lesson 13 pronoun

onoun:
this, these, that, those, such, so, same
Indefinite pronoun: One, either, neither, both, each, another, other, some, any, few, a few, little, a little, several, many, much, most, all, none, somebody.........
Objective pronoun for objects, objective complement, and appositions for them.
I thought it to be ______(you and he/you and him) Let’s _____(you and me/you and I) have a try. They took me to be ______(him/he) I was taken to be_____(him/he) When A is B, then A and B should carry the same case form.
1. Personal pronouns are used to refer to both people and objects, and because of the problem of case, they have various forms: “It” has no Subject pronouns: I , you, he, she, it, we, they. possessive Object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it ,us, them pronoun. Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs Reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, itself, ourselves, themselves
we can also use reflexive pronoun as appositions for either object of subject.
I myself heard the news. I spoke to Sunny herself. But we can’t use reflexive pronoun alone as subject. Myself saw the thief enter the room. I myself saw the thief enter the room.
3. I was half asleep when the country boy reeled in, flung himself on the other bed and groaned and sat up and was sick. Line 15: 我正在半睡半醒的时候，那个乡下小子摇摇晃晃，倒在旁边 的床上，呻吟着，又坐起来，吐起来． Reel : stagger, reel, keel, lurch, swag, careen -- (walk as if unable to control one's movements) spin, spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate -- (revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis; "The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy") wamble, waggle, reel -- (move unsteadily or with a weaving or rolling motion) reel -- (wind onto or off a reel)
3. He was sick on and off for an hour. 他反反复复吐了一个小时． On and off: do something for several short periods but not continually. Compare sick, vomit, throw up, ill, not well, unwell, something wrong with. Sick: in spoken British English, be sick is more often used to mean “to throw up” than “to be generally ill”. The more formal word in British and American English is vomit and a less formal word is throw up.
Rule 4: the order: If we have more than one pronouns, we should obey the following order: If singular: you+he/she+ I Plural: we + you+ they Rule 5: about the case: subjective pronouns for subjects, subjective complement, appositions for subject or complement. The winners are he and I. Two employers, Lee and he, have... How to explain this? I like potatoes. Me too. Who is that? It’s me! (informal language)
Points to notice: 1. (AmE), the reflexive pronoun for one should be himself. One should not live for himself. (not oneself) 2. If the preposition before the pronoun shows the location/place, then even though the object and the subject are the same, we can’t use reflexive pronoun, but normal personal pronoun. Did you take your daughter with you? (not yourself) I don’t have my phone on me. (not myself.) He looked around him when he came out.
Grammar Point: Pronoun
Definition: Pronouns are words which we substitute for nouns in order to avoid repetition. We have personal pronouns to refer to people and objects, we have reflexive pronouns formed with self/selves, and etc.
1. He was shaky on his feet but he kept his head up like a gaucho. translate, line 6: 他摇摇晃晃，站立不稳，却极力地挺着脑袋，装出一幅南美 牛仔的样子来．
２．The room had no window and the door gave out on to a glassed-in courtyard, line11: Give (out) on to: lead to , if a window, door, building etc give on r onto a particular place, it leads to that place or you can see that place from it: The building has a gate giving on to the main road. Glass sth in: to cover sth with glass or to build a glass structure around a place.
Rule 1: The pronoun should be in accordance with the antecedent on “person”, “number” , “gender” and “case” . Rule 2: On formal occasions, anybody/everybody/nobody/somebody/anyone/everyone/no one/someone share him, his or he as their respective pronouns. Everyone should fulfill his own duty. But on informal occasions, people often use they, them, their, Nobody came, did they?
Rule 3: If one of the antecedent is “I/me” or “we/us”, we use the pronoun “we, us, our”; if one is “you” without “I/me” or “we/us”, then we use “you, your” , if we don’t have any of the above, we use “they, them, their” . we are You, John and I live in the same room, so______(be) roommates. your You and he should do ______best.