Toyota Recall

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toyota案例分析

Reference:CASE--- Toyota vehicle recallsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThree separate but related recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010. Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration. The first recall, on November 2, 2009, was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat into the foot pedal well, which can cause pedal entrapment. The second recall, on January 21, 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mat incursion. This latter defect was identified as a possible mechanical sticking of the accelerator pedal causing unintended acceleration, referred to as Sticking Accelerator Pedal by Toyota. The original action was initiated by Toyota in their Defect Information Report, dated October 5, 2009, amended January 27, 2010. Following the floor mat and accelerator pedal recalls, Toyota also issued a separate recall for hybrid anti-lock brake software in February 2010.PERSONAL VIEW:Reasons of Toyota vehicle recalls:1. The technique is incomplete.REFERENCE: Toyota Recall: Four Different Causes. So which is it?By E. Sizemore / February 3, 2010Toward the end of last summer (September 30, 2009) we reported that Toyota was recalling 3.8 million cars and trucks made between 2005 and 2010. At the time, the company claimed this was merely a problem with “accessory all-weat her floor mats”sold in some models. In other words, it had nothing to do with the vehicle itself. Theremedy was simply to remove the driver-side floor mat.Shortly after, in late November, we reported on another Toyota announcement that they would “fix” the problem by installing shorter accelerators in the recalled Toyota and Lexus vehicles. So it wasn’t a poorly designed floor mat, but a gas pedal that was toolong?Skip forward to January of 2010 and things begin to heat up for Toyota. They announced a recall on millions of vehicles made between 2005 and 2010 because of a mechanical problem with the accelerator.And just today (February 2nd, 2010) CNN is reporting that federal investigators are looking into whether the sticking accelerators are a result of a mechanical problem or if the issue has to do with the electrical system – in which case, the recent fix announced by Toyota would not actually be addressing the problemWe have an open question for Toyota: Is it the all-weather floor mat accessory, the gas pedal length, mechanical friction in the accelerator assembly, or an electrical problem? Orare they separate issues?But in my opinion, the technical matter is just superficial.2. Rapid expansion and cost reduction uncoordinated.a) Rapid expansionb) Toyota’s production rapidly increased. Compared with 1995,Toyota's overseasproduction increased by 500,000 in the 2000.In 2005,Toyota overseas productionincreased from 1.75 million to 3.57 million and the increase amounted to1.82 million. Incontrast the number of national production in Japan is little changed.c) The cost reduction plan.In 2000 when Toyota expanded production in North America, Europe and Asia,procurement became more important. To eliminated up lication of procurement, Toyotabegan the implementation of a cost-cutting plan named CCC21 of large-scalecompression costs (in terms of design, production, procurement and fixed costs), thegoal is to make 180 parts price reduced by 30%.d) The result of combination of rapid expansion and cost reduction plan is that thequality of Toyota cars were lower than standard, resulting the recall event. Inorder to save costs, the production line is used around the world .In these waynew models were unable to fully match with installation kit, leading to the adventof security risks.3. Toyota excellent quality culture is missing.Toyota's quality culture was famous for its "good faith".In the past years, Toyota was devoted to link the interests of the customers with companies. Every internal quality improvement was aimed to benefit both the enterprise and global customers. The quality inspection during production process was extremely careful and was controlled in every process, focusing on building the sense of quality of each employee and finding the quality problems timely.In order to reduce costs, Toyota expanded production without enough road test ina variety of environments, resulting the problems that the mats or accelerator pedalwere not thoughtful in the design process. Extensive use of generic parts in modelsinstead ofparts designed to fit their own parts made the vehicle full of hidden dangers, leading to massive recall on a global scale.Japan's Toyota Motor Corporation lean production is recognized as a model in industry. The characteristics of lean production are to eliminate all waste, pursueexcellence and make continuous improvement. However, in the process of rapid global expansion, Toyota only focused on reducing the cost and completely forgot that leanproduction was based on the pursuit of excellence and continuous improvement for the purpose. Cost savings is not a means of profit-maximizing blind. Provided that theproduct is unable meet quality standards, cost control makes no sense.REVELATION of Toyota vehicle recalls1. Grasp the balance of expansion and cost control.The managers should make a proper strategy instead of just depending on low-cost strategy. We can already guess that low-cost strategy will lead to destruction forit lower the quality of pro duction, which is unable to meet customers’ satisfaction.What’s worse, it may cause tragedies like Toyota. So In the expansion process weshould always put quality and safety in the first place .In the process ofexpansion ,our enterprises are supposed to focus on how to seek new technologies and new methods of production to achieve a sustained decline in the cost. Weshould not let cost control affects the rate of expansion overseas. Meanwhile we should not increase costs or reduce costs blindly because of the fast rate ofexpansion. Nowadays many manufacturing industries are in blind expansion. But after expansion, the management is relatively weak; hence the R & D do notincrease. If the R & D can’t keep up, the new product is very prone to qualityproblems, leading a threat of security when using the products.2. Improve the management skills and sense of responsibility of high-levelstaffAs technology develops persistently, some physical work is bound to be replaced by more and more machinery and equipment. So senior management will be the decisive driving force for the innovation of technology. Improving themanagement capacity of senior staff, as well as execution is rather a challenge in the contemporary era, especially in a global enterprise. Good ability of themanagement and high sense of responsibility can make difference. Take Toyota for example. If senior managers have supervised the company well and employees were fully aware of the quality, then the recall scale will have not been so large,personally I think.3. Adhere to the excellent enterprise cultureIn the process of development over the years, under the guidance of the idea that “to provide customers with better products”，Toyota created a lean production and “Zero defect “management style. Reliable quality has been an invaluable asset of Toyota. However, when the concept of the founder of Toyota was misread to require Toyota to become the world's largest car manufacturers with high-profit business goals, the rapid global expansion led to frequent recall incidents. So it’s easy for us to draw the conclusion that excellent corporate culture helps companies successful.One of the important reasons to explain the existence of many centuries enterprise is that the corporate culture has been placed to the enterprise internally. Despite their business strategy and operations which is constantly adjusted to adapt to changes in the outside world, corporate has always maintained stably. These intangible assets has become an integral part of the enterprise and help to cultivate employee loyalty and the teamwork. In difficult times, the corporate culture may become the spiritual pillar of the staff and help companies ride out the storm.。

3.D+PFMEA培训教材

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一、什么是FMEA
1．确定产品设计与制程必须做哪些事情才能使顾客满意的补充，防止风险的发生。 2．关注设计，无论是产品设计或者是过程设计;
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NASA 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局运用FEMA 来识别阿波罗计划中的单点失效。他们找到了多少？
420
但是我们认为我们没有任何问题！
FMEA是什么？ What is a FMEA?
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第三章
FMEA 的实施
3.1FMEA的分类:kinds of FMEA
• System FMEA is used to analyze systems and subsystems in the early concept anddesign stages. • 系统FMEA是在早期概念和设计阶段用于分析系统与其子系统的
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2.7、FMEA-方法论—识别潜在要因
失效的潜在要因应按失效为何发生的迹象来确定,按照可纠正或可控制的情形来描述。失效的潜在要因可能是设计弱点的一种迹象，其后果是失效模式。在要因和失效模式之间有一种直接关联（也即是：要因发生，那么失效模式发生）。用充分的细节识别失效模式的根本要因，能识别适当的控制和措施计划得到验证。如果有多种要因，每一个要因都应进行单独分析。
丰田召回事件 Toyota recall
• 事件回放 – “踏板门”, 召回问题汽车近445万辆。 – “脚垫门”，召回的420万辆车 – 召回的问题车辆迄今已经超过700万辆接近2008丰田的全球销量。 • 丰田损失尚难估计 – 召回费用 – 销量下降 – 信誉降级 – 司法诉讼 – 经济损失或超50亿美元
一、什么是FMEA
“ 早知道… …就不会” • • • • 早知道早知道早知道早知道作好防震设计就不会造成大楼倒塌改进电力输配设计就不会造成美国等国的大停电不滥砍滥伐就不会造成泥石流作好桥梁设计就不会造成重庆彩虹大桥倒塌

论缺陷汽车产品召回制度

绵阳职业技术学院汽车安全法规课程论文（2013——2014第二学期）论文题目：缺陷汽车产品召回制度存在的立法缺失及原因——由丰田汽车召回事件引发的思考课程名称：汽车法规任课老师：解书凯系别：信息工程系班级：电信121班学号：201201252姓名：曾艳摘要我国汽车保有量逐年大幅增长的同时,随之而来的汽车安全问题日益得到社会的关注。

缺陷汽车产品关系着公共的安全和消费者的人身财产利益, 国际通行做法便是建立缺陷汽车产品召回制度,以制度约束企业行为监督汽车生产企业注重产品质量。

自2000年“三菱事件”之后,以2004年3月由国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家发展和改革委员会、商务部、海关总署审议通过,于3月15日正式颁布并于2004年10月1日起首先从M1类车辆正式实施的《缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》为标志,我国在缺陷产品召回立法上走出了重要的一步。

近年来我国市场经济发展迅速,《缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》已经日益不能满足保护汽车消费者权益的需求,丰田事件的发生更证明了我国有必要全面地健全缺陷汽车产品召回法律制度。

《缺陷产品召回管理条例(草案)))以及《汽车产品召回监督管理条例》(征求意见稿)的先后公布,正体现出我国对这一领域立法的重视,正积极探索和推进缺陷汽车产品制度。

我国国务院副总理吴仪在2006年全国质检工作会议的讲话中明确提出: “加大缺陷产品召回力度,逐步扩大对食品等缺陷产品的召回范围。

”这为我国开展缺陷产品管理提供了工作思路和行动方向。

本文着力于对我国缺陷汽车产品召回制度法律上的立法缺失及原因进行探析,主要通过分析丰田事件中外有别的根源,进一步找到我国缺陷汽车产品召回制度在实际操作中的障碍和困难,在借鉴国外缺陷汽车产品召回制度成功做法和经验的同时结合我们的现状,探讨了如何完善我国缺陷汽车产品召回制度的一些措施和方法。

本文共分为四个部分,第一部分是简要介绍缺陷汽车产品召回制度涉及待的根源所在。

相同的车型,相同的汽车生产厂商,相同的安全缺陷问题,相的消费者,却在不同的国度里受到区别对待。

丰田召回事件分析(英文版)

Toyota to recall vehiclesGood afternoon, everyone. I am very glad to stand here and share our group’s topic with all of you. Today our topic is Toyota to recall vehicles. Now let’s start.As we all know, Toyota is one of most famous auto-brand and had optimum quality. But since 2009, its continuous recall issues had a big effect on its reputation. Three recalls of automobiles by Toyota Motor Corporation occurred at the end of 2009 and start of 2010.(ppt2&p3)The first extensive recall, on December 25, 2009，was to correct a possible incursion of an incorrect or out-of-place front driver's side floor mat（脚垫）into the foot pedal(踏板). The second large-scale recall, on January 21, 2010, was caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open.(ppt5&6)On January 28, 2010, Toyota had announced recalls of approximately 5.2 million vehicles for the pedal entrapment/floor mat problem, and an additional 2.3 million vehicles for the accelerator pedal problem. Approximately 1.7 million vehicles are subject to both. Its Lexus and Pontiac models were also affected. By then, the worldwide total number of cars recalled by Toyota was amount to more than 8 million vehicles.(ppt9)On January 2010, 21 deaths had been alleged due to the pedal problem since 2000, and the number of alleged victims and reportedproblems sharply increased following the recall announcements. Different parties attributed unintended acceleration to mechanical, electric, and driver error. But Some of US owners still reported the reason of repairing the recalled vehicles was accelerator pedal, leading to investigations of NHTSA.On February 8, 2011, the NHTSA, in collaboration with NASA, released its investigation on the Toyota drive-by-wire throttle system. After a 10-month search, NASA and NHTSA scientists found no electronic defect in Toyota vehicles. But Driver error or pedal misapplication was related to the incidents.We can learn many things from Toyota’s recall issues.(ppt11)First one is keep balance between expansion and cost control. Toyota had ever achieved significant success, but at the same time, Toyota took measures to control its cost. To save cost, the new car did not have match parts. And it directly leads many security risks. So Chinese automobile industry should learn to make right comment on self development potentiality. And obviously, strategy of low cost is not a good development way for our automobile industry. What we need to do is Industrial restructuring and finds a suitable way to develop.Second one is Improve electronic safety of domestic car. The Toyota “recalls" incident was mainly due to problems caused by the pedal. To address this problem, Toyota announced “before the end of 2010 brakeoverride system (BOS)刹车优先系统will become the standard for all Toyota cars made in China.” And then t he U.S. General said, also install BOS systems on all new cars, but there is no domestic car companies have any action.Third one is consummate Recall system. Toyota recalled cars was amount to 9 million, is one of the largest ever defect product recall car. In 2004, china started to use recall system in a small range of vehicle types, it was general expanded to all motor vehicles until 2009. Marketing people found that recall is not fundamental to destroy brand strength, everything is not perfect. Has courage to make up for self mistakes, dare to responsible behavior, the company will eventually win highly support.Fourth one is crisis management. Since the 1970 s, Japanese auto enjoyed a reputation in the world with high technology content and high quality. But its reputation was lower than before, especially when the Prius had brake problem. And at the beginning of the crisis of Toyota, they did not pay enough attention on their mistakes. Because Toyota dealt with in this crisis improperly, it lead to the escalation of the crisis itself and transformation: from the quality of the products to the brand crisis, from Toyota’s crisis to Japan’s automobile industry and even crisis of the whole Japanese manufacturing credibility.So when the product has problems, our industry should deal with it timely and put forward solutions, restore reputation.。

CNN新闻50篇

CNN新闻50篇CNN News Item1政治：美国因安全问题关闭在也门的大使馆The ernment closes its embassy in the Middle Eastern country of Yemen,and that is because of security concerns.One official says that a group called al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula might be planning an attack against the facility.That same group said it was behind an attempted plot to set off an explosive onboard a plane heading to Detroit,Michigan.That took place on Christmas day.The suspect allegedly brought the explosives on the plane in his underwear.The plan failed when the device he tried to use didn’t detonate correctly.Some people have asked how the suspect made it past security.One U.S.official says it’s because of human error.President Obama has promised that everyone involved in the attack will be held accountable for it.But some critics argue that the president’s response to the situation hasn’t been fast enough,hasn’t been aggressive enough.CNN News Item2政治：印度石油工人结束三天的罢工It’s back to work for Indian government oil workers after a three-day strike that crippled Indian commerce.Some45,000oil workers walked off the job after the government refused their demands for higher pay.The labor standoff ended after days of intense government pressure,including threats of job loss and even arrest to strikers.Meantime,talks with a second group of nationwide strikers may soon be underway.The Indo-Asian News-Service says India’s transport minister is ready to discuss demands from truckers.Many across India have parked their rigs,calling for reduction in diesel and tyre prices.CNN News Item3政治：备受争议的安全港法案修正案获得通过Lawmakers in Nebraska have approved a big change to the state’s controversial safe haven law.Under the new measure,children older than30days can not be dropped off at state hospitals.35children,many of them,preteens or even teenagers,have been abandoned in hospitals since the original law took effect in July. State lawmakers say it was intended to prevent newborns from being dumped in trash bins or even worse. The new law is expected to go into effect at midnight.CNN News Item4政治：欧美担心伊朗建国会发生暴乱The nation of Iran marking a milestone later on this week.On Thursday,the country will celebrate the anniversary of when it became an Islamic republic.This goes back to1979,when supporters of the Ayatollah Khomeini,a religious leader,overthrew the country’s government.Khomeini became the supreme leader of Iran,and the nation officially became an Islamic state.The United States and the European Union are worried about potential violence during Thursday’s celebrations.U.S.and European Union are urging the Middle Eastern nation to“end its abuses against its own people.”Iranian leaders have denied any accusations that the government has abused citizens.CNN News Item5政治：伊拉克全国选举投票结束Iraqis put democracy into action today in elections held across the country.The polls have closed and a vote-counting has begun.V oters went to6,000polling stations to pick from among14,000candidates including4,000women.Security is very tight though,voters were searched before they entered the polls.The borders with Iran and Syria were sealed and a curfew has been put into place.Now even the United Nations was involved in monitoring those elections.CNN News Item6政治：伊朗前总统将参加六月份总统竞选Iranian media reports former President Mohammad Khatami has announced he will run in the June presidential elections.Today’s announcement ends weeks of speculation.Khatami is considered a reformist and overwhelmingly won the presidency in1997but he couldn’t bring about religious and democratic freedoms because of strong opposition from the country’s religious establishment.Khatami was succeeded by current President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad four years ago.CNN News Item7政治：奥巴马行程Meanwhile U.S.President Barack Obama is taking crisis talks to an international level.British Prime Minister Gordon Brown is traveling to the United States on Monday to push for global solutions to the economic crisis.He will be the first E.U.leader to meet the new president in Washington and Mr.Obama will meet the remaining E.U.leaders at a special summit in Prague in April.That will be his first trip to Europe since taking office.Also on that trip,the G20summit on the economic crisis and a NATO meeting.CNN News Item8政治：英国航空公司机舱服务员罢工计划Strike is off,the judge says plans for a walkout by a British Airway’s Cabin Crew cannot happen.As we reported yesterday,this strike which would have last through the holidays could have effected a million passengers’holiday travel plans.But the judge has blocked it from happening.Now the airline says it hopes the Cabin Crews Labor Union would take some time to think about its next steps.The union representatives say this dispute is not over and unless the two sides can come to a solution,they could vote to strike again, but after Christmas.CNN News Item9政治：泰国内乱Heading overseas to Thailand where grenade attacks in the capital city of Bangkok have killed at least three people.A Thai official said the grenades came from an area where people who were protesting the government were gathered together.The protesters say they are not responsible.They have been fighting with police for a while here you can see them throwing rocks and other things at police.They support the country’s former prime minister and they want the current leader to leave office.After these recent attacks, Thailand’s prime minister called an emergency meeting to figure out how to deal with the situation.CNN News Item10政治：十字架纪念碑争议获最高法院裁定U.S.Supreme Court says that a memorial out in the Mojave Desert does not violate the U.S. Constitution.The memorial is a large cross.It was put up in1934to honor fallen soldiers.But it’s located in a national park,and some people argue that it’s a religious symbol that goes against the concept of separation of church and state.The cross was boarded up because of the legal battle.Yesterday’s Supreme Court decision was close:5to4.Writing for the majority,Justice Anthony Kennedy said that this cross represents “far more than religion.”But in opposition,Justice John Paul Stevens argued the government can’t lawfully endorse a religious symbol as a way to pay tribute to veterans.CNN News Item11政治：三名美国人质关押五年后获自由Freed at last after five years in captivity,three Americans held hostage by leftist rebels in Colombia are back on U.S.soil and will be reunited with their families.Marc Gonsalves,Thomas Howes and Keith Stansell were among those rescued during an incredible operation yesterday.Columbian secret agents tricked leftist rebels into handing them over without a single shot being fired.The men are now undergoing tests at an army medical center in San Antonio,Texas.CNN News Item12政治：奥巴马总统的医疗改革案阻力重重Health care reform enters a new era in about two hours.President Obama is scheduled to sign that bill into law.Then,he is going to travel around the country to sell the plan to skeptics.But Republicans say that battle is on to get ready for legal challenges,nearly a dozen states plan to argue that it’s not constitutional.As early as tomorrow,the debate moves to the Senate where lawmakers will consider a companion measure,and Republicans plan,parliamentary objections that could change that bill and force it back to the House.Now, even before the first votes were cast in the health care debate,Barack Obama’s overall approval rating dropped to his lowest level ever recorded.CNN News Item13政治：美国参议员和众议员本月会面商讨医改终案Members of the U.S.Senate and House of Representatives will be meeting this month to put together a final health care reform bill.The Senate passed its version on Christmas Eve.The House had already passed its bill.But there are some pretty big differences between the two.One of them:cost.The Senate bill checks in at$871billion.The House version:Over$1trillion.Another issue:the so-called public option,a government-run health insurance program.House bill includes it;Senate bill doesn’t.So,some compromises need to be made to come up with a final bill.And since that then has to be approved by both Houses of Congress,there are some concerns about whether it will pass.CNN News Item14政治：津巴布韦总统遭遇国际压力Another day of international pressure levied against Zimbabwe’s embattled President Robert Mugabe. British officials have announced they are stripping Robert Mugabe’s honorary knighthood title.Nobel Prize winner Desmond Tutu is also speaking out about the election mess there.He’s urging the nations of the world to intervene.The calls come after opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai withdrew from the election, citing violence against his party.The Zimbabwean Electoral Commission ruled today that the presidential election will go on as planned.CNN News Item15政治：茶党出炉支持和反对的候选人名单The Tea Party movement is getting ready for the mid-term elections coming up in November.The group has released a list of heroes and targets.The heroes on the list are candidates that the Tea Party plans to support in the elections.The targets are anyone that the group would like to see voted out of office.Of course lists are not the only way that the Tea Party gets its message out.Rallies are the group’s bread and butter.This one in Washington DC yesterday was a wrapping up of a three-week tour across the U.S.The timing?No coincidence.Yesterday,of course,was tax day.And the group is opposed to what it sees as the government overspending.CNN News Item16政治：奥巴马欲与伊朗冰释前嫌Today marks the30th anniversary of the Iranian hostage crisis.And President Obama said that he wants to move beyond the past and build a relationship with Iran based on mutual interest and mutual respect. U.S.-Iran relations had been hostile since the day that Islamic students stormed the U.S.embassy in Tehran and held52Americans hostage for more than400days.Iran’s government holds rally every year to celebrate that event.Today there’s something different though,anti-government protesters are also on the streets.We are also getting some reports of clashes with those police.No word about any injury yet.CNN News Item17政治：参议员考虑医疗保健立法的部分替代方案Senators are considering alternatives to part of their healthcare legislation,specifically,the so-called public option,government-run health insurance program.Senate republicans and some democrats and independents are against that plan.A group of Democratic Senators was working to come up with some other ideas they could replace the public option.And late last night,they said they had reached an agreement.If the Senate passes its healthcare bill,that does not make it law,would still need to be combined with Health bill and then that final version would need to pass both the House and the Senate.CNN News Item18经济：施瓦辛格呼吁立法者关注加州财政赤字Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger says he refuses to borrow money to keep his state running,he wants legislators to focus on the state's24billion dollar deficit or the state could be forced to cut thousands of jobs, eliminate health care for a million low income children.Meanwhile lawmakers are debating hundreds of other bills including creating a state blueberry commission.Banning toy cigarette lighters and mandating a larger font size for medical worker name tags.CNN News Item19经济：丰田汽车公司感谢美交通部长对召回事件的澄清Ray LaHood,the head of the U.S.Transportation Department,is weighing in on Toyota’s recall of millions of vehicles due to a faulty gas pedal.But what Hood is saying might be causing some confusion.During a hearing on Capitol Hill yesterday,Secretary LaHood said that anyone who owns one of the cars affected by the recall should“stop driving it and take it to a dealer.”That scared and frustrated a lot of owners,and later in the day,LaHood corrected himself.Toyota released a statement thanking Secretary LaHood for clarifying his remarks.They also said,“We want to make sure that our customers understand that this situation is rare and generally does not occur suddenly.If you experience any issues with your accelerator pedal,please contact your dealer without delay.If you are not experiencing any issues with your pedal,we are confident that your vehicle is safe to drive.”CNN News Item20经济：油门事件让丰田汽车公司蒙受损失Toyota says that a glitch in the electronic brakes could cause a delay when you step on the pedal.They say it only affects2010models sold last year.And it’s those very same cars that are being credited with Toyota’s cash cow.New numbers just out say they made$1.7billion last quarter,but it won’t last for long. For the first time,Toyota is admitting it’s going to take a huge beating due to this gas pedal nightmare.$2 billion for repairs and lost sales.CNN News Item21经济：美国国际集团发放高管奖金AIG is trying to prevent a new wave of backlash over paying out bonuses to its top executives.The Washington Post reports the company has asked the Obama Administration to approve millions of dollars in promised bonuses.The payments are scheduled to go out next week.AIG doesn’t actually need approval. Because the payments were linked to contracts from last year before received aid from the federal bailout funds.But the Post reports executives still are reluctant to pay without official approval.An earlier round of 2008AIG employee bonuses drew widespread criticism earlier this year.CNN News Item22经济：医疗保险改革方案之争The raw politics of health is heating up in the Senate.Just before air last night,Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid announced a group of10liberal and conservative Democrats had reached a deal to replace the hotly debated public option with a package of alternatives.Senator Reid offered few details.But today, President Obama praised the emerging compromise.Now,the public plan deal came just hours after the Senate killed a controversial amendment to restrict abortion coverage in its health care bill to ensure that no federal funds go toward covering any kind of abortion in this new reform.Nebraska Senator Ben Nelson had introduced that amendment.He called it a deal-breaker.He’s also one of the10senators to hammer out the deal to drop the public plan.CNN News Item23经济：欧洲一些国家经济前景堪忧Over in Europe,the financial outlook for a few countries isn’t looking too good.The investment ratings for Spain,Portugal and Greece all went down this week.Greece might be the worst situation.Experts are using the word“junk”to describe that nation’s investment rating.Basically,they’re saying that it’s very risky to put your money there.Greece has a massive debt,nearly$400billion.That’s bigger than the country’s economy.Greece is developing ways to cut spending,but Greek workers aren’t too happy about some of those plans,and they’ve been protesting about it.Greece is also asking for financial help from the European Union:a bailout of more than$50billion.CNN News Item24经济：新加坡经济前景黯淡Well moving around to the East of Asia now,Southeast of Asia,a gloomy forecast out of Singapore. The government says its economy will likely shrink by between6and9%this year.The announcement comes as the city-state’s first quarter GDP fell almost12%from the,from a year ago.In seasonally adjusted terms it was even more brutal than that actually.Singapore is reducing its output for the third time this year, as demand for its exports continues to fall amidst a worsening financial crisis.It previously predicted just a 5%contraction for the full year.CNN News Item25经济：九大金融机构将收到政府的资金援助The Treasury says the country’s largest banks will start receiving125-billion dollars this week. Beginning the biggest government bailout in history,the money is being sent to9major financial institutions including Bank of America,Citigroup and JP Morgan chase.The government is also in talks with a group of more than a dozen regional banks about sharing part of an additional125-billion dollars.Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson says250of the700-billion-dollar bailout package will be spent by the end of the year.CNN News Item26经济：奥巴马就小企业贷款问题会见美国银行巨头In the United States,President Obama is scheduled to sit down today with the heads of some of the country’s biggest banks to talk about small businesses,ones that have500or fewer employees.Many of them are having a hard time getting loans from banks.But banks argue that the policies put in place because of this financial crisis have affected how they can offer the loans.CNN News Item27经济：高盛集团新表现Goldman Sachs surprised investors on Monday with an early release of its quarterly profits,which were way better than analysts had expected,twice as good,in terms of earnings per share.Now profits for the first 3months of the year came into a total of$1.81billion.Goldman also announced plans for a$5billion share sale to help back its,help pay back rather,its so called TARP loan from the ernment.$10billion under the troubled assets relief program.CNN News Item28经济：两党会面以解决7000亿美元救助法案的分歧Lawmakers say they’re close to a deal on the700-billion-dollar package to rescue the troubled financial system.A bipartisan group has been meeting today to hash out differences.Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer,chairman of the joint economic committee,says he hopes to reach a deal by this afternoon.Among the details being hammered out,how much the plan will cost?The most common amount being talked about is700-billion dollars;another key point in the negotiations is whether the government will actually become a shareholder in troubled companies.One part of the plan that seems certain to become a law will be a provision to limit executive pay and bonuses at companies that sell assets to the Treasury.CNN News Item29经济：奥巴马就增加就业和拯救经济发表演讲During a speech yesterday,President Obama offered some ideas on how to create new jobs and help out the country’s economy.Offering tax breaks to small businesses,expanding some of the government’s stimulus programs,and spending more money on infrastructure projects things like roads,bridges and water systems.The thing is,all of that costs money and that’s where the TARP comes in.That’s the Troubled Asset Relief Program,the financial industry bailout passed last year.The bailout ended up not costing as much as expected and President Obama thinks the extra could be used to help out in other ways.CNN News Item30经济：欧佩克石油产量再减OPEC is going ahead with another oil production cut.OPEC has agreed to cut production by2.2 million barrels a day.U.S.crude for January delivery dropped to just over42dollars a barrel after the announcement.Crude oil prices have dropped nearly70%since July.OPEC cut production in September and October,but those cuts didn’t have much impact on prices.CNN News Item31经济：美国克莱斯勒公司重组协议Chrysler and Italian automaker Fiat has signed off on a deal brokered by Uncle Sam to become what’s known as Chrysler Group.Fiat will initially take a20percent stake.It can’t take a majority stake until the new Chrysler pays back the15.5billion dollars it took from the Treasury Department.The UAW holds a55 percent stake,leaving an8percent stake for the U.S.,2percent for Canada.The Supreme Court cleared the way for the deal yesterday,after delaying the sale pending review of a case brought by Indiana state pensionfunds.CNN News Item32经济：通用汽车公司面临危机Major concerns now about the U.S.auto industry,these numbers are just out,and Toyota finally overtook GM as the world’s biggest automaker in terms of sales for all of last year.That’s a title GM has held for nearly eight decades.Even worse than that,a GM executive warns the company will run out of cash by March31st if it doesn’t get that second installment of government funds soon.GM is supposed to get the five-billion installment within a matter of days.CNN News Item33经济：对伯纳德·麦道夫的保释听证会今日取消Some new developments in the Wall Street investment fraud case,the bail hearing for Bernard Madoff has been canceled for today,meaning he will remain free for the time being.Meantime,the head of the Securities and Exchange Commission is criticizing his own agency for failing to spot the investment scheme by former NASDAQ Chairman Bernard Madoff.SEC Chairman Christopher Cox says there were many instances over a decade that should have been flagged.CNN News Item34经济：美国三大汽车公司CEO办理贷款事宜CEOs from Ford,Chrysler and General Motors are making their case for a25-billion-dollar emergency loan.They want Congress to tap into the700-billion-dollar Wall Street bailout approved last month.Many Republican critics point to financial mismanagement at the Big Three and argue the companies don’t deserve any help.Most Democrats disagree,saying the auto industry is too important to the overall economy to fail.CNN News Item35经济：中美财长会晤中国北京China is where U.S.Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner was yesterday.During a week-long trip to Asia that he is taking,Secretary Geithner stopped over in Beijing and meet with his Chinese counterpart. One issue they were expected to talk about was the value of the yuan;that’s China’s currency.Some U.S. officials claim that China is undervaluing the yuan;they’re accusing China of saying that the yuan is worth less than what it should be.China denies that.This matters because the yuan and the dollar are connected. And if the value of the yuan is down,it could encourage people to spend more on Chinese products than on American ones.CNN News Item36经济：7870亿美元的经济刺激法案之争将结束The battle over the787-billion-dollar stimulus bill officially ends after President’s Day.President Obama says he will sign the bill into law in Denver On Tuesday.He is calling the measure“a major milestone in the recovery of the U.S.economy.”Administration officials say the President wants to get away from the politics of Washington and sign the bill in an area hit hard by the recession.They say Denver is a place that will see the bill’s benefits in hiring workers.CNN News Item37军事：一名重要的恐怖分子丧命One of the FBI’s most wanted terrorists is dead.Imad Mougniyeh was killed in an explosion in Syria this morning.Mougniyeh was a top Hezbollah commander.He was blamed for several high-profile terrorist acts that left hundreds of Americans and Israelis dead,including the17-day hijacking of a TW A Flight in1985.He was also suspected of masterminding the attacks on the U.S.embassy and Marine barracks in Lebanon that killed more than260Americans in1983.CNN News Item38军事：伊朗进行为期三天的大规模军事演练Moving from Thailand to the Persian Gulf now,where Iran is running a massive military drill expected to last three days.An Iranian official says the goal is to show off the country’s military strength.It might look like a real battle what you are seeing here is just practice.U.S.Navy says Iran has done this sort of thing in the past.This one is getting more attention because Iran talked about it ahead of time.CNN News Item39军事：奥巴马外政顾问出来辟谣No commitment by President-elect Barack Obama on a missile defense program in Eastern Europe. That’s according to a senior Obama advisor.The statement comes after claims on the Polish president’s website—The two had a call on the matter and that Obama said he intended to continue the program. Obama’s senior foreign policy advisor denied that claim.He said Obama talked with the Polish president about continuing military and political cooperation and possibly meeting in person some time soon.CNN News Item40军事：胡德堡枪击受伤士兵获紫心勋章Congress considers a new bill that would make some soldiers eligible for the Purple Heart. Representative John Carter introduced the new legislation yesterday.The Fort Hood army post is located in his home district in Texas.This bill is focused on the victims of the recent shooting there.The Purple Heart first created in1782is given to any U.S.service member who is wounded and killed while serving in action against an enemy or in a terrorist attack.Representative Carter says the Fort Hood victims deserved the Purple Heart because he considers the shooting to be an enemy attack.CNN News Item41军事：美国宣布停止制造新核武器The ernment says it will stop making new,nuclear weapons,and it’s reconsidering what to do with the weapons that already exist.The announcement came yesterday,two days before President Obama is scheduled to sign a treaty with Russia that would reduce how many nuclear weapons both countries have.It also comes one week before he hosts a global meeting on nuclear security.More than40countries are expected to attend that.But back to yesterday’s announcement.This new policy would stop production of nuclear weapons.It would also invest about$5billion in extending the life of weapons that already exist. Seven countries are officially recognized as nuclear powers,meaning they have nuclear weapons.But there are other countries that are suspected of trying to make them.U.S.officials hope this change from America will encourage other countries—all countries—to help control the spread of nuclear weapons.U.S.has promised not to use its own nukes against anyone who does that.But as Defense Secretary Robert Gates pointed out,that doesn’t mean retaliation is out of the question in every situation.CNN News Item42军事：加沙遭遇四十年来最严重的人道主义危机Gaza is facing its worst humanitarian crisis in more than40years.A new report by aid agencies and humanitarian groups says things haven’t been this dismal since Israel’s1967occupation.It says the Israeli blockade has left more than one million Palestinians isolated,dealing with poverty,dealing with unemployment,with little access to education and healthcare services.It found water and sewage systemsare on the verge of collapse.Israel blames the hardships on Hamas militants who keep firing rockets into Israel.CNN News Item43军事：美俄签署核武器削减条约We are getting things started with START.It stands for Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.It’s an agreement between the United States and Russia for both countries to reduce the number of nuclear weapons they have.President Obama also says it’s part of the effort to“reset”the relationship between the two countries.Yesterday,he and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev got together in the Czech Republic to sign off on START.The agreement cuts the number of nuclear weapons that the U.S.and Russia have by about a third.The White House is scheduled to hold a meeting on nuclear security next week.It’s something that President Obama says affects the entire world.CNN News Item44军事：伊朗炫耀其军事防御能力Just how far will Iran push the international community this weekend?Well today,it reportedly tested two types of short-range missiles and a launching system.Iran’s military freely admitted it was showing off its defense capabilities.And it planned to keep up the missile exercises for10or11more days.In other news, the show-off force does come just days after words that Iran is building a second uranium enrichment plant. These satellite images supposedly show the location by the city of Qom.The U.S.and its allies quickly condemned this project.And Tehran says it’s just a civilian energy program,but U.S.official believed it was a cover for developing nuclear weapons.The Iranian say they will allow international inspectors into the plants.CNN News Item45军事：巴以冲突不停There is no letup of Israel’s assault on Gaza and Hamas’s rocket attacks into Israel.The fighting has entered a third week with mounting casualties on both sides.Israel says Hamas commander in charge of launching rockets into Israel from Gaza City was killed by ground fire.Also during a three-hour lull today Israel dropped leaflets warning residence to evacuate their homes.An United Stations spokesman says the pausing fighting was not longer enough to resume aid deliveries into Gaza.The humanitarian situation there is described as desperate and Palestinian medical sources say at least800people have been killed in Gaza since Israeli offensive began.13Israelies including10soldiers have also died.CNN News Item46军事：伊朗下月将进行大规模军事演习A holy day in Iran marked by violence as protesters clashed with police forces about a week ago. Demonstrators have spoken out against the country’s government for months now,but the clashes on the Muslim holy day of Ashura were the worst so far.At least seven people killed in the violence,though protesters and security forces disagree on how those deaths happened.Meantime,Iran’s government says it’s getting ready to hold a“large-scale military exercise”next month.The country says the goal is to prepare its forces to fight against an attack by the nation’s enemies.There’s been a lot of tension based around Iran’s nuclear program.The country says the program is for peaceful purposes.Other countries,including the U.S., believe Iran might be trying to build nuclear weapons.。

丰田召回门事件对我国企业构建诚信机制的启示郭德双

Value Engineering 1丰田召回门事件的简介近几年来，日本丰田汽车公司在美国汽车市场份额不断提高。

2008年，丰田汽车公司超越美国通用汽车公司，成为世界第一大汽车制造商。

然而，在2009年8月，由于丰田汽车因油门踏垫和突然加速等缺陷导致在美国发生了一起四人死亡的交通事故，自此，引发了丰田汽车在美国市场召回的导火索，随后召回规模和范围席卷全球。

2010年新年伊始，日本丰田公司因大规模召回汽车在业界掀起巨澜。

截至2010年2月10日，丰田已因刹车系统、油门踏板和踏垫问题在全球召回汽车总计约854万辆[5]。

所谓汽车召回制度，是指汽车生产企业发现对投放市场的汽车因质量、设计或制造工艺等方面存在缺陷，与国家有关行业标准或法律法规存在不一致，有可能存在安全及环保潜在危险，导致消费者人身或财产受到损害，经向有关部门申请并得到批准后对在用（含库存）车辆进行回收改造，以消除事故隐患的一种制度措施。

目前实行汽车召回制度的有美国、日本、韩国、法国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚等多个国家[1]。

2国内外召回制度的发展现状及特点2.1美国美国是汽车生产和销售的大国。

1966年美国发布了《国家交通与机动车安全法》，其中对召回制度所做的明确规定，标志着汽车召回管理制度的正式实施。

从1966年汽车召回管理制度的正式出台到现在，经过46年的不断发展和完善，美国的机动车召回制度已趋于完备。

该制度的特点主要表现为：第一，具有完善的法律法规体系且可操作性较强；第二，产品采取自愿认证，强制召回的模式；第三，信息收集和技术检测系统完备；第四，对违规行为的处罚力度大。

2.2日本日本的汽车召回制度是自1969年《道路运输车辆法》、《运输车辆安全标准》等法规的出台而建立起来的，并在2002年对其做了进一步修改和完善。

其召回制度的特点是汽车产品采取政府强制认证制度，制造商自主或自愿实施召回；车辆维修检查制度明确写入国家的《道路运输车辆法》；交通事故信息收集工作由警察厅负责，并将可能与安全缺陷相关的信息上报至国土交通省，减小了主管部门的工作量，提高了召回工作效率；对违规行为的处罚力度较大。

unit6~10听力选择答案 (1)

Unit6Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions you hear. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. He is seeking help.B. He is offering advice.C. He is trying to look calm.D. He is having an interview.2.A. She is weak in doing projects.B. She is weak in studies.C. She tends to work whole-heartedly.D. She is not willing to start a project.3.A. Send in her CV by e-mail.B. Send in her CV by mail.C. Call the company.D. Visit the company in person.4.A. She has accepted the offer.B. She has declined the offer.C. She is interested in becoming an accountant.D. She will leave the current job for more money.5.A. She should keep the present job.B. She might as well find a new job.C. She might as well find an online job.D. She should perfect her present position.6.A. A teacher.B. A salesman.C. A project manager.D. An architect.7.A. The company's business model and corporate philosophy.B. The products and services the company provides.C. The background the man has.D. The promising salary.8.A. The man failed the interview.B. There's no position available in the company.C. The man may apply for sales manager.D. The man will have an interview next week.Part 5 Short passages and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. The significance of exact numbers in a résumé.B. The role of three techniques in an interview.C. How to write a résumé.D. The importance of a résumé.2.Which of the following is better in a résumé, according to thespeaker?A. Lots of teaching experience.B. 7,300 teaching hours.C. Teaching for many years.D. Thousands of teaching hours.3.According to the speaker, which of the following does aholiday company NOT sell?A. Holidays.B. Adventure.C. Relaxation.D. Sand.4.What is the third technique the speaker recommends?A. A neat résumé.B. A handwritten cover letter.C. Identifying an employer's needs.D. All of the above.5.What skills are important in a résumé?A. The skills the applicant is especially good at.B. The skills the applicant has learned in his internship.C. Only the skills indicated in the job ad, to attract theemployer's attention.D. Mainly the skills listed in the advertisement, but also otherskills the employer needs.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. 6.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. What to bring to the job interview.B. The importance of appearance.C. What to say at job interviews.D. How to prepare for job interviews.7.Which of the following is NOT mentioned when you do yourresearch on the company?A. Its finances.B. Its products.C. Its customers.D. Its objectives.8.What kind of clothes does the speaker recommend?A. Flashy clothes.B. Fashionable clothes.C. Clean and neat clothes.D. Light-colored clothes.9.Which of the following does the speaker NOT mention to taketo the interview?A. Your CV.B. Reference books.C. Your qualifications papers.D. Samples of your work.10.What advice does the speaker give you about your pile ofpaperwork at an interview?A. It should be as tall as possible.B. It should be enough for you to give a 10-minutepresentation.C. It should be well organized.D. It should include at least ten books.Part 6 Short passages/dialogs andmultiple-choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.Which of the following does the woman NOT say in advisingthe man?A. Wear proper clothes.B. Put on a jacket and tie.C. Comb his hair.D. Have his resume at hand.2.What does the woman mean by saying, "Just watch yourtongue"?A. Hold your tongue.B. Avoid having a slip of the tongue.C. Keep quiet.D. Don't argue with others.3.Why does the man think it is necessary to talk about himself?A. He wants to show that he is clever.B. He wants to show that he is knowledgeable.C. He wants to be friendly.D. He wants to appear energetic.4.What has happened to the man in the past two years?A. He was fired twice for beating up his co-workers.B. He lost three jobs for quarrelling with his colleagues.C. He was promoted for his contributions.D. He was demoted for arguing with his boss.5.Why does the man want to work at the gift shop?A. Because it is near his home.B. Because the shop assistants there are friendly.C. Because the business there is good.D. Because the business there is bad.Part 7 Long dialogs and True/False questions (每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then mark the statements T (true) or F (false). You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to write the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.The woman had work experience in a foreign trade companyfor three years.A. TrueB. False2.The woman learned skills in both sales and interpersonalcommunication.A. TrueB. False3.Her job responsibilities were restricted to finding newcustomers.A. TrueB. False4.Her office hours are 9:00 to 5:30, Monday through Saturday.A. TrueB. False5.If employed, she is to have the base salary, paid holidays, apaid vacation, a retirement plan, and bonuses for good sales.A. TrueB. FalseUnit7Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions you hear. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. Tuesday morning at the woman's office.B. Tuesday morning at the man's office.C. Tuesday afternoon at the woman's office.D. Tuesday morning at the man's office.2.A. The football match should be called off.B. The meeting should not include new items.C. The meeting should have another two items.D. The football should be included in the agenda.3.A. Cancelling the meeting.B. Continuing the discussion on the last issue.C. Starting the meeting.D. Finishing the meeting.4.A. Eating noodles.B. Finding a supermodel for the café.C. Drawing up a business plan.D. Finding a waitress on the Internet.5.A. A relative of his helped him to get over the difficulty.B. His café was a big success.C. He no longer has a business.D. He has lost both his business and house.6.A. The man's company is broke.B. The man's company is expanding.C. The woman is willing to invest in the man's company.D. The woman won't invest in the man's company.7.A. The man's company has been shut down.B. The man is very proud of his business.C. The man feels depressed about his company'sperformance.D. The woman is going to join in the man's company. 8.A. It can save costs.B. Products can be easily promoted.C. It saves labor.D. Both A and B.Part 5 Short passages and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. 1.Why does the speaker mention anti-virus software?A. To show the importance of protecting the computer.B. To show how bad computer viruses are.C. To illustrate a future market demand.D. To identify a possible market decline.2.What is the use of an iris-recognition machine?A. To guard against an explosion.B. To ensure security.C. To recognize the value of safety.D. To avoid computer viruses.3.How can one benefit from old gardeners?A. By learning from the products sold in North America.B. By selling the gardeners more software.C. By studying how much more they earn than before.D. By studying what could help them to work longer and moreeasily.4.What is true of most of the people in the speaker's town?A. They overlooked the value of wild blueberries.B. They eat a lot of wild blueberries.C. They like to eat both blueberries and wild blueberries.D. They eat neither blueberries nor wild blueberries.5.Which of the following would be a suitable title for thepassage?A. Wild blueberry—a thriving business.B. Best business opportunities arising from computersoftware.C. How to find business opportunities.D. How to make use of the business connections. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. 6.What is the latest problem with Toyota's cars?A. Other carmakers' fear of its hybrid Prius cars.B. Customers' dissatisfaction with all Toyota cars.C. Fears about the safety of its hybrid Prius cars.D. Fears about the accelerators of its hybrid Prius cars.7.Why did Toyota recall its cars last September?A. Because of some small defects.B. Because of accelerator problemsC. Because of faulty brakes.D. Because of all of the above problems.8.What is true of the Prius hybrid car?A. It is the world's most popular hybrid car.B. It is popular with celebrities.C. It is environmentally friendly.D. All of the above.9.What did Toyota president Akio Toyoda think was thecompany's top priority?A. The customers' safety.B. The customers' preference.C. The company's profits.D. Reduction of the company's loss to the minimum.10.Which of the following is true of Toyota's recalling its cars?A. It recalled 463,000 cars, involving billions of dollars.B. It recalled 436,000 cars, involving millions of dollars.C. It recalled 436,000 cars, involving billions of dollars.D. It recalled 463,000 cars, involving hundreds of millions ofdollars.Part 6 Short passages/dialogs andmultiple-choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.What does the fax say?A. A small part of the goods was damaged.B. Half of the goods was damaged.C. The greater part of the goods was damaged.D. All of the goods were damaged.2.What is it the man wants to do about the fax?A. To ask the woman to make photocopies of it.B. To ask the woman to hide it away.C. To send a photocopy to the general manager immediately.D. Not to send a photocopy to the general managerimmediately.3.What did the man succeed in doing?A. Persuading the general manager not to get furious.B. Persuading the woman not to tell the ShippingDepartment.C. Persuading Watson Company not to cancel the wholeorder.D. Persuading the Shipping Department not to cancel thewhole order.4.What will the speakers' company lose?A. Money.B. Reputation.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.5.What conclusion does the woman arrive at?A. With the man's interpersonal skills, they won't lose theirjobs.B. In spite of the man's interpersonal skills, they will be out ofemployment.C. The man must find a job in damage control.D. She must find a job in damage control.Part 7 Long dialogs and True/False questions (每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then mark the statements T (true) or F (false). You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to write the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.Both the man and woman think a good beginning isimportant.A. TrueB. False2.The woman thinks it is necessary to advertise the goodquality of the product to make lots of money.A. TrueB. False3.The woman has put full-page ads in two large trademagazines.A. TrueB. False4.The woman has put three full-page ads in a majornewspaper.A. TrueB. False5.The man is not completely satisfied with the woman's work.A. TrueB. FalseUnit8Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions you hear. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. The peace of mind.B. A cheaper taxi.C. A licensed taxi.D. An unlicensed taxi.2.A. It is important to offer an online friend a drink.B. It is delightful to get a drink from an online friend.C. Ensure that nobody puts anything harmful into your drink.D. Be sure to shake the drink before you take it.3.A. The owner of the bar will not welcome him.B. The owner of the bar welcomes only visitors in football shirts.C. The barmen and barmaids have gone to watch the football final.D. The bar is closed.4.A. She will run as fast as she can.B. She will defend herself.C. She will be scared to death.D. She will buy a can of hairspray.5.A. Take a rubbish bin to the train station.B. Remove the rubbish bins from the railway station.C. Look at what is in the rubbish bin.D. Throw something into the rubbish bin.6.A. Her bicycle.B. Her sunglasses.C. Her cell phone.D. Her wallet.7.A. Mom and son.B. Teacher and student.C. Colleagues.D. Strangers.8.A. His father.B. His sister.C. His teacher.D. The woman speaker.Part 5 Short passages and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. World day against child labor.B. The worst forms of child labor.C. The reasons for child labor.D. The solutions to child labor.2.About how many children are doing dangerous jobs?A. About 120 million.B. Over 180 million.C. About 250 million.D. Nearly 750 million.3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned among the worstforms of child labor?A. Illegal sex trade.B. Illegal drug trade.C. Robbery.D. Wars.4.Where are the most children forced to work?A. In Asia and Latin America.B. In Asia and Africa.C. In Africa and Latin America.D. In Asia, Africa and Latin America.5.What should be governments' first step to reduce and endchild labor?A. To find out the worst forms of child labor.B. To identify the worst areas of child labor in the world.C. To punish governments that do not fight against childlabor.D. To carry out special programs with time limits.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.6.According to the report, what has happened to one third ofteenagers who surf the Internet?A. They have enjoyed online games.B. They have enjoyed social networks.C. They have been victims of cyber-bullying.D. They have been victims of hacking.7.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as away of cyber-bullying?A. Receiving threatening messages.B. Receiving lots of junk mail.C. Having one's private e-mails forwarded withoutpermission.D. Having one's text messages forwarded without permission.8.Which of the following receives the most common complaintfrom online teens?A. Having an embarrassing picture posted withoutpermission.B. Having rumors about them spread online.C. Physical violence.D. Private information being shared.9.What proportion of non-users of social networks had beencyber-bullied?A. 39%.B. 32%.C. 29%.D. 22%.10.Which of the following is the most effective in transmitting ofbullying materials ?A. Whispering.B. Shouting.C. Passing around.D. A few clicks of the mouse.Part 6 Short passages/dialogs andmultiple-choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. 1.Why does the man say he can't play tennis?A. He has to finish the food on the plate first.B. He has an appointment with a race walker.C. He is busy preparing for an exam.D. He is busy preparing for a job interview.2.Why is the man concerned about his score on the exam?A. It will influence his finding a job.B. It will determine if he can move to a higher grade in theuniversity.C. It will determine if he can get a scholarship.D. It is the last chance for him to take the makeup exam.3.What happened to Al Heppner, the race walker?A. He finished first in the qualifying round.B. His coach put a lot of pressure on him.C. He injured himself in the race walking.D. He committed suicide.4.What does the woman think we need to deal withcompetition?A. Harder work to sharpen our competitive edge.B. Keen observation to find out the opponent's weaknesses.C. A balance between our strengths and weaknesses.D. A sense of balance between what is possible andimpossible.5.What does the man finally think?A. He disagrees with the woman.B. He needs some relaxation.C. He must work harder to pass the exam.D. He thinks he is better than the woman at tennis.Part 7 Long dialogs and True/False questions (每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then mark the statements T (true) or F (false). You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to write the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.An Italian had arrived at a small French town to stay with hiswife at a hotel there.A. TrueB. False2.The Frenchman suddenly saw the Italian stealing his watch.A. TrueB. False3.The Frenchman and the Italian did not understand eachother.A. TrueB. False4.The Italian remained calm though the Frenchman lookedfierce.A. TrueB. False5.The Frenchman robbed the Italian by mistake.A. TrueB. FalseUnit9Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions you hear. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. To find the passports.B. To get the tickets.C. To pay the departure tax.D. To look after the luggage.2.A. 2 kilograms.B. 3 kilograms.C. 23 kilograms.D. 28 kilograms.3.A. Flying is relaxing and enjoyable.B. Flying could be harmful to the human body.C. Passengers should not carry hairspray on board.D. Most passengers like to drink water on board.4.A. She is frightened of flying.B. She hates the long queue at the check-in.C. She is not happy with the high fare.D. She thinks the service on the flight is bad.5.A. He is annoyed.B. He is furious.C. He is not too worried.D. He is helpless.6.A. Trans Pacific Flight 8 on July 19.B. Trans Pacific Flight 8 on August 2.C. Trans Pacific Flight 2 on July 19.D. Trans Pacific Flight 2 on August 8.7.A. By bus.B. By train.C. By air.D. Not decided.Part 5 Short passages and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. 1.What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The booming air travel industry.B. The depressing air travel industry.C. Despite the current depression, the air travel industry willpick up.D. Despite the current boom, the air travel industry willdecline.2.What was the earliest cause of the short-term aviation industrydepression?A. The crash of the high-tech stock market.B. A terrorist attack.C. Consumers' desire to buy goods.D. The poor airline service.3.Which of the following bears a larger share of the securitycheck costs?A. A longer trip.B. A shorter trip.C. Passengers at a small airport.D. Passengers at a large airport.4.According to the passage, what does deregulation result in?A. Worse service.B. Higher fare.C. Fast speed.D. More competition.5.What may be the average annual growth of the air travelindustry in the next two decades?A. A 20 percent increase.B. A 20.5 percent increase.C. A 5.1 percent increase.D. A 1.5 percent increase.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.6.What is true of the passenger traffic at Heathrow Airport?A. It is the smallest the world.B. It is the second largest the world.C. It is the largest the U.K.D. It is the second largest in the U.K.7.When did the new terminal at Heathrow Airport open?A. On 27th May.B. On 5th March.C. On 27th March.D. On 7th March.8.What problems did the staff have?A. Finding car parking spaces.B. Going through security.C. Getting into the building.D. All of the above.9.Why was there a backlog of luggage?A. There was simply too much luggage.B. Staff could not use the new systems well.C. The luggage-handling system broke down.D. All of the above.10.Which of the following happened the first day the new terminalwas in use?A. Problems were completely solved.B. No problems occurred.C. 20 flights were cancelled.D. 20 flights were delayed.Part 6 Short passages/dialogs andmultiple-choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.What are the man and woman talking about?A. The man thinks first class is far better than economy class, but the woman disagrees.B. The woman thinks first class is far better than economyclass, but the man disagrees.C. Both the man and woman think first class is far better thaneconomy class.D. Both the man and woman think first class is little better thaneconomy class.2.What has happened to the woman?A. She flew from Shanghai yesterday.B. She left Shanghai the day before yesterday.C. She is suffering from jet lag.D. She has got over the jet lag.3.According to the woman, which of the following is true in thewaiting room?A. In economy class you have to wait for hours.B. In economy class you have to stand in a long queue.C. In first class you have lots of food.D. In first class you can sleep on a sofa.4.What does the woman say about the first-class service onboard?A. You can choose from inexpensive meals.B. You can choose a movie on your own TV.C. You can stretch your arms and legs.D. All of the above.5.What does the man think about jet lag?A. It happens to everyone who flies for over 12 hours fromeast to west.B. It happens to everyone who flies for over 12 hours fromwest to east.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.Part 7 Long dialogs and True/False questions (每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then mark the statements T (true) or F (false). You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to write the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.1.The woman must take medicine to overcome her nervousnesswhen flying.A. TrueB. False2.Security checks have made the boarding procedure longer.A. TrueB. False3.The airline does not over-book every flight.A. TrueB. False4.An airline sells more tickets than its seating capacity in casesome passengers do not show up.A. TrueB. False5.The male speaker put on a brand-name T-shirt, hoping to beupgraded to a first-class seat.A. TrueB. FalseUnit10Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions(每小题：1 分)Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions you hear. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.A. He does not like what the woman bought.B. He does not remember the price of the shirt.C. He does not remember in which shop the shirt was.D. He remembers only the woman's phone number.2.A. She did not take the shopping list along with her.B. She did not write a shipping list.C. She does not want to shop in a crowded supermarket.D. She wants to finish shopping quickly.3.A. He has lost his memory completely.B. He has lost his sight.C. He drank heavily last night.D. He danced until after midnight.4.A. He can remember his life in primary school exactly.B. He remembers his life in his nursery.C. He remembers his life in primary school but not that in thenursery.D. He remembers his life in both primary school and thenursery.5.A. He has a bad memory.B. The woman has a bad memory.。

2020智慧树,知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试[完整答案]

2020智慧树,知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试[完整答案]智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案见面课：冰山之下--商业广告中的文化价值观1、问题:Culture is like an iceberg. Only a small part of culture is visible. For instance, food, dress, paintings are all apparent to eyes. But a great part of culture is hidden under the water, such as _, , and so on.选项：A:viewsB:attitudesC:architectureD:customs答案: 【views;attitudes;customs】2、问题:Originally Geert Hofsted developed a model that identifies four primary cultural dimensions: _, , Individualism versus Collectivism, ___.选项：A:Power DistanceB:Long- versus Short-Term OrientationC:Uncertainty AvoidanceD:Masculinity versus Femininity答案: 【Power Distance;Uncertainty Avoidance;Masculinity versus Femininity】3、问题:Chinese consumers can be ascribed to the values of conformity and“face”.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】4、问题:It”s better for advertisers to realize and take note of the different cultural values and make corresponding adjustments to their advertising appeals.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】5、问题:The Americans have the spirit of innovation and risk-taking. They are not willing to cope with uncertainties inherent in life and can tolerate and accept new ideas and strangers.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】见面课：商业宣讲实践1、问题:In the presentation of GTech, the first part is to introduce some basic information about GTech.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】2、问题:PPT with paragraphs of text significantly decreases the attention of the audience.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】3、问题:Keeping your hands in your pockets during the presentation shows your confidence.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】4、问题:Images in PPT can distract people”s attention andmake the message less powerful.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】5、问题:A subtle nod, smile or placement of your hands can drastically change the meaning of your words.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】6、问题:What is the most obvious difference among informative presentation, persuasive presentation, and goodwill presentation? ( )选项：A:the audienceB:the informationC:the purposeD:the language答案: 【the purpose】7、问题:GTech is a __ company ( )选项：A:foodB:technicalC:mediaD:consultative答案: 【food】8、问题:Which is NOT the need of Japanese hospitals on robot nurses? ( )选项：A:error-orientedB:integratedC:autonomousD:error-free答案: 【error-oriented】9、问题:Which can NOT help you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation? ( )选项：A: AgeB:AppearanceC:OccupationD:Interest答案: 【Appearance】10、问题:Which can NOT attract audience”s attention? ( )选项：A:Use a rising intonationB:Stress important wordsC:Use short sentences at the start of a pointD:Keep on talking答案: 【Keep on talking】见面课：跨文化商务谈判模拟1、问题:In some Asian cultures, such as in China and Japan, they will adapt the indirect approach.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】2、问题:To the successful negotiations, the two sides must first understand the cultural differences.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】3、问题:High-context cultures are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】4、问题:Germans make it very clear about the prices, conditions and ways of acting.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】5、问题:According to the negotiating objectives, goals for negotiations can be included:desired goal, acceptable goal and bottom goal.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】6、问题:It is appropriate to use your right hand to exchange business cards in Indian cultures.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】7、问题:Saudis do require as much personal space as most Western cultures.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】8、问题:There should be no more than three colors in business formal attire for men.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】9、问题:In Finland, a gift is not expected on the first visit, but would be expected on a subsequent visit.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】见面课：障碍与沟通--跨文化商务案例分析1、问题:What are the reasons for the Toyota Recall Crisis?选项：A:The failure of the public relationsB:A culture of deferenceC:Employee”s LoyaltyD:Communication across cultures答案: 【The failure of the public relations;A culture of deference;Employee”s Loyalty;Communication across cultures】2、问题:When responding to consumer safety issues, the typical Japanese corporation”s response is __.选项：A:Minimization of the problemB:Reluctance to recall the productC:Criticize the team membersD:too little compassion and concern for customers 答案: 【Minimization of the problem;Reluctance to recall the product;too little compassion and concern for customers】3、问题:There are many ways of examining cultural differences and their impact on international management. Culture can affect ____.选项：A:technology transferB:managerial attitudesC:managerial ideologyD:business-government relations答案: 【technology transfer;managerial attitudes;managerial ideology;business-government relations】4、问题:How can the culture of a society directly affect management approaches?选项：A:centralized versus decentralized decision makingB:safety versus riskC:stability versus innovationD:individual versus organization loyalty答案: 【centralized versus decentralized decision making; safety versus risk;stability versus innovation】5、问题:Which statement in the following French culture is not right?选项：A:Social class is important and social interactions are affected by class stereotypes.B:The French may admire or be fascinated with people who disagree with them.C:The French are very status conscious, and they like to provide signs of their status.D:The French focus on good connections, which can result in lower costs for doing business.答案: 【The French focus on good connections, which can result in lower costs for doing business.】6、问题:Which factor needs to be considered when pursuing business in Brazil?选项：A:Physical contact is acceptable as a form of communication.B:Brazilians tend to trust others, so be sure to form a strong relationship before bringing up business issues.C:Appearance is very important, as it will reflect both you and your company.D:Patience is not important.答案: 【Physical contact is acceptable as a form of communication.;Appearance is very important, as it will reflect both you and your company.】第一章1、The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.culturecommunicationethnocentrismsender答案: ethnocentrism2、The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.intercultural communicationculturebusiness communicationfeedback答案: culture3、A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.ethnocentrismnoisecommunicationhorizontal communication答案: noise4、The communication is within business and administration, aiming at a common objective and profits for both the individuals and organizations.lateral communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationintercultural communication答案: business communication5、The communication at the same level in an organization. horizontal communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationlateral communication答案: horizontal communication6、When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as“ life way of a population” in its broad sense, meaning whatcharacterizes the particular way of life of a population.对错答案: 错7、Culture is all men”s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错答案: 对8、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels;a level of norms and values, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.对错答案: 错9、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错答案: 对10、In the global village, neighbors communicate free oftroubles and difficulties.对错答案: 错11、With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.对错答案: 错第二章1、A good mastery of grammar of one language can guaranteea successful communication.对错答案: 错2、Long before writing was developed,we learned to speak first.对错答案: 对3、There should always be an attachment at the end of abusiness memo.对错答案: 错4、A recommendation report is to recommend something to others.对错答案: 错5、Which is not verbal communication?Chat with your leaders and colleaguesDiscuss an issue in a groupGreeting with a smileLeave a message答案: Greeting with a smile6、____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.NoiseMessageSourceContext答案: Noise7、It is a universal truth that language is by culture and in turn it __ culture.influenced, reflectsdisplayed, influencesdetermined, reflectsshaped, influences答案: influenced, reflects8、Why should we take notes during a business call?Listen attentivelyServes as a record to take follow-up actionReport on the call to someone elseReflect on the call答案: Listen attentively,Serves as a record to take follow-up action,Report on the call to someone else9、How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?AgeAppearanceInterestOccupation答案: Age,Interest,Occupation10、Before making a business call, what kind of questionscan you reflect?Do you need to report to your boss?Do you need to get information?Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?Do you need to ask for the person”s help or support?答案: Do you need to get information?,Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?,Do you need to ask for the person”s help or support?第三章1、Nonverbal behavior reflects the speaker”s subconciousness.对错答案:A2、Depending on the culture,a smile can indicate joy and amusement, it can also indicate embarrassment.对错答案:A3、Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.对错答案:对4、Intimate distance is most common when friends, old classmates, acquaintances and relativestalk.对错答案:错5、People in __ cultures usually view silence as lack of communication and are generally ____ with it.low context uncomfortablehigh context uncomfortablelow context comfortablehigh context comfortable答案:low context uncomfortable6、Which of the following countries uses high-context language?CanadaGermanyJapanUnited States答案:Japan7、The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying“Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ____.complementingrepeatingcontradictingsubstituting答案:substituting8、Which statements are correct about nonverbalcommunication?Nonverbal behavior is easily controlledA smile sometimes doesn”t mean a sincere smileNonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we derive from conversation.Nonverbal communication is more than the complement of verbal communication.答案:9、How does nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?Be silentGesture of stoppingClap handsRaise voice答案:Be silent Gesture of stopping Clap hands Raise voice 10、Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?ItalyAmericaFranceGreece答案:Italy America France第四章1、Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describethe extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequallythe power of multinational organizationsthe power differential between developed and less developed countriesthe power difference between men and women答案:2、Hofstede”s _ index measures the extent to which the lesspowerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. value orientationcultural dimensionscultural valuespower distance答案:power distance3、These are the most significant studies of cultural values except ___.Hall's High- and Low- Context TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five Value Orientations Fons Trompenars”s model of culture with seven dimensions Geert Hofstede's six Cultural Dimensions答案:Fons Trompenars”s model of culture with seven dimensions4、The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is____.a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship a view of group orientation of social relationshipa view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipnone of the above答案:a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5、Low-context communication is characterized by explicit speaking.对错答案:对6、Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to western culture.对错答案:对7、Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures.对错答案:对8、At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.对错答案:错9、Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to the value Kluckhohn calls hierarchy.对错答案:错10、In a culture emphasizing masculinity, it is more possible for men to play a nurturing role.对错答案:错第五章1、Etiquette is simply showing respect for others.对错答案:错2、Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how to behave appropriately in all situations.对错答案:A3、Kiss greeting usually happen between two men in the United States.错答案:错4、It”s OK to write on someone”s business card.对错答案:B5、A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture, not a show of physical strength. So we should not squeeze other”s hand too hard.对错答案:A6、Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed either on the plate or on the left of forks.对错答案:A7、You”re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from the table and place it on your lap?Open it immediately.Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before takingWait for the oldest person at the table to take his or hers. Wait for all the ladies to take theirs before taking yours if you are a gentle man.答案:Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.8、Which of the following behavior is appropriate in a business dinner?Use the napkin to wipe your nose.Cut all the food in your plate into small pieces.Sip from the side of the spoon when eating soup.Use the knife with your right hand.答案:CD9、What are the benefits of humor in the workplace?Humor can reduce stress.Humor can block negative emotions.Humor can help people develop rapport with each other. Humor can help solve problems.答案:ABCD10、In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone”s business card is a reflection of:How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.How much you respect them as a person.What you think of their country.company and title.答案:ABCD第六章1、In some high-context cultures, public display of emotions is a sign of immaturity and a potential cause of shame to the group.对错答案:A2、Whether an international business negotiation succeeds or not is not only determined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but also closely related to whether enough careful preparation has been made.对错答案:A3、In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.对错答案:错4、Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movement that is possible for each party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.对错答案:错5、In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony, preserve face, and develop ____ relationships.Short-termLong-termMiddle-termShort run答案:Long-term6、The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differences that stand in the way of an agreement. Settling the differences involves____.high-context and low-contextconcession andreappraisaladjustment and compromiseaims and objectives答案:adjustment and compromise7、The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of the buyer”s current situation, taking into account of ____ and ____ within which the transaction takes place.the commercial circumstances, the overall contextthe corporate credit, the bank accounting bookthe manager”s stability, the site selectionthe commercial invoice, the chief negotiator”s ability 答案:the commercial circumstances, the overall context 8、Differences in____, ____, and____ have a profound impact on how successfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct business transactions.BehavingWays of thinkingManaging conflictHuman resources答案:9、The political system,____, and the counterpart may in some way determine the success or failure of the negotiation. The legal systemThe business systemThe financial systemInfrastructure and logistics system答案:ABCD10、The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded: To explain the concrete issueTo create suitable atmosphereTo state proposal in opening phaseTodeclare for our intention答案:ABCD。

英语专业新编英语教程2第三版基英课后练习translations

Unit11.我能认出这块表是我的，因为表的背面有划痕。

(identify)I can identify this watch as mine by the scratches on the back.2.他嗜巧克力如命，吃的停不下来。

(addict)He was so addicted to chocolate that he couldn't stop taking it.3.史密斯先生从教学岗位上退休下来以后，开始从事摄影这一兴趣爱好。

(take up)Mr. Smith took up photography as a hobby after he retired from teaching.4.相比较起来，这幢房子的优点是价格低，而那幢房子的优点是交通便利。

(by comparison)By comparison, this house has the advantage of low price, but that house has the advantage of convenient transportation.5.他似乎正在使出全身解数，试图提高这一新产品的销售额。

(promote)It seems that he is making every effort to promote the sale of this new product.6.热切的学生们纷纷挤进了讲堂，聆听来自剑桥大学的那位著名教授讲课。

(crowd)The eager students crowded into the lecture hall to hear the famous professor from Cambridge University.7.他们责怪他向队友发出的信号混乱不清。

(confuse)They blamed him for sending confusing signals to the teammates.8.我们的产品仍然远远领先于我们竞争对手的产品。

雷克萨斯服务部用语中英对照一览表

全文
TOYOTA Technical Education Program
中文释义
丰田技术培训项目（T-Tep学校）丰田服务网点人才招聘会丰田班丰田汽车技术研究交流有限公司（丰田培训中心）故障诊断器维修手册用户手册/驾驶员手册服务支援品订贩系统一般维修服务顾问丰田服务顾问钣金和喷漆损伤评估培训中心丰田技术员专业技术员诊断技术员诊断技师丰田技术教育体系（一般维修）丰田服务顾问培训体系丰田服务顾问新的培训体系 DLR内训导师新车型现地修复车辆识别代码中心零件仓库地区零件供应中心紧急订单库存补充订单零件缺货丰田汽车仓储贸易（上海）有限公司经销商采贩价建议零售价电子零件目录国家强制性产品讣证常用保养零件丰田纯牌机油错件、少发、多发丰田零件加工清单
Technical Report&Information Gathering System for Global EDER 技术情报收集预警系统 Global Vehicle Operation&Environment Information System 全球车辆使用环境情报系统 Early Detection Early Resolution Pre-Delivery Inspection Intial Quality Survey Customer Satisfaction Campaign Recall Pre-Delivery Correction Incoming Customer Service Campaign Special Policy Adjustment Customer Relationship Management 早期发现早期解决车辆上市前检查初期品质调查客户满意活劢召回在库车辆检查来店客户服务活劢特殊故障判断顾客关系管理一次修复钣金油漆钣金油漆基础改善50项环境风险审核计划快速保养业务售后服务满意度指数调研

江西省南昌市10所省重点中学2013届高三第二次模拟英语试题(2)(含答案)

南昌市10所省重点中学命制2013届高三第二次模拟突破冲刺（二）英语试题第I卷（共三部分，115分）第一部分听力部分（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman need to do this weekend?A. To get her car fixed.B. To do her homework.C. To meet a friend.2. What will the woman buy for the man？A. Oranges and bananas.B. Apples and oranges.C. Grapes and oranges.3. What does the man mean?A. The exam seems to be easier than it first appeared.B. He thinks they made the exam difficult on purpose.C. The exam is more difficult than he thought.4. What is the woman?A. A waitress.B. A doctor.C. A teacher.5. What will the woman take?A. A taxi.B. A bus.C. The underground.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

有趣的灵魂万里挑一—— 广汽丰田C-HR

26基本规格长、宽、高 mm 4 405、1 795、1 565轴距 mm2 640轮距（前/后） mm 1 550/1 550整备质量 kg 1 510油箱容积 L50动力系统及车辆性能发动机型式L4发动机排量 L2.0最大功率 kW（r/min）126（6 600）最大扭矩 N·m（r/min）203（4 400-4 800）变速器型式CVT 燃油标号92号环保标准国5综合油耗 L/100km 5.7百公里加速时间 s 9.9最高车速 km/h185其他系统驱动型式前置前驱转向系统电动助力转向悬架系统（前/后）麦弗逊式独立/多连杆式独立轮胎型号（前/后）215/60 R17制动系统（前/后）通风盘式/盘式保养政策整车保修期3年或10万公里首保里程10 000 km 保养周期10 000 km广汽丰田C-HR先要清楚搭载CVT的车型在加速感上面并没有什么优势，但实际的测试成绩却很能说明问题。

而且，以往CVT的“肉”主要表现在起步阶段，传动比大，扭矩也被放大。

为了防止钢带打滑，只能限制动力的输出。

而C-HR的一大创新就是用齿轮传动来负责起步，相当于1挡，车速提起来之后再通过变速箱内的离合器切换至钢带传动，这一结构被称为Direct-shift CVT。

实际体验下来，这个方案确实让C-HR 的起步变得干净利落，踩下油门的那一刻就有直接的推背感传来，之后的传动切换也悄无声息。

仔细想想，这其实是一种取巧的办法。

再说这台2.0 L发动机，算是“中国特供版”。

一说到特供，马上有人就开始带节奏了，“偷工减料”、“简配”这些贬义词，但实际上这台2.0 L发动机的名称里包含了Dynamic Force这个前缀，代表了它是基于丰田最新技术打造的发动机。

最能体现这一点的是它40%的热效率，其中包含了诸如气门座激光熔覆、歧管、缸内双喷射、电控EGR等先进技术。

可以说在全球范围内，广汽丰田版本的C-HR所搭载的动力总成是最先进的，因为北美市场的2.0 L发动机是旧版的，而日本年市场只有1.2T和混动两个选择，所以说真的希望这样的“中国特供”能越来越多。

recall的用法与搭配

recall的用法与搭配一. Recall的概述Recall是一个常见且多用途的动词，可以在各种语境下使用。

它有很多不同的含义和用法，在本文中将介绍recall的几个主要用法和搭配。

二. 行政召回行政召回是指撤销或废止某个决议、政策或命令等。

当政府或管理机构意识到之前做出的决定存在问题或不再适用时，他们可以通过召回来修正错误。

这种召回可能涉及到公共倡议、相关利益方之间的讨论和广泛的舆论辩论。

行政召回通常需要具备良好的执行力和合理的解释，以确保公众对此事务有明确且必要的了解。

三. 汽车召回汽车厂商常常会因为安全隐患、设计缺陷或制造问题而主动向消费者发送召回通知书。

拥有一辆被制造商认定为存在问题的车辆并收到召回通知书意味着您将能够获得免费维修服务，以解决任何与安全相关的问题。

这种方式可避免进一步损害消费者权益，并确保产品品质符合标准。

四. 产品召回除汽车以外，许多其他消费品也可能存在质量或安全问题，需要进行召回。

当生产商发现自己的产品有潜在风险时，他们会采取主动召回的措施，以避免因不合格产品给消费者造成伤害。

这种召回通常包括一系列行动，如提供退款、修理或更换等选择。

五. 食品和药品召回食品和药品行业是最容易出现潜在风险的领域之一。

如果监管机构或生产商发现某个产品可能对公众健康构成威胁，他们将采取具体措施来限制产品流通，并向消费者发布一个召回声明。

这种措施旨在促使人们停止使用或购买有患病可能性的产品，并最大程度地保障公众健康与安全。

六. 投票罢免投票罢免是指选民通过投票决定是否取消某个公职人员的职位。

当公职人员在任期内未能履行职责、涉及腐败或其他违法活动时，选民可以利用投票权利来要求该官员离职。

这种方式使民众能够对政府的决策和行为进行监督，确保他们所选的领导履行其责任。

七. 总结Recall是一个非常常用且具有多重用法的动词。

在不同的语境下，它可以表示撤销决定、修复产品缺陷、召回有潜在风险的商品或者解除公职人员职位等。

汽车行业翻译考核试卷

汽车行业翻译考核试卷
考生姓名：__________答题日期：______/______/_____得分：_________判卷人：_________
一、单项选择题（本题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）
1.汽车行业的英文翻译是：（）
A. Automobile Industry
4.橡胶
5.宝马
6.二氧化碳
7.供应链
8.水冷
9.位置
10.电动
四、判断题
1. √
2. √
3. √
4. √
5. ×
6. ×
7. √
8. √
9. ×
10. √
五、主观题（参考）
1.新能源汽车具有零排放、低噪音、高能效、使用成本低等优势，有助于减少环境污染和能源消耗。
2. ABS通过自动调节刹车力度，防止轮胎在紧急刹车时抱死，提高车辆稳定性和可操控性，减少交通事故。
C.促销活动
D.客户关系管理
16.汽车行业中的供应链管理包括以下哪些环节？（）
A.原材料采购
B.零部件制造
C.整车组装
D.销售与售后服务
17.以下哪些是汽车设计中需要考虑的安全因素？（）
A.碰撞安全
B.被动安全
C.主动安全
D.车身刚度
18.汽车赛事运动中，以下哪些是常见的汽车赛事类型？（）
A.方程式赛车
B. Car Industry
C. Vehicle Field
D. Engine Business
2. “SUV”在中文通常指的是：（）
A.越野车
B.运动型多用途汽车
C.小型货车
D.轿车
3.以下哪个单词表示“混合动力汽车”？（）

买车的相关英语

买车的相关英语有：1.car dealership：汽车经销商。

这是指销售汽车的公司或店铺。

2.model：车型。

这指的是车的具体款式，如轿车、SUV、跑车等。

3.make：品牌。

这指的是车的生产厂家，如Ford（福特）、Toyota（丰田）、BMW（宝马）等。

4.year：年份。

这指的是车的生产年份，通常在车辆的副驾驶门或车尾部标明。

5.trim（trim level）：配置等级。

这指的是车在不同价格范围内的不同配置水平，如基本型、豪华型等。

6.engine：引擎。

这是指车的动力系统，不同类型的引擎能够产生不同的马力和扭矩。

7.transmission：变速器。

这指的是车用来改变速度和力量的设备，包括手动和自动两种类型。

8.options：选配。

这指的是在基本车型上增加的一些额外配置或功能，如真皮座椅、导航系统等。

9.test drive：试驾。

这是指在购买前对车辆进行实际驾驶以评估其性能和舒适度的机会。

10.s ticker price：标价。

这是指车辆的制造商建议零售价（MSRP），不包括任何附加费用或折扣。

11.f inancing：分期付款。

这是指购买车辆时选择分期付款的方式支付车款。

12.t rade-in：以旧换新。

这是指用旧的车辆换取新的车辆，旧车的价值可以用来抵扣新车的价格。

13.m aintenance plan：保修计划。

这是指对车辆提供一定期限的保修服务，包括保养和修理工作。

14.r ecall：召回。

这是指车辆存在某种缺陷或安全隐患，厂家要求将其从市场上收回并进行修复或更换的过程。

一汽丰田英语表达

一汽丰田英语表达
一汽丰田是中国汽车行业的领军企业之一，成立于1992年，是
日本丰田汽车公司在中国的合资企业。

总部位于吉林省长春市，目前拥有多款热销车型，如卡罗拉、雷凌、威驰等。

一汽丰田致力于为消费者提供高品质、高性能、高安全性的汽车产品。

以下为英语表达：
一汽丰田是中国汽车行业的领军企业之一。

(FAW Toyota is one of the leading enterprises in China's automobile industry.) 成立于1992年，是日本丰田汽车公司在中国的合资企业。

(Established in 1992, it is a joint venture of Toyota Motor Corporation from Japan in China.)
总部位于吉林省长春市，目前拥有多款热销车型，如卡罗拉、雷凌、威驰等。

(Headquartered in Changchun, Jilin Province, it currently has multiple best-selling car models, such as Corolla, Levin, and Yaris.)
一汽丰田致力于为消费者提供高品质、高性能、高安全性的汽车产品。

- 1 -。

Toyotaのリコール

豊田章一郎会長はトヨタ自動車の問題につい
て謝る。
トヨﾀ自動車の名誉は破っている
トタ自動車が先月にアメリカで販売した新車の台数は、大規模なリコールによる販売の減少を食い止めようと実施した販売促進策の効果から、前の年の同じ時期に比べて４０％以上増加しました。

最近、TOYOTAの大規模なリコール
中国にもリコールの車がある
リコールの原因

以前はハードウェアの製造上の問題を原因とするリコールが多かったのですが、現在ではその上流過程である企画や設計に起因するものが多くなってきています。この原因の変化は自動車というものが変化してきたことによるものです。昔は自動車はハードウェアで全部の動きが決まっていました。しかし今は、自動車に組み込まれたマイクロコンピュータがすべての動作を監視しながら、どう動くべきかを判断しており、自動車はその指令に従って動いています。その動きを決めるのがソフトウェアのプログラムです。このプログラムをどのように作っていくかが自動車の性能を決める一番大きな要点になっています。
TOYOTA自動車のリコール
目次
.TOYOTAのリコール事件について
リコール事件の原因 TOYOTAはこの事件に対しての対策
リコール事件の影響
私たちの感想(まとめ）
リコールの車の型
リコール事件の詳しく説明

2月1日 6時54分トヨタ自動車は、アメリカやヨーロッパなどで販売した車のアクセル部品に不具合が見つかった問題で、日本時間の１日夜にも、アメリカでの具体的な修理内容を発表することにしています。しかし、リコール問題をめぐっては、来週アメリカ議会が公聴会を開き、事実関係の究明に乗り出すなど波紋はさらに広がる様相をみせています今回、アメリカでリコールの対象となっているのは、ＲＡＶ４、カローラ、カムリなど２３０万台です。これとは別に、アメリカでは去年秋にトヨタ車のフロアマットがずれてアクセルペダルのすき間に挟まり、アクセルが戻らなくなって暴走するおそれがあることが発覚し、５３５万台がリコールの対象になっています。

高职英语2课文翻译

Unit31.It’s important to know your objectives on a business trip, andto set out with those goals in mind and how toaccomplish them. But along the way, something rather amazing happens when you travel on business. You may go to some pretty amazing places, and get chances to see things you would have never sought out on your own.翻译:了解出差的目的,出发时牢记目标并清楚如何达成目标,这些都是很重要的。

但在途中也会发生一些有趣的事情。

你可能会去到一些令人惊叹的地方,有机会看到你自己可能永远都发现不了的东西。

2.Business trips don’t have to be all about business. There are times when you have completed your work andyou can take in some of the local color, attractions and good food. The first resource to find out what is really cool to enjoy in the city or town you are visiting is the locals. If you go to a faraway town to conduct business with a partner or vendor, they are often more than happy to show you the lay of the land and what is fun to see and do in the town.翻译:商务旅行不必都是生意。

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Two recalls
Date:November 25,2009 District： America Amount:3.8 million cars recalled Measures:shorten the length of accelerator pedal;develop new product Models:Camry(凯美瑞) Avalon(亚洲龙) Prius(普锐斯) Tundra(苔原) Lexus(雷克萨斯)
During the Crisis
b.Not be open and sincere with the media and customers
• The press conference in Nagoya(名古屋) in February
During the Crisis
b.Not be open and sincere with the media and customers
Arming themselves with facts
▪Hiring the technology consultancy ▪Hiring the crisis public relations company
After the Crisis
Measure One Set up within 24-hour service responding to accident Measure Two Akio Toyoda put forward 4 concrete measures of product quality improvement Measure Three Participate in social commonweal activities
Two recalls
Date:January and February，2010 District：America China British Russia etc Amount:around 3 million cars recalled Models: Prius(普锐斯) RAV4(休闲活动四轮驱动车辆) Lexus(雷克萨斯) etc
▪Toyota&Facebook
c.Avoiding the Responsibilities
▪Recall without explanation
▪Negative resolution ▪Unfair treatment towards China
During the Crisis
Advantages
Thank you!
Refห้องสมุดไป่ตู้rence:
/topic/fengtiandmn/ /p-017909145932.html /view/3231892.htm
Before the Crisis
Media exposure:Toyota has ever bought off(买通) the American officials American insurer:Toyota concealed(隐瞒) security problems for six years. Internal files:Toyota ignored security to make money.
Toyota:Crisis Management
主讲人：鲁婧婧牛青青田宝雨
Toyota:Three Major Problems
• Brake system problem(刹车系统问题)
• Accelerator pedal problem(加速踏板问题)
• Floor mat problem(脚垫问题)
During the Crisis
Disadvantages a.Reacting slowly January 19: The national highway traffic security(美国国家公路交通安全局) forced the Toyota to recall their cars January 21:The Toyota announced to recall 2300000 cars in America. January 29:The America announced an investigation on Toyota. January 30:Akio Toyoda(the CEO of Toyota) made a public apology for the first time. February 5:Akio Toyoda held the press conference in Nagoya. February 19:Akio Toyoda decided to attend the hearings in America.
After the Crisis
Recommendation
For For For For For customers whose car has been recalled customers who had bought Toyota car potential customers media internal employees
Traffic accident
• • • • Date: August,2009 Place: San Dieqo highway Victims: The Savlors Cause: The accelerator pedal
In the last 3 years, more than 102 accidents occured.(According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)