放出，发出；放大(衣服)；放松(绳子)be liable for 对…有责任的，有义务的be liable to do 有…倾向的，易于…的lie in 在于cast/shed/throw light on/upon 使明白，阐明in (the) light of 按照，根据limit to 限制，限定in line with 和…成直线，和…一致，按照little by little 逐渐的live through 度过，经受过look in 顺便看望look into 调查，观察，过问，窥视look on 旁观，观看；看待，视作at a loss 困惑，不知所措be loyal to 对…忠诚的，忠贞的1. 倡议书、建议信中常用表达：I’m writing to appeal to …for …, given that …has become a serious issue.I’m writing the letter to call on …, since some of you may know that …..It is obligatory that ….Hopefully you will join in the action and extend warm help to those needy persons.Feel free to contact us when you have come to a decision.It’s love that sets the world going.Your kindness/ attention/ effort/ generousness/ donation/ participation well be highly valued.2. 感谢信常用表达We are writing to thank you for the wonderful time we had …We are writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during …We are indebted to you for …We are grateful to you for …It was very (more than) kind / generous / considerate of you to …Nothing could convey my gratitude to you for …Thank you again for your generosity / hospitality …3. 邀请函常用表达It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially invite you to attend (the meeting/ seminar / party)…It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to visit …Will you and Mrs. …(携夫人) give the pleasure of dinning with us at …?(本句为接受邀请)I am delighted to accept your kind invitation to …and am looking forward to that …(活动) with great pleasure…4. 请求信常用表达I’m writing to request you to make an investigation on the matter….I would be grateful if you could grant the request for …Would you mind if I ….?(这句提出要求的口气客气的不得了)Will you be kind enough to give me ….5. 询问信常用表达I’m writing to obtain the relevant information concerning the courses you offer.I’m writing to ask if you could grant me a favor.I would be very grateful if you could send me copies of the course outline.I wonder if it is too late to apply to this position.Would you please be kind enough to send me an application form and other materials necessary for my application so that I can begin the application procedure?I would be really indebted to you if you did me the favor. I am looking forward to your reply.6. 投诉信常用表达I’m writing to bring your attention to …I’m writing to complain about …I’m writing to protest against …I’m writing to express my indignation at …I think it’s high time that you realized (注意虚拟语气时态)…We know that you are not generally careless, but we would like your assurance that this will not happen again.I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation I will be forced to take legal action.To be frank, I am not prepared to put up with the situation anymore.Hope you can address the problem soon.Hopefully you will take steps to rectify this situation soon.Your serious consideration into my complaint will be very much appreciated.7. 申请信常用表达（申请职位）I am writing to apply for the post of …In reply to your advertisement in …I beg to apply for the post of …in your company. Immediately I saw your advertisement in the Sunday Evening for …I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualification and for which I have looking for.The kind of work in which your company is engaged particular interests me…I have the necessary qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …advertised in the paper…I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request…I hope I may be granted an interview, when I can explain my qualification more fully.I should be pleased to attend for an interview at your convenience, when I could give your further details concerning myself.It seems to me that this experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of …in such a firm as yours.（申请学位）I would like to apply for admission to your collegeMy major interests are …, and I understand your university has a good program in those fields. Enclosed please find a resume and a photo…Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview?2. 语篇逻辑中常见词汇转折however, yet, but, anyhow, anyway, nevertheless, while, whereas，instead, instead of；递进besides, further, moreover, most important, in addition, furthermore, too, also, and then, again, indeed；条件、让步if, only if,in spite of, despite, though, although, even so, even though, rather, after all, regardless, while；原因、结果because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, thus, hence, in that , accordingly, consequently, as a result, as a consequence, so that , to this end；比较、对比likewise, at the same time, in the same way, in comparison, in contrast, like, as, just as, conversely, on the contrary ，while；列举、举例first, second, in the first place, in the second place, next, another, finally, still, namely, that is, for instance, for example, as an example, specifically, in particular；时间关系before ,after, until, till，meanwhile，subsequently。
英语翻译时事政治短语
英语翻译时事政治短语按照客观规律和科学规律办事act in compliance with objective and scientific laws八个坚持、八个反对eight do’s and eight don’ts八项主张eight-point proposal保持昂扬向上的精神状态be filled with an enterprising spirit保证中央的政令畅通ensure the Central Committee’s decisions are carried o ut without fail标本兼治address both the symptoms and root causes不确定因素uncertainties参政议政participation in and deliberation of state affairs长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe长治久安maintain prolonged stability长治久安maintain prolonged stability崇尚科学respect and promote science传播先进文化spread advanced culture传统安全威胁traditional threats to security从严治军the army must be strict with itself党的领导方式the Party’s style of leadership党的民族政策the Party’s policy toward ethnic minorities党的侨务政策the Party’s policy toward overseas Chinese affairs党的宗教信仰自由政策the Party’s policy toward the freedom of religious belief党风廉政建设责任制responsibility system for improving the Party’s work style a nd building clean government党内情况通报制度、情况反映制度和重大决策征求意见制度inner-Party information sharing and reporting systems and the system of soliciting opinions concerning majorpolicy decisions党要管党、从严治党the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members党员管理工作management of Party membership党政机关Party and government organs党政领导干部职务任期制、辞职制和用人失察失误责任追究制the system of fixed tenures, the system of resignation and the system of accountability for neglect of supervisory duty or the use of the wrong person with regard to leading cadres of the Party and government 党总揽全局、协调各方的原则principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters电子政务e-government独立负责、步调一致地开展工作assume one’s responsibilities independently and makec oncerted efforts in one’s work独立公正地行使审判权和检察权exercise adjudicative and procuratorial powers independently and impartially多重多头执法duplicate law enforcement多重多头执法duplicate law enforcement发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面develop the political situation characterized by democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony发展平等团结互助的社会主义民族关系enhance socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance法定职能legal functions法律援助legal aid法制观念awareness of law反腐败领导体制leadership system against corruption防卫作战能力defense capabilities非传统安全威胁non-traditional threats to security丰富民主形式develop diverse forms of democracy干部人事制度cadre and personnel system干部双重管理体制system of dual control over cadres高知识群体prominent intellectuals公共事务public affairs公务员制度system of public servants公益事业programs for public good公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序 a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational公正司法judicial justice共产党执政共同利益的汇合点converging points of common interests管理有序、文明祥和的新型社区new-type and well-managed communities featuring civility and harmony广纳群贤gather large numbers of talented people国防动员体制mobilization system for national defense国防科技工业体制改革restructuring of defense-related science, technology and industry国际关系民主化promote democracy in international relations国家要统一，民族要复兴China will be reunified, and the Chinese nation will be rejuvenated 国家意志will of the state合理配置教育资源allocate education resources rationally弘扬科学精神promote the scientific spirit弘扬主旋律highlight the themes of the times互联网站Internet website基本行为准则basic code of conduct基层自治组织grassroots self-governing organizations基础性工作groundwork积极防御的军事战略方针military strategic principle of active defense加大治本的力度devote greater efforts to tackling root causes加强法制宣传教育give more publicity to the legal system加强立法工作strengthen legislation加强文化法制建设build up a legal system concerning culture加强制度建设concentrate on institutional improvement驾驭市场经济的能力abilities of keeping the market economy well in hand坚持打防结合、预防为主combine punishment and prevention, with emphasis on the latter 坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必纠see to it that there are laws to go by, the laws are observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers are prosecuted坚持正确导向give correct guidance to the public坚决维护中央权威safeguard the authority of the Central Committee教育创新innovation in education教育改革reform of education结构合理、配置科学、程序严密、制约有效的权力运行机制mechanism for the exercise of power featuring reasonable structure, scientific distribution, rigorous procedures and effective restraint进行和平统一谈判hold negotiations on peaceful reunification进行理论思维和战略思维think on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective精简、统一、效能的原则principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency决策的论证制和责任制verification system and responsibility system in making policy decisions决策机关decision-making organs军事法规体系system of military rules and regulations军政军民团结solidarity between the army and the government and between the army and the people开展对话conduct dialogue科技练兵science- and technology-related military training科技强军build a strong army through science and technology跨越式发展leapfrog development扩大公民有序的政治参与expand citizens’ participation in political affairs in an orderly way 老少边穷地区old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, and impoverished areas立党为公、执政为民the Party is built for the public and it exercises state power for the people领导干部述职述廉制度system under which leading cadres report on their work and their efforts to perform their duties honestly面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future民主管理制度democratic management system民主集中制是民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合的制度democratic centralism is a system that integrates centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance民主监督democratic supervision民族精神national spirit切身利益immediate interests勤俭建军build the army through diligence and thrift求真务实、开拓进取的精神truth-seeking and pioneering spirit趋利避害draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法体制judicial system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities, mutual coordination and restraint and highly efficient operation群众性精神文明创建活动popular participation in building spiritual civilization人才合理流动rational flow of trained people人财物管理体制management system of human, financial and material resources人事分类管理制度system of classified management of cadres and personnel“三个代表”重要思想the important thought of Three Represents三军一体、军民兼容、平战结合的联勤保障体制integrated logistic support system for the three armed services, for both military and civilian purposes and for both peacetime and wartime社会公示制度a system of keeping the public informed社会力量办学nongovernmental sectors run schools社会听证制度a system of public hearings社会治安综合治理take comprehensive measures to maintain law and order社会中介组织intermediaries社会主义民主政治socialist democracy社情民意反映制度a system of reporting social conditions and public opinion深入了解民情、充分反映民意、广泛集中民智、切实珍惜民力go deep among the people and get to know how they are faring, reflect their will, pool their wisdom and value their resources师德(teachers’) professional ethics实现公平和正义guarantee fairness and justice实现机构和编制的法定化delimit the structures and sizes statutorily实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化和程序化ensure that socialist democracy is institutionalized and standardized and has its procedures实行民主监督exercise democratic supervision世界是丰富多彩的Ours is a colorful world事业单位管理体制management system of institutions树立互信、互利、平等和协作的新安全观foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观foster correct world outlook, views on life and values 司法机关judicial organs司法审判和检察同司法行政事务相分离separate judicial adjudication and procuratorial work from administrative affairs司法体制改革reform of the judicial system思想道德体系ideological and ethical system思想政治建设ideological and political development素质教育quality-oriented education提倡多样化encourage diversity提高党的领导水平和执政水平enhance the Party’s art of leadership and governance提高科学判断形势的能力improve one’s ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way 提高立法质量improve the quality of legislation提高全民法律素质people are better educated in law提高全民健康水平improve the physique of the entire people提高执法水平raise the level of law enforcement提高总揽全局的能力enhance one’s ability of commanding the whole situation团结就是力量solidarity means strength团结就是胜利solidarity means victory推进决策科学化民主化put decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis完善城市居民自治improve self-governance among urban residents完善村民自治improve self-governance among villagers完善干部职务和职级相结合的制度improve the system of giving cadres both positions and ranks完善公开办事制度improve the system of keeping the public informed of matters being handled维护法制的统一和尊严safeguard the uniformity and sanctity of the legal system维护国家统一、民族团结safeguard national unity and ethnic solidarity维护司法公正safeguard judicial justice围绕中心、服务大局focus on the central task and serve the overall interests伪科学pseudo-science文化产业cultural industry文化产业政策policies toward the cultural industry文化创新cultural innovation文化公益事业public cultural undertakings文化建设cultural development文化市场体系system of markets for cultural products文化事业cultural undertakings文化体制改革cultural restructuring文化与经济和政治相互交融culture is interactive with economic and political activities。
管理咨询麦肯锡的研究的报告
SA-SU0050-030611-A4
SEGMENTING CUSTOMERS WITH
DISTINCT BENEFIT PREFERENCES
Segment characteristics
Percentage of population
Credit cards
Insurance
Consider brand relationship
information is key to implementing CRM initiatives
Internal data sources
• Account
applications
• Product and
client databases
External data
sources
• Credit bureau
cost of fixing
• Use key
breakpoints
not to
overspend
Source: McKinsey proprietary research
2
SA-SU0050-030611-A4
SEGMENT MANAGEMENT TREND - 2
deliberative migrators e.g., frequently reevaluate decisions, reaffirm/switch to chosen brand based on merits; rational decision-maker
Example initiatives
Cross-sell insurance to credit card holders
Increase credit limits of high-usage customers
毛泽东 英文介绍
Mao ZedongI INTRODUCTIONMao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976), foremost Chinese Communist leader of the 20th century and the principal founder of the People’s Republic of China.II EARL Y LIFEMao was born December 26, 1893, into a peasant family in the village of Shaoshan, Hunan province. His father was a strict disciplinarian and Mao frequently rebelled against his authority. Mao’s early education was in the Confucian classics of Chinese history, literature, and philosophy, but early teachers al so exposed him to the ideas of progressive Confucian reformers such as K’ang Yu-wei. In 1911 Mao moved to the provincial capital, Changsha, where he briefly served as a soldier in Republican army in the 1911 revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty. While in Changsha, Mao read works on Western philosophy; he was also greatly influenced by progressive newspapers and by journals such as New Youth, founded by revolutionary leader Chen Duxiu.In 1918, after graduating from the Hunan Teachers College in Changsha, Mao traveled to Beijing and obtained a job in the Beijing University library under the head librarian, Li Dazhao. Mao joined Li’s study group that explored Marxist political and social thought and he became an avid reader of Marxist writings. During the May Fourth Movement of 1919, when students and intellectuals called for China’s modernization, Mao published articles criticizing the traditional values of Confucianism. He stressed the importance of physical strength and mental willpower in the struggle against tradition. In Beijing, he also met and married his first wife, Yang Kaihui, a Beijing University student and the daughter of Mao’s high school teacher. (When Mao was 14 his father had arranged a marriage for him with a local girl, but Mao never recognized this marriage.)III RISE TO POWERIn 1920 Mao returned to Changsha, where his attempt to organize a democratic government for Hunan province failed. He traveled to Shanghai in 1921 and was present at the founding meeting of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which was also attended by Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu. Mao then founded a CCP branch in Hunan and organized workers’ strikes throughout the province. At this time warlords controlled much of northern China. To defeat the warlords, the Kuomintang (KMT) party of Sun Yat-sen allied with the CCP in 1923. Mao joined the KMT and served on its Central Committee, although he maintained his CCP membership.In 1925 Mao organized peasant unions in his hometown of Shaoshan. Because of his peasant background, he was named director of both the CCP and KMT Peasant Commissions in 1926. In 1927 Mao wrote a paper titled “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan,” in which he declared that peasants would be the main force in the revolution. Because this viewpoint was contrary to orthodox Marxism, which held that workers were the basis for revolution, and because peasant revolt would alienate the KMT, the CCP rejected Mao’s ideas.The KMT broke with the CCP in 1927 and KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek, who had taken control of the KMT after Sun Yat-sen’s death in 1925, launched a violent purge against the Communists. In battles that became known as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao led a small peasant army in Hunan against local landlords and the KMT. His forces were defeated and Mao retreated south to mountainous Jiangxi province where he established a base area in 1929 known as the Jiangxi Soviet. There Mao experimented with rural land reform and recruited troops for the Communist military, known as the Red Army. Working with Red Army general Zhu De, Mao developed new guerrilla warfare tactics that drew the KMT forces deep into the hostile countryside, where they were harassed by peasants and destroyed by the Red Army. Mao married He Zizhen while in Jiangxi, after his first wife was killed by KMT forces.Chiang was determined to eliminate the Communists and in 1934 intensified his extermination campaign, surrounding the Jiangxi Soviet. Mao and his followers burst through Chiang’s blockade and began the 9600-km (6000-mi) Long March to the remote village of Yan’an in northern China. Along the way the marchers stopped at Zunyi, where top Communist officials met to discuss the CCP’s future. Those opposed to Mao’s plan of peasant revolt and Chinese mili tary strategy were criticized, while Mao and his supporters gained power and prestige. The Zunyi Conference, as the meeting became known, was a crucial turning point in Mao’s ascendancy to CCP leadership.From his base in Yan’an, Mao led Communist resist ance against the Japanese, who had invaded Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. Although the CCP temporarily allied again with the KMT to halt Japanese aggression, most resistance against the Japanese in northern China came from the Communists. The CCP skillfully organized the peasantry and built up the ranks of the Red Army. Mao further consolidated his leadership over the CCP in 1942 by launching a “Rectification” campaign against CCP members who disagreed with him. Among these were “returned Bolshevik” W ang Ming, who had studied in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), and others, such as the writers Wang Shiwei and Ding Ling. Also while in Yan’an, Mao divorced He Zizhen and married the actor Lan Ping, who would become known as Jiang Qing and play an increasingly important role in the party after 1964.In 1945, shortly after Japan surrendered in World War II, civil war broke out between CCP and KMT troops. The CCP, who had mass peasant support and a well-disciplined Red Army, defeated the KMT i n 1949. On October 1 Mao declared the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.IV CHAIRMAN MAOMao and the CCP inherited a poverty-stricken country that was scarred by war and in political disarray. As chairman o f the CCP, Mao directed the PRC’s reconstruction. Following the USSR model for constructing a socialist society, Mao ordered the redistribution of land, the elimination of landlords in the countryside, and the establishment of heavy industry in the cities. Throughout this period Mao relied heavily on aid and expertise from the USSR. The United States became Mao’s enemy, particularly in the Korean War (1950-1953) in which approximately 1 millionChinese soldiers died fighting for North Korea, including Mao’s own son, Mao Anying. Mao feared enemy infiltration and sought to ensure political unity in China. Mao launched several mass campaigns to root out traitors and corruption, including the “Suppression of the Counterrevolutionaries,” the “Three-Anti,” and the“Five-Anti” campaigns. The campaigns, which involved intense investigation into people’s personal lives, left few Chinese citizens untouched. In the “Hundred Flowers” movement of 1957, Mao encouraged intellectuals to criticize the CCP, believing the criti cism would be minor. When it was not, he launched the “Antirightist” campaign, quickly turning on those who had spoken out, labeling them as rightist, and imprisoning or exiling many.Mao’s early experiences with peasant revolution convinced him of the i mmense potential of peasant strength. He believed that if properly organized and inspired, the Chinese masses could accomplish amazing feats. Beginning in the mid-1950s Mao advocated the rapid formation of agricultural communes, arguing that the energy of the people could help China achieve a high tide of Communist development. This ideology exploded in the Great Leap Forward in 1958. Mao called upon all Chinese to engage in zealous physical labor to transform the economy and overtake the West in industrial and agricultural production within a few years. Afraid to disappoint their leaders, peasants falsified grain production numbers. Several poor harvests caused massive famine and the deaths of millions of people throughout China.Mao’s policies had failed, but those in the government who criticized him directly, such as Peng Dehuai, were humiliated and purged from office. Criticism of Mao from outside the government was also muted because the educated elite remembered the turmoil of the “Hundred Flowers” a nd “Antirightist” campaigns of 1957. Mao’s relationship with intellectuals was an uneasy one, and he was critical of the gap between the lives of the urban educated elite and the rural masses. These tensions were among the underlying causes of the Cultural Revolution, a period of social unrest and political persecution launched by Mao in 1966. Mao mobilized youth into the Red Guards to attack his political rivals, including his chosen successor, Liu Shaoqi. With the help of Lin Biao, the leader of the Peopl e’s Liberation Army, Mao established himself as a godlike cult figure. All Chinese were encouraged to read the Quotations of Chairman Mao (known as Mao’s Little Red Book), and Mao’s writings were elevated to an infallible philosophical system called “Mao Z edong Thought.” Although Mao became widely revered, his Cultural Revolution policies led to cataclysmic death and destruction throughout China. He died of Parkinson disease on September 9, 1976. At the National Party Congress in 1977, the CCP declared the Cultural Revolution to have officially ended in October 1976.After Mao’s death his record was reevaluated by his successor Deng Xiaoping. Mao was praised for his contributions in the resistance against Japan and the founding of the People’s Republic, bu t criticized for his mistakes in the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. While many Chinese vilify Mao for his brutality, he is also admired for his power and his role as one of the most influential historical figures in the 20th century. His remains are enshrined in a mausoleum in Tiananmen Square.。
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DEVELOPMENT REPORT – August 12, 2002: Campaign Against Tetanus
By Jill Moss
This is the VOA Special English Development Report. The United Nations Children ’s Fund, UNICEF, has launched a new program to
protect thousands of women and their babies against tetanus. Organisms that enter
the body through a cut or wound cause the disease. It can lead to serious muscle
problems. Tetanus can also cause difficulty opening the mouth or swallowing.
Doctors call this condition lockjaw.
The UNICEF campaign will target women in poor communities in Africa that are
difficult to reach. Recently, health workers gave injections of vaccine medicine to more than one-hundred-thousand women in two areas of Mali. The vaccine will protect the women and their
newly born children from tetanus. Women at risk must receive at least three injections of the vaccine over a one -year period to be fully protected.
Health workers use a special device called a UniJect to give the vaccination. This device includes a needle and the amount of medicine needed for one patient. UNICEF says that people with little or no medical training can successfully use the Uniject device. For example, teachers and community workers can be trained in areas where there are no health centers. UNICEF says more people can by vaccinated in a short time by using temporary health workers instead of medical experts.
Marc Vergara is a spokesperson for UNICEF. He says the Uniject device has been in use for about twelve years. The tetanus vaccination has been used for about seventy years. And international campaigns to protect people against disease have been carried out for many years. Mister Vergara says this is the first time all three have been combined.
Mister Vergara says the UNICEF campaign will extend to other parts of Mali later this year. If it succeeds, UNICEF and other aid organizations will plan similar campaigns in other countries. They include Ghana, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda.
UNICEF reports that tetanus killed two-hundred-thousand newly born babies and thirty-thousand women in fifty-seven developing countries last year. Ninety percent of all tetanus cases are in twenty-seven countries in Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. As many as seventy percent of all babies who develop the disease die in their first months of life.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss.
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