专八晚辅导-语言学练习题

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专八语言学试题【答案版本】

1. F. de. Saussure is a (n) __________linguist.A. AmericanB. BritishC. SwissD. RussianSwiss linguist. The founder of structural linguistics, he declared that there is only an arbitrary relationship between a linguistic sign and that which it signifies. The posthumously published collection of his lectures,Course in General Linguistics (1916), is a seminal work of modern linguistics.索绪尔，费迪南德·德：(1857-1913) 瑞士语言学家，结构主义语言的创始人，他声称在语言符号和其所指含义之间仅有一种模糊的关系。

他死后，他的讲演集出版为《普通语言学教程》（1916年），是现代语言学的开山之作2.N. Chomsky is a(n) ______linguist.Canadian B. American C. French D. SwissAmerican linguist who revolutionized the study of language with his theory of generative grammar, set forth inSyntactic Structures (1957).乔姆斯基，诺阿姆：(生于1928) 美国语言学家，他在《句法结构》（1957年）一书中所阐述的关于生成语法的理论曾使语言学研究发生突破性进展3.___________is the study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference totheir distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.A.PhonologyB. Lexicography 词典编纂C. lexicology词典学D.Morphology词态词态学音位学研究的是一种语言的整个语音系统及其分布，包括某一特定语言里的语音和音位分部和结合的规律。

专八语言学练习(真题汇总)2

1 The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples of _____.A dialectal synonymsB stylistic synonymsC emotive synonymsD collocational synonyms2 The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is _____A hyponymyB synonymyC polysemyD homonymy3 The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day on which we don’t have to work. This is an example of _____.A meaning shiftB widening of meaningC narrowing of meaningD loss of meaning4 The word “tail” once referred to the “tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal”. This is an example of ________.A widening of meaningB narrowing of meaningC meaning shiftD loss of meaning5 Speech act theory was first put forward by _____.A John SearleB John AustinC Noam ChomskyD Halliday6 What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of ____.A referenceB meaningC antonymD context7 When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ____.A an illocutionary actB a perlocutionary actC a locutionary actD none of the aboveThe distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____A lexcialB syntacticC phonologicalD psycholinguisticA special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ____.A dialectB idiolectC pidginD register____ refers to the learning and development of a language.A Language acquisitionB Language comprehensionC Language productionD Language instruction。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言习得)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语言习得）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．In general, language acquisition refers to children’s development of their______.A．first languageB．second languageC．foreign languageD．dialectal language正确答案：A解析：一般来说，语言习得指的是儿童的第一语言发展，即儿童在其长大成人所在的社区的本族语的发展。

知识模块：语言习得2．______holds that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.A．The behaviorist viewB．The innatist viewC．The naming theoryD．The contextualism正确答案：A解析：行为主义论(the behaviorist view)认为，语言学习是一个简单的接受语言刺激、模仿语言、形成语言习惯的过程。

知识模块：语言习得3．______holds that children are born with an innate mechanism that allows them to acquire language.A．The behaviorist viewB．The innatist viewC．The naming theoryD．The contextualism正确答案：B解析：先天主义论(the innatist view)认为儿童生来大脑就具有学习语言的机制，受到一定的语言刺激后就可以激活该机制习得语言。

(完整版)英语专八语言学测试题

英语专八人文语言学测试题1. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A language is a systemB language is symbolicC Animal also have languageD language is arbitrary2. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human loanguage is __________.A arbitraryB non-arbitraryC logicalD non-productive3. Which of the foloowing terms best describes the “-ate” in the word “affectionate”?A derivational morphemeB infectional morphemeC free morphemeD prefix4. Which of the foloowing terms best describes the pair of words kill and dill?A minimal pairB phonemic contrastC closed class wordsD bound morphemes5. What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace?A synonymyB antonymyC homonymyD polysemy6. /p/ is different from /b/ in ______.A the manner of articulationB the shape of the lipsC the vibration of the vocal cordsD the place of articulation7. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is / are the most flexible.A mouthB lipsC tongueD vocal cords8. The phonological features of the consonant /t/ are ______.A voiced stopB voiceless stopC voiced fricativeD voiceless fricative9. The branch of linguistics that studies show context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ________.A semanticsB pragmaticsC sociaolinguisticsD psycholinguistics10. The utterance “We’ve already eaten ten tons.” Obviously violates the maxim of ______.A qualityB quantityC relationD manner11. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i.e. rounded, except _____.A //12. The semantic relationship between the two sentences “Mary’s son is an engineer.” And “Mary has a son.” is _______.A entailmentB presuppositionC synonymyD inconsistency13. Which of the following sentences is a commissive?A The eqarth is round.B I now prinounce you husband and wife.C I’m really sorry!D I’ll be here tomorrow14. Semantic feature analysis attempts to account for the _____ of a word according to the presence or abence of a specific semantic feature in the word.A conceptual meaningB social meaningC connotative meaningD affective meaning15. ____ act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of its literal meaning.A SpeechB LocutionaryC IllocutionaryD Perlocutionary16. _____is a group of people using a given language or dialect. They use the same kind of language or dialect which is highly strtified in terms of social division.A Speech communityB Individual dialectC Regional dialectD Social dialect17. The situation where two very different varieties of the same language are used side by side for two different sets of functions is termed as _______.A diglossiaB bilingualismC multilingualismD register18. A ____is a variety of a language that is not a native language of anynone, but is learned on co9ntact situation such as trading.A pidginB creoleC dialectD lingua franca19. The Word“lab”is formed through _________.A back formationB blendingC clippingD derivation20. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A genderB numberC caseD voice21. The pair of words “ lend ” and “ borrow ” are _______.A gradable oppositesB converse oppositesC co-hypinymsD synonyms22. “Big” and “Small ”are a pair of _________opposites.A complementaryB gradableC completeD converse23. _______is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.A SemanticsB pragmaticsC sociolinguisticsD psycholinguistics24. A variety of a language used recognizably in a specific region or by a specific social class is called __________.A dialectB registersC creolesD pidgins25. In a speech community people have something in common________ -- a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A sociallyB linguisticallyC culturallyD pragmatically26. [ l ] and [ r ] function in a minimal pair of ___________.A lid and ridB lad and redC peel and peerD both A，B，C27. Man’s linguistic ability enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in his native language, including the sentences which were never heard before. This design feature of language is ____________.A specializationB cultural transmissionC ProductivityD arbitrariness28. The study of language developed over a period of time is generally termed as ______ linguistics, which focuses on the changes and developments of language.A comparativeB appliedC synchronicD diachronic29. Human language operates on two levels of structure. At one level are elements which have no meaning in themselves but which combine to form units at another level which do have meaning. This design feature of language is called ______.A D。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言与社会)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语言与社会）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purpose of trading is called______.A．dialectB．idiolectC．pidginD．register正确答案：C解析：pidgin洋泾浜是原本讲不同语言的人们由于某些特殊原因(如商业交流)的直接交流目的而产生的特殊语言混合体。

Dialect的意思是方言，idiolect是个人方言，register是语域。

知识模块：语言与社会2．The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT______.A．lexicalB．syntacticC．phonologicalD．psycholinguistic正确答案：D解析：语言的变体可以是词法、句法、音位方面的变化。

心理语言学是语言学的一个分支。

知识模块：语言与社会3．Which of the following is NOT the speech variety?A．Regional dialects.B．Sociolects.C．Registers.D．Discourse accents.正确答案：D解析：在社会语言学的研究中，人们对三种言语变体特别感兴趣，即：地域方言、社会方言和语域。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语音学和音位学)模拟试卷1(题后含

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语音学和音位学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．______is the study of the phonic medium of language.A．PhoneticsB．PhonologyC．PhoneD．Phoneme正确答案：A解析：语音学被定义为对语言的语音媒介的研究，它涉及所有出现在世界语言中的声音；音位学的研究目的是发现一门语言中的语音是如何形成的，这些语音是如何在语言交际中传达意义的；音素是—个吾音单元或音段，我们在交际中所听到和发出的语音都是音素；音位是—个具有区别性价值的抽象的单位，它不是任何—个特定的语音，而是由—个特定音素(phone)在一定语音语境中来表达或实现的。

知识模块：语音学和音位学2．Which of the following is NOT a branch of phonetics?A．Articulatory phonetics.B．Auditory phonetics.C．Acoustic phonetics.D．Articulate phonetics.正确答案：D解析：三个语音学的分支为发音语音学、听觉语音学和声学语音学。

其中发音语音学的历史最长，然而，声学语音学和听觉语音学中—些重要的事实已经被发现或证实了。

知识模块：语音学和音位学3．Which of the following is NOT the organ of speech?A．The pharyngeal cavity.B．The oral cavity.C．The nasal cavity.D．The vocal cavity.正确答案：D解析：人类发音器官包含在三个重要区域中：咽腔——喉咙；口腔——口；鼻腔——鼻。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语言与语言学)模拟试卷1(题后含答

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语言与语言学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following does NOT state how the linguist discovers the nature and the rules of the underlying language system?A．He has to collect and observe language facts.B．He has to display and then generalize some similarities of the language facts.C．He has to formulate some hypotheses about the language structure.D．He has to deal with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.正确答案：D解析：语言学家为了找出潜在的语言系统中的实质和规则，他须收集和观察语言事实，找出某些相似性并对其作出概括；然后，对语言结构进行某种假设，再对照所观察到的事实进行反复验证以充分证明它们的有效性。

知识模块：语言与语言学2．Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A．Arbitrariness.B．Productivity.C．Cultural transmission.D．Finiteness.正确答案：D解析：语言的区别性特征有五个：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性)，duality(双层性)，displacement(不受时空限制性)，cultural transmission(文化传递性)。

语言学全部习题

语言学全部习题1. 简答题（每题10分，共30分）1) 什么是语言学？语言学是研究语言的科学，包括语音学、词法学、句法学、语义学、语用学等不同的分支。

它关注语言的结构、用法、演变以及和思维、社会和文化之间的关系。

2) 语言的基本要素包括哪些？语言的基本要素包括语音、词汇、句法、语义和语用。

语音研究发音和音系，词汇研究词的形态和词义，句法研究语言的句子结构，语义研究词和句的含义，语用研究语言的使用和交际。

3) 语音学和音系学有何区别？语音学研究语言中的语音现象，包括语音的产生、传播和感知等方面。

音系学研究语言中的音素系统，即语言中所有可能出现的音位和它们的组合规则。

2. 选择题（每题10分，共40分）1) 下列哪个不属于语言的基本要素？A. 语音B. 词汇C. 句法D. 语文答案：D2) 以下哪个学科不是语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语用学C. 数学D. 词法学答案：C3) 语音学主要研究哪方面的内容？A. 词义B. 词形C. 词语的使用D. 语音的产生和感知答案：D4) 以下哪个不是语言学的研究对象？A. 词汇表B. 句子结构C. 语言和思维的关系D. 社会语言规范答案：A3. 简答题（每题10分，共30分）1) 什么是语言的演变？语言的演变是指语言在使用过程中，由于多种因素的影响，其语音、词汇、句法等方面发生变化和发展。

语言的演变是一个长期的、渐进的过程，涉及到语言交流者的语言习惯、语音产生的方式、语法规则的改变等方面的变化。

2) 语言和思维之间有何关系？语言和思维之间有密切的关系。

一方面，语言是人类思维的表达工具，通过语言的运用，人们能够将思维中的概念、情感和意图等传递给他人。

另一方面，语言也影响思维的方式和内容。

语言结构和词汇的差异会影响人们的思维方式，不同语言对概念的划分和认知方式可能会有所不同。

3) 什么是语言交际？语言交际指的是人们通过语言进行沟通和交流的过程。

语言交际包括语言的使用、理解和解释，以及交流中的非语言行为和语境等因素。

专业八级-语言学真题

Linguistics
2012 38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n) A. assimilation rule. B. sequential rule. C. deletion rule. D. grammar rule. 39. Which of the following is an example of clipping? A. APEC. B. Motel. C. Xerox. D. Disco. 40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is called A. register. B. dialect. C. slang. D. variety.
Linguistics
2010 38.____ refers to the learning and development of a language A. language acquisition B. language comprehension C. language production D. language introduction 39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “ ” in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym 40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” serves A. an expressive function B. an informative function C. a performative function D. a persuasive function

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语用学)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语用学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following statement concerning context is NOT correct?A．It was first noted by the British linguist John Firth.B．It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.C．It determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him.D．It is essential to the syntactic study of language.正确答案：D解析：语境这个概念由英国语言学家John Firth最先提出，一般认为它是由言者和听者的共享知识构成，它决定着言者对语言的运用和听者对他所听到话语的理解，它对语言的语用研究(而非句法研究)来说是必不可少的。

知识模块：语用学2．Which of the following is NOT correct?A．The meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized.B．The meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent.C．The meaning of a sentence is based on utterance meaning.D．Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.正确答案：C解析：句子的意思是抽象的、非语境化的，而话语的意义却是具体的、依赖于语境的。

语言学测试题及答案

语言学测试题及答案
1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？
A. 语言的起源
B. 语言的结构
C. 语言的使用
D. 语言的演变
答案：B
2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支？
A. 语音学
B. 句法学
C. 语义学
D. 心理学
答案：D
3. 请解释“语言”和“方言”的区别。

答案：语言是指具有独立语法和词汇系统的交流工具，通常与国家或民族相关联；方言则是语言内部的变体，通常与地域相关，但不具备独立的语法和词汇系统。

4. 什么是“音位”？
答案：音位是指语言中能够区分意义的最小语音单位。

5. 请列举三种语言的书写系统。

答案：汉字（汉语）、字母（英语）、西里尔字母（俄语）。

6. 以下哪个术语用于描述语言的演变？
A. 语言变化
B. 语言发展
C. 语言演化
D. 语言进化
答案：C
7. 什么是“词汇语义学”？
答案：词汇语义学是研究词汇意义及其变化的语言学分支。

8. 请解释“语法”。

答案：语法是一套规则，用于指导语言中单词的组合和排列，以形成意义完整的句子。

9. 什么是“社会语言学”？
答案：社会语言学是研究语言与社会结构、文化、身份和权力之间关系的学科。

10. 请列举两种语言的方言。

答案：普通话（汉语方言）、西班牙语（西班牙方言）。

专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1

专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following is NOT the correct relationship between language and culture?A. Language expresses cultural reality.B. Language embodies cultural identity.C. Language symbolizes cultural reality.D. Language determines cultural reality.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：文化是语言的内容，语言是文化的载体，语言能够表达文化、体现文化，也是文化的象征和标志。

语言不能决定文化。

2.In a broad sentence, culture includes ______.A. patterns of beliefB. customs, objects and institutionsC. techniques and languageD. all the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：文化，从广义上来说，是指一个民族的整体生活方式，包括信仰、习俗、物质、体制、技能、语言、价值观等。

3.According to linguists, there are two types of culture: the more concrete and observable______ and the more abstract and hiddenA. material culture, spiritual cultureB. national culture, local cultureC. spiritual culture, material cultureD. local culture, national culture（分数：2.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：广义上的文化包含内容甚广，主要可以划分为物质文化和精神文化两种类型，物质文化具体可见，而精神文化则抽象隐含。

2023专八语言知识练习题3篇

2023专八语言知识练习题3篇2023专八语言知识练习题3篇2023专八语言知识练习题一About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk____1____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. ____2____ The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their____4____ families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China wasexcluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. ____6 The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart.____10____答案详解1. 将 had used 改为 used。

第二章专八练习

语言学第二章专业八级练习题3. Of the following sound combinations, only is permissible.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk9. Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A. cat/batB. put/butC. jig/pigD. sit/bit11.If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are of the same phoneme.A. symbolsB. allophonesC. phonesD. signs18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are .A. homophonesB. homographsC. complete homonymsD. allophones30. Where are the vocal cords ?A. in the mouthB. in the nasal cavityC. above the tongueD. inside the larynx32._____ studies the sound systems in a certain language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Syntax39.Distinctive features are used to describe________ .A. phonesB. phonologyC. AllophonesD. phonemes40. The English word "untouchable" is composed of ____ morphemes .A. fourB. threeC. twoD. five42. “The Adam's Apple” is ____ . .A. a kind of appleB. related to AdamC. the front part of larynxD. on the top of larynx46. In the production of consonants at least articulators{发音器官}are involved.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four49. V oiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are .A. closedB. apartC. totally closedD. completely open51. involve more than one manners of articulation .A. StopsB. FricativesC. AffricatesD. Laterals52.Which is NOT true for the vowel [i] ?A. HighB. UnroundedC. MidD. Front55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in .A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamsC. the position of the tongueD. The shape of the lips56. studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted and received .A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhonemeD. Phonics57. sounds are produced with the back of the tongue and the soft palate.A. V elarB. PalatalC. GottalD. Alveolar59.Where is the primary stress of the word "phonology" ?A.phoB. noC.loD.gy60. refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. Locutinary actB. Illocutinary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act64.A (n) is the smallest unit of sound in a language , which can distinguish two words .A. morphemeB. soundC. phonemeD. allophone65. Productivity is one of the features of languages .A. distinctiveB. designC. SuprasegmentalD. pragmatic66. What is the common feature of the three sounds: [b], [p], [m] ?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. NasalD. Bilabial69. “voiced fricatives -> voiceless/ voiceless” is a .A. phonological ruleB. syntactic ruleC. phrase structure ruleD. functional rule73. Which of the following statements are NOT true for vowels?A. V owels are sonorants.B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.D. V owels are also called obstruents.74. All syllables must have a ____.A. codaB. onsetC. nucleusD. consonant75. Ikaps is not a possible word form in English due to ____.A. sonority scaleB. phonological ruleC. syntactic ruleD. morphological rule83. Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels?A The part of the tongue that is held highestB The openness of the mouthC The vibration of the vocal cordsD The shape of the lips87. If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substitution results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to be_____.A minimal pairB minimal setC distinctive phonemesD distinctive features92. Which of the following is not a Supersegmental feature?A. SyllableB. StressC. ToneD. V oicelessness97. Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial?A.［b ］B. ［m ］C.［p ］D.［f ］103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?A .［w ］ B. ［m ］ C. ［b ］ D.［p ］127. _____ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.A. Auditory phoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. Acoustic phoneticsD. Phonology128. /l/ is the only ____ in English.A. fricativeB. affricativesC. nasalD. lateral129. [f, v ] are both labiodentals and _______.A. nasalsB. fricativesC. affricativesD. alveolar130. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian .A. Otto JespersenB. Daniel JonesC. A. J. EillsD. A. M. Bell131. The Sound Patterns of English (SPE 1968) mainly deals with ____.A. multi-level phonologyB. non-linear phonologyC. super segment phonologyD. linear approach of phonology132. In Chinese Putonghua, only ____ can occur after the vowel.A. nasalsB. stopsC. lateralD. vowel答案：1.C2.A3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B 10.A11.B 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.D 23A. 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.D 29.B 30.D 31.B 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.D 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.B 51.C 52.C 53.B 54.C 55.B 56.A 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.A61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C 65.B 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.A 70.B71.B 72.A 73.D 74C 75.A 76.D 77.C 78.D. 79.D 80.A81.B 82.B 83.C 84.C 85.B 86.A 87.C 88.B 89.A 90.D91.A 92.D 93.D 94.A 95.B 96.A 97.D 98.A 99.C 100.A101.B 102.A 103.D 104.D 105.A 106.D 107.C 108.D 109.A 110.A 111.A 112.B 113.B 114.A 115.D 116.D 117.A 118.C 119.C 120.A 121.D 122.A 123.A 124.C 125.B 126.B 127.C 128.D 129.B 130.A 131.D 132.A 133.D 134.C 135.A 136.B 137.A 138.B 139.C 140.C 141.C 142.D 143.C 144.D 145.B 146.A 147.B 148.A 149.B 150A。

语言学练习题

语言学练习题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪一项不是语言学的主要分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语用学D. 心理学2. 语言学研究的是人类使用的哪种系统？A. 符号系统B. 数学系统C. 物理系统D. 化学系统3. 索绪尔是以下哪个学派的代表人物？A. 行为主义B. 结构主义C. 功能主义D. 形式主义4. 语言的任意性原则是由谁提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨皮尔5. 下列哪一项不是语言的二分性特征？A. 能指与所指B. 意义与形式C. 语言与言语D. 语音与语义6. 语言的同化现象主要发生在哪个层面？A. 词汇层面B. 语法层面C. 发音层面D. 文化层面7. 语言的转换生成理论是由谁提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 萨皮尔-沃尔夫假说D. 布隆菲尔德8. 下列哪一项不是语言的交际功能？A. 表达功能B. 信息功能C. 情感功能D. 娱乐功能9. 语言的普遍语法是指什么？A. 所有语言共有的语法规则B. 特定语言的语法规则C. 语言的发音规则D. 语言的词汇规则10. 语料库语言学主要利用什么来分析语言数据？A. 人工分析B. 计算机辅助C. 统计学方法D. 逻辑推理二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 语言学中的“能指”指的是语言符号的________。

12. 索绪尔将语言分为两个平面：________和言语。

13. 语言的任意性原则认为语言符号的________与其所代表的概念之间没有必然联系。

14. 转换生成语法认为语言能力包括________和________。

15. 语言的同化现象是指外来词汇在借用过程中逐渐适应________的发音规则。

16. 语言的交际功能包括表达、信息、情感和________。

17. 语言的二分性特征包括能指与所指、意义与形式、语言与________。

18. 语料库语言学是一种基于________的语言学研究方法。

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语言学练习题I. Introduction1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _______.A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community2. Language is _______.A. instinctiveB. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as ______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang5. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade” is ________.A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative6. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. InterpersonalB. EmotiveC. PerformativeD. Recreational7. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness8. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?------A nice day, isn’t it?------Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. Interpersonal9. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among language?A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. PrescriptiveD. Comparative linguistics10. ______ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole11. ______ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geographyB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguisticsII．Phonology1. Pitch variation is known as _____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonationB. toneC. pronunciationD. voice2. An aspirated P, an unaspirated p and an unreleased P are _______ of the P phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones3. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _________.A. gottisB. vocal cavityC. pharynxD. uvula4. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _____.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phonesD. allophones5. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A. [z]B. [w]C. [ɵ]D. [v]6. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A.[n]B. [m]C. [b] D [p]7. What vowel is different from others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. [i:]B. [u]C. [e] D [i]8. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant9. Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labiodental fricative?A. [f]B. [ɵ]C. [z]D. [s]10. _____ refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.A. Supersegmental phonologyB. IntonationC. ToneD. StressIII. Morphology1.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _______.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _______ morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational3. In English –ise and –tion are called ______.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. free morphemes4. Morphology is generally divided into two fields: the study of word-formation and _____.A. affixationB. etymologyC. inflectionD. root5. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and ______.A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. infixD. back-formation6. ______ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. AffixationB. Back-formationC. InsertionD. Addition7. The word TB is formed in the way of ______.A. acronymB. clippingC. borrowingD. blending8. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed”in the word “learned”is known as a(n) _______.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form9. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by ______.A. blendingB. clippingC. backformationD. acronym10. The stem of disagreements is ______.A. agreementB. agreeC. disagreeD. disagreement11. All of them are meaningful except for _______.A. lexemeB. phonemeC. morphemeD. allomorphIV. Syntax1. The Head of the Phrase “the city Rome” is _______.A. the cityB. RomeC. cityD. the city and Rome2. The phrase “on the shelf” belong to ________ construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate3. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves” is a ______ sentence.A. simpleB. coordinateC. compoundD. complex4. ________ is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics5. ______ does not belong to major syntactic categories.A. AuxiliaryB. NPC. ND. PP6. The criterion used in IC analysis is ______.A. transformationB. conjoiningC. groupingD. substitutabilityV. Semantics1.______ in a person’s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum form casual to formalaccording to the type of communicative context.A. Stylistic variationB. Ideolectal variationC. Social variationD. Reginal variation2. Cold and hot are a pair of ______ antonyms.A. gradableB. complementaryC. reversalD. converseness3. Bull: [BOVINE] [MALE] [ADULT] is an example of ________.A. componential analysisB. predication analysisC. compositionalityD. selection restriction4. The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word ______.A. is interpreted through the mediation of concept.B. is related to the thing it refers to.C. is the idea associated with that word in the minds of speakers.D. is the image it is represented in the mind.5. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a(n) ______.A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction6. Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or ______ which can not be determined by the context.A. homonymyB. antonymyC. meronymyD. synonymyI. 1-5 BBCAC 6-10 CCBDA 11CII. 1-5 ADADB 6-10 ABBAAIII. 1-5 AABCC 6-10 BACAD 11 BIV. 1-6 DBABADV. 1-6 AAAADA。