HEALTH REPORT – Study Links Ozone Pollution to Increased Deaths
2024年中国专家关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的新观点英文版
2024年中国专家关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的新观点英文版Title: New Perspectives on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China by Experts in 2024In 2024, experts in China have put forward new perspectives on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This respiratory disease is a significant health concern globally, with a high prevalence in China. The experts have highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention in managing COPD. They emphasize the role of personalized treatment plans tailored to the individual needs of patients. Additionally, they stress the importance of lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation and regular exercise, in improving COPD outcomes.Furthermore, the experts have proposed novel approaches to COPD management, including the use of telemedicine and digital health technologies to monitor patients remotely. They also advocate for greater awareness and education about COPD among healthcareproviders and the general public. The experts believe that a multi-disciplinary approach involving collaboration between pulmonologists, primary care physicians, and respiratory therapists is essential for optimal COPD care.In conclusion, the new perspectives on COPD in China by experts in 2024 underscore the need for a comprehensive and holistic approach to managing this complex respiratory condition. By adopting personalized treatment plans, leveraging technology, and promoting education and awareness, it is hoped that the burden of COPD can be reduced and patient outcomes improved in the years to come.。
HEALTH REPORT - How Antiviral Drugs Work
HEALTH REPORT — How Antiviral Drugs WorkBy Jerilyn WatsonBroadcast: February 11, 2004This is the VOA Special English Health Report. Here is a common situation: A person gets sick with a high temperature, muscle pain and a cough. The person goes to a doctor to ask for some antibiotics to treat the infection. The doctor says the person has influenza which is caused by a virus. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. They only treat infections caused bybacteria. But there are newer kinds of medicines known as antivirals.A case of the flu usually lasts a week or two. Scientists at the United States Centersfor Disease Control say early antiviral treatment can shorten that time by about oneday. But they say for this to happen, people must take the medicine within the firsttwo days of sickness. Four antiviral drugs are approved for use against influenza in the United States. They mainly fight infections in the breathing system. Each drug has possible side effects. In the United States, a person must have an order from a doctor to receive these medicines.Scientists say two of the four drugs are effective against the infection caused by the type A influenza virus. They are not effective against influenza type B. The other two drugs can treat both. One of these antiviral medicines, called oseltamivir, can also help prevent influenza.Viruses invade cells and copy the genetic material inside in order to reproduce. Some antivirals work bypreventing this process. Or they may interfere with the ability of the virus to connect itself to the cell. Other antiviral drugs prevent the virus from destroying the protective protein around a cell.The first antiviral drugs were created in the nineteen-sixties. A number of new antivirals were in common use by the nineteen-nineties. Progress in the engineering of genes and the science of molecular biology made these new medicines possible. Some have helped patients suffering from diseases like hepatitis B in the liver. Other kinds of antiviral drugs are able to suppress H-I-V, the virus that causes AIDS, so a person lives longer.Antibiotics are made from bacteria. The drugs contain organisms that damage the cells of other microbes that cause sickness. The British doctor Alexander Fleming discovered what is generally accepted as the firstantibiotic, penicillin. That was in nineteen-twenty-eight. Penicillin did not come into common use, however, until the nineteen-forties.This VOA Special English Health Report was written by Jerilyn Watson.Email this article to a friendPrinter Friendly Version A representation of howviruses attack a cell.(Picture -NIH)。
臭氧层损耗 Depletion of Ozone Layer 英语作文
Depletion of Ozone Layer>Essay on Depletion of Ozone Layer:In another major atmospheric challenge that has been traced to human technology, the work of environmental scientists again has uncovered a serious problem for which there was no prior warning. Our knowledge of the workings of the atmosphere has been appallingly poor, and one consequence of that lack of understanding is the strong possibility that ultra-violet radiation will increase in intensity all over the Earth.Long and Short Essays on Depletion of Ozone Layer for Kids and Students in EnglishGiven below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Depletion of Ozone Layer’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the Importance of Depletion of Ozone Layer of 400-500 words. This long essay about Depletion of Ozone Layer is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Depletion of Ozone Layer of 150-200 words.These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.Long Essay on Depletion of Ozone Layer 500 Words in EnglishBelow we have given a long essay on Importance of Depletion of Ozone Layer of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.Radiation from the sun includes ultra-violet (UV) radiation, along with the visible light. On penetrating the atmosphere and being absorbed by biological tissues, UV radiation damages protein and DNA molecules at the surface of all living things. This is what occurs when you get a sunburn. If the full amount of UV radiation falling on the stratosphere reached the Earth’s surface, it is doubtful that any life would survive. We are spared from the more damaging effects of the UV rays because most of the UV radiation (over 99%) is absorbed by ozone in the upper stratosphere. For this reason, stratosphericozone is commonly referred to as the Ozone Shield or the Ozone Layer.Ozone depletion refers to two related atmospheric events of significance, observed since the late 1970s. The first is the steady decline of total volume of ozone in stratosphere at the rate of 4% per decade. The second is a larger decrease in ozone over the polar regions, which is known as ozone hole.In the autumn of 1985, some British atmospheric scientists working in Antarctica reported a gaping ‘hole’ (actually, a thinning of one area) in the stratospheric ozone layer of theSouth Pole. There is an area equal to the size of the United States, where ozone levels were 50% lower than normal. Scientists had assumed that the loss of ozone, if it occurred, would be slow, gradual and uniform over the whole planet. The ‘hole’ came as a surprise, and if it had occu rred anywhere but over the South Pole, the UV damage would have been extensive.News of the ozone ‘hole’ stimulated, enormous research effort. A unique set of conditions were found to be responsible for the ozone ‘hole’. In summer, gases such as nitrogen oxide and methane react with chlorine monoxide andchlorine to trap the chlorine, forming so-called chlorine reservoirs, preventing much ozone depletion.High above the Earth is the stratosphere where a small number of ozone molecules shield all life from harmful ultra-violet radiation. Ozone, an unstable form of oxygen containing 3 oxygen atoms (O<sub>3</sub>), falls apart into an oxygen atom (O) and an oxygen molecule (O<sub>2</sub>) when it absorbs ultra-violet radiation. However, a fresh supply of ozone forms continually in the stratosphere, producing a delicate chemical balance in which a layer ofless than 4.5 trillion kg of ozone, blankets the planet. That balance is threatened by chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs, such as the fluoro carbon-11. They decompose and release chlorine atom, which cause ozone to break down. The difference is that each chlorine atom destroys as many as 100,000 ozone molecules faster than nature can replenish them. As a result, the ozone layer is thinning, forming a hole that lets damaging ultra-violet radiations reach the Earth.The maximum decrease in ozone has occurred in the lower stratosphere. However, ozone holeis not measured in terms of concentrations of ozone. It is quantified by the reduction in total co lumn ozone above a point on Earth’s surface. It is expressed in Dobson Units or DU. Ozone column is surveyed with the help of total ozone mapping spectrometer.The reductions of upto 70% in ozone column observed in the spring of Southern Hemisphere over Antarctica are still continuing. In the 1990s, column ozone was 40-50% lower than pre-ozone hole valves. In the Arctic, the amount lost varies year-to-year. The greatest decline occursduring winter and spring, when the stratosphere is colder.The depletion of ozone layer, allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth. It has been estimated that a 5% loss of ozone results in a 10% increase in UV radiation. Some of the important effects of ozone depletion are that in humans, the increased UV radiation increases the incidence of cataract, skin cancer and decline in the functioning of the immune system. Secondly, the elevated level of UV radiation damages nucleic acids in living organisms.Thirdly, UV radiation inhibits photosynthesis in plants and photoplanktons which in turn affects the whole food chain. Fourthly, UV radiation will affect the crops in symbiotic association with cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria live in the roots of some crops, like rice and help in the retention of nitrogen. Cyanobacteria are sensitive to UV radiation, and plants too have limited adaptability to increased UV-B levels. Fifthly, like in humans, in other organisms too, UV radiations cause severe sun-burns. The epidermal damage was discovered in the whales of the Gulf of California in 2010.Ozone losses have not been confined to Earth’s polar regions, although they are most Prominent there. A worldwide network of ozone-measuring stations send data to the World Ozone Data Centre in Toronto, Canada. Reports from the centre reveal a rate of loss of 2-4% per decade since 1979 over mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Ozone loss was expected to start showing in the year 2001, when the chlorine and bromine concentrations in the stratosphere started to decline as a consequence of the international agreements that have been forged.However, according to a report published in 2010, the ozone holes, high in the stratosphere over each of the polar regions, have stopped growing due to the phase out of nearly 100 ozone-depleting substances once used in products like refrigerators and spray cans, as per the study by United Nations scientists. It was noticed that the ozone hole that forms each year over Antarctica was slightly smaller in 201 3. The world is moving towards phasing out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), however, India has said that it first needs to find environment friendly alternatives, then make the move.Short Essay on Depletion of Ozone Layer 200 Words in EnglishBelow we have given a short essay on Depletion of Ozone Layer is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.The ozone story is a remarkable episode in the human history. From the first warnings in 1974 that something might be amiss in the stratosphere because of a particularly inert and useful industrial chemical, through the developments of Montreal Protocol the final steps of CFCs phase out that are still beingundertaken, the world has shown that it can respond collectively to a clearly perceived global threat. The scientific community has played a crucial role in this episode, first alerting the world and then plunging into intense research programmes to ascertain the validity of the threat and its remedial actions.Stopping the rapid decline in ozone layer is as much the responsibility of the civil society as it is of governments and scientists. We can see to it that we limit private vehicle travelling, use eco-friendly cleaning products and avoid chemical pesticides and weedicides.Ozone layer is the protective shield of the Earth. We have to ensure that the hole in this ‘shield’ doesn’t get bigger, otherwise all life on Earth would perish owing to the wrath of the sun, in the form of UV rays.Depletion of Ozone Layer Essay Word Meanings for Simple UnderstandingAppalling – causing dismay or horrorStimulate –to rouse to action or effort, as by encouragement or pressure, spur on, inciteReplenish –to make full or complete again, as by supplying what is lacking, used up, etcQuantify – to determine, indicate, or express the quantity ofSpectrometer – an optical device for measuring wavelengths, deviation of refracted rays, and angles between faces of a prismSymbiotic –living in symbiosis, or having an interdependent relationshipRetention – the act of retainingEpidermal –the outer, nonvascular, nonsensitive layer of the skin, covering the true skin or corium.Inert –having little or no ability to react, as nitrogen that occurs uncombined in the atmosphereAscertain –to find out definitely, learn with certainty or assurance, determine。
每日锻炼好身体的英语作文
Exercising daily is a vital part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.It not only helps to keep our bodies in good shape but also contributes to our mental wellbeing.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the importance of daily exercise in an English composition:1.Physical Health Benefits:Regular exercise can help prevent various diseases such as obesity,heart disease,and diabetes.It strengthens the muscles and bones,improving overall physical strength and flexibility.2.Mental Health Benefits:Engaging in physical activities releases endorphins,which are natural mood elevators.This can help reduce stress,anxiety,and depression,leading to a more positive outlook on life.3.Improved Sleep:Exercise can help regulate sleep patterns,ensuring that you get a good nights rest.Adequate sleep is essential for recovery and overall health.4.Boosted Immune System:Regular physical activity can boost the immune system, helping the body fight off infections and diseases more effectively.5.Enhanced Cognitive Function:Exercise has been linked to improved brain function, including better memory,concentration,and creativity.6.Weight Management:Daily exercise,combined with a balanced diet,can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of weightrelated health issues.7.Social Interaction:Participating in group exercises or sports can foster social connections and improve interpersonal skills.8.Routine and Discipline:Incorporating exercise into your daily routine can instill a sense of discipline and time management.9.Enjoyment and Personal Satisfaction:Many people find exercise enjoyable and take pride in their physical accomplishments,which can boost selfesteem.10.Longevity:Studies have shown that regular exercise can contribute to a longer, healthier life.In conclusion,making exercise a daily habit is one of the best decisions you can make for your health.Its important to find an activity you enjoy and to make it a part of your dailyschedule.Whether its a morning run,an evening walk,or a gym session,every bit of movement counts towards a healthier you.。
【医学口语】世界卫生状况英文报告1
【医学口语】世界卫生状况英文报告1 General health issuesA global strategy on occupational health was formulated, and country activities supported. Guidelines and monographs were produced on such subjects as the health implications of occupational exposure to organic dust and sensitizing agents as well as selected metals, solvents and pesticides. Since 1976 WHO has evaluated the health risks posed by exposure to some 200 industrial chemicals and other substances. An international collaborative oral health research initiative is being set up in collaboration with the International Dental Federation among others. An international action network was established on noma and other mutilating diseases and accidents of the face. Significant progress was made in meeting the rehabilitation needs of the 35 million persons with disabilities in Africa, using the community-baseddistrict health approach. WHO's global data on blindness were updated. Training and research in this field is supported by WHO jointly with NGOs. Quality standards were prepared for small-scale manufacturers of intraocular implants used in cataract surgery.As a part of activities to promote healthy lifestyles, a school health education resource centre and databases were established as well as two regional networks of health promoting schools. The regions for health network in Europe was expanded to include 20 regions. National tobacco control programmes are supported. Recent Winter Olympic events have been smoke-free, thanks to collaboration between the International Olympic Committee and WHO.WHO provides countries with information and guidelines on the organization of health systems based on primary health care. Technical guidance is given on the formulation of new health policies and strategies and the reorganization of health care financing systems.WHO promotes information exchange between countries in relation to the development of human resources for health. It has launched an initiative to determine optimum approaches to the training of health personnel under changing socioeconomic conditions. Reviews of public health training and medical education are supported. Fellowships are provided fortraining in many health and related fields. National, regional and interregional action plans for upgrading nursing and midwifery practice are being drawn up through a network of WHO collaborating centres.In the field of pharmaceuticals guidelines for drug prescribing are being expanded. National systems for drug registration, surveillance and quality assurance are being established in a number of countries with WHO collaboration. The WHO model list of essential drugs is being revised and updated. Working with bilateral agencies, other United Nations bodies and NGOs, WHO collaborates with 55 countriesin framing national policies in such areas as drug selection and legislation. Operational research is carried out on the rational use of drugs. Guidelines, tools and training materials have been prepared on many aspects of drug management.The WHO Global Commission on Women s Health has drawn up an agenda for action relating to women, health anddevelopment. Under the auspices of the commission, a scheme to provide credit and banking facilities to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged is being implemented in Africa. At the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, WHO played a key role in helping to reach a consensus and transcend political and religious differences. This was made possible by the Organization s medical and ethical credibility and its inclusive approach to health.Together with UNDP, WHO promotes recognition of health and environment concerns in national plans for sustainable development and has given financial and technical support to six countries for this purpose. WHO has been designated task manager for the 'health chapter' of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). In collaboration with several United Nations bodies it has prepared a progress report on health, environment and sustainable development, stressing the importance of reform with respect to community development, environmental health, national decision-making and national accounting. Materials produced by WHO included guidelines on the operation of poisons control facilities, 15 health and safety guides, and over 200 international chemical safety cards providing basic information on the diagnosis and treatment of poisonings. Training and research on the broad topic of health and environment are supported.WHO worked with 26 countries in greatest need in planning and implementing health reforms as part of an overall effort for strengthening of national managerial capabilities. Athird report on progress towards health for all by the year。
HEALTH REPORT - Scientists See Progress on a Dengue Vaccine
Doctor Edelman noted that in a severe outbreak this year in Brazil, so many people got sick that hospitals in Rio de Janeiro state had to close. The army set up field hospitals in April and doctors came from other areas to help treat patients. In Vietnam, health officials say patients have sometimes had to share hospital beds because of large numbers of cases. The W.H.O. says dengue is spreading to new areas and producing major outbreaks. Venezuela, for example, reported more than eighty thousand cases last year. These included more than six thousand cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue victims sometimes develop bleeding. This is dengue hemorrhagic fever. The W.H.O. says it was first recognized in the nineteen fifties. Today it affects most Asian countries and is a leading cause of serious disease and death in children. Each year an estimated half-million people with dengue hemorrhagic fever require hospital treatment. The W.H.O. says about two and one-half percent die. But people are more likely to die if they do not get help. For now, the W.H.O. says the only way to prevent the spread of dengue fever is to fight the mosquitoes that carry it. And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.
HEALTH REPORT - Studies Support Wider Use of a Drug for Some Breast Cancers
HEALTH REPORT - Studies Support Wider Use of a Drug for Some Breast Cancers By Nancy SteinbachBroadcast: Wednesday, October 26, 2005I'm Shep O'Neal with the VOA Special English Health Report.Three studies show that a drug used to treat an aggressive form of breast cancer after it has spread also can treat it earlier.Results of the studies involving the drug Herceptin have beenpublished in the New England Journal of Medicine. They show that insome cases it cut by about fifty percent the chance that the cancerwould reappear.The drug targets the kind of breast cancer known as H.E.R. two, orHER-two, positive. Women who produce too much of the HER-twoprotein have a cancer that is especially fast-growing. Researchers say about fifteen to twenty-five percent of women with breast cancer have this kind. Doctors can remove the cancer, but it is more likely than others to return.More than eight thousand women took part in the studies in Europe and North America. All had early HER-two positive breast cancer.The European study followed the progress of women for up to two years. The researchers say the cancer returned in twenty-three percent of those not receiving Herceptin. Only fourteen percent of the women who received the drug experienced a return of the cancer. The other two studies involved women who were treated with an operation, chemotherapy drugs and, in some cases, Herceptin. Thirty-three percent of the women who did not receive Herceptin had their cancer return within four years. This happened to only fifteen percent of those treated with Herceptin.Herceptin is an antibody that attaches itself to the HER-two gene on cancerous growths. It slows or stops the cancer from growing. Treatment must continue for one year. It costs about forty-eight thousand dollars.The studies showed possible heart-related risks. About four percent of the women who tookHerceptin along with other drugs suffered serious heart problems. The rate was only about The drug Herceptinhalf of one percent when patients took Herceptin within one year of completing other drug treatment.The researchers are not sure why these heart problems appeared. They say more and longer studies are needed to answer this and other questions about the drug. American doctors are being urged to treat early HER-two breast cancer with Herceptin. But some say it will take years to prove that these results can be repeated with all HER-two breast cancer patients.This VOA Special English Health Report was written by Nancy Steinbach. Our reports are online at . I'm Shep O'Neal.。
脊髓灰质炎疫苗调查报告范文
脊髓灰质炎疫苗调查报告范文英文回答：In my opinion, conducting a survey report on the polio vaccine is crucial in order to gather information and assess the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. By conducting such a survey, we can collect data on the number of individuals who have received the vaccine, their experiences and side effects, and their overallsatisfaction with the vaccine.One of the main benefits of conducting a survey is that it allows us to identify any potential issues or concerns related to the vaccine. For example, if a significant number of respondents reported experiencing severe side effects, this could indicate a problem with the vaccinethat needs to be addressed. On the other hand, if the majority of respondents reported positive experiences and no major side effects, this would provide reassurance about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine.Additionally, a survey can help us understand the reasons behind individuals' decisions to receive or not receive the polio vaccine. This information can be valuable in designing targeted vaccination campaigns and addressing any misconceptions or barriers that may exist. For instance, if a large number of respondents mentioned concerns about the vaccine's safety, we can focus on providing education and information to address these concerns and increase vaccine uptake.Furthermore, conducting a survey can help us monitorthe overall vaccination coverage and identify any gaps or disparities in vaccine uptake. This information can be used to develop strategies to reach underserved populations and ensure equitable access to the vaccine. For example, if the survey reveals that certain communities have lower vaccination rates, we can work on implementing outreach programs and initiatives to increase vaccine acceptance within those communities.中文回答：在我看来，进行脊髓灰质炎疫苗调查报告是至关重要的，以便收集信息并评估疫苗的有效性和安全性。
锻炼的好处有哪些英语作文
Exercising is a fundamental part of a healthy lifestyle,offering a multitude of benefits that extend far beyond just physical health.Here are some of the advantages of engaging in regular physical activity:1.Improved Cardiovascular Health:Regular exercise strengthens the heart and improves circulation,which can reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.2.Weight Management:Physical activity helps to burn calories,which can contribute to weight loss or maintenance of a healthy weight.3.Enhanced Muscle Strength and Endurance:Exercise tones muscles and increases their strength and endurance,making everyday tasks easier and improving overall physical performance.4.Increased Flexibility and Mobility:Stretching and flexibility exercises can improve the range of motion in joints,reducing the risk of injury and aiding in recovery from physical activity.5.Mental Health Benefits:Exercise is known to release endorphins,which can help to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety,and improve overall mood.6.Boosted Immune System:Regular physical activity can boost the immune system, helping the body to fight off infections more effectively.7.Better Sleep:Engaging in regular exercise can help to regulate sleep patterns,leading to better quality sleep and improved rest.8.Increased Energy Levels:Exercise can increase energy levels by improving the bodys ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and muscles.9.Bone Health:Weightbearing exercises can help to increase bone density,reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.10.Improved Cognitive Function:Regular physical activity has been linked to improved cognitive function and a reduced risk of cognitive decline with age.11.Social Interaction:Group exercises or sports can provide opportunities for social interaction and community engagement,which can be beneficial for mental wellbeing.12.Stress Relief:Exercise can act as a natural stress reliever,helping to clear the mindand reduce feelings of stress and tension.13.Longevity:There is evidence to suggest that regular exercise can contribute to a longer life span by reducing the risk of many chronic diseases.14.Enhanced SelfEsteem:Achieving fitness goals and seeing physical improvements can boost selfesteem and body image.15.Increased Brain Plasticity:Exercise has been shown to increase the brains ability to change and adapt,which can be particularly beneficial as we age.Incorporating a variety of exercises into your routine,such as aerobic activities,strength training,and flexibility exercises,can maximize these benefits.Its important to find activities that you enjoy and can sustain over time to make exercise a regular part of your life.。
空气中臭氧污染治理思路初探
1引言新乡市空气污染防治攻坚战以来，全系统各级、各部门团结协作，共同推进空气质量提升行动。
坚持以秋冬季细颗粒物和夏季臭氧污染管控为突破口，不断深化挥发性有机物和氮氧化物综合治理，协调各部门抓好以控烟粉尘、控散烧煤、控机动车、控燃用油、控锅炉燃烧、控废气外排、控烟花爆竹为中心的七个严控工作，一方面推动产业绿色转型，另一方面淘汰落后产能，对重污染企业实施搬迁改造，从根本上减少空气的排放量，2020年全市空气质量持续改善，位居全省空气质量改善显著的5个城市之一，受到省环境污染攻坚指挥部的通报表扬。
空气质量监测数据显示，2020年全市有52天首要污染是臭氧，多集中在夏季，因为臭氧的含量偏高造成空气质量中等污染程度。
尽管市民感觉天空很蓝，撩动白云蓝天蓝，但监测结果显示臭氧污染。
近年来，臭氧已成为影响夏季空气质量的首要污染物，加强对臭氧污染的治理刻不容缓。
2臭氧污染成因臭氧是天然存在的一种氧化性痕量空气污染物，也是空气质量标准中必须开展日常监测的6种因子之一。
现在普遍认为臭氧是典型的二次污染物[1]，即各种化石燃料燃烧排放到空气中的氮氧化物、挥发性有机物在太阳光紫外线照射下发生光化学反应，生成以臭氧为代表的一种新的化学物质。
这种光化学反应一般要求气温在30℃以上，所以臭氧污染常发生在夏季，并且在下午尤为突出。
2.1正相关性空气中的挥发性有机物，俗称VOCs，是各种易挥发烷烃类、卤素烃、含氧烃的混合物，而且这些烃类在空气中紫外线的照射下还会生成更为复杂的、全新的有机污染物[2]，包含了甲醛、苯、二甲苯、芳香烃等上百种有机物，是臭氧污染的前提物，且其含量高低与臭氧污染呈正相关。
2021年，生态环境部首次把VOCs纳入生态环境约束性指标进行考核。
呈正相关的还有空气中的氮氧化物，这些氮氧化物主要来源于机动车和燃煤锅炉。
所以说，要想减少臭氧污染就必须从根本上减少VOCs和氮氧化物的排放量。
2.2季节特性通过常年空气质量监测，夏季是臭氧污染多发季节。
人群健康状况和卫生服务利用信息工作总结
人群健康状况和卫生服务利用信息工作总结The health status of the population and utilization of healthcare services can provide crucial insights into the overall well-being and effectiveness of healthcare systems. Understanding patterns and trends in these areas isessential for decision-makers to identify areas of improvement and develop targeted interventions. In this summary, we will explore key findings related to the health status of the population and their utilization ofhealthcare services.人群的健康状况以及对卫生服务的利用情况，能够为了解整体健康水平和医疗系统有效性提供重要信息。
理解这些领域的模式和趋势，对决策者来说非常重要，可以帮助他们找出需要改进的方面，并制定有针对性的干预措施。
在本总结中，我们将探讨与人群健康状况和卫生服务利用相关的关键发现。
Overall, the health status of the population has improved over time. Life expectancy has increased, infant mortality rates have decreased, and people are living longer lives.However, certain disparities still persist within different population groups. For example, there may be variations in health outcomes based on factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, geographical location, and ethnicity.总体而言，人群的健康状况随着时间的推移有所改善。
雾霾与健康 英文作文
雾霾与健康英文作文Title: The Impact of Smog on Health。
Introduction。
Smog, a term derived from smoke and fog, refers to a type of air pollution that arises from the interaction of various pollutants emitted from vehicles, industries, and other sources. It often blankets cities, especially during periods of stagnant weather conditions. The health consequences of smog are severe and far-reaching, affecting millions of people worldwide. This essay explores the detrimental effects of smog on human health and suggests measures to mitigate its impact.Health Effects of Smog。
Exposure to smog poses significant risks to human health, primarily due to its composition of harmful pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides(NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These pollutants can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, causing a range of health problems.Respiratory Issues: Smog exacerbates respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The fine particles in smog can irritate the airways, leading to inflammation and difficulty breathing. Prolonged exposure may also increase the risk ofrespiratory infections.Cardiovascular Diseases: The toxic components of smog can enter the bloodstream through the lungs, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Elevated levels of air pollution have been linked to an increased incidence of heart disease and hypertension.Impaired Lung Function: Long-term exposure to smog has been associated with reduced lung function and the development of lung diseases. Children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions areparticularly vulnerable to these effects.Cancer Risk: Some components of smog, such as benzene and formaldehyde, are carcinogenic. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants increases the risk of lung cancer andother respiratory tract cancers.Pregnancy Complications: Pregnant women exposed to high levels of smog may face complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental abnormalities in their offspring. The pollutants in smog can cross the placental barrier and affect fetal development.Mitigation Strategies。
关于熬夜调查的英语作文
关于熬夜调查的英语作文In recent years, the prevalence of staying up late has become a topic of concern among educators and health professionals. A survey conducted in our school revealed that a significant number of students are partaking in this unhealthy habit.The reasons behind this trend are multifaceted. Some students attribute their late nights to the heavy academic workload, while others claim it's the allure of social media and online games that keep them awake. The impact of this lifestyle choice is evident in the classroom, with many students reporting fatigue and a lack of concentration.The physical consequences of sleep deprivation are well-documented, ranging from weakened immune systems to increased risk of chronic diseases. Moreover, it has been linked to a decline in cognitive functions, affecting memory and learning capabilities.To counteract this issue, it is crucial to raise awareness about the importance of a healthy sleep schedule. Schools can play a vital role by implementing sleep education programs and encouraging a balanced approach to study and leisure time.Parents, too, have a significant role to play. By setting a good example and establishing a consistent bedtime routine,they can help their children develop good sleep habits early on.Technology use before bed is another area that requires attention. Limiting screen time in the evening can significantly improve sleep quality. Encouraging activities such as reading or meditation before sleep can also be beneficial.In conclusion, the issue of staying up late is a complex one that requires a collaborative effort from schools, parents, and students themselves. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, we can foster a healthier lifestyle and improve overall well-being.。
太极的优点英语作文初中
Tai Chi,also known as Tai Chi Chuan,is a traditional Chinese martial art that has gained widespread popularity around the world.It is known for its slow,controlled movements and deep breathing,which make it an excellent form of exercise for people of all ages and fitness levels.Here are some of the key advantages of practicing Tai Chi:1.Improves Balance and Coordination:The gentle,flowing movements of Tai Chi can help improve balance and coordination,which is particularly beneficial for older adults to prevent falls.2.Enhances Flexibility:Regular practice of Tai Chi can increase flexibility,as the movements involve a full range of motion for various muscle groups.3.Reduces Stress and Anxiety:The meditative aspect of Tai Chi,with its focus on deep breathing and being present in the moment,can help reduce stress and anxiety levels.4.Promotes Relaxation:The slow,deliberate movements and deep breathing techniques used in Tai Chi can promote a sense of relaxation and calmness.5.Improves Cardiovascular Health:Although Tai Chi is not a highintensity workout,it can still improve cardiovascular health by increasing circulation and lowering blood pressure.6.Boosts Immune System:Some studies suggest that Tai Chi can boost the immune system,potentially reducing the risk of illness.7.Aids in Pain Management:Tai Chi has been used as a complementary therapy for chronic pain conditions,such as arthritis and fibromyalgia,to help manage pain and improve quality of life.8.Encourages Mindfulness:The practice of Tai Chi encourages mindfulness,which can lead to a greater awareness of ones body and mind,promoting overall wellbeing.9.Supports Weight Management:While Tai Chi is not a weight loss program,the gentle exercise can contribute to weight management when combined with a healthy diet. 10.Cultivates Inner Peace:The practice of Tai Chi can help cultivate a sense of inner peace and tranquility,which can be beneficial for mental health.11.Accessible to All Ages:Unlike many forms of exercise,Tai Chi can be adapted to suit individuals of all ages and physical abilities,making it an inclusive form of exercise.12.Historical and Cultural Connection:Practicing Tai Chi also provides a connection to Chinese history and culture,offering a deeper understanding and appreciation for these aspects.In conclusion,Tai Chi offers a holistic approach to health and wellbeing,with physical, mental,and emotional benefits.It is a practice that can be enjoyed by anyone looking to improve their overall quality of life.。
肺结核防治
结核病疫情的特点
5.农村疫情高于城市。 6.HIV/AIDS的出现加重了结核病控制
的难度。 7.由农村转入城市的流动人口急剧增加，
必然引起城市结核病疫情的回升，影 响城市结核病控制工作的开展。
结核病疫情的特点
近一半人口感染了结核菌
根据2000年全国结核病流行病学抽 样调查结果，全国有近半（5.5亿） 的人口感染了结核菌，明显高出全 球1/3人口感染的水平。
4、易合并空洞，干酪灶空洞多位于中心或近 肺门端，虫蚀状空洞多发聚集不规则。
5、可伴有支气管播散灶。 6、可伴胸腔积液、胸膜增厚与粘连。 7、有球形病灶时（结核球）直径多在3cm以 内；周围可有卫星灶，内侧端可有引流支气管征。 8、病变吸收慢，一月内变化较小。
（三）CT用于肺结核的诊断 1970年CT问世，用于肺疾和肺结核诊断始于 70年代末。随着CT机分辨率、速度和螺旋功能的 改进，能提供更多信息。对肺疾、肺结核的诊断和 鉴别诊断有了很大帮助，对上述在X线片上肺结核 的特征CT片上显示更为优越，速度更快，显示更清 晰，检出率更高，定性更准。漏诊、误诊均可减少 。
流行病学队列研究英语小结范文
流行病学队列研究英语小结范文English:Epidemiological cohort studies are crucial in understanding the natural history, risk factors, and outcomes of diseases in populations over time. These studies involve the observation of a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience and are followed over a period to assess various outcomes. The cohort design allows researchers to establish temporal relationships between exposures and outcomes, providing valuable insights into causality. Additionally, cohort studies enable the investigation of rare exposures and long-term effects that may not be feasible in experimental settings. Key components of cohort studies include the selection of a representative sample, detailed data collection on exposures and outcomes, minimizing loss to follow-up, and appropriate statistical analysis to account for confounding variables. Despite their strengths, cohort studies also face challenges such as high cost, long duration, potential for loss to follow-up, and ethical considerations. However, when conducted rigorously, cohort studies contribute significantly to the advancement of public health byinforming policy decisions, guiding interventions, and shaping clinical practice.Translated content:流行病学队列研究对于理解疾病在人群中的自然历史、危险因素和结果至关重要。
调查睡眠情况英语作文
调查睡眠情况英语作文A Survey on Sleep Situation。
Introduction。
Sleep is an essential part of our lives, and thequality of sleep can greatly affect our physical and mental health. In order to understand the sleep situation of people in our community, a survey was conducted to gather information about people's sleep habits, problems, and the impact of sleep on their daily lives.Method。
The survey was conducted through an online questionnaire, and a total of 500 people participated. The participants were from different age groups, occupations, and backgrounds, in order to get a comprehensive understanding of the sleep situation in our community.Results。
The survey results revealed that the majority of the participants reported having sleep problems. 60% of the participants reported having difficulty falling asleep, while 40% reported waking up frequently during the night. Additionally, 30% of the participants reported feeling tired and fatigued during the day, and 20% reported experiencing mood swings and irritability due to lack of sleep.When asked about the impact of sleep on their daily lives, 70% of the participants reported that poor sleep affected their work or school performance, while 50% reported that it affected their relationships with others. Furthermore, 40% of the participants reported that poor sleep affected their physical health, such as causing headaches or body aches.Discussion。
ozon的报告总结
ozon的报告总结Ozon's report presentation was informative and well-structured. The speaker started by giving an overview of the company, highlighting its core business areas and growth strategies. It was evident that Ozon is a leading e-commerce platform in Russia, providing a wide range of products and services to its customers.The presentation then delved into the financial performance of the company. The speaker outlined the revenue growth over the years and emphasized the profitability of the business. It was clear that Ozon has been able to successfully monetize its customer base and generate strong cash flows.The report also touched upon the operational aspects of the company. The speaker discussed the efforts taken by Ozon to enhance its logistics and delivery capabilities, including the establishment of fulfillment centers across Russia. This is crucial for the company to maintain its competitive edge in the e-commerce market.Moreover, the presentation highlighted Ozon's focus on customer experience and innovation. The speaker emphasized the importance of personalized recommendations and convenience for customers. This is evident through the introduction of features such as product reviews, easy returns, and same-day delivery options. Overall, Ozon's report presentation was comprehensive and provided a clear understanding of the company's performance and future prospects. It showcased Ozon's position as a leading playerin the e-commerce market and its commitment to customer satisfaction.。
科学报告范文
科学报告范文Science Report ExampleTitle: Effects of Polluted Air on Plant GrowthIntroduction:The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of polluted air on the growth of plants, specifically soybean plants. Air pollution is a growing concern worldwide and plants are a crucial component in the ecosystem. It is important to understand how air pollution impacts plant growth so that solutions can be developed to minimize the negative consequences.Method:We conducted the experiment in a controlled environment in which soybean plants were exposed to varying levels of air pollution. The plants were divided into three groups: Group A was exposed to clean air, Group B was exposed to air that contained pollutants at levels found in urban areas, and Group C was exposed to air with double theamount of pollutants found in urban areas. The plants were monitored over a period of six weeks and the following parameters were measured:• Leaf size• Height• Chlorophyll content• BiomassResults:The results of the study indicated that the soybean plants exposed to polluted air had stunted growth compared to the plants in the clean air environment. Group B plants had a 20% reduction in height and 15% reduction in leaf size compared to the clean air group. Group C plants had a 30% reduction in height and 20% reduction in leaf size compared to the clean air group. The chlorophyll content and biomass of all plants decreased as pollutant levels increased.Conclusion:This study provides evidence that polluted air has a significant negative impact on plant growth. The results indicate that plants exposed to polluted air have stunted growth and reduced chlorophyll content and biomass. These findings highlight the importance of developing solutions to reduce air pollution to minimize the negative effects on the ecosystem.。
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pollution from particle matter. The study linked even a single day of increased ozone to more deaths the following week. The study is one of the largest ever done of ozone and death rates. The researchers note that ozone is widespread in the United States and many other countries. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is re-examining its air pollution rules. The current limit for ozone is eighty parts per thousand million for an eight-hour period. Limits were higher in the past. But the researchers say they found an increase in deaths even below the current levels. They say that if ozone decreased by one-third in those ninety-five cities, almost four thousand lives per year might be saved. This VOA Special English Health Report was written by Cynthia Kirk. I'm Gwen Outen.
HEALTH REPORT – Study Links Ozone Pollution to Increased Deaths
By Cynthia Kirk Broadcast: December 08, 2004 I'm Gwen Outen with the VOA Special English Health Report. American researchers say they have found the strongest link yet between ozone pollution and damndings show that short-term increases in ozone lead to higher death rates in cities. Ozone is a form of oxygen. The gas is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere to protect the Earth against radiation from the sun. But human activity can also create ozone in the lower atmosphere. Gasses from vehicles and industry react with sunlight to form this ozone. Levels usually increase in the warmer months. Ozone is the main chemical in smog, the air pollution that is a combination of fog and smoke. Ozone has been linked to heart and lung problems especially, and to higher rates of hospital cases. Researchers from Yale University and Johns Hopkins University did the study. Michelle Bell of Yale was the lead investigator. The Journal of the American Medical Association published the results. The researchers collected information on ninety-five American cities. These contain about forty percent of the national population. The study compared deaths rates to ozone levels between nineteen eighty-seven and two thousand. The research suggests that even a small increase in ozone, ten parts per thousand million, can lead to higher death rates the following week. The study found that the average daily number of deaths rose point-five percent. Heart and lung related deaths rose point-six percent. And deaths among older people rose point-seven percent. The researchers controlled for other possible causes of death, such as hot weather or