Learner Types and Styles
学习方式发生变化英语作文
学习方式发生变化英语作文英文回答：In the realm of education, the evolution of learning methodologies has propelled a paradigm shift that has profoundly transformed the way we acquire knowledge and skills. Traditional instructional models, once anchored in rigid classroom environments and didactic lectures, have gradually given way to more interactive and learner-centric approaches. This dynamic transformation has been fueled by the advent of technology, the changing demands of the modern workforce, and a growing recognition of the diverse learning styles and needs of students.Technology has played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the learning landscape. With the ubiquitous presence of the internet, students now have access to a vast repository of educational resources, from interactive online courses and simulations to virtual libraries and collaborative platforms. This unprecedented connectivity empowerslearners to pursue their academic endeavors at their own pace, delve into topics that pique their curiosity, and engage in real-time discussions with peers and experts from around the globe.E-learning platforms have emerged as a formidable force in the educational ecosystem. They offer a plethora of interactive learning modules, personalized feedback mechanisms, and opportunities for collaborative projects. The asynchronous nature of online learning enables students to fit their studies around their busy schedules, while the flexibility of virtual classrooms allows them to connect with instructors and classmates from anywhere with an internet connection.The changing demands of the modern workforce have also exerted a significant influence on learning methodologies. In today's rapidly evolving job market, employers seek individuals who possess not only a strong foundation of knowledge but also a suite of transferable skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and teamwork. To equip students with these essentialcompetencies, educational institutions are incorporating experiential learning into their curricula, providing opportunities for internships, apprenticeships, and real-world projects.Experiential learning places students in authentic work environments, where they can apply their theoretical knowledge to practical applications and hone their skills under the guidance of seasoned professionals. By engagingin hands-on projects, simulations, and case studies, learners develop a deeper understanding of their field, cultivate problem-solving abilities, and enhance their employability upon graduation.Another significant shift in learning methodologies has been the growing recognition of the diverse learning styles and needs of students. Traditional educational models often adopted a one-size-fits-all approach, which failed to cater to the individual learning preferences and strengths of every student. Contemporary educational practices, however, embrace inclusivity and differentiation, acknowledging that each learner has a unique set of strengths and challenges.To address the diverse learning needs of students, educators employ a variety of teaching strategies and methodologies that appeal to different learning styles. For instance, visual learners may benefit from the use of diagrams, charts, and videos, while auditory learners may prefer lectures, discussions, and podcasts. Kinesthetic learners thrive in environments that encourage hands-on activities, simulations, and role-playing exercises. By tailoring instruction to the specific needs of each learner, educators can foster a more inclusive and effectivelearning environment.In conclusion, the evolution of learning methodologies has ushered in a new era of education, characterized by increased flexibility, personalization, and inclusivity. Technology, the changing demands of the modern workforce, and a growing recognition of diverse learning styles haveall contributed to this transformative shift. As the educational landscape continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative and effective learning approaches emerge, empowering students to reach their full potentialand thrive in the dynamic world of the 21st century.中文回答：随着教育领域的不断发展，学习方法也发生了翻天覆地的变化，彻底改变了我们获取知识和技能的方式。
介绍学习风格的英语作文
文章标题：Exploring Diverse Learning Styles: Unlocking Potential through IndividualizedApproachesIn the realm of education, understanding and embracing diverse learning styles is crucial for optimizing the learning process and maximizing individual potential. Each student possesses unique cognitive abilities, preferences, and learning strategies that shape their approach to acquiring knowledge. By recognizing and catering to these diverse learning styles, educators can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment that fosters engagement, creativity, and academic success.One prominent learning style is the visual learner. Visual learners thrive on seeing and observing information. They excel in activities that involve visual aids, graphics, and diagrams, and often prefer to study through the use of charts, illustrations, and color-coded materials. Incorporating multimedia elements and visual presentationsin classrooms can greatly benefit visual learners, allowing them to grasp and retain information more easily.Contrastingly, auditory learners prefer to learn through listening and speaking. They excel in lectures, discussions, and oral presentations, and often retain information better when it is presented verbally. Providing opportunities for discussion, listening to recorded materials, or even engaging in dramatic performances can cater to the needs of auditory learners, enabling them to deepen their understanding and apply concepts effectively. Kinesthetic learners, on the other hand, learn through movement and hands-on experiences. They prefer to engage in physical activities, experiments, and manipulations to understand and retain information. Incorporating hands-on activities, lab experiments, and interactive learning tools into the classroom can greatly enhance the learning experience for kinesthetic learners, making abstract concepts more tangible and memorable.In addition to these three primary learning styles, there are numerous others, including the reading/writing style, which involves processing information through reading and writing activities; the logical/mathematical style, which thrives on problem-solving and analyticalthinking; and the interpersonal style, which learns best through collaboration and social interaction.Recognizing and adapting to these diverse learning styles is essential for creating an inclusive classroom environment. Educators should strive to incorporate a variety of teaching methods and materials that cater to different learning preferences. This might includeutilizing visual aids for visual learners, organizing group discussions for auditory learners, or setting up hands-on experiments for kinesthetic learners. By doing so, educators can ensure that every student feels valued and engaged, fostering a positive learning attitude and improving academic outcomes.Moreover, encouraging students to explore and develop their unique learning styles can foster a growth mindset and enhance their metacognitive abilities. By understanding their preferred learning strategies, students can take ownership of their learning process, set personal goals, and develop effective study habits. This autonomy and self-awareness are crucial for long-term academic success and personal growth.In conclusion, embracing diverse learning styles is a critical aspect of effective education. By recognizing and catering to individual learning preferences, educators can create a dynamic and inclusive learning environment that nurtures the potential of every student. By encouraging students to explore and develop their unique learning styles, we can foster a culture of lifelong learning and personal growth that benefits individuals and society alike. **探索多样化的学习风格：通过个性化方法解锁潜力** 在教育领域，理解和接纳多样化的学习风格对于优化学习过程并最大限度地发挥个人潜力至关重要。
九年级人教版英语上册 Unit 1 词句+原文及译文+拓展+背景4
Unit 1 How can we become a good English learner?Period 1 Section A（1a－2d）必背单词1. textbook n.教科书；课本2. conversation n.交谈；谈话→have conversations with sb. 与某人交谈/谈话3. aloud adv.大声地；出声地→read aloud大声读→loud adj.大声的；adv.大声地→loudly adv. 大声地，响亮地4. pronunciation n.发音；读音→pronounce v.发音5. patient adj. 有耐心的n.病人→be patient with sb.对某人有耐心→patience n. 耐心→in patience 耐心地6. sentence n. 句子必背短语7. ask...for...请求……给予……8. study for a test 备考9. give a report作报告10. word by word 逐字11. more than多于……必背句子12. It’s too hard to understand spoken English.听懂英语口语很难。
13. It takes time.这需要时间。
14. The more you read，the faster you'll be.你读得越多，你将会越快。
Period 2 Section A（3a-3b）必背单词1. expression n.表情；表示；表达方式→express v.表达；表露2. discover v. 发现；发觉→discovery n.发现3. secret n．秘密；秘诀→keep a secret保守秘密→the secret to/of success成功的秘密→secret adj.秘密的；保密的→secret news 秘闻4. grammar n.语法必背短语5. be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事→be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事6. fall in love with 爱上……7. look up (在词典或参考书中)查阅；抬头看→look it /them up在词典中查阅它/它们→look up to sb.仰慕某人=admire sb.8. because of因为必背句子9. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of thetim老师说得太快，以至于很多时候我都听不懂她说的话。
英语作文讨厌的事
英语作文讨厌的事As an English learner, there are several aspects of English composition that I find particularly challenging and, at times, frustrating. Here are some of the things that Idislike:1. Vocabulary Limitations: One of the most daunting tasks is expressing complex thoughts when my vocabulary is limited. It can be disheartening to have a clear idea in my mind but struggle to find the right words to convey it.2. Grammar Rules: English grammar is riddled with exceptions and nuances that can be confusing. The struggle to remember whether to use "affect" or "effect" or to determine thecorrect past tense of irregular verbs can be quite bothersome.3. Sentence Structure: Crafting well-structured sentencesthat are both grammatically correct and engaging is a skill that takes time to master. The process of revising sentencesto avoid common mistakes like run-ons or sentence fragments can be tedious.4. Maintaining Coherence: Ensuring that my writing flows logically from one point to the next is often difficult. It's easy to lose the thread of an argument or narrative, whichcan lead to a disjointed essay.5. Proofreading: The process of proofreading for spelling andgrammatical errors is time-consuming and can be mentally exhausting. It's always a challenge to spot every mistake, especially when you've been staring at the same text for too long.6. Meeting Word Counts: Sometimes, the requirement to reach a certain word count can feel artificial. It forces me to elaborate on points that might be better served by brevity.7. Originality: Coming up with original ideas or perspectives can be difficult, especially when writing about common topics. It's a challenge to add a fresh angle to something that has been written about extensively.8. Adhering to Format and Style: Different types of essays require different formats and styles. Whether it's an argumentative essay, a narrative, or an expository piece, the rules can be stringent and require careful adherence.9. Time Management: Writing an essay is a process thatinvolves brainstorming, outlining, drafting, revising, and editing. Managing all these steps within a given timeframecan be stressful, especially when juggling multiple assignments.10. Feedback and Criticism: Receiving feedback, especially when it's critical, can be disheartening. It's important to learn from it, but it can sometimes feel demotivating, particularly if the critique is harsh or the suggestions are unclear.Despite these challenges, I recognize that they are part of the learning process and essential for improving my writing skills. With practice and patience, I hope to overcome these dislikes and grow as an English composition writer.。
step-by-step-第一册-单元真正完整版(标准答案及原文)
step-by-step-第一册-单元真正完整版(答案及原文)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 1 Education is a keyPart IA1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1. 2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2. official / language3. One billion / 20 percent4. Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5. 500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6. Eighty percent / computers7. African country / same8. 1,000 / Africa9. spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types” –the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part IIA2Primary school entering age secondary school entering age permissible age toleave school Britain 5 11 16The U.S 6 junior high: 11 16Senior high: 14Australia 5 intermediate school: 11 16High school: 12/13Canada 6 about 13 16A31.GCSE examinations2.students / higher education3.student/ second year / high school / college4.general exam / School Certificate5.sitting University Entrance Examination6.bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or twodoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high schoo l around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They wil l stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local schoolboards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” whichis from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour”and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University LifeA1I.A.AgeD. Foreign student populationII.2..15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab)3. a. +100 b. Discussion group: 15-20 c. much smaller4. informal, friendly6. 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average stud ent entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared,but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2II. B. 2.Examinations 4.quizzesII.Graduate schoolC. SeminarsD. some area of interestE. a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance andmay even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himself----well what I wanted to ask really was… you’re a teacher, been teaching for many years now, erm, what would you say, how would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?---Erm, well, a good student is usually one who’s not afraid to make mistakes, I’d say.---Uh,huh.----And he’s, er, eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, erm,he immediately starts trying to use it.\---Yeah, all right.---And h e’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.---So he’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?---No. no, no. he, he plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say “OK I’ve done this chapter I know this,” without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.---Ahha, ahha.---He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll very rarely ask you why this and why not something else…---Just sort of accepts what you give him an d doesn’t do anything more with it.---That’s right and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.---Yeah.---And peep over at the er…at his neighbor’s paper.---Oh, yes, An alternative learning strategy.---Right, and he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.---Mm, right, yeah. Er, anything else?---Er…---That characterizes the good or bad learner?---Er, mm, the bad learner is, wait a minute er, the good learner is erm, well, I think he’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.---Mm hm.---He’ll read, he’ll read books.---Mm, so work outside the classroom as well as in it.---Yes, yeah---Yeah, yeah---Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University CampusA2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert MartinBiologynext fallsix years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometownscience (biology in particular), sportsMr. Rose: Good morning. Have a seat.Bob: Good morning. Thank you.Mr. Rose: I have your application here somewhere. Yes，here it is. Your name is Robert Martin，right?Bob: That's right，sir.Mr. Rose: And you hope to enter our university next fallBob: Yes，sir，if I can make it.Mr. Rose: Fine，Bob. I notice that you finished high school a year ago. Why didn't you enter college that year?Bob: Well，I have a sister in college now. And there's another one who'll be going next year. So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.Mr. Rose: Good. It sounds as if you're a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.Bob: Yes，sir. My first six years I went to a public school in my hometown. Then I went to a military school for two years.Mr. Rose: And came back to your hometown for high school.B ob: That's right，sir.Mr. Rose: I see. I don't find a transcript among your papers. Do you have one？Bob: I'm not sure I know what that is.Mr Rose: Oh，that's a list of your grades.B ob: Oh，yes. That's in the mail now.Mr Rose: All right. How were your gradesB ob: Well，pretty good，until my second year in high school. Then I guess I got a little too interested in sports. But I know I'll work hard in college.Mr Rose: What do you want to major insB ob: I want to major in biology. That was my best subject in high school. I'm really interested in it.Mr Rose: That sounds fine，Bob. Have you discussed this with your teachers and your parents？B ob: Oh，sure. My science teacher thinks that's just what I ought to go into. And my parents say I should make my own choice.Mr Rose: Did you have some math and other science courses in high schoolB ob: Everything they offered. And I did some extra work for my teacher too.Mr Rose: Well，Bob，you should get along all right here. But it's hard to keep up with both sports and studies.B ob: Yes，sir，I know.Mr Rose: Fine. I' 11 hold your application until we get the transcript. We’ve seen it we'll let you know. Probably in about two weeks.B ob: Thank you very much，sir.Mr Rose: By the way，what did your guidance counselor tell yourB ob: He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I know I do，too. I've been fascinated with science since I was a child.Mr Rose: An interest of that kind really signifies something. Well，good luck，Bob.B ob: Thank you，sir. Good-bye.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful peopleA16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 /5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the larg est desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet.The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001. The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census, the total population was 1,243,738,000.2. The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3. And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in 1997.4. Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 people live there.5. Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6. Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7. The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8. Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997 reached 125,638,000.9. The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was 122,013,000 in 1997.10. Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people living there.11. The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12. And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of 82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part IIA1. A baby boy2. social/ ecological/ populations3. longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overni ght has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAWater 70% red or brown plant cover snow continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the。
新世纪大学英语综合教程第二册讲解Unit2
新世纪⼤学英语综合教程第⼆册讲解Unit2第⼀讲Unit 2 Learning a Language(Listen and Talk)(讲义)⼀、教学⽬的1. Know the definition of a language.2. Understand the importance of learning a foreign language.3. Master the ways of learning a foreign language.⼆、教学时数 2学时三、教学⽅法: Discussion四、教学重点：To talk and discuss about why should a foreign language.五、教学难点: Learn a suitable and effective way to learn a foreign language.六、教学内容（详细具体）Step I Lead-in:1) What is language?Language is a system of symbols designed for the purpose of human communication2) What is the function of language?Direction: Rearrange the words and phrases into a logical order.The tongue is not made of steel, yet it cuts. ⾆头不是钢，⼀动把⼈伤。
A good tongue is a good weapon.⼝齿伶俐，是件利器。
A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.外语是⼈⽣⽃争的武器。
Step II Listen: Why should we learn English: Dialogue1: Listen to the dialogue once and answer the questions.1. How important is English in Yi Ling’s opinion?English gives her more access to knowledge and job opportunities.2. What type of career is Yi Ling thinking of?To be a businessman, an engineer, or a scientist.Direction: Listen to the dialogue again and check your understanding.ScriptJohn: Do you think English is very important to you, Yi Ling?Yi Ling: Definitely!John: In what way?Yi Ling: The biggest thing is that it gives me more access to knowledge. So many materials and resources are in English these days.John: Tell me more about it?Yi Ling: With English we can use more computer software, get more information onthe Internet, enjoy foreign movies and TV shows. You see, it makes a big difference. John: What about job opportunities? Can you get a better career if you are good at English here in China?Yi Ling: Definitely. And a better career means a better salary.John: What type of career are you thinking of?Yi Ling: I’m not sure yet. Maybe a businessman, maybe an engineer, or who knows? Maybe even a scientist.John: Wow, you have high aspiration（ambition）!Why should we learn English?Think of at least 3 reasons why we should learn English in groups.to learn about some western culture to use for business to talk to native speakers to serve in the Olympics to use in tourism to read English books and surf the internet to listen to English music and movies SummaryWith the development of globalization（全球化）, English has become an international tool for people to communicate with each other. And we are the future of our homeland, so it’s our duty to prosper（繁荣）our country; therefore, to master a foreign language becomes a necessity （= It is necessary to master a foreign language）.Share your experience or effective ways of studying EnglishTips:+ keen interest+ confidence+ aggressiveness in study+ strong motive to communicate and express self-feeling+ participation in class-teaching+ trial and error procedure+ unique style of self-studyReferences:1. Cultivate learning interests and practice. (Tell me，I will know it；Teach me，I will understand it；Involve me，I will remember it.)2. Make you obtain certain language points and rejoice in your achievements.3. Have good learning strategies and develop your learning efficiency.StepV Homework: Preview Text B and recite the new words in Text B.Presentation: How to live a healthy life?Step III Listen: Peoples’ experiences of learning a foreign language.1) listen and find out various Language Learning Stylesa. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going aboutlearning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others.b. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”…c. It’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another.d. Most of us are mixtures of styles.2) Focus on the four basic learner “types.” Match Column A, the learner types, with Column B, ways of learning languages.Communicative learners : Watching & listening to native speakers and having conversations.Analytical learners : Studying grammar and finding their own mistakes. Authority-oriented learners : Having teachers explain everything and writing everything down in the notebook.Concrete learners: Playing games, looking at pictures and talking in pairs, etc. ScriptAll right, class. Today we're going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner "types" -- the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they 'like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to learn by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, by talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it's unusual for a person to be exclusively one "type" rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Step IV Discussion: What are the effective ways of learning a foreign language. Tips:+ keen interest+ confidence+ aggressiveness in study+ strong motive to communicate and express self-feeling+ participation in class-teaching+ trial and error procedure+ unique style of self-studyReferences:1. Cultivate learning interests and practice. (Tell me，I will know it；Teach me，I will understand it；Involve me，I will remember it.)2. Make you obtain certain language points and rejoice in your achievements.3. Have good learning strategies and develop your learning efficiency.Step V homeworkPreview Text A and recite the new words in Text A.Presentation: What are the appropriate ways for you to learn a foreign language?七、教学反思Will Chinese become a lingua franca in the near future?第⼆讲Unit 2 Learning a Language(Read: Text AA Language Teacher’s Personal Opinion)(讲义)⼀、教学⽬的1. Learn some words.2. Understand the difficult sentences.3. Learn to give suggestions of learning a foreign language.⼆、教学时数 2学时三、教学⽅法: Discussion四、教学重点：Learn the new words and expressions.五、教学难点: The difficult sentences of Text A.六、教学内容（详细具体）Step I. Revision: dictate the new words of Text A.Step II. Skim the text and choose the best heading for each paragraph.1) Text A has six paragraphs (1-6). Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. List of headingsA. A good method that suits all students does not existB.The behaviorist approachC.Two false attitudes toward English learningD.The role of fellow studentsE.Advertisements often give the false impressionF.The role of interestKey:1-E 2-A 3-C 4-B 5-F 6-D2) Text organizationPart Ⅰ(para.1-2 )-----Discussion on the false impression that learning English is easyand does not need much effort.Part Ⅱ (para.3)-----The two extremes concerning the belief of language learning. Part Ⅲ(para.4) -----The uselessness of teaching method based on the behaviorist theory.Part Ⅳ (para.5-6)-----The useful way of learning a language.Step III. Scan the text and detect the detail information of the text.1) Part ITrue or False1. In order to catch the attention of potential learners, advertisements usually exaggerate the fast pace and great ease of learning English. T2. To be able to read the original works by great writers can be a motivation for people to learn the language of those great writers. T3. People don’t believe what advertisements say about language learning at all. F4. Each individual teacher may have his or her unique way of teaching a language. T Sentence rearrangement1. No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.2. But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation.3. It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible.4. Some experts even argue that there are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality.Key: 3-2-4-1Questions and answerQ 1 What do advertisements for English learning always claim?It is easy to learn English; it doesn’t take much time; it doesn’t take much effort.Q 2 Why do those advertisements also refer to famous writers like William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens?Both they were great writers and are considered ad great masters of the English language. The advertisers intend to use the two British writers to encourage students to join them in learning English so that they will be able to enjoy works by these great writers in the original.Q 3 Wh at is the writer’s response to such advertisements?It’s impossible to learn English well in a short time; many people must believe these ads.SkimmingQ 4 Does the author feel satisfied with the fact that every teacher has his or her own way of teaching English?No. The author recognizes the fact but does not feel happy about it because he thinks simply pointing out the fact does not help students much.If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed.Q 5 What is the author’s profession?He must be an English teacher whose job is to train qualified English teachers.Q 6 What is meant by “every teacher is an individual with his own personality”?It means that different teachers have different personalities and, therefore, a teacher may have his or her own way of teaching English.Q 7 If you all feel that your teacher’s way of teaching is good and acceptable, does it mean that everyone in your class can learn English well enough?No. The reason is simple. Each student is an individual with his or her own personality. That is why the teach should attend to / satisfy / meet the individual needs of his or her students.No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.Q 8 What can we learn from the expression “This is true to a certain extent, but …”? We can see the author doesn’t totally agree with the previous statement.Q 9 Then, what, in the author’s opinion, is helpful to students?Students should have some good methods in learning English.2) Part IITrue or falseThe only way to learn a language well is to go and live in a country where it is spoken. FQuestions and answerQ 1 What are the two extremes concerning the beliefs of language learning?On one hand, some believe that the only way to learn a foreign language is to spend a great deal of time in the target country; on the other hand, some learners claim that they can master a foreign language just by self-study with only the help ofdictionaries.Q 2 Could you give some examples to show that “it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa”?One example is that the English word “aunt”may refer to 姑母，姨母，舅母，婶母，伯母，etc. Another case in point is that in Chinese we have “mantou”(馒头）which has no precise equivalent in English, though we can paraphrase it as “steamed bread”.3) Part IIITrue or falseLearning a language is just like how a parrot imitates a human being. FQuestions and answerWhat would teachers who believe in behaviorist psychology encourage students to do in the language learning context? Behaviorists believe that language learning is a kind of habit formation and they assume that people learn things very much like parrots and chimpanzees. So teacherswho believe in behaviorist psychology would ask students to repeat phrases and do mechanical exercises by imitation.4) (Part IV)Questions and answerQ 1 What is the author’s opinion about lea rning a new language?The author believes that no one can learn a new language well enough unless he or she is interested in it. He also thinks that the way of learning to speak and write in another language is probably similar to the way of learning one’s mother tongue.Q 2 What does the writer emphasize towards the end of this essay?He emphasizes the importance of group work in learning a new language.Q 3 Why does the writer repeat the word “real” in the last sentence?He wants to emphasize the idea th at language learning should be based on “real situations” in “real life” and the language we learn should be “real language”.5)Summary of the textDirection: Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. (Page 28) Step IV. Learn some new wordsGood Usage（Para. 1）according to these advertisementswith very little effort on the student’s parta reference to William Shakespeare or Charles DickensI don’t know whether to laugh or cryridiculous claimsor else(Para. 2)as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possiblein simple languageit is no use pretendingin every possible situationthere are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachersan individual with his own personalityno doubt (that)to a certain extent(Para. 3)have a great advantage over othersafford to dogo to the opposite extremeit is wrong to assume that .a precise equivalentvice versaprovide students with .let alone(Para. 4)is based onare fond of making students repeat phrasesif we were parrotsit is a pity(Para. 5)in my personal opinionunless he is interested in itrelate them to their own livesIt is worth remembering that languageis a means of communication.is very similar to(Para. 6)another relevant point worth mentioningwe need other people to talk to and listen to when …Key Words and Expressions for Text Apersonal a.[no comp.] concerning, belonging to, or for the use of a particular person; private [⽆⽐较级]个⼈的；私⼈的e.g. 1. Please do not take what I said too seriously; it was just my personal opinion.2. I don’t want to have a hand in his personal affairs.我不愿意过问他个⼈的事。
英语作文学习方式learning styles
三一文库（）〔英语作文学习方式learning styles〕Learning StylesEducators have known for a long time that people learn in different ways. That is why teachers present information in various forms. For example, as well as explaining a new language, language teachers often provide other learning experiences such as books, charts, videos, audio cassettes,songs, debates and group work. In this way, all students in a class have an opportunity to learn in the way that best suits them.In the last 50 years or so, researchers have been studying learners in an attempt to identify all the possible learning styles that humans use. They have found that we can very roughly divide people into three groupsthose who learn best through seeing, those who learn best through listening and those who learn best through moving, doing or touching.Some research has identified eight distinct learning styles, and researchers have made up tests tofind out which of these learning styles best suits different people. These tests show that, although most people have one dominant style of learning, they are also able to use other learning styles effectively. Some people even seem to have many different learning styles.The advantage of knowing what kind of learner you are is that you can then study in the way that best suits your learning style.学习方式长期以来教育家们就知道人们的学习方式不尽相同。
Learners-Characteristics
What are learner characteristics
Learner characteristics are differences between learners. These differences include the learners’ motivation, personality, learning style, learning strategies, age and their past language learning experience.
◆Tell them they are wrong
Controversy gets our attention and is a good way to motivate. Challenge what a person believes, or even tell him he’s wrong, and you’ll see a person motivated
◆Set clear expectations for the course
If you want your learners motivated, then a good way to get them there is to let them know what to expect from the course that you want them to take. This all ties into the points above. You’re asking the learners to spend some of their valuable time going through your course. They expect clarity on what they’ll do, why, and what type of outcome to expect.
论学习方式的图表英语作文
As a high school student, Ive always been fascinated by the various ways we can learn. Recently, our class was introduced to a new method of learning through a set of charts that illustrated different learning styles. This experience not only broadened my understanding of education but also sparked a personal reflection on my own learning preferences.The charts were divided into several sections, each representing a different learning style: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and reading/writing. The visual learners, as the name suggests, absorb information best through images, diagrams, and videos. Auditory learners thrive on listening to lectures, discussions, and audio recordings. Kinesthetic learners, on the other hand, learn by doing, engaging in physical activities, and handson experiences. Lastly, reading/writing learners prefer to learn through reading textbooks, taking notes, and writing essays.What struck me most was the realization that no single learning style is universally effective for everyone. Each of us has a unique blend of preferences that cater to our individual cognitive strengths. For instance, I found myself drawn to the kinesthetic section of the chart. It resonated with me because I often remember things better when I can physically engage with them. Whether its through building a model, participating in a science experiment, or even just doodling while listening to a lecture, my mind seems to retain information more effectively.The charts also highlighted the importance of a multimodal approach to learning. They suggested that combining different styles can enhance the learning process. This concept was reinforced by a case study of a studentwho struggled with traditional classroom learning but excelled when given a mix of visual aids, handson activities, and group discussions. It was a compelling argument that learning is not a onesizefitsall endeavor.Moreover, the charts provided a wealth of data on the effectiveness of different learning methods. For example, studies have shown that students who are exposed to visual aids in conjunction with lectures retain information better than those who rely solely on listening. This was backed by a graph that displayed the comparative retention rates, which was quite convincing.The auditory section of the chart was particularly insightful. It included a pie chart showing the percentage of students who identified as auditory learners, which was surprisingly high. This section also discussed the benefits of using podcasts and audiobooks for learning, especially for those who find it difficult to concentrate on reading for extended periods.The kinesthetic section was filled with vivid descriptions and examples of how physical engagement can lead to deeper understanding. It mentioned activities like roleplaying in history classes, conducting experiments in science, and even using physical movement to learn a new language. The sensory details provided in this section made the learning process seem more tangible and accessible.The reading/writing section, while not my personal preference, was equally informative. It emphasized the importance of notetaking and summarizing information in ones own words as a means of reinforcing learning. Thechart included a bar graph comparing the performance of students who took detailed notes versus those who did not, and the results were quite telling.In conclusion, the learning style charts were an eyeopening experience that helped me understand the diversity of learning methods available to us. They encouraged me to be more mindful of my own learning preferences and to explore ways to combine different styles for a more comprehensive learning experience. The charts also served as a reminder that education is a dynamic process that should be tailored to the needs of each individual learner. As I continue my academic journey, I am excited to apply these insights and make my learning experience more effective and enjoyable.。
Language learning styles and strategies
Desired degree of generality 全局认知度
• 按照学习者接受信息的方式分类 • Global/Holistic 整体型：喜欢抓住重点或者 大意，全面看待问题，即使遇到不认识的词汇 或概念也能与别人交流 • Analytic 细节型：关注具体的规则和细节，善 于记住具体的信息，喜欢分析语法规则差异， 对新的词组和单词比较敏感。
中国地图 美国地图 江西省地图 赣州市地图 中国地图
Thinking vs. Feeling 理性 型与感性型
• Thinking • Feeling
Closure-oriented/Judging vs. Open/Perceiving 封闭型与开放型
• 按照接受信息的方式分类 • Closure-oriented/Judging：善于制定计划并 按规定的期限完成任务。对歧义容忍度低，难 以忍受模糊，希望得到详尽的讲解和明确的指 令。 • Open-oriented/Perceiving: 善于收集信息， 不急于下结论，有很大的灵活性和可变性，对 歧义的容忍程度高，不关心规则也不喜欢被规 定时间期限来完成指令。
学习风格英语作文
学习风格英语作文Learning Styles: Embracing Individuality in EducationIn the diverse tapestry of the educational landscape, one concept stands out as a testament to the uniqueness of each learner: learning styles. The idea that individuals have distinct preferences when it comes to absorbing and processing information is as important as it is insightful. This essay delves into the significance of understanding and accommodating different learning styles in the English language classroom.Firstly, it's crucial to recognize the three primary learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Visual learners, often referred to as "read-receive" learners, prefer information presented in the form of diagrams, charts, and text. They thrive on seeing the material, whether it's through reading or watching. For these students, incorporating PowerPoint presentations, infographics, and reading materials can significantly enhance their comprehension of English grammar and vocabulary.Auditory learners, on the other hand, are "listen-do" learners. They benefit from listening to lectures, discussions, and audio recordings. In an English class, this could mean using podcasts, audiobooks, and engaging in group discussions to improve listening and speaking skills. By providing a variety of auditory stimuli, educators can caterto the needs of students who are more attuned to sound.Kinesthetic learners, known as "do-check" learners, are the most hands-on of the three. They learn best through physical activities and experiences. For English, this could involve role-playing exercises, interactive games, andtactile learning tools like flashcards. By moving around and engaging with the material in a physical way, kinesthetic learners can better retain and apply new language concepts.Understanding one's learning style is not just about catering to personal preferences; it's also about creating an inclusive learning environment. When educators recognize and respect the different ways students learn, they are fostering a classroom where every student has the opportunity to succeed.Moreover, the application of learning styles in English education can lead to a more dynamic and effective learning experience. For instance, a lesson plan that includes a mix of visual aids, auditory exercises, and kinestheticactivities can cater to the entire class, ensuring that no student is left behind.In conclusion, learning styles are a fundamental aspect of personalized education. By embracing the diversity of learning styles, English language educators can create a more engaging, effective, and equitable learning environment. It's not just about teaching English; it's about empowering students to learn in the way that best suits them, and indoing so, unlocking their full potential in language acquisition and beyond.。
视野大学英语第三版第一册unit4课后题答案
Grammar section answer
• Sentence correction • Q1: The correct answer is "I am not sure if he will come or not."
because the original presence has a double negative ("not... no") which makes the meaning unclearly • Q2: The correct answer is "I hope that she will call me tomorrow." because the original intention has a comma slice ("I hope that she will call me, tomorrow"), which makes the presence ungrammatical • Q3: The correct answer is "They have already finished their home." because the original presence has a subject verb agreement error ("They have already finished their home."), and the correct form of the verb is "have finished."
Q2
The author provides that to become a good writer, one must read broadly and practice writing regularly
你是什么样的学习者 What Kind of Learner Am I 英语介绍
What Kind of Learner Am I-Let’s Find Out!Hello! Readers, .you must have heard about people practising various types of learning styles They adopt various strategies and learning habits to study effectively. All of this happens when the exams are around the corner. But have you ever wondered which technique works the best for you? Or asked yourself, “ What kind of learner am I ?”In this article, I am going to share the following contents:What are learning styles?How to know what kind of learner am I?What are learning styles?As you know that everybody has a different way of walking and talking. In the same way, we also have a different way of thinking, processing and, storing information. The different ways in which we understand, arrange and store information are known as the learning styles. Some of you may learn the best by listening to the information in audio form. Whereas others may like a hands-on approach to getting a closer understanding ofthe subject. There is no right or wrong way to do it. What may work the best for you might be the worst technique for your friend. Moreover, science has proven that we all have different kinds of intellect.For example, some of us are better in art and craft. On the other hand, there are many people who cannot even draw a straight line. This does not make anybody inferior. But simply proves the fact that we all are different. Before going any further to know, “what kind of learner am I”? You first need to understand this fact.How to know what kind of learner am I?Many of you must have also taken help of internet to find out what kind of learner am I. There are many quizzes and questionnaires available online who claim to answer this. However, their results are most of the times random. And, if not random they only show our dominant style of learning. Today, I am going to discuss the less known four learning styles. It will finally answer your question, “What kind of learner am I?”You do not realize on an everyday basis. But your learning style influences your personality more than you think. It changes the way yourecord experiences in your mind, memorize information and choose the words that you speak. You need to explore all these areas to know what kind of learner am I. Now you may wonder why this is important. Well, the way we learn has a lot to do with our studies. Our study technique should be based on the learning style for the most powerful effect. You can take >what kind of learner are you quiz to know what type of a learner are you.There are five recognized learning styles in the world:The Visual (Spatial) Learning StyleIf you are one of those who prefers the visual style of learning, you mostly visualize every situation. You may do this through pictures, images, colors, and maps. You have the power to visualize situations and outcomes in your mind. The visual learners also have a good sense of direction due to the spatial elements in their learning. You are a pro when it comes to working with the maps, and no directions can stress you out. You always find your way to the destination. For example, when you step out of an elevator, you certainly know which way to go.As per hobbies, you may like to do anything with colors. Like scribbling, doodling, drawing, and sketching are some of the activities you enjoy the most.Visual Learning techniquesDoes visual learner satisfy your what kind of learner am I query? If yes then you use a lot of images, pictures, and colors to learn. There are a few techniques to find out better what type of learner am I. If these techniques enhance your learning experience then you are a visual learner. The visual learning techniques are as follows:Try using colors, customized layout, and spatial movements in your day to day life. ‘Visual Words’ like picture, perspective, see, visual and map can also help in a better understanding.Ditch the text and use colors, mind maps and images whenever possible. In case you are working on a paper and not on the computer try to use four different colors of pen. The colored text will help you to memorize better.Take help from diagrams to learn the scientific gadgets.A visual story can help you to memorize content better than text or books.You have an inner talent to come up with Peg words. Your ability of visualization helps you to come up with Peg words every time.The Physical (Kinesthetic) Learning StyleIf the Physical Style is your answer to what kind of a learner am I then maybe you let your body do all the talking. You explore the world around you mostly through the sense of your touch. Most of these learners prefer to indulge in physical activities and sports. You like toconnect mental activity with the physical. For example, you generate new ideas and solutions while you are exercising than sitting on the study table. You prefer going out for a walk if you are feeling low rather than crying to the pillow. You live for adventure and have a keen interest in developing new machines.The thought of sitting with empty hands while a lecture is going on sounds strange to you. You always need something to keep you moving. You cannot afford to sit for long hours and believe in a hands-on experience.Physical Learning TechniquesIf you have a physical style of learning, then focus more on the physical parts or components of the subject.Attempt doing practical science experiments to understand the concepts like friction and force better.We do not generally realize, but writing and drawing diagrams are also a part of physical learning.Activities like role-playing and skits help in stimulating the learning of social values.The Aural (Auditory-Musical-Rhythmic) Learning StyleIf your search of what kind of learner am I ends at the aural style, then you have a better sense of audio works. You understand the different levels of pitch and rhythm. You may generally remember all the movie dialogues word by word and the class lectures with every detail. Your hobbies are mostly associated to music like creating a jingle or simply humming a song.Aural Learning TechniquesThose who are Aural learners must incorporate elements of sound in their learning. Like rhyme, sound or music. Associate the sounds that you hear with the visuals.Sound recordings can help you provide a background to create visuals for learning. For example, listening to a recording of an aircraft engine can give you an insight into the mechanisms of the machine.Try to memorize long answers by breaking them into rhymes or making a jingle.Whenever you feel lazy or out of focus just listen to energetic music. It gives you the much-needed boost to back to work.Verbal (Linguistic) Learning StyleLet’s see if Verbal Learning Style is your answer to what kind of learner am I. Verbal style is quite versatile than you may think. Those who have a Verbal style can indulge in both spoken and written form of communication. They have no inhibitions and can express themselves fluently both verbally and write. If you think you can relate to these factors then maybe you also have a Verbal style. Your hobbies can be writing andreading. You also like to mix the text and the sound. This can take various forms of rhymes and tongue twisters. You possess a good vocabulary an always on a lookout for new words. You also try and use these unique words in your daily conversations as well.Verbal Learning TechniquesSince you are a Verbal learner, you should try techniques which involve both writing and speaking. You should not rush before finding out what kind of learner am I. Take some time out to find out new ways of doing so. One of the examples could be noting down the verballectures. This ensures that you will remember whatever you have read and not just bits of it.Now that you no longer have to worry about what kind of learner am I, it is time to know all about it. You should include word-based techniques in your writing as much as possible. Using a rhyme or jingle which has an easy rhythm can make your essay and features stand out.You can make up your unique phrases to memorize hard words easily.Scripting can be a great way to practice for you. Moreover, it is not just limited to the written form. You can record your script in an audio form. It can act as a backup apart from being reviewable. It will also save up your time in editing as listening to audio takes a lot less time than reading.Be loud and alive! Read your content aloud in a dramatic manner. Do not use a monotone, rather modulate your voice as per emotions of the lines. This helps you to memorize the whole content. Moreover, you can increase yourconfidence and stage presence through this bold practice.Listen to others as well. We all are different, and so are our views. By interacting with other people, you can form or get to know a different perspective. It can be about anything and everything.The Logical (Mathematical) Learning StyleThose who have a logical style of learning using a mathematical and logical reasoning approach. Finding what kind of learner am I should not also be a big task for them. They have a keeninterest in patterns and finding connections between complicated situations. Classification of contents comes naturally to them, and it can be really helpful in the stressful last hours of exam. You might be very good with numbers if your search for what kind of leaner am I ends here.Be it creating agendas or budgets you are always in the front seat. You like everything in a systematic manner. Your abilities shine the most while solving difficult logical problems.Logical Learning techniquesBeing a logical learner does not change the fact that you need to read and write as well. Apart from paying attention to the logical reasoning questions, you should also read whenever needed. For example, like you are reading right now to know “What kind of learner am I”. It will make your memory stronger combined with your strong logical skills.Apply your God gifted skills to overcome the real-life challenges. What if there is a test tomorrow and you do not have much time? You can put your systematic trait to the use. Throughfollowing statistics and analysis, you can find out your problem areas and start working on them.A downside of this learning style is that you tend to over analyse everything. Sometimes you just have to calm down and go with the flow. For example, while reading a work of fiction. You often find it hard to change your habits or traits. This is when you need to bring out your rationality and adapt to new things and experiences. Read further to >know your learning style and teaching strategies to adopt for making students learn faster.Teaching Strategies for different learning stylesEach person is unique in processing the information. You have read above the different styles of learning. Every style is different from other therefore, teachers must adopt different teaching styles as well for different learning styles. Teachers should take >what type of learner quiz >to identify the type of learner the student is.Below you will see the methods of teaching for all five types of learning styles. These styles will surely be effective in increasing the learning performance of students.Teaching style for Visual learnersInformation retained by the visual learners is by pictures, video clips, coloured images and patterns. Such learners easily understand visual data such as graphs, charts, and maps. Therefore, teaching strategies for visual learners should be,More use of visual aids. Explain the topic with the help of any diagrams or graphs. Such learners can read maps well. Experts have identified that such learners are good in subjects like geography, biology, biology. As they see the diagrams and retain the information easily.Provide visual analogies and metaphors. Teachers should provide a description which is more concerned with the visual sense. Use the words that can easily draw a visual image in the minds of the learners.For teachers, sometimes it gets hard to bring diagrams every time. Therefore, they should write the information on board so that visual learners can easily process the information.Use of colours while displaying the information. Most of the learners retain the information they see in bright colours like red.Teachers and instructors should ask the learners to make notes on every topic. This way, they themselves see the presentation of the work in their own writing.Highlighting the key points. Teachers should highlight the key points with some coloured pen or marker.Teaching strategies for Aural learnersAural learners have a good sense of sound. They make actions or respond to sound. They have a good memory of the conversations. Musical sounds attract them and cause anemotional stir in them as well. Teachers should adopt the following strategies while dealing with students who can learn well with the help of sounds.A teacher should allow them to be a part of discussions and debates. It helps in boosting confidence as well.Instructors should suggest audiobooks to such learners. They will learn things through audio tutorials as well.To make audio learners learn well, teachers should make audio recordings of the topics andsend them to students. They can listen to it in free time or at home.Read things loud in the classroom. Students will grab the voice and improve their learning as well.Teachers should also use mnemonics and rhythm.Read the text in the class by doing voice modulations. Different tones will provide better learning to students.Teaching strategies for Verbal learnersVerbal learners learn through words and linguistic skills. Teachers should allow such students to write and speak more. The more they speak, the more they will learn. Such learners often become good public speakers. Follow below-mentioned techniques to improve the learning in verbal learners.Use verbal teaching and writing technique to make students learn verbally. Allow them to memorise the text through reading and writing.Ask the learner to give a presentation in the class. The more they use their verbal skills, the more they will learn.Let them indulge in more interactive sessions. Allow them to interact with different people and acquire knowledge through conversation.Quizzes will help such students in learning. Provide quizzes and questionnaires to them.Teaching strategies for Logical learnersLogical learners understand things through logic and reasoning. They are good in subjects involving calculations. Therefore, math and physics are the best subjects for such students. Students who are logical learners are good at analysing things thus have strong analyticalskills. Adopt the following habits to help such learners.Provide them with logical reasoning questions.Compel them to use critical thinking while solving any problem.Provide them statistical figures and facts.Ask them to analyse any topic, visual information and prepare a report on it.Teaching strategies for Physical and Kinesthetic learnersPractical or physical learners process information through body movements or when they do some actions. Strategies to deal with such learners are:Use physical movements and hand movements to teach such students.Make them learn things with the help of exercises. Let these students walk while they read something.Let them write as much as they can, writing is a movement therefore, they will learn from it.Such learners will also learn through diagrams and graphs. Allow them to make as many drafts as possible.Make such students learn through case studies and surveys. In both tasks, they have to go out and meet people and have a conversation with them.Final WordsNow if you are still in doubt, let me help you out. Firstly, you can go ahead and experiment with all these techniques to find out the one which works the best for you. Ask yourself questions tofind out the preferences. For example, whether you would listen to a lecture or learn through a presentation and vice versa. You may also go for a group study session. Interacting with people does not only enrich your knowledge but also develops a feeling of competition. When you sit down to study alone analyse which technique helps you to memorise content for a longer period. I hope this article will help you to find out “what type of learner am I.”。
我把学习的人分为几类,英语作文
我把学习的人分为几类,英语作文I categorize learners into several types based on their learning styles and attitudes towards studying. In my experience, there are five main types of learners: the diligent learner, the passive learner, the social learner, the independent learner, and the competitive learner.The diligent learner is someone who is dedicated to their studies, always completing assignments on time and actively seeking out knowledge. They are organized, disciplined, and focused on their goals. These individuals excel in academia and are always looking for ways to challenge themselves and improve.The passive learner, on the other hand, is someone who lacks motivation and interest in learning. They may do the bare minimum to get by in their studies and often procrastinate on assignments. These learners often struggle in school and may need extra support and encouragement to succeed.The social learner thrives in group settings and enjoys collaborating with others. They learn best through discussions, group projects, and peer feedback. These individuals areoutgoing, communicative, and enjoy working with others to achieve a common goal.The independent learner is someone who prefers to study alone and is self-motivated. They are self-reliant, disciplined, and can set their own pace in their studies. These learners are resourceful, driven, and enjoy taking on new challenges independently.Lastly, the competitive learner is someone who thrives on challenges and enjoys outperforming their peers. They are ambitious, determined, and always looking for ways to stand out academically. These individuals are goal-oriented and enjoy pushing themselves to their limits.In conclusion, each type of learner has their strengths and weaknesses, and it’s important to reco gnize and support each individual’s unique learning style. By understanding these different types of learners, educators can tailor their teaching methods to better meet the needs of their students and help them succeed in their academic pursuits.。
谈谈学习方式的转变英语作文
谈谈学习方式的转变英语作文英文回答：The advent of the digital age has profoundly reshaped the educational landscape, leading to a paradigm shift in learning methodologies. In the past, traditional face-to-face learning reigned supreme, with students confined to the physical boundaries of classrooms and textbooks. Today, however, technology has empowered learners with unprecedented access to knowledge and resources, usheringin an era of blended learning and personalized learning experiences.Blended learning, also known as hybrid learning, seamlessly integrates online and offline learning modalities. Students engage in self-paced, interactive online modules to reinforce concepts introduced in class. This flexibility allows learners to tailor their education to their individual needs and schedules, enabling them to delve deeper into specific topics while accommodating theirextracurricular commitments.Personalized learning takes this adaptability a step further by recognizing that every learner has a unique set of strengths, interests, and learning styles. Technology-enabled platforms leverage artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to analyze student data and generate customized learning paths that cater to their specific needs. This approach empowers learners to progress at their own pace, focus on areas where they require additional support, and pursue their passions in a personalized learning environment.While traditional face-to-face instruction remains a valuable component of education, the integration of online learning has introduced several notable advantages. Technology-enhanced learning materials, such as interactive simulations, virtual field trips, and gamified learning experiences, enhance student engagement and make learning more enjoyable. Additionally, online platforms facilitate asynchronous communication, allowing students to connect with their peers and instructors outside of the classroomsetting, fostering a sense of community and continuous learning.However, the shift towards digital learning also presents certain challenges. Ensuring equitable access to technology and reliable internet connectivity remains paramount, particularly for students from underprivileged backgrounds. Additionally, it is essential to address potential issues related to digital literacy and thedigital divide, empowering learners with the necessaryskills to navigate the online learning landscape.In conclusion, the transformation of learning methodologies in the digital age is an ongoing process that requires collaboration between educators, policymakers, and technology providers. By embracing innovative approaches such as blended learning and personalized learning, we can create a more inclusive and effective educational system that empowers learners to reach their full potential in the 21st century.中文回答：学习方式的转变。
英语口语练习随机分组的缺点英语作文
Random Grouping in English SpeakingPractice: Its ShortcomingsIn the realm of language learning, especially English, speaking practice is crucial for fluency and confidence. However, random grouping for speaking practice, though commonly employed, has its inherent drawbacks. This essay delves into these shortcomings, exploring why random grouping might not always be the most effective approachfor enhancing English speaking skills.Firstly, random grouping can lead to mismatched language levels. In a classroom setting, students oftenvary widely in their proficiency levels. When randomly paired, a beginner might be grouped with an advanced learner, creating a situation where the more proficient student dominates the conversation, leaving the lesser-skilled student with little opportunity to practice. Conversely, two beginners might be paired together,resulting in a conversation that lacks depth and complexity, stalling their progress.Secondly, random grouping fails to account for personality types and learning styles. Some students aremore outgoing and extroverted, while others are more introverted and reserved. Similarly, some prefer a structured, teacher-led approach, while others thrive in a more free-form, student-centered environment. Random grouping often does not take these differences into account, leading to awkward silences or mismatched learning dynamics that can hinder effective practice.Moreover, random grouping lacks a focus on specific language goals. In a structured setting, teachers canassign specific topics or goals for conversation, allowing students to focus on areas they need to improve. However,in a random grouping scenario, conversations can become scattered and unstructured, lacking a clear purpose or objective. This can lead to students feeling frustrated and unfulfilled, as they may not feel they are making progress towards their language goals.Additionally, random grouping can create a sense of anonymity and detachment. When students are randomly paired, they may not feel a sense of ownership or responsibilityfor their learning partner. This can lead to a lack of engagement and motivation, as students may not see thedirect benefit of practicing with someone they do not knowor care about.Lastly, random grouping can be demotivating forstudents who feel they are not matched with compatible partners. If a student feels they are constantly pairedwith someone who is either too advanced or too beginner, they may feel discouraged and lose interest in the speaking practice. This can have a negative impact on their overall learning experience and motivation.In conclusion, while random grouping may seem like a convenient and efficient way to organize speaking practice, it has several significant drawbacks. From mismatched language levels to personality mismatches and a lack of focus on specific language goals, random grouping canhinder effective language learning. To address these issues, teachers and learners alike should consider alternative grouping strategies that take into account language proficiency, personality types, learning styles, andspecific language goals. By doing so, they can create amore engaged, purposeful, and effective learningenvironment that fosters true language fluency and confidence.**英语口语练习随机分组的缺点**在语言学习领域，尤其是英语学习中，口语练习对于提高流利度和自信心至关重要。
一个英语老师应具备的素质英语作文
一个英语老师应具备的素质英语作文Qualities of a Good English TeacherAs an English teacher, there are certain qualities that one must possess in order to be effective in their role. These qualities go beyond just having a strong command of the English language, as they also involve being able to inspire and motivate students to learn and improve their language skills. In this article, we will explore some of the key qualities that a good English teacher should have.First and foremost, a good English teacher should be passionate about the English language and literature. This passion should be evident in the way they teach and engage with their students. A teacher who is genuinely enthusiastic about the subject matter is more likely to inspire their students to learn and grow in their own understanding of English.Another important quality for an English teacher is patience. Learning a language can be a challenging and frustrating process, so it is important for a teacher to be patient with their students as they navigate through the complexities of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. A patient teacher will be able toexplain concepts in multiple ways and provide additional support when needed.In addition to patience, a good English teacher should also be a good communicator. This involves not only being able to effectively explain concepts and ideas, but also being able to listen to and understand the needs and concerns of their students. By being a good communicator, a teacher can create a supportive and inclusive learning environment for their students.Flexibility is another important quality for an English teacher to possess. Every student is different, with their own unique learning styles and preferences. A flexible teacher will be able to adapt their teaching methods to accommodate the needs of each individual student, whether that involves using different types of media, adjusting the pace of the lessons, or providing additional resources for further study.Creativity is also a key quality for an English teacher to have.A creative teacher will be able to come up with engaging and innovative ways to teach the material, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective for their students. This could involve incorporating games, activities, or multimedia resources into the lessons to keep students interested and motivated.Finally, a good English teacher should be a lifelong learner themselves. The English language is constantly evolving, with new words, phrases, and uses being introduced all the time. A teacher who is committed to their own professional development will be able to stay up-to-date with these changes and incorporate them into their teaching, ensuring that their students are receiving the most current and relevant information.In conclusion, a good English teacher should possess a combination of passion, patience, communication skills, flexibility, creativity, and a commitment to lifelong learning. By embodying these qualities, a teacher can create a positive and effective learning environment for their students, helping them to improve their English language skills and reach their full potential.。
learners a personalized plan and tutoring
learners a personalized plan andtutoringLearners can receive personalized plans and tutoring that are tailored to their individual needs and learning styles. This personalized approach can help learners to achieve their learning goals more effectively and efficiently.Personalized plans and tutoring can be designed based on the learner's current knowledge, skills, and interests. The plan can include a variety of learning materials and activities that are appropriate for the learner's level and pace. For example, if a learner is struggling with a particular concept, the plan can include additional practice exercises or explanations to help them master the concept.Tutoring can also be personalized to meet the learner's needs. A tutor can provide one-on-one support and guidance to help the learner understand difficult concepts, complete assignments, and prepare for exams. The tutor can also adapt their teaching style to match the learner's learning style, such as using visual aids, hands-on activities, or group discussions.Personalized plans and tutoring can also be adjusted over time as the learner's needs and goals change. This flexibility can help learners to stay motivated and engaged in their learning, and can ensure that they are making progress towards their goals.In summary, personalized plans and tutoring can provide learners with a more effective and efficient learning experience. By tailoring the learning materials and activities to the learner's individual needs and learning styles, learners can achieve their learning goals more easily and quickly.。
LearningStyles(学习方式)
LearningStyles(学习方式)LearningStyles(学习方式)LearningStyles(学习方式) learning styleseducators have known for a long time that people learn in different ways. that is why teachers present information in various forms. for example, as well as explaining a new language, language teachers often provide other learning experiences such as books, charts, videos, audio cassettes,songs, debates and group work. in this way, all students in a class have an opportunity to learn in the way that best suits them.in the last 50 years or so, researchers have been studying learners in an attempt to identify all thepossible learning styles that humans use. they have found that we can very roughly divide people into three groups those who learn best through seeing, those who learn best through listening and those who learn best through moving, doing or touching.some research has identified eight distinct learning styles, and researchers have made up tests to find out which of theselearning styles best suits different people. these tests show that, although most people have one dominant style of learning, they are also able to use other learning styles effectively. some people even seem to have many different learning styles.the advantage of knowing what kind of learner you are is that you can then study in the way that best suits your learning style.学习方式长期以来教育家们就知道人们的学习方式不尽相同。
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Learning Styles – Tips for learning and teaching
People not only learn at different rates, but also in different ways. Some
students want their teacher to write everything out on the board. Others
prefer to listen. Some like to sit in small groups and discuss a question;
others like to listen to a lecture, translating it into pictorial doodles in their
notebook.
The following are some ways people learn and some tips to help each type of learner
do so better. Once you understand your learning style, you may be able to
adjust your approach to the classroom and your study habits for
maximum benefit.
Older students tend to have multiple learning styles because their experience (jobs, military service, spouse and children) has taught them to adapt. The most important thing to remember is – do what works for you!
If you are a VISUAL learner, then by all means be sure that you look at all study materials. Use
charts, maps, filmstrips, notes, and flashcards. Practice visualizing or picturing words or
concepts in your head. Write out everything for frequent and quick visual review.
If you are an AUDITORY learner, you may wish to use tapes. Tape lectures to help you fill
in the gaps in your notes. Listen and take notes –reviewing notes frequently. Sit in the
lecture hall or classroom where you can hear well. After you have read something, summarize
it and recite it aloud.
If you are a TACTILE learner, trace words as you are saying them. Facts that must be learned
should be written several times. Keep a supply of scratch paper for this purpose. Taking and
keeping lecture notes will be very important. Make study sheets.。