辨析

able, capable, competent, qualified共同意思是“有能力的”
☐able 指高于一般人以上的能力，常指精通的能力。

如：
⏹He is an able programmer. 他是位得力的编程人员。

☐Capable 强调具备做某事的能力，如适应能力，应变能力等，一般不指具体的能☐力（除非在上下文中另有指出）。

如：
⏹They are all capable doctors.他们都是能干的医生。

⏹The young woman was very capable of defusing difficult situations.这位姑娘
颇有排解纠纷的能力。

☐Competent 指具有足以满足某种特定要求的能力。

如：
⏹ A competent typist is not necessary a competent secretary. 称职的打字员不
一定是称职的秘书。

☐qualified 指经过专门训练并通过资格考试而具备达到规定标准所需的能力。

如：
⏹His skills qualify him for the job. 他的技能使他能胜任那份工作。

able/capable
☐able仅指主动做某事的能力，capable有时可指被动的承受能力或适应能力。

☐用作表语时，able后一般接动词不定式；capable后则一般接“of + n/v-ing
☐
被动语态”
●语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动
作的接受者时为被动语态。

●注意：
1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。

例如：
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。

例如：
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。

●Let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。

例如：
They let the stranger go.他们放陌生人走了。

---> The stranger was let go.
●2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。

例如：
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。

---> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
●短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

例如：
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
●表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report,
say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。

例如：
It is said that…据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
It is taken granted that…被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remembered that… 务必记住的是
●不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen,
last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等无被动语态。

例如：
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。

●比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

（错）The price has been risen.
（对）The price has risen.
（错）The accident was happened last week.
（对）The accident happened last week.
(错）Please seat.
(对）Please be seated.
●不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into,
belong to等。

例如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。

Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。

●系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain,
seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。

例如：
It sounds good. 听上去不错。

●带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream，live/life等，以及反身代词，相互
代词，不能用于被动语态。

例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。

●当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

例如：
（对）She likes to swim.
（错）To swim is liked by her.
主动形式表被动意义
●wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。

例如：
The book sells well.这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。

●blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。

例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。

Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。

●在need, require, want, worth (adj.), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This book is worth reading.
Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

●特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。

被动形式表主动意义
●be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for), be occupied (in), get
married等。

例如：
He is graduated from a famous university.
●注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。

He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.
●expand指体积、数量的增大，可指将折叠的东西展开、打开、散播开，事物的膨胀，
或规模的扩大，而使其扩大的因素既可以是内在的，也可以是来自外界的外力，如：~ business扩大贸易；
The shipbuilding in the south is rapidly ~ing. 南方的造船业正在迅速展。

～a phrase into a sentence.
His face ~ed in a smile of welcome. 他的脸上绽开欢迎的笑容。

Metals ~ by/with heat.
●swell是指由于受到内部力量的作用而在体积和容积方面增大，也可指数目或程度的
增长，质量的提高，或曲面向上隆起，常表示“不正常的增大”。

The ankle was badly swollen. /His face began to swell out. / The injured wrist swelled (up).
The sails swelled out in the wind.
The streams have swollen with melted snow. 雪融河涨。

Wood often ~s when wet.
Never swell with pride.
Swell (be swollen) with anger/ indignation
The enrollment swelled to 1000 this year.
●Extend 直线状的伸展，引申指扩展势力、范围、影响等
The farm ~s eastward as far as the river.
By this time the fire had greatly ~ed itself.
The meeting ~ed late into the night.
It rapidly ~ed his influence over all France.
●Lengthen 增加长度或延长时间，侧重动作；-- trousers.
The days are beginning to ~ out after the Winter Solstice.
The intended ~ of her stay was 3 weeks, but it was later ~ed to four weeks,.
Summer ~s out into autumn.
●Prolong 把时间过程延长到超过通常或正常的限度；prolong one‟s life,
If the headmaster makes his usual speech, it will ~ the ceremony by 10 minutes.
I had to ~ my stay for another week.
The meeting was ~ed into the night.
The author cleverly ~ed the suspense in his mystery novel.
●spread “扩散，散布，铺开”，有“spread over a surface”
～scientific knowledge
He ～the news around the town
～glue on paper
●bother, interfere, interrupt, trouble 和worry的共同意思是“干扰” “使烦恼”
●Bother 给人造成较小的麻烦、不便、不快或烦恼，比较轻微的干扰了人的舒适和心
情；或者是向别人请教或请求帮忙
The man is always ~ing me to lend him money.
The sight of him ~ed her and set her heart beating faster.
I‟m busy; don‟t ~ me.
●Interfere 指人或人的行动打扰他人，或着妨碍干预他人的事务
You mustn‟t ~ that old scientist.
Under the Constitution, government cannot ~ in the private lives of citizens.
She always ~s in matters that don‟t concern her.
●Interrupt 多指由于某种外界因素而停下来，中断其连续性或为了某种目的而停下
来，但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去；
Their talk was ~ed by the arrival of visitors.
The war ~ed the flow of commerce between the two countries.
The constant ~s interfere my work.
●Trouble 表示的意义很广泛，事无巨细，
●Worry 表示纠缠、困扰、折磨，暗示重复和不间断的含义
Don‟t ~ me with your complaints.
He ~(ed) her to marry him.
Sensible: acting with a good sense，
a sensible person通情达理的人，a sensible choice明智的抉择等。

Sensible 意为“可觉察到的；明智的”；
Sensitive 意为“敏感的，容易感受到的”，
a pair of sensitive scales一架灵敏的天平，
be sensitive to other‟ s criticism对别人的批评非常敏感；
Sensual 意为“肉欲的，色情的”，
a sensual life/enjoyment；
Sensuous 意为“感官方面的，激发美感的”，
a sensuous painting一幅引人入胜的油画，
a sensuous poem一首隽永的诗等。

●Accuse blame condemn 和charge 都含有“指责、指控或责备”的意思，
●区别在于：blame指因出差错而受责备；
I blame the accident on him. 我将这次意外归咎于他。

●condemn指某人有不好的行为而受责备；
They condemn him for his bad conduct. 他们谴责他的行为。

●accuse为最常用词，多指因粗心失信或不负责而受指责，在正式或非正式、公事或
私事中都可用；
He was accused of taking bribes. 他被控告受贿。

●而charge主要用于正式语体中，如法庭依法控告等，常表达过失的严重性及指控的
正式性。

He charged me for neglecting my duty. 他责备我怠忽。

●区别在于：excuse用以请求原谅轻微的过失，或在社交礼仪方面的疏忽。

可用于个
人和他人；
We ~ed his rudeness because we knew he was under a severe strain.
●forgive是原谅他人对自己的冒犯，不再予以追究，比如因为同情等，含有较强的个
人感情
The husband ~ed his unfaithful wife.
He ~(ed) her the wrongs she had done him.
●Pardon 常与for连用，比前两者正式，请求原谅严重的过失、犯罪或违反道德准则
～sb. for sth./ for doing sth.
A thousand ~s for stepping on your foot.
May God grant you ~ for your sins.
You have my ~ for your recent actions.
Free ~ 特赦general ~大赦
comfort 通过加以鼓励、增强希望、鼓舞心志等从正面进行安慰，使其减
少痛苦,往往是一般是安慰别人
I tried to ~ Jean after she failed in the examination.
~ a sobbing child
②console多指在某人处于痛苦失败失望麻烦等时候，给予安慰，减轻缓解痛苦的程度；可以是安慰别人，也可以是安慰自己。

~ sb. On the death of a parent
After fire had destroyed my home I ~ed myself with the thought that it might have been worse.
●dread + to do sth
I ~ to think what may happen.
I ~ to t hink what would have happened if we hadn‟t left there in time.
●dread + doing
He ~ed having to meet her parents.
Most women ~ getting old.
●dread sth.
Tom ~ed his visits to the dentist.
Students usually ~ the examination.
●dread + that clause
He ~ed that his parent would find out what he was doing now.
I ~ that he will come.
4.consequently△adv therefore 因此；所以：
She didn…t explain it dearly —～, he didn‟t understand. 她讲得不清楚,因此他不明白。

The rain was heavy and～the land was flooded. 雨下得很大；因此，地面都被淹了。

●此副词意为therefore因此，注意不要将此词与subsequently混淆，subsequently意
为succeedingly 随后，只表示在某一事件之后发生，而没有因果关系
●consequent / / adj 作为结果的,随之发生的
●consequence / / n [C] ①结果,后果②重要(性) ‖
●in consequence of由于/ in consequence结果/ take the consequences 承担后果
辨析consequence / effect / outcome/ result
●consequence, effect, outcome 和result 都可表示“效果，结果”
●不同的是：result是普通用语，指直接或间接、近因或远因所导致的结果；
●consequence指自然而然的或当然的结果；
●effect严格强调因果关系，指和cause直接相对应的结果；
●outcome强调事件的特有的结局，表示最终的结果
辨析consequence/ importance
●Consequence 和importance 都可表示“重要，重要性”。

●consequence强调不可忽视的或对随后的事件颇有影响的事物的“重要，重要性”
●importance意为“重大，重要性”，强调不受任何限制任何事物的重要或重要性。

●Assure sb. of sth. Assure sb. that…
●The doctor assured the patient that the operation was a small one and he would not
feel a thing.
●辨析assure 和ensure
●Assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; try to persuade. 常与of连用，指通过
劝导或承诺等方式想对方保证并使相信
The fact that the school had a good reputation ~ed him that his child would be well taken care of.
The statistical data ~ed us of the effect of this new medicine.
I ~ you that this medicine cannot harm you.
●Ensure: make (sth) certain (to happen); to make (someone) certain to get （sth good）
or avoid （sth bad ）表确保某件事的发生；确保得到某种好处或避免受到某种伤害
He wrote a poem which ~ed his undying fame.
This medicine will ~ you a good night’s sleep.。