过去分词---高中语法
高中语法 过去分词做定语
B1m2语法过去分词作定语:
1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如:
My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
2、过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面。
例如:
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
3、如果被修饰的词是something ,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时,要放
在这些词的后面。
即使一个单一的分词,也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如:He is one of those invited.
Is there anything unsolved?还有没解决的问题吗?
4、及物动词的过去分词作定语表示动作的被动和完成,
abandoned farms废弃的农场
5、不及物动词的过去分词无被动含义,只表示动作的完成。
fallen leaves落叶
risen sun升起的太阳
6、有些过去分词失去了被动意义,用作形容词,表示“感到--的”,
disappointed children失望的孩子们
satisfied expression满意的表情
7、过去分词可构成合成词作定语
man-made satellite人造卫星。
高中英语语法—过去分词作状语讲义+练习题
过去分词作状语(1) 过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随和结果,相当于一个状语从句。
其逻辑主语为主句的主语,且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
a. 过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时,相当于时间状语从句。
可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等,使其时间意义更明确。
◆ Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.→When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.当从远处看时,这幅画似乎更美了。
◆ Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.→When he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.当被问到对教学工作的看法时,菲利普说他发现它既有趣又有意义。
b. 过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时,可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句,这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
◆ Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days.→Because I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days.由于担心考试,我这几天感到不安。
c. 过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时,可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
高中英语知识点归纳分词的用法
高中英语知识点归纳分词的用法分词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,它有着广泛的应用。
在高中英语学习中,掌握分词的用法对于学生的语言运用能力和阅读理解能力都有着极大的帮助。
本文将对高中英语中分词的用法进行归纳总结。
一、分词的定义分词是一种非常特殊的动词形式,它既有动词的特点,又具有形容词或副词的特点。
分词的形式有两种:现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed形式)。
在句子中,分词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
下面将分别介绍这些用法。
二、现在分词的用法1.作定语现在分词可以修饰名词或代词,表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如:a running horse(一匹奔跑的马)、a smiling child(一个微笑的孩子)。
2.作表语现在分词可以作为连系动词的表语,表示主语的特征或状态。
例如:She is amazing(她很令人惊叹)。
3.作状语现在分词可以修饰谓语动词,表示动作的方式、原因或时间。
例如:He left, crying(他边哭边离开)。
三、过去分词的用法1.作定语过去分词可以修饰名词或代词,表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如:a broken window(一个破损的窗户)、a written report(一份书面报告)。
2.作表语和状语过去分词也可以作为连系动词的表语,表示主语的特征或状态。
例如:The door was closed(门是关着的)。
过去分词还可以修饰谓语动词,表示动作的结果。
例如:She arrived, tired(她疲惫地到达了)。
四、分词的完成时态在句子中,分词还可以和助动词have、has、had连用,形成完成时态。
一般现在分词加上have/has构成现在完成分词,过去分词加上had构成过去完成分词。
例如:Having finished his homework, he went to bed(做完作业后,他去睡觉了)。
五、现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别主要在于时间和动作性质。
必修五Unit1-3语法:过去分词的用法
closed The boy sleeps with the door________. (close) closing I saw the boy _______ the door. (close)
宾语the boy, 与close主谓关系,宾补用现在分词。
宾语the door,与close构成动宾关系,用过去分词做宾补。
1. 分词做定语
closing The boy _________ the door is my brother.( close)
被修饰词the boy, 与close构成主谓关系,用现在分词。 I like the book ________ in English. (write) written 被修饰词the book, 与write构成动宾关系,用过去分词。 2. 分词做宾语补足语
4.作状语(说明事情发生的时间、 地点、条件、原因、方式、伴随动 作等情况)
1.过去分词作定语
• Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. • If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby. • the fallen leaves 落下的叶子 =the leaves that have fallen. • the completed building 竣工的楼房 =the building that was completed.
Usage:
1.作定语(在名词或代词前后,一般 情况下,单个在前,短语在后)
过 去 分 词
2.作表语(在be或联系动词之后,如 become; get; go; seem; remain; keep; look; feel; sound等) 3.作宾补(主+谓+宾+宾补,补充说 明宾语的性质或所处的状态)
过去分词的四种形式
过去分词的四种形式过去分词是英语中不可或缺的语法形式之一,常用于被动语态和完成时态,而其四种形式则在不同语境下略有变化。
下文将为您详细介绍这四种形式并提供实例,帮助您更好地理解和使用它们。
第一种形式:V-ed这种形式是最基本的过去分词形式,通常用来描述完成的动作或被动的事件。
例如:- The door was opened by him. –门被他打开了。
- She was not satisfied with the food served. –她不满意上菜的食物。
第二种形式:V-en这种形式较少用于被动语态,更多用于完成时态。
例如:- I have eaten breakfast already. –我已经吃过早餐了。
- The house has been taken down. –这座房子已经被拆除了。
第三种形式:V-t,V-ne这两种形式也属于过去分词形式,但不同于前两种形式,它们通常表示不同的语意和用法。
第三种形式中的V-t通常用于描述进行中的动作,类似现在分词的用法。
例如:- The boy was playing basketball in the park. –那个男孩正在公园里打篮球。
- She was practicing the piano for an hour. –她弹了一个小时的钢琴。
第四种形式中的V-ne则常用于被动语态和完成时态。
例如:- The tree has been shaken by the strong wind. –这棵树被大风摇晃了。
- My homework had been finished before dinner. –我在晚餐前已经完成了作业。
综上所述,掌握过去分词的不同形式对于学好英语语法和写作至关重要。
通过学习不同形式的用法和实例,我们可以更准确地表达自己的观点,提高自己的英语写作水平。
Unit2语法-过去分词作定语、表语、宾补、状语课件课件-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
难点突破: V-ed和V-ing形式作表语的区别?
1. The result of the final English test was
rather __d_i_s_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_i.ng
He was very _d_isapp__o_in_ ted at the result
of the final test. ( disappoint ) 2. The _f_r_ig_h_t_e_n_i_n_g___man with an ugly black
(Ved)
1. From her _______ look, I knew she was
unsatisfied.
A. disappointing B. disappoints
C. to disappoint
D. disappointed
2. Hearing the tiger's _______ voice, she was so ___________. A. scared, scared B. scared , scaring C. scaring, scared D. scaring, scaring
3. 形容词化的过去分词:
_a_m__a_z_e_d_,_s_u_r_p_ri_s_e_d_,___________ _s_c_a_r_e_d_,_w__o_rr_i_ed__, _d_is_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_e_d_, _ _e_x_c_i_te_d__, _d_e_li_g_h_te_d_,__p_le_a_s_e_d__, ___ __s_at_i_s_fi_e_d_, _m_o_v_e_d_,_d_e_v_o__te_d_,_.._. ___
名词过去分词构词语法
名词过去分词构词语法
过去分词(Past Participle)在英语语法中是一个非常重要的概念,尤其在
动词的时态和语态中。
过去分词有两种形式:规则形式和不规则形式。
1. 规则形式:大多数动词的过去分词都是规则的,其形式是在动词的末尾添加“-ed”。
例如,“write” 的过去分词就是“written”。
2. 不规则形式:有一些动词的过去分词是不规则的,它们的过去分词形式与动词的原形或过去式不同。
例如,“go” 的过去分词是“gone”,而不
是“goed”。
在语法上,过去分词通常用于完成时态(如“I have written the letter.”)和被动语态(如“The letter has been written by me.”)。
此外,过去
分词还可以用作形容词(如“a retired teacher”),或者在某些固定短语中(如“to be lost”)。
请注意,虽然过去分词在语法上很重要,但在日常口语和写作中,它有时可能与其他语法形式混淆。
因此,建议在练习中多加注意,以提高对过去分词的掌握和应用。
高中语法专题解析非谓语动词
高中语法专题解析非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语动词,具有名词、形容词和副词特征的动词形式。
在英语语法中,非谓语动词主要包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
本文将对非谓语动词的用法进行详细解析,并提供相关例句进行说明。
一、不定式不定式作为非谓语动词,一般形式为“to + 动词原形”,可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用。
1. 不定式作为名词用法不定式作为名词时,可以作为主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语或定语等。
例句:- To learn English well is my goal.(作主语)- His dream is to become a doctor.(作表语)- I want to buy a new car.(作宾语)- She is looking for a place to live in.(作介词宾语)- This is the book to study for the test.(作定语)2. 不定式作为形容词用法不定式作为形容词时,可以修饰名词或代词,并且位于被修饰词之后。
例句:- He has a lot of work to do.(修饰名词)- I have something important to tell you.(修饰代词)3. 不定式作为副词用法不定式作为副词时,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,并且位于被修饰词之后。
例句:- He came home to rest.(修饰动词)- The movie is too long to watch.(修饰形容词)- She worked hard to pass the exam.(修饰副词)二、现在分词现在分词以-ing结尾,作为非谓语动词时,可以表示一个主动或进行的动作。
1. 现在分词作为形容词用法现在分词作为形容词时,可以修饰名词或代词,并且位于被修饰词之前。
例句:- The running water is clean.(修饰名词)- She saw a crying baby.(修饰代词)2. 现在分词作为副词用法现在分词作为副词时,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,并且位于被修饰词之前。
过去分词的用法
重点语法:一、过去分词作表语:1、过去分词作表语并无完成或被动之意,而是表示主语状态或思想感情等。
例句:No wonder he is excited!He looked worried after reading the letter.When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.He seemed quite delighted at the idea.2、可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有:amused 愉快的 connected 连接的 broken 碎了的 closed 关闭的completed 完成的 astonished 吃惊的 covered 覆盖的 crowded 拥挤的delighted 高兴的 disappointed失望的 dressed 穿着的 drunk 喝醉的experienced 有经验的 gone 遗失的 lost 丢失的 worried 担忧的interested 有兴趣的 tired 劳累的 pleased 高兴的 satisfied 满意的surprised 吃惊的 married 已婚的 known 著名的例句:The children are really excited about going to the zoo.孩子们对去动物园都很兴奋。
(表示一种感受)His wound became infected with a new virus.他的伤口感染了一种新的病毒。
(表示一种状态)3、注意区分过去分词作表语和被动语态分词作表语表示主语的状态,被动语态则表示被动的动作。
例:My glasses are broken.My glasses are broken by my son.On the earth, 70% of the surface is covered with water.I was greatly surprised by the knock at the door.二、过去分词作定语:done作定语时,其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。
高中语法30讲 第27讲 过去分词
过去分词过去分词属于非谓语动词的一种。
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
本章是动词不定式,动词-ing形式内容的延续,除了介绍过去分词的用法和独立主格外,还将深入讲解这三类非谓语动词在用法上的区别。
典型例句:1.The concert given by their friends was a success.(过去分词作定语)他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
2.Yesterday I had my leg broken.(过去分词作宾补)昨天我的腿骨折了。
3.She is quite pleased with the design of the dress.(过去分词作表语)她很喜欢那件礼服的样式。
1.过去分词的用法规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则,需要逐一记忆。
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,在句子中起形容词或副词的作用,可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
此外,过去分词和动词-ing形式、动词不定式一样,在句子中都不能充当谓语,但保留了一部分动词性质,即它可以带自己的状语和宾语。
1.过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语的基本用法过去分词作表语表示主语的特征或所处的状态,主语通常是人。
作表语用的过去分词很大一部分都来自与人的情绪有关的动词。
A:How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这部新剧反应如何?B:They got very excited.他们非常激动。
A:How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样?B:Well,his father seems pleased with his results.哦,他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到满意。
She got very tired.她感到很疲劳。
2.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的,都是由“be+动词的过去分词”构成,有时很容易混淆。
高考英语 语法系列之过去分词不定式知识点分析
英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】1. 定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
如:Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2) 过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。
如:The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。
如:The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
3) 过去分词做状语:过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
如:Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
如:Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
高中英语过去分词用法详解
3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures., 且与主语 之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作 状语可表时间、原因、 让步、 结果、 方式、 条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3) If _tr_a_p_p_e_d_ in a burning building, you should send for help. 4) Although _s_h_o_t in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
二、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间
B. Seen
4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
__A__ from the space, the astronaut
can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _U_s_e_d_for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧. _U_s_i_n_g_ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用. _L_o_o_k_i_n_g_ at her, he jumped with joy. _L_o_o_k_e_d_at by her, he jumped with joy.
过去分词知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习
过去分词一.过去分词的构成和形式规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加-ed。
否定形式是在过去分词前加not。
过去分词只有一般式。
(1)Given enough care, the children can cooperate better.(2)Not treated in time, the injured woman died soon.二.过去分词的句法功能主要作表语、定语、补语、状语1.作表语过去分词作表语和系动词连用,构成系表结构表状态,此时的过去分词相当于形容词(1)I was amazed at the news.(2)I’m afraid you are slightly drunk.2.作定语单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语,放在修饰词的后面。
及物动词的过去分词作定语常常表示被动和完成,但不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成used books a written report cooked fooda book written by Lu Xunthe language spoken in that country(2)只表示完成a retired teacher the fallen leaves faded flowers3.作补语过去分词作宾补说明宾语的性质和状态,与宾语一起构成复合宾语,其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。
句子由主动变为被动时,宾补相应地变成主补(1)过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等词的后面①He passed away, leaving his works unfinished.②Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question.(2)过去分词用在使役动词have/get/make后①He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow.②Jenny found a good way to have her English improved in a short period.③They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.(3)感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find后①When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.②The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.(4)表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like,want,wish,expect,order后The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.(5)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey.4.作状语时间状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,伴随状语等(1)作时间状语可在句首,句尾,有时可置于主语和谓语之间①Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond.②The boy, asked about his address, didn’t respond.(2)作原因状语可在句首,偶尔见于句尾或句中①Infected with the H1N1,the little girl was separated from the other children.②The child behaves very well, well brough t up by his parents.(3)作条件状语①Given good health, I hope to finish writing the book this year.②Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful.(4)作方式或伴随状语①The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans.②The president entered the hall,accompanied by a group of leaders.特别提示:根据需要,过去分词前面可加上when,while,until,once,though,although,as long as,so long as, unless,as if,as though,even if,even though等①He will come if asked.②Unless spoken to, she won’t say a word.过去分词专练1.The boy was crying with the toy____________(break).2.____________(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.3.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained__________(stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.4.You’d better speak louder to make yourself___________(hear).5._________________(update) every day,our web can provide readers with the latest news.1. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time!2. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people____________(persuade) to eat more fruit.3. So far this year we ___________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.4. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________ (stay) in many worse hotels.5. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.—I think so. He ___________________ (prepare) for it for months.6. Unless extra money__________ (find), the theatre will close.。
人教版高中英语必修5 语法点睛:过去分词用法专题透析
语法点睛:过去分词用法专题透析
1. 分词的定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,
基本用法:
过去分词只有一般式没有完成式。
过去分词在意义上最主要特点是表被动,在时间上它可以表示多种关系:
(1) 表示已经发生的动作:
Born in a poor family, he could not go to school. 因生于贫穷家庭,他上不起学。
Built in 1501,the bridge is over 500 years old. 这座桥建于1501年,已有五百多年的历史。
(2) 表示经常性动作或泛指概念:
He is a man loved by all. 他是一个受大家爱戴的人。
The woman talked about is very rich. 人们经常谈论的那个女人很有钱。
【注】the woman talked about也可表示“已被人们谈论过的那个女人”。
(3) 表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的动作:
Asked why he came, he kept silent. 问他为什么要来,他一言不发。
He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的秘书。
(4) 表示现在或过去(当时)的状态:
The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind. 凶手被带了进来,双手被绑在后面。
高中英语语法之过去分词
③-ing 的被动式(正在进行的)being done The patient being operated on is Mr. Smith.
※ The patient having been operated on is Mr. Smith.(×) → The patient operated on is Mr. Smith.(√)
10.Well _b_e_g_u_n_ (begin) is half _d__o_n_e_ (do).
11.Whatever she said,she couldn't make herself _u_n_d_e_rs_t_o_o_d__ (understand). 12._S_p_o_k_e_n(Speak) English is different from _w_r_i_tt_e_n_ (write) English in many ways.
过去分词作定语 a.过去分词作定语 , 具有形容词的性质 。 一般来说 : 单个过去分词或adv.-p.p作前置定语 : He is a respected leader.
a recently-built house home-grown vegetables man-made fibers 过去分词短语作后置定语 : Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
13.Things __se_e_n__ (see) from a distance appear rather small.
高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词
高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词(总7页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面,使用时请删除本页-高中英语语法非谓语动词(三)过去分词非谓语动词(三)——过去分词(三)过去分词:1、过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。
被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。
注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。
作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
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过去分词规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词:1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了. The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休.3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.变化规则1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、不规则动词,见不规则表过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.过去分词作为定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.过去分词作为状语1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I ,即I 被再给一个小时.)(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.过去分词短语作状语修饰整个句子,其作用相当于状语从句。
表示时间、原因、条件、让步和伴随等情况。
①表原因Frightened by what he saw, he couldn’t say a word.= Because he was frightened by what he saw, he couldn’t say a word.= He was frightened by what he saw, so he couldn’t say a word.由于他所看到的情况使他很恐惧,一句话也说不出来。
Seen by the teacher, he had to stop. =Because he was seen by the teacher, he had to stop.被老师看见了,他只好停下来。
Badly hurt, Mary was given a lot of money.= Because she was badly hurt, Mary was given a lot of money.由于严重致伤,玛丽被支付了一大笔钱。
Noticed by the teacher, Kate rose from her chair.= As she was noticed by the teacher, Kate rose from her chair.由于被老师发现,凯特从椅子上站了起来。
当我们使用分词作状语时,要特别注意句子的逻辑主语与分词的关系.若动作是主语承受的,分词与主语的逻辑关系为动宾关系时,应使用过去分词表被动。
(相反,若动作是由主语发出的,分词与主语的关系为主谓关系,则使用现在分词表主动。
)②表时间Heated, water can be changed vapor.= When it is heated, water can be changed into vapor.水加热就可以变成蒸汽。
Brushed twice, his teeth became white and clean.=When they were brushed twice, his teeth became white and clean.刷了两遍之后,他的牙齿变的又白又干净。
③表条件Given more time and more money, we could have finished the work.= If we had been given more time and more money, we could have finished the work.如果当时给我们提供更多的时间和财力,我们就能够完成这项工作。
Seen from the church tower, the park looks more beautiful.= If it is seen from the church tower, the park looks more beautiful.站在教堂塔顶上,这座公园看上去更漂亮了。