英语复习资料选修6

Moudle 1 Small T alk一、重点单词与短语1．avoid vt. 避免课文原句：Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognise?你是否做过这样的事情：看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话?avoid是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing。

e.g.You should avoid such a person.你应该避免和这样的人打交道。

The driver braked his car suddenly to avoid a terrible accident.驾驶员紧急刹车，避免了一起可怕的事故。

`Why did you try to avoid replying?你为什么避免回答？Children should avoid eating unhealthy food.小孩应该避免吃不卫生的食品。

2．lack 缺乏课文原句：Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know? 你是否想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心?（1）v.缺乏，没有（not have; to be without）e.g.We lacked food.（vt. lack sth ）我们缺少食物。

He completely lacks conscience.（vt. lack sth.）他完全没有良心。

Their courage is lacking. （vi. be lacking 欠缺，缺）他们欠缺勇气。

He is not lacking in intelligence.[be lacking in 缺乏（某种品质、特点等）] 他不缺乏智慧。

（2）n. 无需要（absence），常与of连用。

e.g.The plants died through /for lack of water.植物因缺水而枯死了。

That was another example of their lack of experience.这又是一个他们缺乏经验的例子。

3．damage 损害，损坏课文原句：That way, you don’t damage your confidence!那样你的自信心就不会受到伤害！damage可用做动词和名词，此处damage用作动词。

（1）vt. 损害，损坏；使受损失e.g.The earthquake damaged several buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。

（2）n. 损坏，损害[U]damage用作名词意指损伤或降低物的价值，一般是指部分性的损坏。

e.g.The accident did very little damage to either car.事故给两辆车造成的损害很小。

An early frost damaged the crops.早霜损害了庄稼。

How much must I pay for the damage?我要为这损坏赔多少钱？注意：damage的复数形式意为―赔偿费/金‖。

e.g.The court awarded ￡500 in damages to the injured.法庭判给受伤者500英镑的赔偿费。

辨析：damage, destroy与ruindamage, destroy与ruin都含―破坏、毁坏‖的意思。

（1）damage 指―价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复‖。

e.g.The heavy rain damaged many houses. 大雨毁坏了许多房子。

（2）destroy指―彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复‖。

e.g.That town was destroyed in a big fire. 那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。

（3）ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的―弄坏了‖。

e.g.He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。

4．impress v. 铭刻，使感动，给……极深的印象课文原句：Always remember－you won’t impress people if you talk too much. 要永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。

impress 常见搭配：（1）impress sb. with sth.e.g.This country impressed me with the high speed of development.这个国家给我留下了高速度发展的深刻印象。

（2）impress on sb. sth.e.g.My father impressed on me the value of hard work.我父亲使我铭记勤勉的重要。

（3）What impressed me most is… 给我印象最深的是……e.g.What impressed me most is his honesty.给我印象最深的是他的诚实。

（4）make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象e.g.His honesty made a deep impression on me.他的诚实给我留下了深刻的印象。

（5）the impression of 对……的印象e.g.What’s your impression of Shanghai?你对上海有何观感？（6）have the impression that（同位语从句）意为―有……的印象‖e.g.I have the impression that he doesn’t smoke.我好像记得他不抽烟。

词性变化：impression n.5．prepare v.课文原句：（1）Small talk is very important and prepare you for more serious conversations.聊天是很重要的，并能帮助你作为一些严肃的谈话作准备。

（2）Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready!有备无患！准备好几句不太会出错的开场白。

prepare是个常用动词，也是一个多义词。

它既可以作及物动词用，也可作不及物动词用。

现将它的主要用法归纳如下：（1）prepare 作―准备；预备；筹备；制作；配制‖解时，可用于以下场合：①prepare + n./pron. 准备……；配药e.g.He has prepared his lessons.他已备好课了。

After arriving home, she began to make a fire and prepare supper.到家以后，她开始生炉子，准备晚饭。

The chemist is preparing a medicine.药剂师正在配药。

Corn is a very useful plant which can be prepared in many different ways.玉米是一种非常有用的作物，可用许多不同的方法将其制作成食品。

②prepare sb. sth. /prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备……e.g.Mother is preparing us a meal. = Mother is preparing a meal for us.母亲正在为我们做饭。

The secretary has prepared the president a long report.= The secretary has prepared a long report for the president.秘书已为董事长准备好了一份长篇报告稿。

③prepare + to do sth.准备做……e.g.They are busy preparing to go on vacation.他们正忙着准备去度假。

After the discussion they prepared to write an article to air their views.经过讨论，他们准备写一篇文章来提出自己的看法。

④prepare + for(或against)为……做准备e.g.The students are busy preparing for the mid-term examination.学生们正忙于为期中考试作准备。

The peasants are preparing against the drought.农民们正在为抗干旱作准备。

注意：prepare against 用于为灾害、意外不幸或不愉快事件作准备。

（2）prepare 作―使（人）作好准备；叫（人）作准备‖解时，可用于下述场合：①prepare + sb. + for sth.e.g.He was preparing himself for the marathon race then.他当时正在为参加马拉松比赛而作准备。

The teacher prepared his students for the college entrance examination.老师指导他的学生为大学入学考试作准备。

②prepare + sb. + to do sth.e.g.He prepared himself to take out a license for a driver.他为取得汽车驾驶执照作了准备。

The nurse is preparing the child to go to hospital.保姆在为孩子住院作准备。

（3）过去分词prepared 用于系表结构，意思为―为……做好准备；打算‖，常用于以下句式：①be prepared + for(against )e.g.They were prepared for the worst.他们已准备好应付最坏的情况。

I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this.我知道有些问题，但却未防范这一点！②be prepared + to do sth.e.g.They were prepared to go to work in the countryside.他们准备到农村去工作。