Silas Marner分析

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穆林斯效应

马林斯效应（Marinescu效应），有时也被称为应力软化现象，是指材料在经历负载和卸载过程后，当再次受到相同负载时，其应力会小于之前卸载时的应力。

这种现象通常在材料力学领域进行研究，特别是在研究材料的疲劳行为和长期应力松弛特性时。

具体来说，马林斯效应描述的是材料在循环载荷作用下的一种行为，即当一个材料部件在交变应力作用下反复加载和卸载时，其应力-应变关系会发生变化。

这种效应导致材料在后续的加载循环中表现出更高的应力水平，从而加速疲劳损伤过程。

马林斯效应的原因可能包括：
1. 微观结构的变化：材料在循环载荷作用下，其微观结构可能会发生变化，如微裂纹的扩展和聚集，这些微裂纹的存在会增加材料的应力集中，从而在后续加载时导致更高的应力。

2. 位错结构的调整：在晶体材料中，位错结构在循环载荷下会发生调整，这可能会影响材料的塑性变形能力和应力-应变关系。

3. 塑性变形记忆效应：某些材料在经历塑性变形后，其变形模式可能会在后续的加载中得到保留，这种记忆效应可能导致材料在相同应力水平下表现出不同的应变响应。

4. 残余应力的影响：在循环载荷作用下，材料可能会产生残余应力，这些应力在后续加载过程中会对材料的应力-应变行为产生影响。

马林斯效应对于工程设计和材料选择具有重要意义，因为它影响材料的疲劳寿命和可靠性。

在设计承受循环载荷的结构时，需要考虑到这种效应，以确保结构的安全性和寿命。

例如，在建筑、航空航天和汽车工业中，了解和预测材料的马林斯效应对于确保结构件的性能和寿命至关重要。

窄门简介故事梗概

窄门简介故事梗概
《窄门》是法国作家安德烈·纪德的著名小说，也被翻拍成电影。

故事发生在19世纪的法国乡村，描写了一个关于宗教、爱情和痛苦的悲剧故事。

故事的主要情节围绕着主人公Silas Marner展开。

Silas Marner是一个虔诚的信徒，但因为一系列不幸的事件，他离开了自己的家乡，来到一个叫里特尔的村庄，过着孤独的生活。

在里特尔，他以织布为生，过着与世隔绝的生活，因为他被误解和孤立，成为了村民们口中的怪胎。

然而，当一个小女孩Eppie出现在他的生活中时，一切都发生了改变。

Eppie是一个被遗弃的孩子，被Silas Marner收养并抚养长大。

通过Eppie的出现，Silas重新找到了生活的意义，他的生活也因此焕发出新的希望和活力。

整个故事充满了对信仰、人性和幸福的深刻思考，以及对孤独、困苦和希望的描绘。

这部小说以其温情和深刻的内涵，成为了安德烈·纪德的经典之作。

劳伦斯纽曼研究方法笔记

劳伦斯纽曼研究方法笔记（原创实用版3篇）目录（篇1）1.研究背景2.研究方法3.研究结果4.研究的局限性和未来发展方向5.结论正文（篇1）一、研究背景劳伦斯纽曼是一位著名的心理学家，他的研究领域主要涉及认知心理学和行为经济学。

他的研究旨在探索人类决策过程中的心理机制，以及这些机制如何影响我们的经济行为。

二、研究方法劳伦斯纽曼在研究中采用了多种方法，包括实验、调查和实地研究。

他使用实验方法来测试假设，通过调查方法收集数据，并利用实地研究方法来深入了解个体决策的过程。

三、研究结果劳伦斯纽曼的研究结果表明，人们在做出决策时往往受到情绪和心理偏见的影响，而非完全理性。

他发现，情绪状态会影响我们的决策，而心理偏见则可能导致我们做出不理性的选择。

这些发现对理解人类决策过程具有重要意义。

四、研究的局限性和未来发展方向劳伦斯纽曼的研究也存在一些局限性，例如实验设计可能存在偏差，实地研究可能受到外部环境的影响等。

然而，这些局限性并没有阻止他的研究继续深入。

未来，劳伦斯纽曼将继续探索人类决策过程中的心理机制，以及这些机制如何影响我们的经济行为。

五、结论劳伦斯纽曼的研究为认知心理学和行为经济学领域的发展做出了重要贡献。

他的研究成果表明，人类的决策过程并非完全理性，情绪和心理偏见会对我们的决策产生影响。

这一结论对理解和解决金融市场中的不理性行为具有重要意义。

目录（篇2）1.研究背景2.研究方法3.研究结果4.研究的局限性和未来发展方向正文（篇2）一、研究背景劳伦斯纽曼是当代著名的心理学家，他的研究领域主要涉及认知心理学和神经心理学。

在认知心理学方面，纽曼主要关注人类信息处理的过程，尤其是视觉信息处理；而在神经心理学方面，他致力于研究神经系统的结构和功能，以及神经系统与心理过程之间的关系。

二、研究方法纽曼的研究方法综合了多种学科，包括心理学、神经科学和计算机科学等。

他采用的方法包括实验法、观察法和相关法。

在实验法中，纽曼使用实验设计来探索人类对不同类型信息的处理方式；在观察法中，他通过观察人类行为来了解他们的心理过程；在相关法中，他利用统计学方法来分析实验和观察结果之间的联系。

2016年10月北美新SAT真题(附参考答案)_无水印高清哦

11SAT小帮手原创题目，版权所有，请勿盗用或者去掉我们的水印！去掉我们的水印这样很不尊重人你知道吗！12Which choice best describes a major theme of thepassage?A) The corrupting influence of a materialistic society.B) The moral purity of young children.C) The bittersweet brevity of childhood naiveté.D) The restorative power of parental love.As compared with Silas’s gold, Eppie is portrayed ashaving moreA) vitality.B) durability.C) protection.D) Self-sufficiency.34Which statement best describes a technique thatnarrator uses to represent Silas’s character before headopted Eppie?A) The narrator emphasizes Sila’s former obsessionwith wealth by depicting his gold as requiringcertain behaviors on his part.B) The narrator underscores Sila’s former greed bydescribing his gold as seeming to reproduce onits own.C) The narrator hints at Sila’s former antitheticalattitude by contrasting his present behaviortoward his neighbors with his past behaviortoward them.D) The narrator demonstrates Sila’s former lack ofself-awareness by implying that he is unable torecall life before Eppie.Th e narrator uses the phrase “making trial ofeverything” (line 7) to present Eppie asA) friendly.B) curious.C) disobedient.D) judgmental.5According to the narrator, one consequence of Silasadopting Eppie is that heA) has renounced all desire for moneyB) better understands his place in nature.C) seems more accepting of help from others.D) looks forward to a different kind of future.116Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) lines 9-11 (“The ... itself”)B) lines 11-15 (“but ... years”)C) lines 38-40 (“Then ... stillness,”)D) lines 56-59 (“shapes ... for”)78What function does the second paragraph (lines 28-48) serve in the passage as a whole?A) It presents the particular moment at which Silasrecalled that Eppie was changing him.B) It highlights Silas’s love for Eppie by depictingthe sacrifices that he makes for her.C) It illustrates the effect that Eppie have on Silas bydescribing the interaction between them.D) It reveals a significant alteration in therelationship between Silas and Eppie.In describing the relationship between Eppie andSilas, the narrator draws a connection betweenEppie’sA) physical vulnerability and Silas’s emotionalfragility.B) expanding awareness and Silas’s increasingengagement with life.C) boundless energy and Silas’s insatiable desire forwealth.D) physical growth and Silas’s painful perception ofhis own mortality.9Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) lines 1-9 (“Unlike ... her.”)B) lines 28-35 (“And ... fl owers”)C) lines 43-44 (“Sitting ... again”)D) lines 49-53 (“As ... consciousness”)10As used in line 60, “fine” most nearly meansA) acceptable.B) delicate.C) ornate.D) keen.SAT 小帮手原创题目，版权所有，请勿盗用或者去掉我们的水印！Questions 11-21 are based on the following passages.This passage is adapted from David Rotman, “HowTechnology is Destroying Jobs.” ©2013 by MIT Technology Review.MIT business scholars Erik Brynjolfsson andAndrew McAfee have argued that impressive advances in computer technology—from improved industrial robotics to automated translation services—are largely behind the sluggish employment growth of the last 10 to 15 years. Even more ominous for workers, they foresee dismal prospects for many types of jobs as these powerful new technologies are increasingly adopted not only in manufacturing, clerical, and retail work but in professions such as law, fi nancial services, education, and medicine. Th at robots, automation, and so ft ware can replace people might seem obvious to anyone who’s worked in automotive manufacturing or as a travel agent. But Brynjolfsson and McAfee’s claim is more troubling and controversial. Th ey believe that rapid technologicalchange has been destroying jobs faster than it is creating them, contributing to the stagnation of median income and the growth of inequality in the United States. And, they suspect, something similar is happening in other technologically advanced countries.As evidence, Brynjolfsson and McAfee point to a chart that only an economist could love. In economics, productivity—the amount of economic value created for a given unit of input, such as an hour of labor—is a crucial indicator of growth and wealth creation. It is a measure of progress. On the chart Brynjolfsson likes to show, separate lines represent productivity and total employment in the United States. For years a ft er World War II, the two lines closely tracked each other, with increases in jobs corresponding to increases inproductivity. Th e pattern is clear: as businesses generated more value from their workers, the country as a whole became richer, which fueled more economic activity and created even more jobs. Th en, beginning in 2000, the lines diverge; productivity continues to rise robustly, but employment suddenly wilts. By 2011, a signi fi cant gap appears between the two lines, showing economic growth with no parallel increase in job creation. Brynjolfsson and McAfee call it the “great decoupling.” And BrynjolfssonLine 510152025303540455055606570758085says he is con fi dent that technology is behind both thehealthy growth in productivity and the weak growth in jobs.It’s a startling assertion because it threatens the faith that many economists place in technological progress. Brynjolfsson and McAfee still believe that technology boosts productivity and makes societies wealthier, but they think that it can also have a dark side: technological progress is eliminating the need for many types of jobs and leaving the typical worker worse o ff than before. Brynjolfsson can point to a second chart indicating that median income is failing to rise even as the gross domestic product soars. “It’s the great paradox of our era,” he says. “Productivity is at record levels, innovation has never been faster, and yet at the same time, we have a falling median income and we have fewer jobs. People are falling behind because technology is advancing so fast and our skills and organizations aren’t keeping up.” While such technological changes can be painful for workers whose skills no longer match the needs of employers, Lawrence Katz, a Harvard economist, says that no historical pattern shows these shi ft s leading to a net decrease in jobs over an extended period. Katz has done extensive research on how technological advances have a ff ected jobs over the last few centuries—describing, for example, how highly skilled artisans in the mid-19th century were displaced by lower-skilled workers in factories. While it can take decades for workers to acquire the expertise needed for new types of employment, he says, “we never have run out of jobs. Th ere is no long-term trend of eliminating work for people. Over the long term, employment rates are fairly stable. People have always been able to create new jobs. People come up with new things to do.”Still, Katz doesn’t dismiss the notion that there is something di ff erent about today’s digital technologies—something that could a ff ect an even broader range of work. Th e question, he says, is whether economic history will serve as a useful guide. Will the job disruptions caused by technology be temporary as the workforce adapts, or will we see a science-fi ction scenario in which automated processes and robots with superhuman skills take over a broad swath of human tasks? Th ough Katz expects the historical pattern to hold, it is “genuinely a question,” he says. “If technology disrupts enough, who knows what will happen?”Figure 1United Sates Productivity and Employment500400300200100Figure 2Output per Employed Person in Manufacturing as Factories Have Become More Automated196019701980199020002011P e r c e n t a g e o f 1947 l e v e l sO u t p u t p e r w o r k e r (2002 v a l u e s =100)I, xiaobanshou, drew this! I'm pround of myself.SAT小帮手原创题目，版权所有，请勿盗用或者去掉我们的水印！去掉我们的水印这样很不尊重人你知道吗！12According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee,advancements in technology since approximately the year 2000 have resulted inA) low job growth in the United States.B) global workplace changes.C) more skilled laborers in the United States.D) no global creation of new jobs.13Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) lines 1-6 (“MIT ... years”)B) lines 11-13 (“That ... agent”)C) lines 18-20 (“And, ... countries”)D) lines 31-34 (“as ... jobs”)14Th e primary purpose of lines 23-24 (“ the amount ...labor”) is toA) describe a process.B) highlight a dilemma.C) clarify a claim.D) explain a term,As used in lines 31, “clear” most nearly meansA) pure.B) keen.C) untroubled.D) unmistakable.1516Which of the following best characterizes Katz’sattitude toward “today’s digital technologies” (lines75)?A) He is alarmed about countries’ increasingreliance on them.B) He is unconcerned about their effect on theeconomy.C) He is uncertain how they might affect jobgrowth.D) He is optimistic that they will spot job creationto a degree not seen since the mid-nineteenthcentury.11The main purpose of the passage is toA) examine the role of technology in worker’s livesduring the last century.B) advocate for better technology to enhanceworkplace conditions.C) argue for changes in how technology is deployedin the workplace.D) assess the impact of advancements in technologyon overall job growth.1119According to fi gure 1, which of the following years showed the widest gap between percentages of productivity and employment?A) 1987B) 1997C) 2007D) 201320Which statement is supported by figure 2?A) The country with the greatest growth in outputper manufacturing worker from 1960 to 1990 was Germany.B) Japan experienced its smallest increase in outputper manufacturing worker from 2000 to 2011.C) Each of the three countries experienced anincrease in its output per manufacturing worker from 1960 to 2011.D) Of the three countries, the United States had thegreatest output per manufacturing worker for each of the years shown.21Which additional information, if presented in figure 2, would be most useful in evaluating the statement in lines 53-55 (“Productivity ... jobs”)?A) The median income of employees as it comparesacross all three countries in a single year.B) The number of people employed in factoriesfrom 1960 to 2011.C) The type of organizations at which output ofemployed persons was measured.D) The kinds of manufacturing tasks mostfrequently taken over by machines.18As used in line 76, “range” most nearly means A) region.B) scope.C) distance.D) position.17Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?A) lines 62-67 (“Katz ... factories”)B) lines 67-69 (“While ... jobs.”)C) lines 72-73 (“People ... do”)D) lines 84-85 (“If ... happen”)SAT 小帮手原创题目，版权所有，请勿盗用或者去掉我们的水印！去掉我们的水印这样很不尊重人你知道吗！Questions 22-33 are based on the following passages.This passage is adapted from Patricia Waldron, “Why Birds Fly in a V Formation.” ©2014 by American Association for the Advancement of ScienceAnyone watching the autumn sky knows that migrating birds fl y in a V formation, but scientists have long debated why. A new study of ibises fi nds that these big-winged birds carefully position their wingtips and sync their fl apping, presumably to catch the preceding bird’s updra ft —and save energy during fl ight.Th ere are two reasons birds might fl y in a V formation: It may make fl ight easier, or they’re simply following the leader. Squadrons of planes can save fuel by fl ying in a V formation, and many scientists suspect that migrating birds do the same. Models that treated fl apping birds like fi xed-wing airplanes estimate that they save energy by dra ft ing o ff each other, but currents created by airplanes are far more stable than the oscillating eddies coming o ff of a bird. “Air gets pretty darn wiggy behind a fl apping wing,” says James Usherwood, a locomotor biomechanist at the Royal Veterinary College at the University of London in Hat fi eld, where the research took place. Th e study, published in Nature, took advantage of an existing project to reintroduce endangered northern bald ibises (Geronticus eremita) to Europe. Scientists used a microlight plane to show hand-raised birds their ancestral migration route from Austria to Italy. A fl ock of 14 juveniles carried data loggers specially built by Usherwood and his lab. Th e device’s GPS determined each bird’s fl ight position to within 30 cm, and an accelerometer showed the timing of the wing fl aps.Just as aerodynamic estimates would predict, the birds positioned themselves to fl y just behind and to the side of the bird in front, timing their wing beats to catch the upli ft ing eddies. When a bird fl ew directly behind another, the timing of the fl apping reversed so that it could minimize the e ff ects of the downdra ft coming o ff the back of the bird’s body. “We didn’t think this was possible,” Usherwood says, considering that the feat requires careful fl ight and incredible awareness of one’s neighbors. “Perhaps these big V formation birds can be thought of quite like an airplane with wings that go up and down.”Line 5101520253035Th e fi ndings likely apply to other long-winged birds,such as pelicans, storks, and geese, Usherwood says. Smaller birds create more complex wakes that would make dra ft ing too di ffi cult. Th e researchers did not attempt to calculate the bird’s energy savings because the necessary physiological measurements would be too invasive for an endangered species. Previous studies estimate that birds can use 20% to 30% less energy while fl ying in a V .“From a behavioral perspective it’s really a breakthrough,” says David Lentink, a mechanicalengineer at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, who was not involved in the work. “Showing that birds care about syncing their wing beats is de fi nitely an important insight that we didn’t have before.” To de fi nitively say that the birds are dra ft ing o ff each other, however, the exact location of the eddies and the areas of downdra ft would need to be measured on ibises, which would require fl ying them in a wind tunnel—a far more intrusive process than simply carrying a data logger. Scientists do not know how the birds fi nd that aerodynamic sweet spot, but they suspect that theanimals align themselves either by sight or by sensing air currents through their feathers. Alternatively, they may move around until they fi nd the location with the least resistance. In future studies, the researchers will switch to more common birds, such as pigeons or geese. Th ey plan to investigate how the animals decide who sets the course and the pace, and whether a mistake made by the leader can ripple through the rest of the fl ock to cause tra ffi c jams.“It’s a pretty impressive piece of work as it is, but it does suggest that there’s a lot more to learn,” says Ty Hedrick, a biologist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, who studies fl ight aerodynamics in birds and insects. However they do it, he says, “birds are awfully good hang-glider pilots.”40455055606570751125Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?A) lines 3-6 (“A ... fl ight”)B) lines 9-11 (“Squadrons ... same”)C) lines 19-21 (“Th e ... Europe”)D) lines 25-27 (“Th e ... fl aps”)What is the most likely reason that the author mentions 30 cm measurement in line…?A) To demonstrate the accuracy with which thedata loggers collected the data.B) To present recorded data about how an ibis fliesbetween successive flaps.C) To provide the wingspan length of a juvenile.D) To show how far behind the microlight fromwhich each ibis flew.2623The author includes the quotation “Air gets pretty unpredictable behind a flapping wing” (lines 15-16) toA) explain that the current created by a bird differsfrom that of an airplane.B) stress the amount of control exerted by birdsflying in a V formation.C) indicate that wind movement is continuouslychanging.D) emphasize that the flapping of a bird’s wings ispowerful.What can reasonably be inferred about the reason Usherwood used northern bald ibises as the subjects of his study?A) The ibises were well acquainted with theirmigration route.B) Usherwood knew the ibises were familiar withcarrying data loggers during migration.C) The ibises have a body design that is similar tothat of a modern airplane.D) The ibises were easily accessible for Usherwoodand his team to track and observe.2422The main purpose of the passage is toA) describe how squadrons of planes can save fuelby flying in a V formation.B) discuss the effects of downdrafts on birds andairplanes.C) explain research conducted to study why somebirds fly in a V formation.D) Illustrate how birds sense currents through theirfeathers.去掉我们的水印这样很不尊重人你知道吗！27What does the author imply about pelicans, storks, and geese flying in a V formation?A) They communicate with each other in the sameway as do ibises.B) They have the same migration routes as theibises.C) They create a similar wake to that of ibises.D) They expend more energy than do ibises.28Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) lines 31-34 (“When ... body”)B) lines 42-43 (“Smaller ... di ffi cult”)C) lines 46-48 (“Previous ... V”)D) lines 63-65 (“Alternatively, ... resistance”)30Th e author uses the phrase “aerodynamic sweet spot”in line 61 most likely toA) describe how the proper structural design of anairplane helps to save fuel.B) show that fl ying can be an exhilaratingexperience.C) describe the birds’ synchronized wing movement.D) suggest that a certain position in a V formationfaces the least amount of resistance.31As used in line 69, “ripple” most nearly meansA) fluctuate.B) spread.C) wave.D) undulate.29What is a main idea of the seventh paragraph (lines 60-70)?A) Different types of hierarchies exist in each flockof birds.B) Mistakes can happen when long-winged birdscreate a V formation.C) Future research will help scientists to betterunderstand V formation.D) Long-winged birds watch the lead bird closelykeep a V formation intact.11Questions 32-42 are based on the following passages.This passage is adapted from Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Volume 2. Originally published in 1840. Passage 2 is adapted from Harriet Taylor Mill,“Enfranchisement of Women.” Originally published in 1851. As United States and European societies grew increasingly democratic during the nineteenth century, debates arose about whether freedoms enjoyed by men should be extended to women as well.Passage1I Have shown how democracy destroys or modi fi es the di ff erent inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately a ff ect that great inequality of man and woman which has seemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman and make her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.Th ere are people in Europe who, confounding together the di ff erent characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. Th ey would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things — their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women. It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. Th ey admit, that as nature has appointed such wide di ff erences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to ful fi l their respective tasks in the best possible manner. Th e Americans have applied toLine 51015202530the sexes the great principle of political economy whichgoverns the manufactures of our age, by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.Passage2As society was constituted until the last fewgenerations, inequality was its very basis; association grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly cooperate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other. Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women being the nearest and most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw o ff the old rule and receive the new; for in proportion to the strength of a feeling, is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated.… Th e proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained, without complete liberty of choice… Let every occupation be open to all, without favour or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. Th ere need be no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved--by trial; and the world will have the bene fi t of the best faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare thatwhatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall no be exerted, or shall be exerted only in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most e ff ectual mode of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.354045505560657075SAT 小帮手原创题目，版权所有，请勿盗用或者去掉我们的水印！去掉我们的水印这样很不尊重人你知道吗！33In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence?A) Neither sex would feel oppressed.B) Both sexes would be greatly harmed.C) Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.D) Men and women would have privileges they donot need.3435Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?A) lines 14-16 (“There ... alike”)B) lines 16-18 (“They ... rights”)C) lines 20-22 (“It ... degraded”)D) lines 24-26 (“It ... sexes”)As used in line 47, “dominion” most nearly means A) omnipotence B) supremacy C) ownership D) territoryIn Passage 2, Mill most strongly suggest that gender roles are resistant to changes because they A) have long served as the basis for the formedorganization of society.B) are matters of deeply entrenched traditions.C) can be influenced by legislative redresses onlyindirectly.D) benefit the groups and institutions currently inpower3637Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?A) lines 39-40 (“As ... basis”)B) lines 42-45 (“two ... other”)C) lines 52-55 (“in ... associated”)D) lines 60-63 (“employments ... them”)32As used in line 8, “raise” most nearly means A) increase.B) cultivate.C) nurture.D) elevate.1139Tocqueville in Passage 1 would most likelycharacterize the position taken by Mill in lines 59-63 in Passage 2 (“Let … them”) asA) less radical about gender roles than it mightinitially seem.B) persuasive in the abstract but di ffi cult toimplement in practice.C) ill-advised but consistent with a view held bysome other advocates of gender equality.D) compatible with economic progress in the UnitedStates but not in Europe.Both authors would most likely agree that thechanges in gender roles that they describe would be A) part of a broad social shift toward greaterequality.B) unlikely to provide benefits that outweigh theircosts.C) inevitable given the economic advantages ofgender equality.D) at odds with the principles of Americandemocracy.38Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceived of the individual’s proper position in society?A) Tocqueville believes that an individual’s positionshould be defined in important ways by that individual’s sex, while Mill believes that an individual’s abilities should be the determining factor.B) Tocqueville believes that an individual’seconomic class should determine thatindividual’s position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration.C) Tocqueville believes that an individual’stemperament should determine that individual’s position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual’s position.D) Tocqueville believes that an individual’s positionshould be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding.41Based on Passage 2, Mill would most likely say that the application of the “great principle of political economy” (lines 35, Passage 1) to gender has which effect?A) It prevents many men and women fromdeveloping to their full potential.B) It makes it difficult for men and women tosympathize with each other.C) It unintentionally furthers the cause of genderequality.D) It guarantees that women taken occupations thatmen are better suited to perform.40SAT 小帮手原创题目，版权所有，请勿盗用或者去掉我们的水印！去掉我们的水印这样很不尊重人你知道吗！Questions 43-52 are based on the following passages.This passage is adapted from Brain Greene, “How the Higgs Boson Was Found” ©by Smithsonian magazine. The Higgs boson is an elementary particle associated with the Higgs fi eld – Experiments conducted in 2012-2013 tentatively con fi rmed the existence of the Higgs Boson and thus of the Higgs fi eld.Nearly a half-century ago, Peter Higgs and a handful of other physicists were trying to understand the origin of a basic physical feature: mass. Y ou can think ofmass as an object’s he ft or, a little more precisely, as the resistance it o ff ers to having its motion changed. Push on a freight train (or a feather) to increase its speed, and the resistance you feel re fl ects its mass. At a microscopic level, the freight train’s mass comes from its constituent molecules and atoms, which are themselves built from fundamental particles, electrons and quarks. But where do the masses of these and other fundamental particles come from?When physicists in the 1960s modeled the behavior of these particles using equations rooted in quantum physics, they encountered a puzzle. If they imagined that the particles were all massless, then each term in the equations clicked into a perfectly symmetric pattern, like the tips of a perfect snow fl ake. And this symmetry was not just mathematically elegant. It explained patterns evident in the experimental data. But—and here’s the puzzle—physicists knew that the particles did have mass, and when they modi fi ed the equations to account for this fact, the mathematical harmony was spoiled. Th e equations became complex and unwieldy and, worse still, inconsistent.What to do? Here’s the idea put forward by Higgs. Don’t shove the particles’ masses down the throat of the beautiful equations. Instead, keep the equations pristine and symmetric, but consider them operating within a peculiar environment. Imagine that all of space isuniformly fi lled with an invisible substance—now called the Higgs fi eld—that exerts a drag force on particles when they accelerate through it. Push on a fundamental particle in an e ff ort to increase its speed and, according to Higgs, you would feel this drag force as a resistance.Line 5101520253035Justi fi ably, you would interpret the resistance as the particle’s mass. For a mental toehold, think of a ping-pong ball submerged in water. When you push on the ping-pong ball, it will feel much more massive than it does outside of water. Its interaction with the watery environment has the e ff ect of endowing it with mass. So with particles submerged in the Higgs fi eld.In 1964, Higgs submitted a paper to a prominent physics journal in which he formulated this ideamathematically. Th e paper was rejected. Not because it contained a technical error, but because the premise of an invisible something permeating space, interacting with particles to provide their mass, well, it all just seemed like heaps of overwrought speculation. Th e editors of the journal deemed it “of no obvious relevance to physics.” But Higgs persevered (and his revised paper appeared later that year in another journal), and physicists who took the time to study the proposal gradually realized that his idea was a stroke of genius, one that allowed them to have their cake and eat it too. In Higgs’ scheme, the fundamental equations can retain their pristine form because the dirty work of providing the particles’ masses is relegated to the environment.While I wasn’t around to witness the initial rejection of Higgs’ proposal in 1964 (well, I was around, but only barely), I can attest that by the mid-1980s, the assessment had changed. Th e physics community had, for the most part, fully bought into the idea that there was a Higgs fi eld permeating space. In fact, in a graduate course I took that covered what’s known as the Standard Model of Particle Physics (the quantum equations physicists have assembled to describe the particles of matter and the dominant forces by which they in fl uence each other), the professor presented the Higgs fi eld with such certainty that for a long while I had no idea it had yet to beestablished experimentally. On occasion, that happens in physics. Mathematical equations can sometimes tell such a convincing tale, they can seemingly radiate reality so strongly, that they become entrenched in the vernacular of working physicists, even before there’s data to con fi rm them.4045505560657075。

morris灵敏度方法原理

morris灵敏度方法原理Morris灵敏度方法是一种用于确定敏感性的算法，它能够分析一个系统中哪些因素对输出结果的变化具有显著影响。

该方法广泛应用于敏感度分析、参数优化和可靠性评估等领域。

1.基本原理：Morris灵敏度分析方法采用一种概率均匀抽样的方式，来估计每个模型输入因子（参数）在输出结果中的重要性。

它通过比较系统在不同输入参数值上的输出结果变化情况来度量每个参数的敏感性。

2.算法步骤：（1）参数采样：首先，根据确定的参数范围和分布，对每个参数进行概率抽样，得到一组候选参数向量。

通常采用拉丁超立方抽样（Latin Hypercube Sampling）的方法，以保证参数均匀分布。

（2）扰动计算：对于每个候选参数向量，将其中一个参数的值按照一定的步长进行扰动。

步长通常由用户指定，较小的步长会得到更精确的灵敏度结果，但也会增加计算成本。

（3）输出值计算：对于扰动后的参数向量进行输入，并计算相应的输出结果。

（4）灵敏度度量：对每个参数，通过比较输出结果的变化情况，计算其灵敏度度量值。

通常使用一种称为"元-距离"（Elementary Effect）的度量方法，即输出结果在参数扰动后的值与原始结果的差值。

（5）重复计算：为了提高结果的准确性，需要多次重复上述步骤，每次通过不同的参数抽样和扰动来获取一组灵敏度度量值。

（6）结果统计：最后，对多次重复计算得到的灵敏度度量值进行统计分析，以确定每个参数的重要性。

常用的统计指标包括均值、方差、最大值和最小值等。

3.分析结果解释：通过Morris灵敏度分析方法，可以得到每个参数的灵敏度度量值。

这些度量值可以用于解释不同参数对系统输出结果的贡献程度。

较高的灵敏度度量值表示该参数对输出结果的影响较大，较低的灵敏度度量值则表示该参数对输出结果的影响较小。

4.优势和应用：（1）计算量相对较小：相对于其他敏感度分析方法，例如全局敏感度分析中的蒙特卡洛方法，Morris灵敏度方法具有较小的计算量，能够在较短时间内完成分析。

英美文学作家作品汇总精品

英国文学作家作品British Writers and WorksI. The Late Medieval AgesGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德② The House of Fame声誉之宫The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人II The Renaissance1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599①The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535Utopia乌托邦3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Advancement of Learning学术的推进Novum Organum新工具Essays随笔4. ben jonsonVolpone, or the fox5.Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616⑴ the first periodHenry IVRichard IIIThe Comedy Of ErrorsTitus AndronicusThe Taming Of The ShrewThe Two Gentlemen Of The VeronaLove’S Labour’S LostRomeo And Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶⑵ the second periodRichard IIA Midsummer Night’S DreamKing JohnMerchant Of Venice威尼斯商人Henry IV亨利四世Much Ado About NothingJulius Caesar尤利乌斯•凯撒As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night⑶ The Third PeriodHamlet哈姆莱特Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王Macbeth麦克白Antony And Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Troilus And CressidaTimon Of Athens⑷ The Fourth PeriodPericlesCymbelineThe Winter’S TaleThe TempestHenry Viii⑸ Poetry:Venus And Adonis;The Rape Of Lucrece (Venus And Lucrece);The Passionate Pilgrim,The SonnetsIII The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674① Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙② Areopagitica论出版自由The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程The Life and Death of Mr Badman败德先生传3. John Dryden约翰•德莱顿1631~1700An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗All for Love一切为了爱情Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔4. John Donne① Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子② Songs And SonnetsDevotions Upon Emergent OccasionsHoly SonnetsIV The 18th Century1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744①Essay on Criticism批评论The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记②Moral Essays道德论Essay on Man人论The Dunciad愚人记2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784①Dictionary =The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典The Lives of Great Poets诗人传② The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻London伦敦A Letter To His Patron3. James BoswellLife Of Johnson4.Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议The Battle of Books书战A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信5. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Moll FlandersColonel JacqueCaptain singleton6. Samuel Richardson塞缪尔•理查逊1689~1761Pamela (Virtue Rewarded) 帕米拉Clarissa Harhowe7. Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754① novelsThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆•琼斯The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫•安德鲁The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生•威尔德Amelia爱米利亚② playsThe Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国8. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774① poemsThe Traveller旅游人The Deserted Village荒村② novelThe Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传③ playsThe Good Natured Man好心人She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱④ essaysThe Citizens of the World世界公民9. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816The Rivals情敌The School for Scandal造谣学校1o. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827①Songs of Innocence天真之歌Songs of Experience经验之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻②The Chimney SweeperLondonThe Tyger11. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗John Anderson, My Jo约翰•安德生，我的爱人A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰Auld Long Syne往昔时光A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上Bruce At BannockburnThe Tree Of LibertyV The Romantic Age1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集I Wondered Lonely As A CloudLines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyWe Are Seven我们是七个The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女The Prelude2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔Kubla Khan忽必烈汗Frost at Night半夜冰霜Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824①Don Juan唐•璜Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记Cain该隐②When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别She Walks In Beauty4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822①Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯Queen Mab麦步女王Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛The Cenci钦契一家The Masque of Anarchy,专制者的假面游行②Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark致云雀5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Autumn秋颂Ode On Melancholy6. Charles Lamb查尔斯•兰姆1775~1834The essays of eliot 伊利亚文集Old familiar faces 老面孔Dream children; a reverie 梦中儿女A dissertation upon toast pig 烤乳猪论7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832Rob Roy 罗伯•罗伊Ivanhoe 艾凡赫The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人Waverley 威弗利Guy Mannering 盖曼纳令VI The Victorian Age1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870Sketches by Boz波兹特写The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传Oliver Twist奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店Barnaby Rudge巴纳比•拉奇American Notes美国杂记Martin Chuzzlewit马丁•朱淑尔维特A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌The Chimes教堂钟声The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀Dombey and Son董贝父子David Copperfield大卫•科波菲尔Bleak House荒凉山庄Hard Times艰难时世Little Dorrit小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities双城记Great Expectations远大前程Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友Edwin Drood艾德温•朱特2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863Vanity Fair名利场The History Of Pendennis潘登尼斯The Book Of SnobsThe History of Henry Esmond亨利•埃斯蒙德3. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817Sense and Sensibility理智与情感Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见Emma爱玛Persuasion劝导4. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855Jane Eyre简•爱Shirley雪莉Professor教师5. Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄Old Stoic6. Mrs. GaskellMary Barton7. George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Adam Bede亚当•比德Silas Marner织工马南Middlemarch米德尔马契8. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892In Memoriam悼念Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击Idylls of the King国王叙事诗9. Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889The Ring and the Book环与书Men and Women男男女女Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧故事及抒情诗Dramatic Personae登场人物My Last Dutchess 我已故的公爵夫人Pippa Passes 皮帕走过去Home Thoughts From Abroad10. Elizabeth Barrett Browning伊丽莎白•芭蕾特•白朗宁1806~1861Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声11. John Ruskin约翰•罗斯金1819~1900Modern Painters现代画家The Seven Lamps of Architecture建筑的七盏明灯12. William morrisNews From NowhereA Dream Of John Ball13. Robert Louis StevensonTreasure IslandKidnapped14. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900① 4 ComediesThe Importance Of Being Earnest认真的重要Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子A Woman Of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫② 1 TragedySolome 莎乐美③ NovelThe Picture Of Dorian Gray多利安•格雷的画像④ PoemsThe Grave Of KeatsDe Profundis 惨痛的呼声The Ballad Of Reading Gaol 累丁狱中歌⑤ Fairy StoriesThe Happy Prince And Other Tales快乐王子故事集VII 1900~1950 The 20th CenturyPart 1 all the writers1.Novelists (Realists)① Samuel Butler② George Meredith③ Herbert George Wells④ Rudyard Kipling⑤ Arnold Benett⑥ Joseph Concrad⑦ William Somerset Maugham⑧ Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)⑨ Thomas Hardy⑩ John Gasworthy2.Playwrights① John Millington Synge (J.M.Synge )②Sean O’Casey③ George Bernard Shaw④ Oscar Wilde3.Modernists⑴ 3 Novelists① James Joyce② David Herbert Lawrence③ Virgirnia Woolf⑵ 2 Poets① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )Part 2 Minor Novelists And Minor Dramatists1.Minor Novelists① Samuel ButlerThe Way Of All Flesh （众生之路）Erewhon （艾瑞洪）② George MeredithThe Egoist （利己主义者）③ Herbert George WellsThe Time Machine 时间机器④ Rudyard KiplingKim 基姆The Jungle Book 莽林丛书The Lost Legion 失去的军团⑤ Arnold BenettThe O ld Wives’ Tale 老妇谈The “Five Towns” Stories 五镇小说⑥ Joseph ConcradLord Jim 吉姆爷Heart Of Darkness 黑暗的心An Outpost Progress 文明的前哨Youth 青年人⑦ William Somerset MaughamOf Human Bondage 人性的枷锁⑧ Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)A Passage To India 印度之行Hawards End 霍华兹别墅2.Minor Dramatists① John Millington Synge (J.M.Synge )The Playboy Of The Western World 西方世界的花花公子Riders To The Sea 奔向大海的骑手②Sean O’CaseyThe Shadow Of A Gunman 枪手的影子Juno And Paycock 朱诺与孔雀I Knock At The Door 我敲门The Plough And Star 犁与星Part 31. Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928⑴ NovelsTess Of The D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝Jude The Obscure无名的裘德Under The Greenwood Tree绿荫下Far From The Madding Crowd远离尘嚣The Mayor Of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长A Pair Of Blue Eyes一双蓝眼睛The Trumpet Major号兵长Desperate Remedies非常手段The Hand Of Ethelberta艾塞尔伯塔的婚姻⑵ PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国2. John Galsworthy约翰•高尔斯华绥1867~1933⑴ Novels① Two TrilogiesThe Man Of Property 有产者Three Novels In Chancery 进退维谷To Let 出租A The Forsyte Saga.The Indian Summer Of A ForsyteTwo InterludesAwakeningA Silent WooingTwo InterludesPassers- ByB. A Modern ComedyThe White Monkey 白猿Three Novels The Silver Spoon 银匙Swan Song 天鹅之歌②The End Of The Chapter一章的结束⑵ PlaysThe Silver Box 银盒子Strife 战争3. David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930Sons And Lovers儿子与情人The Rainbow虹Women In Love恋爱中的女人Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人The White Peacock 白孔雀Kangaroo 袋鼠The Plumed Serpent 羽蛇The Rocking- Horse Winner 木马赢家Aron’S Rod 亚伦之杖4 . James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941Ulysses尤利西斯A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man一个青年艺术家的肖像Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒Dubliners都柏林人5. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941⑴ NovelsMrs Dalloway达洛维夫人The WindowTo The Lighthouse到灯塔去Time PassesThe Waves浪 The LighthouseThe Voyage Out 出航Night And Day 夜与日Jacob’s Room 雅各布的房间Orlando 奥兰朵The Years 岁月Between The Acts 幕间⑵ Critical EssaysModern Fiction 现代小说The Common Reader 普通读者Three Guineas 三个齑尼⑶ Short StoryThe New Dress6. William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939⑴ collections①The Wandering Of Oisin And Other Poems 漫游的奥辛及其他The Wind Among The Reeds 苇风Responsibilities 责任②The Wild Swans At Coole 库尔的野天鹅Michael Robartes And The Dancer 迈克尔.罗巴兹和舞者The Tower 塔The Winding Stair 旋转的楼梯⑵ PoemsEaster 1916The Second Coming 第二次来临/再世A Deep-Sworn VowSailing To Byzantium 到拜占庭航行Leda And The Swan 丽达与天鹅Crazy Jane 疯简⑶ PlaysThe Land Of Heart’S Desire 理想的国土The Hour Glass 时漏Dedidre 黛德尔⑷ BookA Vision 幻象7. Thomas Sterns Eliot⑴ Poems① The Waste Landa.The Burial Of The Dead 死者的葬仪b. A Game Of Chess 对翌c.The Fire Sermon 火诫d.Death By Water 水里的死亡e.What The Thunder Said 雷霆的话② Four Quartetsa.Burnt Nortonb.East Cokerc.The Dry Salvagesd.Little Gidding③ The Love Song Of J. Alfred PrufrockHollow Man 空心人Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三Prelude 序曲⑵ PlaysMurder In The Cathedral 大教堂谋杀案The Family Reunion 家庭团聚The Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会The Confidential Clerk 机要秘书The Rock 岩石Sweeny Agonistes 力士斯威尼⑶ Critical EssaysThe Sacred Wood 圣林Tradition And The Individual Talent 传统与个人天才The Use Of Poetry And The Use Of Criticism 诗歌的用途与评论的用途The Function Of Criticism 批评的功能8．George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950⑴ Plays① Plays UnpleasantMrs Warren’S Profession华伦夫人的职业Widowers’ Houses 鳏夫的房产② Plays PleasantCandidaArms And Man 武器与人The Man Of Destiny 左右命运的人③ Three Plays For PuritansThe Devil’S Disciple 魔鬼的门徒Caesar And Cleopatra④ Other PlaysMan And Superman 人与超人Major Barbara 巴巴拉少校Pygmalion 匹格玛利翁Heartbreak House 伤心之家The Apple Cart 苹果车Saint Joan 圣女贞德Too True To Be Good 真相毕露John Bull’S Other Island 英国佬的另一个岛Androcles And The Lion 安克斯和狮You Never Can Tell 你决不能讲⑵ NovelAn Unsocial Socialist⑶ EssaysThe Dictatorship Of The ProletariatThe Quintessence Of Ibsenism美国文学作家作品American Writers and WorksI. Puritanism ( 1 )Benjamin FranklinAutobiographyPoor Richard’s AlmanacII. Romanticism ( 9 )Washington IrvingThe Sketch BookA Rip Van WinkleThe Legend Of Sleepy HollowA History Of New YorkJames Fenimore CooperLeatherstocking TalesThe PioneersThe Last Of The MohicansThe PrairieThe PathfinderThe DeerslayerThe SpyRalph Waldo Emerson ( Transcendentalism )NatureThe PoetThe American ScholarHenry David Thoreau ( Transcendentalism )WaldenA Plea For John BrownNathaniel HawthorneThe Scarlet LetterThe House Of The Seven GablesMosses From An Old ManseThe Marble FaunTwice-Told TalesHerman MelvilleMoby DickOmooTypeeRedburnWhite JacketMardiPierreBilly BuddWalt WhitmanLeaves Of GrassSong Of MyselfOut Of The Cradle Endlessly RockingWhen Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom’DDrum TapsI Sit And Look OutThere Was A Child Went ForthCrossing Brooklyn FerryDemocratic VistasPassage To IndiaProud Music Of The StormTo A Locomotive In WinterYears Of The ModernPioneers, O PioneersI Hear America SingingEmily DickinsonDeathMy Life Closed Twice Before Its CloseBecause I Could Not Stop For DeathDeath Is A Dialogue BetweenI Died For Beauty ---But Was ScarceI Heard A Fly Buzz---When I DiedLoveWild Nights! Wild Night!Mine – By The Right Of The White ElectionIf I May Have It When It’S DeadNatureA Bird Came Down The WalkA Narrow Fellow In The GrassI Taste A Liquor Never BrewedApparently With No SurpriseTell All The Truth But Tell It SlantSympathy With The PoorThe Beggar Lad Dies EarlyIf I Can Stop One Heart From BreakingWhen I Was Small A Woman DiedEdgar Allan Poe1.StoriesMs Found In A BottleThe Murders In The Rue MorgueThe Purloined LetterThe Gold BugTales Of The Grotesque And The ArabesqueThe Fall Of The House Of UsherThe Masque Of The Red DeathThe Cask Of AmontilladoLigeia2. PoemsThe RavenTo HelenSonnet –To ScienceAnnabel LeeThe City In The SeaThe BellsIII. Realism ( 3 )William Dean HowellsCriticism And FictionThe Rise Of Silas LaphamA Modern InstanceHenry JamesThe AmericanDaisy MillerThe Portrait Of A LadyThe Turn Of The ScrewThe AmbassadorsThe Wings Of The DoveThe Golden BowlThe Art Of FictionMark Twain ( Local Colorism )The Adventures Of Tom SawyerThe Adventures Of Huckleberry FinnLife On The MississippiThe Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras CountyThe Gilded AgeThe Man That Corrupted HadleyburgThe Mysterious StrangerInnocents AbroadRoughing ItPuddn’ Head WilsonThe Prince And The PauperTo The Person Sitting In The DarknessIV. Naturalism ( 5 )Stephen CraneNovelsMaggie: A Girl Of The StreetsThe Red Badge Of CourageThe Open BoatThe Blue HotelThe Bride Comes To The Yellow SkyPoemsWar Is KindThe Black Riders And Other LinesTheodore DreiserAn American TragedySister CarrieJennie GerhardtTrilogy Of DesireThe FinancierThe TitanThe StoicMinor NovelistsFrank NorrisMc TeagueThe OctopusThe PitJack LondonThe Call Of The WildMartin EdenWhite FangThe Sea WolfUpton SinclairThe JungleV. The 1920s1.Poets (4 )Ezra Pound ( Imagist )CantosIn A Station Of The MetroA PactWilliam Carlos Williams ( Imagist )PatersonThe Red WheelbarrowRobert FrostNorth Of BostonA Boy’S WillMountain IntervalNew HampshireWest-Running BrookA Further RangeA Witness TreeSteeplebushIn The ClearingA Masque Of ReasonA Masque Of MercyStopping By Woods On A Snowy EveningAfer Apple-PickingMending WallThe Road Not TakenDesignNothing Gold Can StayDepartmentalThe Most Of ItHome BurialThe FearA Servant To ServantsThe Black CottageThe Generation Of MenBirchesThe Wood PileFire And IceThe Death Of The Hired Man Carl SandburgChicago PoemsCornhuskersSmoke And SteelGood Morning, AmericaChicagoFogLostThe HarbourCool TombsA Am The People, The MobThe People, Yes2.NovelistsF. Scott FitzgeraldThe Great GatsbyTender Is The NightThe Beautiful And DamnedFlappers And PhilosophersThis Side Of ParadiseAll The Sad Young MenThe Last TycoonThe Crack-UpTales Of The Jazz AgeTaps At ReveilleThe Diamond As Big As The RitzThe Rich BoyErnest HemingwayThe Sun Also RisesA Farewell To ArmsFor Whom The Bell TollsThe Old Man And The SeaIn Our TimeTo Have And Have NotThe Fifth ColumnA Clean Well-Lighted PlaceThe UndefeatedIndian CampThe KillersBig Two-Hearted RiverThe Torrents Of SpringMen Without WomenWinner Take NothingDeath In The AfternoonGreen Hills Of AfricaAcross The River And Into The TreesA Movable FeastThree Stories And Ten PoemsIslands In The StreamWilliam FaulknerThe Sound And The FuryAbsalom, Absalom!Light In AugustGo Down, MosesAs I Lay DyingSartorisSanctuaryThe Marble FaunSoldier’s PayMosquitoesThese ThirteenRequiem For A NunIntruder In The DustThe Snopes TrilogyThe HamletThe TownThe MansionThe BearA Rose For EmilyBarn BurningA FableSherwood AndersonWinesburg, OhioThe Triumph Of The EggDeath In The WoodsHandsI Want To Know WhyPaper PillsMotherSinclair LewisMain StreetBabbittArrowsmithWilla CatherMy AntoniaO PioneersThomas WolfeLook Homeward, Angel3.DramatistsEugene O’NeillLong Day’S Journey Into NightThe Iceman ComethThe Hairy ApeEmperor JonesDesire Under The ElmsBeyond The HorizonAnna ChristieAll God’S Chillen Got WingsStrange InterludeMourning Becomes ElectraBound East For CardiffThe Great God BrownLazarus LaughedMarco MillionsAh, WildernessElmer RiceThe Adding MachineOn TrialStreet SceneDream GirlVI. The 1930s1.Novelists ( 2 )John Dos PassosU.S.A.The 42nd Parallel1919The Big MoneyDistrict Of ColumbiaThe Adventures Of A Young ManNumber OneThe Grand DesignThree SoldiersManhattan TransferThe Best TimesThe Head And The Heart Of Thomas JeffersonJohn SteinbeckThe Grapes Of The WrathOf Mice And MenIn Dubious BattleTortilla FlatThe Red PonyThe PearlThe Long ValleyTravels With CharleyCup Of GoldThe Pastures Of HeavenTo A God UnknownThe Moon Is DownThe Winter Of Our Discontent2.DramatistClifford OdetsWaiting For LeftyParadise LostAwake And SingTill The Day I DieGolden BoyThe Big KnifeVII. Black Writers (4 )Richard WrightNative SonUncle Tom’S Children: Four NovellasBlack BoyRalph EllisonInvisible ManJames BaldwinGo Tell It On The MountainAnother CountryTell Me How Long The Train Been GoneNotes Of A Native SonNobody Knows My NameThe Fire Next TimeToni MorrisonTar BabyBelovedThe Blue EyeSong Of SolomonOthersMargaret MitchellGone With The WindHarriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom’s CabinJean ToomerCaneFrederick DouglassMy Bondage And My FreedomAlex HaleyRootsLangston HughesSimple’S Uncle SamSimple Speaks Of His MindThe Negro Speaks Of RiversVIII. Modern WritersDramatists1.Eugene O’Neill2.Elmer Rice3.Clifford Odets4.Arthur MillerDeath Of A SalesmanAll My SonsThe CrucibleA View From The Bridge5.Tennessee WilliamsA Streetcar Named DesireThe Glass MenagerieCat On Hot Tin RoofSummer And SmokeNight Of IguanaThe Rose TattooThe Milk Train Doesn’T Stop Here Any More 6.Edward AlbeeWho’s Afraid Of Virginia WoolfThe American DreamThe Zoo StoryThe SandboxThe Death Of Bessie SmithA Delicate BalanceSeascapeTiny AliceBox-Mao-BoxNovelists1.Saul BellowDangling ManThe Adventures Of Augie MarchHenderson The Rain KingHerzogHumboldt’s Gift2.Norman MailerThe Executioner’S SongAn American DreamThe Naked And The Dead3.J.D. SalingerThe Catcher In The Rye4.Joseph HellerCatch-225.Allen Ginsburg (Poet )Howl。

拉斯韦尔5W模式解析

拉斯韦尔5W模式解析
兰斯韦尔5W模式是一种思维模型，用于帮助人们结构化思考和记忆一个活动或事件。

它朴素而灵活，让你不仅能有效地把握复杂问题，还能让你用思维来分析和汇总大量资料，从而更好地理解问题，得出解决建议。

兰斯韦尔5W模式包括五个问题：“谁？”（Who）、“什么？”（What）、“何时？”（When）、“何地？”（Where）、以及“为什么？”（Why）。

此外，有些人还在此基
础上增加了“如何？”（How）这一问题来表达更加完善的思维模型。

兰斯韦尔5W模式的目的是帮助人们采用定量分析的方法去掌握特定的信息或事件，
打造不同的思维方式，给出综合的答案，其中的信息比一般的书本知识更能为事件及话题
情景里头提供有效的见解。

因此，使用兰斯韦尔5W模式，不仅可以浏览相关的信息，做出分类，而且也可以把
这些信息编织成一个比较完整的故事，从而更深入地理解和总结事件，为将来采取行动提
供更大的决策依据或指南方向。

除此之外，兰斯韦尔5W模式还有其它种用途，比如做新闻报道、建立调查报告等等。

其宗旨是帮助我们阐明事件的本质和原因，分析和解释活动的结果，寻求有效的解决方案，避免今后发生类似的情况。

因此，兰斯韦尔5W模式也是许多市场营销人等专业人士所倚
重的工具。

最全的外国名著名称翻译180部

最全的外国名著名称翻译180部最全的外国名著名称翻译1. gone with the wind 飘2. Jane.eyre 简。

爱3. The scarlet letter 红字4. The adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记5. Lady Chatterley's Lover 查太莱夫人的情人6. Tales of two cities 双城记7. Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见8. Uncle Tom's Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋9. The old man and the sea 老人与海10. 爱丽丝漫游记The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland11. 安徒生童话集Anderson's Fairy Tales12. 傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice13. 愤怒的葡萄Grapes of Wrath14. 格利佛游记Gulliver's Travels15. 格林童话集Grimm's Fairy Tales16. 根Roots17. 航空港Airport18. 呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights19. 环绕世界八十天Around the World in Eighty Days20. 嘉丽妹妹Sister Carrie21. 简·爱Jane Eyre22. 罗滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe23. 名利场Vanity Fair24. 牛虻The Gadfly25. 飘（乱世佳人）Gone with the Wind26. 圣经的故事The Story of the Bible27. 双城记A Tale of Two Cities28. 苔丝姑娘Tess of the D' ubervilles29. 天方夜谭(Tales from) The Arabian Nights30. 汤姆叔叔的小屋Uncle T om's Cabin31. 汤姆索亚历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer32. 王子与贫儿The Prince and the Pauper33. 雾都孤儿Oliver Twist34. 伊索寓言Aesop's Fables35. 远大前程The Great Expectations36. 月亮宝石The Moonstone37. 最后的诊断The Final Diagnosis38. Charles Darwin (by Carla Greene) 查尔斯;达尔文39. John F. Kennedy (by Charles P. Graves) 约翰;肯尼迪40. King Arthur and His Knights (by William Kottmeyer) 亚瑟王和他的骑士41. One Million Pound (by Mark Twain) 百万英镑42. Robin Hood (adapted by Michael West) 罗宾汉43. Rip Van Winkle (adapted by Michael West) 里普;范;温格尔44. Stories from the Sands of Africa (adapted by Michael West)非洲沙漠的故事45. Tales from the Arabian Nights (adapted by Michael West)天方夜谭46. The Canterbury Tales (adapted by Michael West) 坎特伯雷故事集47. The House of a Thousand Lanterns (by Victoria Holt) 千灯府48. The Legends of Ancient Rome 古罗马的传说49. The Mystery of the Island (by Jules Verne) 神秘的海岛50. The Seventh Key 第七把钥匙51. Three Men on the Bummel (by K. Jerome) 三人出游记52. Tom Jones (by Henry Fielding) 汤姆;琼斯53. Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港54. Around the World in Eighty Days (by Jules Verne) 环绕世界八十天55. A Separate Peace (by John Knowles) 独自和解56. Daisy Miller (by H. James) 黛丝密勒57. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (by R. L. Stevenson) 化身博士58. Flowers for Mrs. Harris (by Paul Gallico) 献给哈里斯夫人的鲜花59. Frankenstein (by Mary Shelly) 弗兰肯斯特60. Hatter's Castle (by A. J. Cronin) 帽商的城堡61. Little Tom (by B. Bell & D. Bell) 小汤姆62. Lucky Jim (by Kingsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆63. The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland (by Lewis Carrol)艾丽斯漫游记64. The Black Tulip (by Alexandre Dumas) 黑郁金香65. The Life of Abraham Lincoln (by Stegan Lorant) 林肯传66. The Mill on the Floss (by George Eliot) 弗洛斯河上的磨坊67. The Prince and the Pauper (by Mark Twain) 王子和贫儿68. The Red Badge of Courage (by Stephen Crane) 红色英勇勋章69. The Scapegoat (by Daphne Du Maurier) 替罪羊70. The Sign of Indra 印达拉神像71. Thirty-nine Steps (by John Buchan) 三十九级台阶72. Three Men in a Boat (by J. K. Jerome) 三人同舟73. Tom Brown's Schooldays (by Thomas Hughes) 汤姆;布朗的求学时代74. Witch (by George Mackay Brown) 女巫75. Aesop's Fables 伊索寓言76. Anderson's Fairy Tales 安徒生通话选77. Compell's Kingdom (by Hammond Innes) 坎伯尔王国78. Frontiers of Science 科学的新领域79. Grimm's Fairy T ales 格林通话选80. Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆81. Jamaica Inn (by Daphne Du Maurier) 牙买加旅店82. Popular Science Readings 英语科普小品83. Roots (by Alex Harley) 根84. Stories from Shakespeare (adapted by H. G. Wyatt) 莎士比亚戏剧故事集85. The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by Mark Twain) 哈克贝里芬历险记86. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain) 汤姆索亚历险记87. The “Caine” Mutiny (by Herman Wink) “该隐”号兵变记88. The Citadel (by A. J. Cronin) 堡垒89. The Good Soldier Schweik (by Jaroslav Hasek, trans. ByPaul Selver) 好兵帅克90. The Moonstone (by Wilkie Collins) 月亮宝石91. The Pearl (by John Steinbeck) 珍珠92. The Story of Madame Curie ( by Alice Thorne) 居里夫人传93. Uncle Tom's Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋94. Anna Karenina (by Leo Tolstoy) 安娜;卡列尼娜95. A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记96. David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫考伯菲尔德97. Emma (by Jane Austen) 爱玛98. Far from the Madding Crowd (by Thomas Hardy) 远离尘嚣99. Frenchman's Creek (by Charles Dickens) 法国人的小港湾100. Great Expectations (by Charles Dickens) 远大前程101. Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记102. Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte) 简爱103. Jaws (by Peter Benchley) 大白鲨104. Lucky Jim (by Kinsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆105. Nicholas Nickleby (by Charles Dickens) 尼古拉斯.尼克尔贝106. Mary Barton (by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell) 玛丽.巴顿107. Monte Cristo (by Alexandre Dumas) 基度山伯爵108. Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens) 雾都孤儿109. Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见110. Rebecca (by Daphne Du Maurier) 蝴蝶梦111. Silas Marner (by George Eliot) 塞拉斯.马纳112. Tess of the D'ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy) 德伯家的苔丝113. The Green Years (by A. Cronin) 青春的岁月114. The Hunckback of Notre Dame (by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院115. The Mayor of Casterbridge (by Thomas Hardy) 卡斯特桥市长116. The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas) 三个火枪手117. Treasure Island (by R. L. Steveson) 金银岛118. Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray) 名利场119. Woman in White (by Wilkie Collins) 白衣女人120. Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte) 呼啸山庄121. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (by Lewis Carrol) 艾丽斯漫游记122. Child's History of England (by Charles Dickens) 儿童英国史123. Good-bye, Mr. Chips (by James Hilton) 再会，契普斯先生124. INTERPOL (by Peter G. Lee) 国际警察组织125. Robinson Crusoe (by Daniel Defoe) 鲁滨逊漂流记126. The Gadfly (by E. L. Voynich) 牛虻127. The Story of the Bible (by Van Loon) 圣经的故事128. The Story of Mankind (by H. William Van Loon) 人类的故事129. The Great Road (by Agnes Smedley) 伟大的道路一般原著130. An Inspector Calls (by J. B. Priestley) 罪恶之家131. An Invisible Man (by H. G. Wells) 隐身人132. A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记133. David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫.考伯菲尔德134. Emma (by Jane Austen) 爱玛135. Gone with the Wind (by Margaret Mitchell) 飘136. Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记137. Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆138. Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens) 雾都孤儿139. Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见140. Pygmalion (by Bernald Shaw) 茶花女141. Red Star over China (by Edgar Snow) 西行漫记142. Roots (by Alex Haley) 根143. Selected Readings from D. H. Lawrence 劳伦斯作品选读144. The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by mark Twain) 哈克.贝里芬历险记145. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain) 汤姆.索亚历险记146. The Jungle (by Upton Sinclair) 丛林147. The Old Man and The Sea (by Ernest Hemingway) 老人与海148. The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists (by Robert Tressell) 穿破裤子的慈善家149. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (by William L.Shirer) 第三帝国的兴亡150. Uncle Tom's Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋151. Winds of War (by Herman Woul) 战争风云152. A Farewell to Arms (by Ernest Hemingway) 永别了武器153. Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港154. A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记155. Financier (by Theodore Dreiser) 财政家156. Grapes of Wrath (by J. Steinbeck) 愤怒的葡萄157. Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte) 简爱158. Jude the Obscure (by Thomas Hardy) 无名的裘德159. Lady Chatterley's Lover (by D. H. Lawrence)查泰莱夫人德情人160. Martin Eden (by Jack London) 马丁.伊登161. Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见162. Sense and Sensibility (by Jane Austen) 理智与情感163. Sister Carrie (by Theodore Dreiser) 嘉丽妹妹164. Sons and Lovers (by D. H. Lawrence) 儿子和情人165. Tess of the D'ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy) 德伯家的苔丝166. The American Tragedy (by Theodore Dreiser) 美国的悲剧167. The Final Diagnosis (by Arthur Hailey) 最后的诊断168. The God Father (by Mario Puzo) 教父169. The Great Gatsby (by F. Scott Fitzgerald) 了不起的盖茨比170. The Hunckback of Notre Dame (by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院171. The Moneychangers (by Arthur Hailey) 钱商172. The Rainbow (by D. H. Lawrence) 虹173. The Red and The Black (by Stendhal) 红与黑174. The Return to the Native (by Thomas Hardy) 还乡175. The Scarlet Letter (by Nathaniel Hawthorne) 红字176. The Sun Also Rises (by Ernest Hemingway) 太阳照样升起177. The Thorn Birds (by Colleen Mccullough) 荆棘鸟178. The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas) 三个火枪手179. Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray) 名利场180. Wives and Daughters (by Elizabeth Gaskell) 妻子与女儿181. Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte) 呼啸山庄。

罗辛-拉姆勒Rosin-Rammler分布 PPT课件

（如Dp=10和Dp=100之间） (6 )极点P的位置可取R1=99.6，Dp=1处，则
loglog(100/R1)=-2.7592 (7) 由2中的两次对数式可知
n 2.7592 log log(100 / R2 ) log(1 / D2 )
如取D2=100微米代入，则得loglog(100/R2)=2n-2.7592。 n=1代入则得:loglog(1oo/R2)=-0.7592,将其划在D2=100微米的纵轴上可得到Q点。连接P点和Q点的直线斜率为1
ds s dw dw
v p Dp
p Dp
根据R-R分布式得
dw
dR(Dp )
n Den
Dpn1
D
exp
(
De
)n
dDp
因此可得如下比表面积计算式：
p Sw
Sv
n Den
D D max n 2
D min p
exp
Dp De
n
dDp
令：t
( Dp De
)n；则可得到：Sv De
当n>1时
---最频粒径
Dmo
De
n
n 1 n
对R-R分布式取两次导数，令
d 2R dDp2
0
dR(Dp dDp
)
nDen
Dn1 p
exp
Dp De
n
d2R dD2
nDen (n
1)Dn2
D exp[(
De
)n ]
De2nn2 D
2 ( n 1)
exp[
(
D De
)n
]
0
得
n 1 nDen Dn
极点P的位置可取R1=99.6，Dp=1处，则loglog(100/R1)=-2.7592

rastringin函数

rastringin函数拉斯特林函数（Rastrigin function）是一种常用的优化问题测试函数，通常用于评估优化算法的性能。

它是一个多维非凸函数，具有多个局部最小值。

下面我会从不同角度对拉斯特林函数进行详细介绍。

首先，拉斯特林函数的数学表达式如下：f(x) = A n + Σ(x_i^2 A cos(2πx_i))。

其中，x是一个n维向量，x_i是向量中的第i个元素，A是一个常数，通常取为10。

函数的取值范围是[-5.12, 5.12]。

从几何角度来看，拉斯特林函数可以看作是一个具有多个峰值和山谷的地形图。

每个峰值代表一个局部最小值，而全局最小值位于函数的中心。

函数的表面呈现出起伏不平的形状，使得优化算法在搜索最优解时面临较大的挑战。

从优化问题的角度来看，拉斯特林函数是一个典型的非凸优化问题。

由于函数具有多个局部最小值，优化算法需要克服陷入局部最小值的困境，以找到全局最小值。

这使得拉斯特林函数成为评估优化算法鲁棒性和全局搜索能力的重要基准函数。

从算法性能评估的角度来看，拉斯特林函数具有以下特点：1. 多个局部最小值，函数具有多个局部最小值，使得优化算法容易陷入局部最优解。

2. 高度非线性，函数的非线性特性增加了优化问题的复杂性。

3. 平滑性，函数的表面相对平滑，没有明显的锐变或间断点。

在实际应用中，拉斯特林函数广泛用于测试和比较不同优化算法的性能。

通过对算法在拉斯特林函数上的表现进行评估，可以帮助研究人员选择合适的优化算法，并进行算法参数的调优。

总结起来，拉斯特林函数是一个具有多个局部最小值的非凸优化问题测试函数。

它在优化算法性能评估和参数调优中起到重要的作用。

对于优化算法的设计和改进，深入理解和研究拉斯特林函数是非常有意义的。

larose雷诺数效应

larose雷诺数效应
拉罗斯雷诺数是流体力学中的一个重要参数，用于描述流体在流动过程中的湍流现象。

它是由法国工程师雷诺在1883年提出的。

拉罗斯雷诺数（Re）的定义是流体的惯性力与黏性力之比。

拉罗斯雷诺数的公式为：
Re = ρvl/μ
其中，ρ为流体的密度，v为流体的速度，l为特征长度，μ为流体的动力黏度。

当拉罗斯雷诺数小于一定临界值时，流体呈现层流状态，流动平稳且有序；而当拉罗斯雷诺数超过临界值时，流体呈现湍流状态，流动不规则且混乱。

拉罗斯雷诺数效应指的是当流体通过管道或其他流动设备时，由于流速、管径或黏性等因素的改变，导致拉罗斯雷诺数发生变化，从而引起流动状态的转变和湍流的发生。

拉罗斯雷诺数效应在流体力学、工程设计和流动控制等领域具有重要的应用价值，可以帮助分析和预测流体在不同条件下的行为和性能。

在实际应用中，需要根据具体情况选择合适的拉罗斯雷诺数范围，以确保流体的运动状态符合设计要求，并避免由于湍流引起的不稳定和能量损失。

同时，也需要采取相应的措施来控制和减小拉罗斯雷诺数效应对流体流动的影响，以提高流体系统的效率和可靠性。

marangoni对流的定义

马朗洛尼对流是指液体或气体表面张力梯度引起的一种流动现象。

这种表面张力梯度会导致液体或气体从表面张力较小的区域向表面张力较大的区域流动，从而形成表面波和潮汐等现象。

马朗洛尼对流在多个领域都有着重要的应用，包括化学工程、生物医学、材料科学等。

1. 马朗洛尼对流的基本原理马朗洛尼对流的基本原理可以通过考虑表面张力对流体表面的影响来理解。

当液体或气体表面张力不均匀时，会形成张力梯度。

在这种情况下，表面张力会使得液体或气体从低表面张力区域向高表面张力区域流动。

这种表面张力梯度引起的流动即为马朗洛尼对流。

2. 马朗洛尼对流的特点马朗洛尼对流具有以下几个特点：(1) 表面张力梯度驱动：马朗洛尼对流是由表面张力梯度引起的，而不是由外力驱动的。

这种流动是一种纯粹的表面效应。

(2) 表面波和潮汐等现象：马朗洛尼对流会导致液体或气体表面出现波动和潮汐等现象。

(3) 应用广泛：马朗洛尼对流在化学工程、生物医学、材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。

3. 马朗洛尼对流的应用马朗洛尼对流在多个领域都有着重要的应用：(1) 化学工程：马朗洛尼对流在化学工程中可以用于界面传质、界面反应等过程的研究和控制。

(2) 生物医学：马朗洛尼对流在生物医学领域可以用于生物膜的形成和变形等生物界面现象的研究。

(3) 材料科学：马朗洛尼对流在材料科学中可以用于表面张力和界面能的测量、材料形态的调控等方面。

(4) 其他领域：马朗洛尼对流还可以应用于液滴微流控制、表面纳米结构的制备等方面。

4. 马朗洛尼对流的研究现状和展望目前，关于马朗洛尼对流的研究主要集中在以下几个方面：(1) 马朗洛尼对流的机理研究：目前对于马朗洛尼对流的机理还有很多未解之谜，需要通过理论模拟和实验研究来揭示其内在原理。

(2) 马朗洛尼对流的应用研究：目前对于马朗洛尼对流在不同领域的应用还有待深入研究，尤其是在新材料、新能源领域的应用前景广阔。

(3) 马朗洛尼对流的技术发展：目前对于马朗洛尼对流的观测和测量技术还有待改进和创新，需要发展出更加精确、灵活的实验和观测手段。

劳伦斯纽曼研究方法笔记

劳伦斯纽曼研究方法笔记（原创实用版1篇）篇1 目录I.引言II.劳伦斯纽曼研究方法简介A.纽曼方法的概念和定义B.纽曼方法的优点和缺点C.纽曼方法的应用领域III.劳伦斯纽曼研究方法的核心内容A.研究步骤和流程B.数据收集和分析方法C.研究的限制和局限性IV.劳伦斯纽曼研究方法的实际应用案例A.案例一：某公司员工满意度调查B.案例二：某地区空气质量监测C.案例三：某品牌消费者行为研究V.结论篇1正文一、引言劳伦斯纽曼研究方法是一种基于定性和定量相结合的研究方法，旨在深入了解研究对象的行为、态度和心理。

该方法在心理学、社会学、市场营销等领域得到了广泛应用。

本文将介绍劳伦斯纽曼研究方法的基本概念、核心内容以及实际应用案例。

二、劳伦斯纽曼研究方法简介劳伦斯纽曼研究方法主要包括以下几个步骤：明确研究问题、制定研究计划、收集数据、分析和解释数据、撰写研究报告。

该方法的特点在于将定性和定量方法相结合，通过深入访谈、问卷调查等方式收集数据，并运用统计分析等方法对数据进行处理和分析。

三、劳伦斯纽曼研究方法的核心内容1.研究步骤和流程：首先，确定研究问题和目标；其次，制定研究计划，包括样本选择、数据收集方法、数据分析方法等；接着，进行数据收集和分析；然后，对数据进行处理和分析，得出结论；最后，撰写研究报告。

2.数据收集和分析方法：数据收集可以采用问卷调查、深度访谈、观察等方法；分析方法包括描述性统计、因素分析、结构方程模型等。

3.研究的限制和局限性：由于采用定性和定量相结合的方法，数据收集和分析过程中可能会存在主观性；同时，样本的选择和数据的处理也可能受到限制。

四、劳伦斯纽曼研究方法的实际应用案例1.案例一：某公司员工满意度调查：通过问卷调查和深度访谈的方式，了解了员工对公司福利待遇、工作环境等方面的满意度，并运用统计分析方法得出了结论，为公司的管理和改进提供了依据。

2.案例二：某地区空气质量监测：通过对该地区空气质量的监测和分析，了解了该地区空气质量的状况，为环境保护提供了数据支持。

橡胶马林斯效应

橡胶马林斯效应（Marangoni effect）是指由于表面张力差异引起的液体流动现象。

当两种不同浓度的溶液接触时，如果它们的表面张力不同，那么溶液将会在表面张力较小的一方流动到表面张力较大的一方。

这种现象是以意大利物理学家恩里科·马林斯（Enrico Marangoni）的名字命名的。

在橡胶工业中，马林斯效应通常与橡胶的硫化过程有关。

在橡胶硫化过程中，通常会使用一些加速剂来促进硫化反应，这些加速剂可能会改变橡胶表面的张力。

当橡胶片在硫化过程中与硫磺或其他硫化剂接触时，如果表面张力发生变化，就可能出现马林斯效应。

橡胶马林斯效应的表现可能是橡胶表面的不均匀流动，导致橡胶制品表面出现条纹或其他不规则图案。

这种效应在橡胶挤出、压延和浇注等生产过程中可能会发生，并且可能会影响橡胶制品的外观和性能。

为了控制橡胶马林斯效应，可以通过调整橡胶配方中各种成分的比例，使用适当的硫化剂和加速剂，以及控制生产过程中的温度和压力等条件来实现。

此外，也可以采用一些特殊的工艺措施，如改变橡胶片的接触角度或使用涂层来减少表面张力的差异，从而减少马林斯效应对制品质量的影响。

4级1-8织工马南Silas Mraner1-2

1 Silas Marner，past and presentIn the early years of the nineteenth century，Strange-looking little men were often seen on the country roads，usually with a heavy bag on their shoulders．They were linen－weavers，taking the linen they had woven to the women in the villages．Unlike the strong，healthy country people，they were small and thin，with tired white faces，bent backs and round shoulders．They were often shortsighted too，because they had to look so closely at their work．To the villagers the weavers looked almost foreign，and quite frightening．Where did they come from？Was it the devil who sent them？Who were their parents？How could you trust a man if you didn't know his father or mother？Country people used to be very suspicious of all strangers and travellers．They were also suspi-cious of clever people，people who could do something they themselves had not learnt to do．That is why the linen－weavers，who often moved from towns to live and work in the country，were considered strangers all their lives by their neighbours，and were sometimes very lonely as a result.Silas Marner was one of these weavers．He lived in a small cottage near the village of Raveloe．Every day he worked at his loom in the cottage．The small boys of Raveloe had never heard the sound of a loom before，and sometimes they used to run up to his house to look quickly in at the window．If Silas noticed them，he lifted his shortsighted eyes from the loom to stare at the boys．There was something terrible about his stare，which made the boys run away at once，screaming with fear．The vil －lagers believed that Silas had an almost devilish power，which he could use to harm them if he wanted，and so they were all afraid of him．Raveloe was an important －looking village with a fine old church and a number of large farms．But it was at least an hour away from any other village，and very few strangers visited it，which explains why the villagers'opinions were so out of date．Silas Marner had first come to Raveloe fifteen years before，as a young man．He and his way of life seemed very strange to the villagers．He worked long hours at his loom，and had no friends or visitors from the village or anywhere else．He never talked to his neighbours unless it was necessary for his work，and he never looked at any of the Raveloe girls．'Who would want to marry him anyway？'the girls laughed to each other．'Marry a dead man come to life again，with that unhealthy white skin and those insect－like eyes of his？Certainly not！'One of the villagers had had a strange experience with Silas．One evening he had discovered the weaver resting on a field gate，his eyes open but unseeing，and his body cold and hard，like a dead man's．After a few moments Silas appeared to wake up，said'Good night'，and walked away．When this was discussed in the village，some people thought that Silas had hada fit．But others，like Mr Macey，the church clerk，refused to accept a medical explanation．'No，he isn't ill，that weaver，'said old Mr Macey，shaking his head knowingly．'If he had a fit，he'd fall down，wouldn't he？I think his soul flies out of his body sometimes and that's why he looks so strange．He doesn't come to church，does he？And how does he know so much about medicines？You all re－member how he made Sally Oates better，when the doctor him-self could do no more for her．That's the devil's work，believe me！'However，the housewives needed Silas to weave their linen，and they could find nothing wrong with his work．The years passed，and Raveloe villagers did not change their opinion of the weaver．At the end of fifteen years they said exactly the same things about him，but they believed them more strongly．They also said that he had saved up a lot of money since he had come to Raveloe．Silas had come from a large town to the north of Raveloe．Here he had lived a very different life．Because he was one of a large number of weavers，he was not considered strange，and he belonged to an enthusiastic religious group．They met every Sunday at the chapel in Light Street．Once，at a chapel meeting，Silas had become unconscious and had sat without moving，hearing or seeing，for over an hour．This experience made him specially interesting to the rest of the group．'We should not call this strange unconsciousness a fit，'the minister，Mr Paston，told them．'No， it's much more than that．In that moment，when he is absent from us，our young friend Silas's soul is open，open to a possible message from God．I believe he has been chosen by God！'silas's best friend at chapel was William Dane，a serious young man who was，some people thought，a little too sure of his own goodness and cleverness．Silas，however，could see no fault in him，and trusted his friend completely．They remained good friends，when Silas became engaged to a young woman，Sarah，who belonged to the same chapel．In fact Silas was de－lighted that Sarah did not mind if William joined them some－times on their Sunday walks．Strangely，when Silas had his fit at the chapel meeting，William was the only one who disagreed with the minister．'To me it looks more like the devil's work than God's，'William had said．'Look deep into yourself，friend Silas．Is there any evil hiding in your soul？'Silas was hurt that his friend doubted him，and he began to be worried，too，about Sarah．She seemed to be showing signs of dislike towards him，but when he asked her about it，she did not give him any answer．At that time one of the chapel leaders was dangerously ill，and because he had no family，some of the young men offered to sit with him at night．One night Silas was sitting alone at the old man's bedside．Time seemed to pass slowly in the quiet，dark room．But suddenly he realized that the man was no longer breathing．He was dead．'Strange！'thought Silas．'His body's cold！He's been dead for some time！Why did't I notice？Perhaps I've had anoth－er fit．And it's already four o'clock in the morning．Why hasn't William come？He promised he'd come at two o'clock！'He hurried out of the house to call the doctor and the minister，and then went to work as usual，still wondering why William had not arrived．But that evening，after work，William came to his room，with the minister．They were both looking very serious．'You must come to the chapel at once，'said Mr Paston．'But why？'asked Silas，looking unhappily at them．'You will hear when you get there，was the only answer．Then，in the chapel，Silas stood alone，in front of all the peo－ple who were once his friends．The room was silent．There was a pocket－knife in the minister's hand．'Where did you leave this knife？'he asked．Silas was trembling at this strange question．I don't re－member，'he answered．'Silas，Silas，you must confess！'cried the minister．'Tell us the truth！This knife，your knife，was found at the dead man's bedside，and the bag of church money，which I saw there myself only yesterday，has gone！Silas did not speak for a moment．Then he said，'God knows I did not steal the money．Search my room－you won't find the money．I'm not a thief．''You were the only one in our dead friend's house last night，when the money was stolen，'said Mr Paston．'William tells us he was suddenly ill，which prevented him from coming to take your place．We will search your room．And when they went to Silas's room，Willia m fond the missing bag，now empty，under Silas's bed．'Silas，my friend，'cried William，'confess your crime to us now！Send the devilaway from your soul！'Silas turned to the man he had always trusted．'William，in the nine years since we've been friends，have I ever told you a lie？But God will prove the truth．'As he looked at William，he suddenly remembered something，and reddened．He said in a trembling voice，'The knife wasn't in my pocket last night！''I don't know what you mean，'replied William coldly．In the strange little world of the Light Street chapel，they did not believe in the law or judges．They thought only God knew the answers，so they agreed to draw lots to decide what had happened．They all went down on their knees to ask for God's help in finding th truth．Silas knelt with them，sure that God would prove his honesty．There was silence，as the minister took one of the papers out of the covered box．'The lots say that Silas Marner has stolen the money，'he said．'You will leave the chapel，Silas Marner，and you will not be accepted back until you confess your crime．'Silas listened in horror．At last he walked over to William Dane and said firmly，'I lent you my knife，you know that．You stole the money，while I was having a fit，and you've blamed me for it．But perhaps you'll never be punished，since there is no God who takes care of the good and punishes the bad，only a God of lies．''You hear，my friends？'said William，smiling sadly．' This is the voice of the devil speaking．'Silas went home．The next day he sat alone for the whole day，too miserable to do anything．On the second day the min－ ister came to tell him that Sarah had decided she could not marry him．Only a month later，Sarah married William Dane，and soon afterwards Silas Marner left the town．At Raveloe，Silas shut himself away in his cottage．He did not want to think about the disaster he had experienced．He could not understand why God had refused to help him．But now that his trust in God and his friends had been broken， he did not feel strong enough to build up that trust again，in a new church and with new friends．From now on，he would live in a dark，loveless，hopeless world．All that was left to him was his weaving，and he sat at his loom seven days a week，working all the daylight hours．In the town he had earned less，and had given much of his money to the chapel，for the old，the poor，and the sick．But now he be －gan to earn more than ever before，and there was no reason for him to give awayany of it．He was often paid for his linen in gold．He discovered that he liked holding the shining coins in his hand and looking at their bright faces．In his childhood，Silas had been taught，by his mother，to make simple medicines from wild flowers and plants．One day he saw the shoemaker's wife，Sally Oates，sitting at her cottage door，and he realized she had all the signs of the illness which had killed his mother．He felt sorry for Sally，and although he knew he could not prevent her dying，he prepared some medicine for her which made her feel much better．The vil－lagers considered this a good example of Silas's strange，fright －ening power，but as it had worked for Sally，they started visit-ing Silas to ask for help with their own illnesses．But Silas was too honest to take their money and give them useless medicine．He knew he had no special power，and so he sent them away．The villagers believed he was refusing to help them，and they were angry with him．They blamed him for accidents that hap－pened to them，and deaths in the village．So poor Silas's kind－ness to Sally did not help him make friends in Raveloe．But little by little，the piles of gold coins in his cottage grew higher．The harder he worked，the less he spent on himself．He counted the coins into piles of ten，and wanted to see them grow into a square，and then into a larger square．He was de－lighted with every new coin，but it made him want another．His gold became a habit，a delight，a reason for living，almost a reli－gion．He began to think the coins were his friends，who made the cottage less lonely for him．But it was only at night， when he had finished his work，that he spent time with them．He kept them in two bags，under the floorboards near the loom．Like a thirsty man who needs a drink，he took them out every evening to look at them，feel them，and count them．The coins shone in the firelight，and Silas loved every one of them．When he looked at his loom，he thought fondly of the half－earned gold in the work he was doing，and he looked forward to the years ahead of him，the countless days of weaving and the growing piles of gold．1 马南的过去和现在在19世纪初的英国，人们经常在乡村小路上看到一些小个子男人，扛着沉沉的大袋子，样子很古怪。

维多利亚时期测试题

Test to Victorian AgeI.Fill in the blanks. (25’)1. In the Victorian period, __________________ , and moral propriety, which were ignored by the Romanticists, became the predominant preoccupation in literary works.2. In the Victorian period, the _______________ became the most widely read and the most vital expression of progressive thought.3. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, the Victorian novelists shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the _____________ people.4. A new literary trend called _________________ flourished in the forties and the early fifties of the 19th century.5. The ______________ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century.6. The Chartist poetry played an important role in the development of English proletariat literature; the greatest Chartist poet was ___________________.7. The comic element is strong in Charles Dickens’ first novel, ___________________________, which appeared in monthly sections between April 1836 and November 1837. It records the adventures of Mr. Pickwick and his companions as they journey about the country.8. ________________________ is one of Charles Dickens’ best works. It is written in the first person and is the most autobiographical of all his books. In writing the novel, Dickens threw into it deep feelings and much of his own experience in his younger days.9. Written in 1837-38, _____________ tells the story of an orphan boy, whose adventures provide material for a description of the lower depths of London. 10. In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a large-scale criticism of the 19th century England, particularly _____________ (The name of a city).11. In A Tale of Two Cities, the two cities are __________________ in the time of revolution.12. The novel Hard Times makes a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education and bourgeois philosophy ______________________________.13. The novel __________________ touches upon a burning question of Dickens’ ti me: the education of children in the private schools.14. __________________ was the greatest representative of English critical realism.15. In 1847, William Makepeace Thackeray published his masterpiece _____________________ which marks the peak of his literary career.16. The sub-title of Vanity Fair is ________________________ . The writer’s intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.17. The sub-title of the novel Vanity Fair is suggestive of that Vanity Fair in John Bunyan’s ____________________, where all sorts of vanities are on sale.18. The main plot of Vanity Fair centers on the story of two women: Amelia Sedley and _________________ . Their characters are in sharp contrast.19. George Eliot was the pseudonym of _____________________.20. George Eliot produced three remarkable novels including Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and ________________________ .21. Wuthering Heights is written by _______________. It is a morbid story of love, but a powerful attack on the bourgeois marriage system. It shows that true love in a class society is impossible of attainment.22. Thomas Hardy’s novels of character and environment, which are also called _______________, are of great significance.23. Among Thom as Hardy’s novels, the best-known are ___________________ and Jude the Obscure.24. The Happy Price and Other Tales and The House of Pomegranates are two collections of _____________________ written by Oscar Wilde.25. Oscar Wilde’s novel, ________________________ created a sensation when it was published in 1891.II.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F). (10’)26. The most important poet of the Victorian Age was William Wordsworth. ( )27. English poetry in the Victorian Age not only always touched on the serious social problems but also concerned itself with the poet’s purely personal tastes or spiritual questions. ( )28. Aestheticism began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 18th century. ( )29. Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century. ( )30. Oscar Wilde is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. ( )31. Charles Dickens was the first socialist writer who gave bourgeois society a thorough criticism and who voiced the revolutionary ideal of Socialism in his poetry and prose. ( )32. Mr. Rochester is a character in the novel Jane Eyre, which was written by Charlotte Bronte. ( )33. The form of dramatic monologue of telling a story “from the inside”, by a series of psychological soliloquies or “soul-pictures”, was most suitable to Robert Browning’s literary talent. ( )34. Tess is arrested and hanged because she murdered her seducer Angel Clare.35. Alfred Tennyson is remembered mainly as a prose stylist in the history of English literature. ( )III. Choose the best answer for each blank. (15’)36. The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature, the struggle of the ________ for its rights.A. soldiersB. peasantsC. bourgeoisieD. proletariat37. Which of the following writers does NOT belong to critical realists __________A. Charles DickensB. Charlotte BronteC. William Makepeace ThackerayD. John Keats38. The greatest English critical realist novelist was __________ , who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.A. William MakepeaceB. Charles DickensC. Charlotte BronteD. Emily Dickinson39. In the ________ period, Charles Dickens believed that all the evils of the capitalist world would be remedies of only men behave to each other with kindliness, justice, and sympathetic understanding.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth40. “Of all my books,” wrote Dickens, “I like this best.” Which work does it refer to __________A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. The Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist41. Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher society regardless of the social reality ________A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son42. In 1864, Charles Dickens published his last complete novel ________.A. The Old Curiosity ShopB. The Pickwick PaperC. Our Mutual FriendD. Little Dorrit43. William Makepeace Thackeray published two historical novels. One of them is Henry Esmond, and the other is __________.A. PendennisB. The NewcomesC. Vanity FairD. The Virginians44. ________ described the life of the laboring people and criticized the privileged classes, but the power of exposure became much weaker in her work. The significance of her work lies rather in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life.A. George EliotB. Elizabeth Cleghorn GaskellC. William Makepeace ThackerayD. Emily Bronte45. __________ written by George Eliot is largely autobiographical in its early chapters.A. Adam BedeB. The Mill on the FlossC. Silas MarnerD. Mary Barton46. The novels of __________ mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English critical realism following that of Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray. She shifted the center of gravity in the novel from the social problems to the problems of religion and morality.A. Emily BronteB. Elizabeth Cleghorn GaskellC. Charlotte BronteD. George Eliot47. The following are the common characters shared by the three Brontë sisters EXCEPT ________.A. unmarriedB. literaryC. talentedD. dying young48. Which one is NOT Charlotte Brontë’s novels__________A. ProfessorB. VilletteC. ShirleyD. Agnes Grey49. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soullessand heartless … And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.”The above quoted passage is most probably taken from __________.A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Great Expectations50. Anne Brontë’s wrote two novels The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and __________A. ShirleyB. VilletteC. Wuthering HeightsD. Agnes Grey51. Which of the following is NOT true about Wuthering Heights __________A. Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Earnshaw’s house in North England, remote from the outside world and amidst gloomy surroundings.B. The pure love between Heathcliff and Catherine has been crushed by the class prejudice of the bourgeoisie.C. Heathcliff is at first the oppressed and decides to have his revenge on his oppressor, but in the end, having had his revenge, the oppressed turns into oppressor. Here lies the novel’s theme that “a full human life in a capitalist society was impossible of attainment.”D. In the writing of it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience.52. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s best-known novels, portrays man as __________.A. being hereditary(遗传的) either good or badB. being self-sufficientC. having no control over his own fateD. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion53. Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works __________A. Sentimentalism.B. Tragic sense.C. Surrealism.D. Comic sense.54. According to Thomas Hardy’s own classification, his novels divide themselves into three groups. They are the following EXCEPT __________.A. Novels of character and environmentB. Romances and FantasiesC. Novels of IngenuityD. Working class literature55. Thomas Hardy was not only a novelist, but also a poet. The following are Thomas Hardy’s poetic works EXCEPT _____A. Wessex Poems and Other VersesB. Poems of the Past and the PresentC. The DynastsD. The Queen of CornwallIV. Give brief answers to the following questions. (50’)56. What is the major contribution made by the 19th century critical realists57. What are the feat ures of Charles Dickens’ novels58. Vanity Fair is Thackeray’s masterpiece. Please talk briefly about the origin of the title and the writer’s intention about the title.59. Charlotte Bronte is a writer of Realism combined with Romanticism. Why is Jane Eyre by her a successful novel60. Who is your most favorite writer of the Victorian Age Give a brief introductionto one of his/her works and make comments on it.Expanded Exercise：The sub-title of Tess of the D’Urbervilles is A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented. What is your opinion about the heroine。

马兰戈尼流动效应

马兰戈尼流动效应
马兰戈尼流动效应是指某种现象在向下流动时发生的一个相位反转现象。

它是由生物学家马塞罗·马兰戈尼首次提出的。

在生物学领域，马兰戈尼流动效应主要应用于液体中的菌丝体和细胞等生物体的运动研究。

当液体中存在一个梯度或者脉动的外部场时，如化学物质浓度、压力或温度等，生物体在此条件下会产生一种自主的周期性往复运动，即“流动效应”。

马兰戈尼流动效应在生物学中具有重要的意义，它对细胞和组织的运输和排除功能，以及生物体对外部环境的感知和适应等方面起着关键作用。

此外，马兰戈尼流动效应也被广泛应用于人工微流控技术和微生物多样性研究等领域。

总的来说，马兰戈尼流动效应是生物体在外部条件梯度或脉动作用下产生的自主运动现象，对于生物学的研究和应用具有重要价值。

Adam Bede

George Eliot

Mary Ann Evans(1819—1880), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Despite the strong social conventions of her times, she lived unmarried with fellow writer George Henry Lewes for over 20 years. She wrote seven novels, most of them set in provincial England and knows for their intense moral concern and psychological realism.
works?adambede1859亚当贝德?themillonthefloss18591860弗洛斯河上的磨坊?silasmarner1861织工马南传?felixholt1866费利克斯霍尔特?thespanishgypsy1868西班牙吉卜赛人?middlemarch18711872米德尔马契?danielderonda1876丹尼尔德龙达plot?thestorysplotfollowsfourcharactersrurallivesinthefictionalcommunityofhayslopearuralpastoralandcloseknitcommunityin1799
Adam Bede

A tall, stalwart（健壮的）, moral, and unusually competent (有能力的） carpenter. He bears an "expression of large-hearted intelligence."

两相渗流理论--贝克莱-列维尔特驱油理论

第五章两相渗流理论基础两相渗流理论--贝克莱-列维尔特驱油理论内容概要水驱油过程是一个非活塞式的驱替过程，即水渗入到含油区后，不能将全部原油置换出去，而是出现一个油和水同时混合流动的油水混合区，油井见水后还会有很长一段时间的油水同采期，本节继续介绍非活塞式水驱油的基本理论，是本章的重点。

本节应掌握等饱和度面移动方程，水驱油前缘含水饱和度和前缘位置以及两相渗流区中平均含水饱和度的确定；理解井排见水后两相渗流区中含水饱和度变化。

课程讲解：讲解ppt教材自学：第三节非活塞式水驱油(两相渗流理论)本节导学水驱油过程是一个非活塞式的驱替过程，即水渗入到含油区后，不能将全部原油置换出去，而是出现一个油和水同时混合流动的油水混合区，油井见水后还会有很长一段时间的油水同采期，本节继续介绍非活塞式水驱油的基本理论，是本章的重点。

本节重点1、等饱和度面移动方程；★★★★★2、水驱油前缘含水饱和度和前缘位置；★★★★★3、两相渗流区中平均含水饱和度的确定；★★★★★4、井排见水后两相渗流区中含水饱和度变化；★★★一．等饱和度面移动方程(1)单向渗流两相渗流区中任取一微小矩形六面体总流速：水流速：单元模型点M '处：；点M "处：流入水的体积：流出水的体积：dt 时间单元体内流入-流出的水相体积差值为：dt二式相等于是含水率w f 是含水饱和度的函数即)(w w w S f f =，而含水饱和度w S 又是距离和时间的函数，即),(t x S S w w = ,于是上式可以写成：对于等饱和度面的移动规律，即饱和度为定值的平面上, 0=w dS ,即由此可得：又则某一等饱和度平面推进的速度式，称为贝克莱——列维尔特方程或等饱和度面移动方程。

它表明等饱和度平面的移动速度等于截面上的总液流速度乘以含水率对含水饱和度的导w w ww S df S Q t A dS xφ∂∂=-∂∂w w S dxtS dtx∂∂=-∂∂w w ww S df S Q t A dS x φ∂∂=-∂∂数。

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mother
Nancy Lammeter
brothers
Dunstan Cass
-----------------Aaron Dolly Winthrop -----------------Aaron Winthrop
mother
Plot summary
He is accused of the early yearsHe last 19th the knife the story is set in of the use century. stealing the Silas Marner is a member of a small Calvinist to cut some string congregation's in Lantern Yard, for his friend congregation Northern England funds while sitting William, who leads with a ill elder of the the campaign group against him.
Characters in
fiancée
Silas Marner
wife
William Dane -------Eppie Molly Farren ------ -------Eppie
Silas Marner ---------------- Sarah
Godfrey Cass
First wife
Silas sinks into a deep gloom, despite the villagers' attempts to aid him. Dunsey disappears
Godfrey Cass, Dunsey's elder brother, harbours a secret.
He is married to, but estranged from, Molly, an opium-addicted woman of low birth
He settles near the village of Raveloe existing only for work and the gold.
Gold is stolen by Dunstan, a dissolute younger son of Squire Cass, the town’s leading landowner.
Godfrey arrives at the scene but resolves to tell no one that the dead woman is his wife and the child is his.
Silas decides to keep the child and names her Eppie
•
Major themes
• Combine humour and rich symbolism to create a tale of love and hope • Explore the issue of redemptive love, the notion of community, the role of religion, and the status of family. • criticisms of organized religion and the negative impacts of industrialization.
SilaGeorge Eliot
• • • • dramatic novel published in 1861 strong realism attitude to religion
George Eliot (1819～1880)
real name Mary Anne , pen name George Eliot English novelist, journalist and translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. • the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede(1859) 《亚当．比德》 , The Mill on the Floss (1860) 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 , Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72) 《米德尔马契》, and Daniel Deronda (1876) 《丹尼尔·德龙达》 • most of them are set in provincial England and well known for their psychological insight, predominant moralization, and belief in the religion of humanity. E’s novels marked the beginning of a new stage of English realism • •
The couple, who are childless, go to Silas and reveal this to him, asking that Silas give Eppie up to their care.
Eppie has no desire to be raised as a gentleman's daughter if it means forsaking Silas. • At the end, Eppie marries a local boy, Aaron, son of Dolly Winthrop, and both of them move into Silas' newly enlarged house, courtesy of Godfrey, and they live a happy life together.
Though Silas has been robbed of his material gold but has it returned to him in the goldenhaired Eppie.
Sixteen years later, Eppie grows up to be the pride of the town with a very strong bond with Silas, who through her has found inclusion and purpose in life.
the skeleton of Dunstan Cass is found at the bottom of the stone quarry, still clutching Silas’ gold
Godfrey confesses to Nancy that Molly was his first wife and that Eppie is his child.
The secret threatens Godfrey's blooming relationship with Nancy, a young woman of higher social and moral standing.
The child wanders from her mother's still body into Silas' house.

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