英语教学法教程13-Integrated-Skills

integrating the skills?
13.1 Why integrate the four skills?
When we communicate, we often use more than a single language skill.
What skills do we need in our daily communication? Do Task 1 (pp.228-229).
12.5 Motivating students to write
Eight principles for motivating ss to write 1. Make topic of writing as close as possible to ss’ life. 2. Leave ss enough room for creativity & imagination. 3. Prepare ss well before writing. 4. Encourage collaborative group writing as well as
2. Complex integration: constructing a series of activities that use a variety of skills
13.3 What are the implications for teaching?
Since integration of the four skills is concerned with realistic communication, we are teaching at the discourse level, not just at the level of sentences or individual words and phrases.
1. The way that the text is organized 2. Its layout (for written text) 3. The style of the language (formal or informal) 4. The register (the vocabulary that is commonly
12.6 Designing writing tasks
Writing tasks should be motivating and communicative.
12.7 Using the Internet to promote process writing
Useful ways: e-mail, blogging; BBS; Moodle
13.2 How to integrate the four skills?
Do Task 2, p.230. Two types of integration
1. Simple integration: integration within the same medium (either oral or written), from receptive to productive skills
4. Give ss time to write and rewrite;
5. Place central importance on the process of revision;
6. Let ss discover what they want to say as they write;
7. Give ss feedback throughout the composing process to consider as they attempt to bring their expression closer and closer to intention;
3. How do we write?
Writing can be both collaborative and solitary.
12.2 A communicative approach to writing
Ss are motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements.
8. Encourage feedback both from the instructor and peers;
9. Include individual conferences between T and S during the process of composition.
12.4.2 Procedures of process writing p.214
Integrating the skills means that we are working at the level of realistic communication, which is the aim of communicative approach and an integral part of essential conditions for language learning. Discuss Figure 13.1.
2. Why do we write?
We write for various reasons, to convey messages, to keep a record of what is in our mind, to communicate, to raise awareness of how language works, to become more familiar with the linguistic and social conventions of writing in English, etc.
English Language Teaching Methodology
Unit 13 Integrated Skills
Outline
Presentation: 2 approaches to writing A brief revision of Unit 12 Unit 13 Integrated Skills
With different audiences and different purposes, the writing piece could vary greatly.
Writing activities can be “writing for learning”, “writing for communication” and somewhere between.
textbooks and classroom teaching 4. A process approach to writing 5. Motivating students to write 6. Designing writing tasks 7. Writing through the Internet
1. Creating a motivation to write; 2. Brainstorming; 3. Mapping; 4. Free writing; 5. Outlining; 6. Drafting; 7. Editing; 8. Revising; 9. Proofreading; 10. Conferencing.
Specify the topic of writing, objectives and procedures of the task/activity.
Give a mini-demonstration if possible.
A Revision of Teaching Writing
1. What, Why and how do we write? 2. A communicative approach to writing 3. Problems in writing tasks in existing
12.3 Problems in writing tasks
1. They are mainly accuracy-based. 2. They are designed to practice a certain target
structures. 3. There is insufficient preparation before the writing
individual writing. 5. Provide opportunities for ss to share their writings. 6. Provide constructive and positive feedback. 7. Treat ss’ errors strategically. 8. Give ss a sense a achievement from time to time.
13.3.1 Focus on discourse
Implication: we need to be aware of the discourse features of a text and to be able to make ss aware of them.
Discourse features include:
12.1 What, why and how do we write
1. What do we write?
Writing is a real-life reality. We write letters, journals, notes, instructions, posters, essays, reports, menus, etc.
expressing unusual for original ideas. 8. Many of them are test-oriented.