唐桃红《英语词汇学》期末试卷1卷

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英语词汇学各章试题(卷)

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structureor forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins andhistory of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels:lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD.semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’schoices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form ,meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D.pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particulardisciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD.academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which membersof particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category thatseems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use isconfined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD.policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect inquestion.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD.Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use butare now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words thathave taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD.formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore,they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the originsand _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such asmorphology, ______,etymology, stylistics, ________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammarand_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points withexamples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, five Functional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which canbe grouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in greatnumbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders,many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modernEnglish.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flowof ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts,and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which arederived from the dead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian allbelong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or socialpower and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to thepresent _____ language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be groupedinto an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words 2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, greenrevolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I． Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locativeprefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming orderivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems .Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus apart of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the originaland using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.) ( ) C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action, etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes （）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau)20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting theobjective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘He is fond of pen ’, pen is a ______ motivatedword.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content wordshave both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture,historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocativemeaning D. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards theperson or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD.understanding12. ___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotionssuch as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD.Explanations13. It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic andaffective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations. A.conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaning C. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD.different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggesttheir ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meaningsof many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.18. _______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.19. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their______. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word.20. Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptualmeaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning45. affective meaningV.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:1. C2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.C8.D9.A 10.B11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associativemeaningII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by theconceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language.For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylisticfeatures, which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing inquestion. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative.For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation.In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that wouldbest complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and developmentof the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and thesecondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away fromits first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or verynearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/;bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employedin a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only onemeaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course。

词汇学模拟试卷1及答案

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（一)I。

Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%）1。

The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______.A. rootsB. morphsC. stems D。

morphemes（)2。

The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______。

A。

stability 。

B。

productivityC。

polysemy . D。

all national character( )3。

Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian。

A. Celtic .B. HellenicC。

Italic . D. Germanic 。

（）4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion。

A。

borrowing B. backformationC。

creation D。

semantic change( )5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______。

A. blends B。

compoundsC。

acronyms D。

initialisms .（)6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes，but the word “shortenings” has ______ morphemes。

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(45％)1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are_____.A．primary and secondary B．Central and peripheralC．diachronic and synchronic D．Formal and functional2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.A．absolute and relative B．Absolute and completeC．relative and near D．Complete and identical4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and FrenchC．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．A．formal B．Concrete C．free D．bound6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleatC．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notesC．language notes D．all of the above8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related toA．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring wordmeaning．A．eight B．Six C．seven D．five11．Sources of homonyms include____.A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowingC．shortening D．all of the above12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．A．selective B．Adequate C．imperfect D．natural13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．A．morpheme B．Stem C. stemord D．compound14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．A．sufrixes B．Prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.Latin，____.A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and ScandinavianC．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish第二部分非选择题BⅡ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book．(25%)16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergois .17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a dictionary．18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or in the context to help the readers．19．Radiation and are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150to .Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．(30%)A B( )21．skill A．back—formation( )22．babysit B．blendlng( )23．telequiz C．French origin( )24．composition／compounding D．Scandinavian origin( )25．government E．clipping( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms( )27．gent G. Germanic( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms英语词汇学答案1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D15.B16．extension 或generalization 17．Specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J。

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷及答案

I. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions.（每题1分，共10分）1. Archaisms are words no longer in _________ use or _______ in use.2. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _________.3. The Indo - European language is made up of most of the languages of _____；_______； _____.4. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _______ meaning just like a ________. In English， bound roots are either _______ or _________.5. Affixes are forms that are ________ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups： ________ and ________.6. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _________， ________ and ________.7. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both ________ and ______ as a single word.8. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is ________.9. Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _______ meaning.10. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups： ________ and _________.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（每题1分，共10分）1. Old English was a highly inflected language. （）2. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （）3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （）4. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. （）5. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （）6. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit， so the internal structure can not be changed. （）7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partial conversion. （）8. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns， verbs and adverbs. （）9. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms， but there are many exceptions. （）10. Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （）III. Fill in each bland with a word contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket.（每题2分，共20分）1. Beads and shells are ________ forms of money. （modern）2. I have finished all the exercises， I am ______ done. （partly）3. On a humid day， there is a lot of ________ in the air. （dryness）4. Mosquitoes won't bite just anyone. They look for someone ________. （ordinary）5. If you want to drive， it is ______ to have a driver's license. （unnecessary）6. There is a great _____ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things. （difference）7. The man said， "I am ________. I didn't do it！" （guilty）8. The soldier stood in a ______ position while the general walked past him. （relaxed）9. You will have to ______ the string in order to open the box. （tighten）10. No one lives in that ______ house. （inhabited）IV. Explain the following terms：（每题5分，共20分）1. word2. affixes3. concept4. hyponymyV. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms：（每题1分，共20分）take on； break into； bite into ； go about； let out； draw up； set down；hold on to； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through； set off； call for； tear apart； buy off； build in； count on； sink in1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto， and political demonstration ______ the great cities of Paris， Vienna， Naples and Berlin.2. With liberal doses of calomel， rhubarb and castor oil， he slowly improved，and after three weeks， he ______ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed.3. He travelled to foundling homes， prisons and lunatic asylums in his search for people.4. We ________ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima.5. I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words _______， jolting me out of my sad reverie.6. No one talks about it any more， and no one wants to， especially， the people who were born here or who ______ it.7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and he thought that Hitler was ______ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A.8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _______ that _______？9. Assuming the hotel man was ______， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly.10. When railroads began ______ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce， Mark Twain left the country.11. By the time the trial began on July 10， our town of 1500 people had _______a circus.12. Among them was John Butler， who had _______ the anti - evolution law.13. Then the court ______ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.14. The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and ______ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it.15. By 1976， the slump had begun to _______ the bulk - carrier trade.16. The key tactic behind its strategy of _______ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment.17. Sailors and officers ______ their chores as usual on these ships， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks.18. Mr. Hopkins has _______ your name. He appears impressed， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth.19. He _________ a Southern war whoop. In a flash， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him.20. Mr. Jefferson， I can't quite ________ what it is you're talking about.VI. Questions and answers：（每题10分，共20分）1. What is extra - linguistic context？2. What is back - formation？I.1. common； obsolete.2. semantic loan.3. European； the Near East； India.4. fundamental； free root； Latin； Greek.5. attached； inflectional； derivational.6. word - formation； affixation， compounding； conversion.7. grammatically； semantically.8. monosemic； polysemy.9. essential.10. absolute synonyms； relative synonymsII.1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F8. F9. T10. TIII.1. old - fashioned2. completely3. moisture4. special5. essential6. similarity7. innocent8. rigid9. loosen10. desertedIV.1. The definition of a word comprises the following points：（1） a minimal free form of a language；（2） a sound unity；（3） a unit of meaning；（4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to the function of affixes， we can put them into two groups： inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional， thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the word and the suffixes after the word.3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human cognition，reflecting the objective world in the human mind， It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture， restricted to language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is， the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For instance， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower， the general word flower is the superordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip， rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree - like graphs， with higher - order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.V.1. tore apart2. called for3. built up4. set off5. sand in6. lived through7. counting on8. put out9. bought off10. drying up11. taken on12. drawn up13. broke into14. setting down15. bite into16. holding on to17. went about18. brought up19. let out20. make outVI.1. When we talk about context， we usually think of linguistic context， hardly aware of the non - linguistic situation， which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. The extra - linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire cultural background， which may also affect the meaning of words. Take the term trade union for example. In western counties， a trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established purposefully in opposition to the management， are expected to stage constant struggle against the management， are expected to say， shorter working hours， better working conditions and higher pay. The trade union leaders assume considerable power and have different duties and responsibilities. In China，however， the term has quite a different meaning. It is simply an organisation of masses under the leadership of the Party in each working unit， chiefly concerning the benefits of its members. There is no such thing as negotiation between the unions and management for higher pay or shorter working hours though unions are well in the position to make suggestions.2. Back - formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases， and back - formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back - formation usually involves the following types of words： abstract nouns； human nouns； compound nouns and others； adjectives. Words created through back - formation are mostly verbs. There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs. Stylistically， back - formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false（每小题1分，共10分）1. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation.2. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.3. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.4. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem.5. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.6. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.8. Unlike conceptual meaning， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.9. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user.10. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.II. Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text（每小题1分，共8分）1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： _____； ______；_____； ________.2. There is no _____ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.3. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _____， ______ and _______.4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding ______ or ______ to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words，affixation falls into two subclasses： ______ and _____.5. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _____.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles： ________ and _______.7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses， traditionally known as ______ and ________.8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _____ and ________， but different in _______.III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland（每小题1分，共16）1. He mounted his ________ （gee - gee， steed）。

英语词汇学(一) 期末考试试题及参考答案

A. l. semantic
15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]
A. are complex words.
Test 1
I.Stylistics is the study of style. It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects
A. situation B. context C. time D. place
B. are technical words
C. refer to the commonest things in life.
D. denote the most important concepts.
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）
B. Danish origin
C. Latin origin
D. Greek origin
14. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.
D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]

词汇学模拟试卷(参考答案)

词汇学模拟试卷（参考答案）《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一)I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets. (30%) 1. English lexicology embraces morphology, semantics,______ stylistics and lexicography.A. etymologyB. pragmaticsC. syntax .D. phonology ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______.A. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______.A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings” has______ morphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______.A. dorm for “dormitory”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television” ( )9. The word “mouth” in the phrase “the mouth of a river” is regarded as a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically ( ) 10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the ______ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning ( ) 11. Frogs croak, but elephants ______.A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet ( ) 12. The antonyms “present” and “absent” are ______ terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded ( )113. The idiom “scream and shout” is a good example of ______.A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition ( ) 14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except ______.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure ( ) 15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the ______ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonological ( ) II. Complete the sentences with the proper words from the course book. (15%) 1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given __________________and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ____________________ language (Old English) to the present analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ___________________ morphemes.4. A ________________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the compositionof words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _______________it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the_________________ of the Roman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as ____________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _________________ andarbitrary. 9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of __________________ inclusion. 10. The same word may have different ___________________ meanings as shown in “do, does, did, done, doing.”11. Synonyms may differ in the ___________________ and intensity of meaning. 12. The word “famous” is ___________________, but the word “notorious” isderogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and ______________________ stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into ____________________ context and grammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain are both _____________________ dictionaries.III(Decide whether the following statements are true or false andthen put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. ( )2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages. ( )24. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be content words, which are also known as notional words. ( )5. The word“miniskirt” is a semantically motivated word. ( ) 6. There is a reversative prefix in the word “unwrap”. ( )7. The words “AIDS” and “UFO” are regarded as acronyms. ( )8. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “shorter”. ( )9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( ) 10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. ( )11. The word “disease” originally meant “discomfort”, but now it means “illness”, soit has undergone degradation of meaning. . ( ) 12. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. ( ) 13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, only resulting in synonymous idioms. ( ) 14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes. ( ) 15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary. ( ) IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?33. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?4V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer place.5《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)参考答案I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.65. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known aslinguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题2. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called7Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivationalaffixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on. 5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known aslinguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.82) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.9。

英语词汇学_习题集1（含答案）

英语词汇学_习题集1（含答案）《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、Rewriting the short paragraph1. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four timesa week at our little local theatre.2. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATI ENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”3. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her thather speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.4. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the oth er side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.5. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.二、Multiple choices6. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four7. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four8. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-10. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense11. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists12. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists13. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists14. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists15. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists16. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym17. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym18.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym19. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym20.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym21. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix22. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix23. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix24. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix25. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix26.The word “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of seman tic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction27.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation28.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation29.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation30.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation31. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD32. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD33. The English vocabulary is characterized by the strong influence of French _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD34. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD35. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD36.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words37. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words38. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words39. The word “base” meaning“the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words40. The word “son” meaning“one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words41. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy42. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. hyponymyD. polysemy43. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy44. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. polysemyC. antonymyD. synonymy45. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy46.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension47.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension48.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension49.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”.The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension50. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition51. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning52. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning53. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning54._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning55. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning三、Terms56. proverbabsolute synonym57. function wordsonomatopoeic words58. homonymydegradation59. metaphorprefixation60. polysemyelevation of meaning四、Questions61. How is American English related to British English?What is the vital role of context?62. What are the differences between American English and British English?How are the sound and meaning of most words related?63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?64. What is the relationship between American English andBritish English?What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?What are the types of context?五、Word-building processes（略）……答案一、Rewriting the short paragraph1. 1. childhood2. act3. prettier4. luck5. performances2. 1. confidence 2. ability3. impatient4. succeed5. achievement3. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused4. director5. movement4. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful5. slip5. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished二、Multiple choices6. C7. C8. C9. A11. A12. D13. A14. A15. D16. C17. C18. C19. C20. C21. A22. C23. B24. C25. B26. D27. A28. A29. B30. D31. B32. A33. A34. B35. B36. C37. C38. B39. B41. D42. D43. C44. B45. C46. C47. B48. A49. D50. D51. A52. C53. B54. C55. D三、Terms56. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / Th e early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.57. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t havemuch lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.58.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident59. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart60. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd四、Questions61. How is American English related to British English?British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.What is the vital role of context?The impact of context on word meaning can be seen in the following aspects: eliminating ambiguities arising from the polysemy and grammatical analysis of a sentence or a phrase, conveying emotional overtones and indicating referents and the range of the meaning.62. What are the differences between American English and British English?The chief differences in pronunciation lie in the vowel sounds. The American and British spelling systems are essentially the same except that the American variant is simpler than its English counterpart. Differences in grammar are few in number and trifling in nature. The differences of American and British vocabulary can be grouped into three categories: words without counterparts, same word with different meanings and same idea for different words. How are the sound and meaning of most words related?There are two linguistic schools concerning the relationship between sound and meaning. One is conventionalist and the other is naturalists. The latter school believes that there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and its meaning while the former not. Actually, most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols. There is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that thepeople of a given community have agreed to use one to designate the other.63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. The fundamental features of the basic word stock are as follows. The first one is national character. The second is stability. The third one is word-formation ability.How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?If one comes across a word with more than one meaning; only context can help you to select the exact meaning of the word from many choices. The same can be true of the grammatical structure which may confuse the readers. Furthermore, the real feeling of the writer can only be appreciated with the specific occasion how a word is used. Last, context does indicate referents and the range of the meaning of a word.64. What is the relationship between American English and British English?British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?Conversion is different from suffixation. In suffixation, a suffix or a combining form is added to the base and the original word will undergo a change in word-class, semantic change and phonological change. In contrast to suffixation, conversion in most cases does change the word-class of the original word but not the meaning or sound. We do have cases where conversion results in not only change in word-class but also semantic changeand phonological change. However, conversion differs from suffixation most in that there is not word form change in the former process, that is the form of the original word always remains same after conversion while there is always some addition to the original word after suffixation.65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.What are the types of context?There are two types of context: linguistic or verbal contexts or extra-linguistic or non-verbal contexts. The linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical, grammatical and verbal context in its broad sense. The extra-linguistic context refers to the actual speech situation in which aword occurs and the entire cultural background against which a word or an utterance or a speech event has to be set.五、Word-building processes（略）……。

英语词汇学期末考试题库

英语词汇学期末考试题库英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic e lements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______./doc/d315509025.html,nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with thosein Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock?Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1.II., historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27.IV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, cloud, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be groupedinto the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on theEnglish vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.。

英语词汇学各章试题(卷)

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure orforms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history ofthe form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis,syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user ’s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form ,meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplinesand academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members ofparticular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category thatseems to stand between the standard general words including informalones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined tothe sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD.policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectalwords12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use butare now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great9. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words thathave taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good10. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal11. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, theyare also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressionsaccording to the course book.12.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and_____of words.13.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.14. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such asmorphology, ______,etymology, stylistics, ________.15. There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.16. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammarand_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic wordstock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowedwords 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail13. Collocbility( ) B. aught14. Jargon( ) C. por15. Argot ( ) D. upon16.Notional words( ) E. hypo17. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart18. Aliens ( ) G. man19. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip20. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh21. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2)types of nonbasic vocabulary.22. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )17. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )23. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI. 16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyII. 21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII. 31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I( 练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.18.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can begrouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 200019.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed20.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French21.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism22.In the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders,many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian23.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 90024.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flowof ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin25.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12 thB. 13 thC. 14 thD.15 th26.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller27.The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian28.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derivedfrom the dead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek29.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic30.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belongto the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon31.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic32.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power andmany of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10 thB.11 thC.12 thD. 13 thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.33.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.34.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.35.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present_____ language.36.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,_______.37.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of thewords 2)history off English development 3) language family.A B38. Celtic ( ) A.politics39. religious ( ) B.moon40.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian41. French ( ) D.London42. Old English ( ) E. abbot43.Dutch ( ) F. skirt44.Middle English ( ) G. sunu45. Modern English ( ) H. lernen46. Germanic family ( ) I. freight47.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.48. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )24. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )38. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )40. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )41. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.42. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.51. Describe the characteristics of Old English .52. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.53. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.54. What are the three main sources of new words ?55. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII. 16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III. 21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV. 31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root25.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1) The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2) Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3) The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.39. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II （练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.49.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes50.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo -friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes51.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes52.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes53.The prefixes in words bi lingual , uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes54.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size55.Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames56.Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames57.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes58.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames59.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes60.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes61.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames62.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes63.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.64.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivationalaffixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems .Words formed in this way are called _________.66. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.67. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part ofanother word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original andusing what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B26. Concrete denominal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless27. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward28. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.) ( ) C. engineer29. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action, etc) （） D. darken30. De-adjective noun suffixes （）Ｅviolinist31. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness32. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable33. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent34. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood35. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types ofacronymy and write the full terms.36.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )40. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V. Define the following terms .42. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.43. What are the characteristics of compounds ?44. What are the main types of blendings ?45. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:46. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf —loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse —drowsy laze---lazy47. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :56. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake68. Back clipping, stereophonic69.Front and back clipping, influenza70.Phrase clipping, public house71. Initialisms, care of72. Acronyms, Victory Day73. Initialisms, tuberculosis74. Back clipping, discotheque75. Front clipping, helicopter76. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives37. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun (4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning ( 练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.77. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting78._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objectiveworld in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context79.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside80. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related81.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically82.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically83.In the sentence ‘He is fond of pen ’, pen is a ______ motivatedword.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically84.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically85.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content wordshave both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning86.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture,historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocativemeaning D. Affective meaning87.Affective meaning indicates the speaker ’s _______towards theperson or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD. understanding88.___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotionssuch as oh, dear me, alas .A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD.Explanations89.It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meaningsare revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning90.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. differentwords91.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.92.In modern English one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and themeanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.94._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.95.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______.In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of theword.96.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptualmeaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B97. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear98.Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny99. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender100. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss101. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic102. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)103. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail104. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home105. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug106. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.107. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )38. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )41. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )108. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV. Define the following terms .42. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45.affective meaningV. Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.43. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI. Analyze and comment on the following.48. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.49. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:57. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B2.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI. 16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaning II. 21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII. 31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation7. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation12. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning41. Affective meaning 38. pejorative51. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII. 49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1) Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother ,denoting a ‘f emale parent ’, is often associated with ‘l ove ’,‘c are ’, etc..(2) Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features,which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have thesame conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3) Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker ’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example,famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotationsimplying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4) Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In otherwords, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don ’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there issome overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field ( 练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.109.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages110.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional111._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection112. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its firstsense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense thatis finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation113.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage114.________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms115. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy116._________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/;bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms117. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms118.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms119.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms121.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms122.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning123.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.。

英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案

试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. （30% ）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as_______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long （not short）B. ball （a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll ）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10% ）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l （place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing （） D.Swedish25.linguistic （） prehend/understand26.ambiguity （） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation （）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes ）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressionsand identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2 ）types of word formation or prefixes. （10% ）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint （）35.preliminaries （）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize （）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell （）40.multi-purposes （）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10% ）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below（.12% ）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. （18% ）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A51.J52.B53.C54.I55.E56.G57.HⅣ.(10%)58.bound root59.（head+tail）blinding60.inflectional affix/morpheme61.a+n62.full conversion63.suffix64.reversative prefix65.prefix of degree66.prefix67.number prefixⅤ.(10%)68.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.69.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.70.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.71.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.72.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)73.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.74.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.75.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)24. ）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion ）,nationalist （nation+al+ist ）,unearthly（un+earth+ly ）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.76.）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine （3 分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking （1 分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive （2 分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial （2 分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship （1 分）。

词汇学模拟试卷1及答案word精品

英语词汇学》模拟试卷（一）I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the givenbrackets. (30%)1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ____ .A. rootsB. morphsC. stemsD. morphemes2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock isA. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( )3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ____ with a number of borrowings fromLatin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . (4. In modern times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change5. The words“motel”and “comsat”are called .A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . (6. The word “teachers”contains three morphemes, but the word“shortenings”hasmorphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five7. Reference is the relationship between language and theA. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense (8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: _A. dorm for “dormitory ”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television”(9. The word “mouth”in the phrase“the mouth of a river”is regarded as amotivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically (10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms dependingon the ______________ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning11. Frogs croak, but elephants ____ .A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet12. The antonyms“present”and “absent”are terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded13. The idiom “scream and shou”t is a good example of _ .A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition (14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except _____ .A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure (15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the _____ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonologicalII. Complete the following sentences with the proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given ________________and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ___________________ language (Old English) to thepresent analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are knownas ________________________ morphemes.4. A ______________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the compositionof words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of ______________it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the _______________ of theRoman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as __________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _______________ and arbitrary.9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of _________________ inclusion.10. The same word may have different __________________ meanings as shown in“do, does, did, done, doing”.11. Synonyms may differ in the __________________ and intensity of meaning.12. The word “famous”is _______________ , but the word“notorious”isderogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and _____________________ stability, idiomsdo not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into __________________ context andgrammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain areboth ____________________ dictionaries.III ．Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter“T ”if the statement is true or“F”if it is false. (15%)1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units knownas morphs. ( )2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by usefrequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavianlanguages. ( )4. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be contentwhich are also known as notional words. (5. The word “miniskirt ”is a semantically motivated word. (6. There is a reversative prefix in the word“unwrap”. (7. The words“AIDS ”and “UFO”are regarded as acronyms. (8. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word“shorter”. (9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( 10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. (11. The word “disease”originally meant “discomfort”, but now itmeans“illness”, so ) ) words, ) ) ) ) )it has undergone degradation of meaning. . (12. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. (13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part ofspeech, only resulting in synonymous idioms.14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes.15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary. IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?3. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of freemorphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates andsubordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin..英语词汇学》模拟试卷（—）参考答案I. 选择题1. D2. D 10. A 11. D3. D4. C12. C 13. A5. A14. B6. C7. B15. C8. C 9. DII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative13. structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morpheme as in “cat”and “teach”or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in“foolish ”and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can bedefined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part ofa word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, butacronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words.4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.V •论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: idealistic (ideal + ist + ic),antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes,“ideal”, “light ”and “house”are freemorphemes, but all the rest -st, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and —are bound morphemes.Of the six bound morphemes, -ist, -ic, an te- and-ent are derivati onal morphemes and-s is an inflectional morpheme, while -ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences, but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound to others to form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In the first sentence,“trees”, “water”and “place”are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake”and “cabin”in the second sentence are allsubordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previoussentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。

7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。

8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。

9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。

10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。

三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。

13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。

15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。

参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。

12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。

例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "university" is derived from the Latin word "universitas," which originally meant:A. A place of higher educationB. A legal entityC. A group of studentsD. A city2. In English, the term "neologism" refers to:A. An old word that has been revivedB. A new word or expressionC. A word that has fallen out of useD. A word that has been borrowed from another language3. Which of the following is an example of a compound word?A. BicycleB. TelephoneC. UnicycleD. Both A and B4. The word "breakfast" is a:A. Compound wordB. BlendC. AcronymD. Back-formation5. The word "mouse" when referring to a computer device is anexample of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Hyponymy6. The term "morpheme" in linguistics refers to the:A. Smallest meaningful unit of languageB. Largest meaningful unit of languageC. Smallest grammatical unit of languageD. Largest grammatical unit of language7. Which of the following is an example of a prefix?A. -lyB. un-C. -nessD. re-8. The word "unhappy" is formed by adding the prefix "un-" to the root word "happy," which is an example of:A. AffixationB. ConversionC. CoinageD. Blending9. The word "edit" can be traced back to the Latin word "edere," which means:A. To eatB. To publishC. To give outD. To cut10. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing one is known as:A. ClippingB. Back-formationC. BlendingD. Acronym formation二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The word "kindergarten" is a compound of two German words, "kind" meaning ______ and "garten" meaning garden.12. The term "semantic shift" refers to a change in the______ of a word over time.13. An example of a back-formation is the word "edit," which was derived from the noun "editor."14. The word "geek" originally had a negative connotation but has undergone ______ to become a term of endearment for tech enthusiasts.15. The process of creating a new word by combining parts of two or more words is known as ______.16. The prefix "auto-" in "autonomous" comes from the Greek word for ______.17. The suffix "-able" in "readable" is used to form ______ adjectives.18. The term "etymology" refers to the study of the ______ of words.19. A word that has the same form as another but a different meaning is an example of ______.20. The word "smog" is a blend of "smoke" and "fog," which is an example of a ______ word.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a homograph and a homophone.22. Describe the process of semantic change known as amelioration.23. What is the role of borrowing in the development of a language's vocabulary?24. Discuss the concept of word class conversion and provide an example.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）25. Discuss the impact of globalization on the English lexicon.26. Analyze the factors that contribute to the creation of new words in English.答案：一、选择题1. B2. B3. D4. A5. A6. A7. D8. A9. C 10. A二、填空题11. child 12. meaning 13. back-formation 14. semantic shift 15. blending 16. self 17. adjective 18. history 19. homonym 20. portmanteau三、简答题21. A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning and possibly a different pronunciation, while a homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning andspelling.22. Amelioration refers to the。

唐桃红英语词汇学期末试卷1卷

江汉艺术职业学院《英语词汇学》期末试卷管理学院英语教育专业用卷时长100分钟I . Fill the gaps with the given words or expressions. (10X1)bound form morphemeroot affixinflectional affix prefixcompounding derivationfree form suffix__________1. A minimum unit of meaning__________2. A morpheme to which affixes can be added__________3. A linguistic form that can occur as an independent word __________4. A morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme__________5. A bound morpheme attached to a root__________6. An affix attached to the beginning of a root__________7. An affix attached to the end of a root__________8. An affix (in English, usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning__________9. The process by which noninflectional affixes are added to roots to form wordsformslinguistic two together joining of process The __________10.which can function independentlyII. Fill in the blanks in part A , B , C and D.(10X2+5x2+5X1+5X1)A. Fill in the blanks with the given hints.11. a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors, musicians, etc., can rest when not performing（green）：____________12. a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto, especially near stairs (hand):___________13. a flesh of sunlight, especially through a break in clouds: (sun):___________14. the condition of having sore skin after experiencing effectsof strong sunlight (sun): ___________15. a short book giving all the most important information abouta subject (hand):__________16. a large fixed basin foe water for washing one's hands and face (wash):___________17. a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping whencamping (sleeping):____________18. the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins (sun):________19. a division into smaller parts (break)：_______________20. a sudden appearance or beginning of something bad(out):___________B. Explain the following words and translate into Chinese.. UN United Nations 联合国21. IOC __________________; _____________________22. NATO ___________________; _____________________23. smog _________________;_______________________24. brunch _________________;_______________________25. V-DAY _________________;_______________________C. Write the opposites of these words.26. maximum: ______________27. accept: ______________28. mature. ______________29. existence: ______________30. happiness: ______________D. Choose the proper word into the sentences.________ (bridal, bridle) gown was trimmed with lace.32. A _________ (pedal, peddle) of the bicycle fell off.33. The wreckers began to ________ (raise, raze) the building.34. Edgar cannot sail until he has a full _______ (complement, compliment) of men for his crew, and he is still lacking a deck hand.35. Although we watched carefully, the guard remained ________ (stationary, stationery) for one hour.III. Choose the best answer from the choices. This part consistsof A, B , C, D and E. (5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1)A. Study the following words and identify the types of morphemes underlined.( )36. windy A. suffix( )37. predict B. prefix( )38. works C. free morpheme( )39. maltreat D. inflectional affix( )40. beautiful E. bound rootB. Find out the synonyms of these words.41. overcome A. acknowledge42. sentiment B. weary43. confess C. reply44. exhausted D. emotion45. respond E. conquerC. Choose the answer from A and B.A== metaphor B== metonymy46. the finger of a clock ( )47. to one's face ( )48. the shoulder of a vase ( )49. to write a good hand ( )50. the neck of violin ( )D. Choose the best translation.51. like a fish out of water A. 文绉绉52. like a cat on hot bricks B 满脸绯红如鱼离水53. blush like a rose C.54. like a rat in a hole D. 如坐针垫55. speak like a book E. 瓮中之鳖the proper answer from the four choices.following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.B. prewarC. postwarD. bloodyword “motel” is created by ______.A. compoundingB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation58.“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.A. initialismB. clipping C back-formation D. prefixation______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymologicalrose flower is 60. The sense relation between the two wordsand_______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymyIV. True or false. Write T or F next to the sentences. (5X1')( )61. Words that are opposite in meaning are often called antonyms.( )62. Foreign words provide a most important source of English synonyms.a verb formed by derivation.The word ‘fuel' is ( ) 63.( )64. Words have no meaning, people have meaning for them.( )65. Absolute synonyms are very common.V. Write down the Chinese meanings of these English phrases. (10X2)66. home letters_________ homemaker ____________67. home voyage________ home sickness __________68. home affairs ___________ home help___________69. poverty-stricken _________ summer-flowering _________70. peace-loving __________ hot-tempered __________江汉艺术职业学院《英语词汇学》期末试卷答题卡管理学院英语教育专业用卷时长100分钟题号I II III IV V总分分得I. Fill the gaps with the given words or expressions. (10X1)得分评卷人得分．评卷人II. Fill in the blanks in part A. B. C and D.(10X2+5x2+5X1+5X1) A. Fill in the blanks with the given hints.11. ___________18. ____________15____________B. Explain the following words and translate into Chinese.21.__________________; __________________ __________________;__________________22.__________________; __________________23.24. __________________; __________________ __________________;__________________25.C. Write the opposites of these words.D. Choose the proper word into the sentences.III. Choose the best answer from the choices. This part consistsof A, B , C D and E. (5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1)得分36-40._____________________评卷人41-45. _____________________46-50._____________________51-55. _____________________IV. True or false. Write T or F next to the得分sentences. (5X1)评卷人61-65. __________________________V. Write down the Chinese meanings of these得分English phrases. (10X2)评卷人 ____________ ____________ _____________ _____________ _____________。

自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(1)答案

with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have
strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established
affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes
come before the word and the suffixes after the word.
3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human
trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or
profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group
language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring
expressions as there are languages in the world.
4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.
7. grammatically； semantically.
8. monosemic； polysemy.
9. essential.
10. absolute synonyms； relative synonyms

英语词汇学期末考试试题及参考答案

XX大学XX学年第X学期期末考试X学院一般考试《英语词汇学》试题(A)适用专业：适用年级：PART I Multiple Choice (10x3=30 Points)Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（1)Which pair of words is an illustration of Degradation [ ]A. lewd ignorantB. silly foolishC. last pleasureD. knave boy（2)In literal works, Writers often use homophones to create puns for desired effects of ( )A. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above（3)The Meaning of a word changes in the following four ways: _____. ()A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation（4)In rhetoric, the use of one name for that of another associated with it is called _____. [ ]A. simileB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor（5)Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example [ ]A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"（6)Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. rulesC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure（7)In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation（8)As a branch of linguistics, lexicology studies:A. the grammatical system of a languageB. the phonemic structure of a languageC. the historical development of a languageD. The vocabulary of a language（9). Morphemes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound morphemesB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational morphemes（10)Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. ZooII. Blank filling (5x3=15)Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.III. Semantic Feature Analysis (5x3=15)Directions: Characterize the following lexical items, using the three binary semantic features: [± Male] [±Adult ] [±Human ]（16).Man（17).woman（18).boy（19).girl（20).cowIV. Word Formation Analysis (5x2=10)Directions: Study the following words and expressions and analyze the internal structure of them by the identification of 1) types of morphemes;2) types of word formations (5x2=10)（21). headache（22). likely（23). preview（24). Smog（25). editV. Q&A(2x15=30)Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（26)What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point. （27)What is the relationship between meaning and sound? Give one example to illustrate your point.XX大学XX学年第X学期XX专业英语词汇学课程期末考试试题X卷参考答案I Multiple Choice（10*3=30 ）1-5 ADABB 6-10 DBADBII Blank Filling (5*3=15 )（11）The primary meaning （12）The derivative meaning（13 ）Metaphor （14）Motivation（15）degenerationⅢSemantic Feature Analysis (5*3=15 )[ Adult ] [Human ]（16) .Man + +（17) .woman + +（18) .boy _ +（19) .girl _ +（20) . cow + _IV. Word Formation Analysis (5*2=10 )（21) . headache head ache composition（22) . likely like ly derivation（23) . preview pre view derivation（24) . smog smoke fog blending（25) . edit edit or backformationV. Q&A（2*10=20 Points ）Key points（28）Collocative meaning is different from the meaning listed in a dictionary.it consists of the association that a word acquired on account of meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.For example,Pretty and handsome share common ground in the meaning “good lo oking” but may be distinguished by the range of nouns with which they are likely to co-occur.Pretty girl handsome boyPretty boy handsome man（29）The relation between name and meaning is still a controversial issue. Some linguists believe, the relation is arbitrary. Others holds that meaning is motivated. Both theories have strength and meaning.XX大学XX学年第X学期XX专业英语词汇学课程期末考试试题X卷评分标准本次考试试卷共包括五部分，题型为客观题和主观题相结合，卷面成绩共计100分。

《英语词汇学》参考试卷一

Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．soundC．combination of sounds D．group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．as quickly asC．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.1（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．forms2C．dialects D．terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usage3C．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word（）33．and C．transfer of sensations（）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete（）35．here and there E．derivational affix（）36．moon F．alliteration（）37．rough and ready G．functional word（）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing. 43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and4content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.5。

英语词汇学试卷样卷

英语词汇学试卷样卷⼴东外语外贸⼤学英语教育学院《英语词汇》12--13学年度第⼀学期期末考试试题A卷考核对象：11 级通选考试时间：80分钟I. Multiple choices. Choose the one that is most appropriate for the sentence.(20*1)1. After the , the Germanic tributes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came ingreat numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French2. Adulthood contains .A. concrete denominal noun suffixB. abstract denominal noun suffixC. de-adjective noun suffixD. deverbal noun suffix3. Utopia, Odyssey and Babbitt are words from .A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames4.Which of the following words are opaque words?A richnessB abstractionC freeD transparent5.Which word can be used before nouns ?A cowardB motherlyC deeplyD loudly6. The meaning of the phrase “covered court” is______.A 室内场地D 结果已定的案件7. “Have a crush on someone” means__________ in Chinese.A 与某⼈有⽭盾B 与某⼈意见⼀致C 喜欢某⼈D 饶恕某⼈8. “Bring down the house” means__________ in Chinese.A 赢得喝彩B 封锁现场C 集中起来D ⽆理取闹9. “Pull up one’s socks” means__________ in Chinese.A 戏弄某⼈B ⿎起勇⽓C ⼩⼼翼翼D 取代某⼈10. “Advance to the net” means__________ in Chinese.A ⽹络的发展B ⽹络设置C 先进⽹络D 上⽹11. “Handwriting on the wall” means__________ in Chinese.A ⼤字报B 不解之谜C 不祥之兆D 不诤事实12. “Confidence man “refers to____.A 欺诈⾏骗的⼈B 可以信赖的⼈C 拥有势⼒的⼈D ⽆所事事的⼈13. “You can say that again.” means___.A 请重复⼀次B 不要在这说14.What do the "Pinchbeck" mean?A.被社会摒弃的⼈B.删改（尤指删去书中的不当之处）C.冒牌货，便宜货D.吹⽜⼤王，虚夸的15.—What are you doing here?—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write___ ___passage in English?A. 600 words；a 600-wordsB. 600-word；a 600-wordsC. 600 words；a 600-wordD. 600 words；a 600-words16. You must come with us to the police ______.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache17. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________ smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced18. The_______ ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgmentC. judgeD. judgement19.The letter “b”in the word “doubt”is________.A. soundB. silentC. silenceD. sounded20. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.II．Matching (10*1)Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to:1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary2) content words and functional words3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.III. Write out the full spelling of the following abbreviations.(10*1)1.IOC2.IMF3. BRT4.J.F.K5.MI56.F.B.I7.VOA8.NATO9.UNESCO10.OPECIV . Give clippings for the following words(10*1)5.kilogram6.influenza7.business8.parachute9.refrigerator10.fraternityV. Please add negative prefixes to the following words and give us your Chinese translation(10*2)1. judge2. arm3. connect4. attack5. ability6. employment7. existence8. fortune9. color10. revolutionVI. Write out the meaning of the following roots and affixes. (10*1)1.claim,clam2.clar3.clud4.cogn5.cord6.corpor7.cred8.cruc9.cur10.curVII. Translate the following into Chinese. (15*1)1. Small leak will sink a great ship.2. Behind the mountains there are people to be found.5. five-finger6. White room7. barber’s cat8. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.9. I don't want to be the third wheel.10. He is dating another girl on the side.11. I'm all over you.12. That's the long distance relationship.13. Judas kiss14.Strike, while the iron is hot.15.The best of the bunchVIII. Answer the following question (5 *1)How many ways of word-formation can you name?。

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江汉艺术职业学院《英语词汇学》期末试卷管理学院英语教育专业用卷时长100分钟I . Fill the gaps with the given words or expressions. (10X1) bound form morphemeroot affixinflectional affix prefixcompounding derivationfree form suffix__________1. A minimum unit of meaning__________2. A morpheme to which affixes can be added__________3. A linguistic form that can occur as an independent word __________4. A morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme__________5. A bound morpheme attached to a root__________6. An affix attached to the beginning of a root__________7. An affix attached to the end of a root__________8. An affix (in English, usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning__________9. The process by which noninflectional affixes are added to roots to form words__________10. The process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independentlyII. Fill in the blanks in part A , B , C and D.(10X2+5x2+5X1+5X1)A. Fill in the blanks with the given hints.11. a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors, musicians, etc., can rest when not performing（green）：____________12. a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto, especially near stairs (hand):___________13. a flesh of sunlight, especially through a break in clouds: (sun):___________14. the condition of having sore skin after experiencing effects of strong sunlight (sun): ___________15. a short book giving all the most important information abouta subject (hand):__________16. a large fixed basin foe water for washing one’s hands and face (wash):___________17. a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping when camping (sleeping):____________18. the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins (sun):________19. a division into smaller parts (break)：_______________20. a sudden appearance or beginning of something bad(out):___________B. Explain the following words and translate into Chinese.. UN United Nations 联合国21. IOC __________________; _____________________22. NATO ___________________; _____________________23. smog _________________;_______________________24. brunch _________________;_______________________25. V-DAY _________________;_______________________C. Write the opposites of these words.26. maximum: ______________27. accept: ______________28. mature. ______________29. existence: ______________30. happiness: ______________D. Choose the proper word into the sentences.________ (bridal, bridle) gown was trimmed with lace.32. A _________ (pedal, peddle) of the bicycle fell off.33. The wreckers began to ________ (raise, raze) the building.34. Edgar cannot sail until he has a full _______ (complement, compliment) of men for his crew, and he is still lacking a deck hand.35. Although we watched carefully, the guard remained ________ (stationary, stationery) for one hour.III. Choose the best answer from the choices. This part consists of A, B , C, D and E. (5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1)A. Study the following words and identify the types of morphemes underlined.( )36. windy A. suffix( )37. predict B. prefix( )38. works C. free morpheme( )39. maltreat D. inflectional affix( )40. beautiful E. bound rootB. Find out the synonyms of these words.41. overcome A. acknowledge42. sentiment B. weary43. confess C. reply44. exhausted D. emotion45. respond E. conquerC. Choose the answer from A and B.A== metaphor B== metonymy46. the finger of a clock ( )47. to one’s face ( )48. the shoulder of a vase ( )49. to write a good hand ( )50. the neck of violin ( )D. Choose the best translation.51. like a fish out of water A. 文绉绉52. like a cat on hot bricks B 满脸绯红53. blush like a rose C. 如鱼离水54. like a rat in a hole D. 如坐针垫55. speak like a book E. 瓮中之鳖the proper answer from the four choices.following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.B. prewarC. postwarD. bloodyword “motel” is created by ______.A. compoundingB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation58.“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.A. initialismB. clipping C back-formation D. prefixation______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological60. The sense relation between the two words rose and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy IV. True or false. Write T or F next to the sentences. (5X1’) ( )61. Words that are opposite in meaning are often called antonyms.( )62. Foreign words provide a most important source of English synonyms.( ) 63. The word ‘fuel’ is a verb formed by derivation.( )64. Words have no meaning, people have meaning for them. ( )65. Absolute synonyms are very common.V. Write down the Chinese meanings of these English phrases. (10X2)66. home letters_________ homemaker ____________67. home voyage________ home sickness __________68. home affairs ___________ home help___________69. poverty-stricken _________ summer-flowering _________70. peace-loving __________ hot-tempered __________江汉艺术职业学院《英语词汇学》期末试卷答题卡II. Fill in the blanks in part A. B. C and D.(10X2+5x2+5X1+5X1)A. Fill in the blanks with the given hints.11. ___________18. ____________15____________B. Explain the following words and translate into Chinese.21. __________________; __________________22.__________________; __________________23.__________________; __________________24. __________________; __________________25.__________________; __________________C. Write the opposites of these words.D. Choose the proper word into the sentences.III. Choose the best answer from the choices. This part consists of A, B , C D and E. (5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1+5X1)36-40. _____________________41-45. _____________________46-50. _____________________51-55. _____________________IV. True or false. Write T or F next to the sentences. (5X1)61-65. __________________________V. Write down the Chinese meanings of these English phrases. (10X2)_______________________________________________________________。

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