(argumentation议论文
英语议论文argumentation
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Then in each paragraph that follows, you add something new and important to your argument.
The evidence you provide should be arranged
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A. From the least to the most important,
B. From the most familiar to the least familiar, and
C. From the easiest to accept or comprehend to the most difficult.
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An honest and friendly
attitude
accepting the validity of your opponent’s point of view; this increases your credibility and tells people you are informed and strong)
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Clear logic
A typical argumentative essay consists of three parts: an introduction which identifies the issue to be discussed and explains the importance of such a discussion; a body which presents the evidence; and a conclusion in which the proposition, if it is stated at the beginning, is reaffirmed.
英语二大作文类型
英语二大作文类型在英语写作教学中，二大作文类型通常指的是议论文（Argumentative Essay）和说明文（Expository Essay）。
这两种类型的作文在结构、目的和写作技巧上都有所不同。
1. 议论文（Argumentative Essay）议论文的目的是说服读者接受作者的观点或立场。
这种类型的作文通常包括以下几个部分：- 引言（Introduction）：介绍话题，提出论点（thesis statement）。
- 正文（Body）：包含几个段落，每个段落讨论一个支持论点的论据（evidence），并提供例证、数据或逻辑推理来支持这个论据。
- 反驳（Refutation）：讨论反对意见，并提供反驳这些反对意见的论据。
- 结论（Conclusion）：总结论点，重申立场，并可能提出对未来的展望或建议。
议论文要求作者有批判性思维能力，能够分析不同观点，并有效地表达自己的立场。
2. 说明文（Expository Essay）说明文的目的是向读者解释一个概念、过程或事件。
这种类型的作文通常包括以下几个部分：- 引言（Introduction）：介绍主题，并提出将要讨论的主要点。
- 正文（Body）：按照逻辑顺序组织信息，每个段落集中讨论一个主题或概念，并提供详细信息或例子。
- 结论（Conclusion）：总结文章的主要点，并可能提出主题的重要性或影响。
说明文要求作者能够清晰、准确地传达信息，使读者能够理解复杂的概念或过程。
无论是议论文还是说明文，写作时都应注意以下几点：- 主题句（Topic Sentence）：每个正文段落的第一句话应该清晰地表达该段落的主题。
- 段落结构：每个段落都应该有逻辑清晰的结构，包括主题句、支持句和发展句。
- 逻辑性：文章的论点和论据需要逻辑严密，避免跳跃和无关的内容。
- 语言准确性：使用正确的语法、拼写和标点符号，确保语言的准确性和专业性。
通过练习这两种类型的作文，学生可以提高自己的写作技能，更好地表达自己的想法，并有效地与读者沟通。
托福写作的论证方式
托福写作的论证方式托福写作的文体是argumentative essay (议论文)，所以在写作时，时刻要记住一个完整的论证就是论点+论据。
那么我们在写议论文时，有哪些论证方式呢?一般而言，常见的有5种。
一起来学习一下!托福写作的论证方式1. 举例论证：定义：列举确凿、充分，有代表性的事例证明论点。
通过列举典型事例，具体有力地证明了中心论点，增强了说服力。
这些事例可以是发生在我们平常生活中的小事，也可以是名人轶事，新闻报道或者历史事件。
举例的惯用表达:1) For example / For instance, ...2) A (具体) aptly illustrates B (抽象) = A is an apt illustration of B = To illustrate = As an illustration3) A case in point is ....4) The story of... best demonstrates this point5) T o pick / take... as an example 托福真题：Competition between friends always has a negative effect on their friendship.举例论证示范：Nevertheless, competition between friends does not necessarily put a dent in the friendship. On the contrary, friendship can be consolidated as long as friends help one another over the course of competition. A case in point is my niece who had a contest with his intimate friend Lucas. They both agreed that whoever obtained the lower score in the final exam of math had to buy a great present for the winner. During the preparation for the exam, they often shared useful materials and compared notes about some complicated problems. In the end, my niece did not perform as well as his friend Lucas, however, he still kept his promise and bought a PSP for Lucas. When asked the question whether this competition did damage to their friendship. My niece disapproved such statement and maintained that thecontest provided a wonderful opportunity to strengthen their friendship. Hence healthy competition of this kind is wholesome for friendship, indeed.2. 反面论证定义：从某个论点的对立面入手，通过证明它的错误来体现该论点的正确。
英语议论文写作Argumentativewriting
英语议论文写作ArgumentativewritingArgumentative writing (议论文)Title: Children under 15 should be banned from museums1.Introduction:Choice one: I believe that children under 15 should not be banned from museums.Choice two: Nowadays whether children under 15 should be banned from museums has triggered a heated discussion / debate among students. From where I stand, children under 15 should not be deprived of the right to visit museums.2.Reason one: some students really enjoy looking at great art.●Example one: I remember my own first wonderful visit to a museum.●Example two: My friend said she went to a super museum in Paris.Reason two: young students should be allowed to study art in museums.●Example one: Some students need to study art in museums.●Example two: Teachers can explain art to their classes.Reason three: visiting museums will enrich students’ knowledge and widen their horizons.3. Conclusion: In conclusion, children under 15 should not be banned from museums………………….I believe that children under 15 should not be banned from museums. Museums are great and valuable for children. It would be terrible to deny them the opportunity to go there.First, some children really enjoy looking at great art. I remember my own first wonderful visit to a museum. I was only 8, but I clearly remember looking at all the paintings inadmiration. Though I am older, I have never lost my love of fine art.Second, young students should be allowed to study art in museums. For example, some students need to study art for their exams. How can they do this if they are not allowed in a museum?I know from personal experience that looking at art close up is very different from seeing only a photograph.In conclusion, children under 15 should not be banned from museums. Instead, we should make full use of museums to teach children to love and respect art at an early age.Nowadays whether children under 15 should be banned from museums has triggered a heated debate among students. From where I stand, children under 15 should not be deprived of the right to visit museums.First and foremost, some students really enjoy looking at great art. Take my friend for example. She went to a super museum when she was a little child. It impressed her so much that now she has a job as an art teacher. Think how different her life might have been if she had never been to an art museum as a child.In addition, teachers can better explain art to their classes at a museum rather than in a classroom. It’s difficult for teachers to explain the different parts of a painting to students just from a small photo.Last but not least, visiting museums will enrich students’knowledge and widen their horizons. An exhibition of paintings and archaeological finds may act as a grand occasion for students. Making full use of the chance, children can fully appreciate works of art, and acquire a better knowledge of cultures in different times.In brief, I strongly recommend that children under 15 should not be banned from museums.。
argumentation英语作文范文
The Power of Argumentation in EnglishEssaysIn the realm of academic writing, the art of argumentation holds a pivotal position. It is not merely a technique to persuade others but a means to explore ideas, critically analyze them, and present a well-reasoned stance. The essence of argumentation lies in the careful balancingof claims, evidence, and logic to arrive at a convincing conclusion. This balancing act is particularly crucial in English essays, where the language itself often poses challenges due to its nuances and subtleties.The foundation of any argumentative essay is a clear, focused claim that the writer intends to defend. This claim should be stated explicitly in the introduction, settingthe tone for the entire essay. From there, the writer must build a robust framework by providing evidence thatsupports the claim. This evidence could be statistical data, quotes from experts, or anecdotal experiences thatillustrate the point. However, it is crucial to ensure that the evidence is relevant, credible, and sufficient to strengthen the argument.The art of argumentation in English essays alsoinvolves the careful manipulation of language. The writer must choose their words carefully, using precise vocabulary that conveys the intended meaning without ambiguity. Additionally, sentence structure and paragraph organization play a crucial role in maintaining the flow of the argument. Effective transition words and phrases help readers follow the thread of the argument, while well-structured paragraphs ensure that the essay remains focused and coherent.Moreover, argumentative essays require a certain degree of objectivity. The writer must present both sides of the argument fairly, acknowledging opposing viewpoints and addressing them with logic and evidence. This balanced approach not only enhances the credibility of the argument but also encourages critical thinking among readers.In conclusion, the power of argumentation in English essays lies in its ability to persuade, explore, andanalyze ideas in a clear, coherent, and objective manner.By mastering the art of argumentation, writers can convey their thoughts effectively, engage readers deeply, andcontribute to the larger discourse within their field of study.**中文翻译：****英语议论文中的论证力量**在学术写作领域，论证的艺术占据着核心地位。
英语四级作文专有名词
Argumentation是英语四级作文中常见的一种文体，通常要求考生根据所给的观点或现象，进行分析、辩证，提出自己的看法。在写这种作文时，考生需要有较强的逻辑思维能力，能清晰地陈述自己的观点，并能用恰当的论据和例子加以支持。
二、Narration（记叙文）
Narration是另一种常见的英语四级作文文体。这种文体要求考生根据所给的事件或故事情节，进行叙述。在叙述过程中，考生需要注意时间和事件的先后顺序，逻辑要清晰，并且要尽量生动详实地描绘事件的发展过程，让读者有身临其境的感觉。
五、Thesis statement（论文声明）
在英语四级作文中，论文声明是一个非常重要的概念。它要求考生在写作的最开始部分，对自己的立场或观点进行简要的表述。论文声明通常体现了考生在整篇文章中要表达的核心思想，因此要求考生在明确自己立场的同时，要简洁明了地表达出来。
六、Supporting evidence（论据）
在议论文中，论据是支持观点的重要依据。考生需要通过丰富的知识储备和逻辑思维，能够提供有力的论据来支持自己的观点，使文章更加有说服力。
七、Conclusion（结论）
在英语四级作文中，结论部分是整篇文章的收尾部分，也是表明作者观点的最终归宿。结论需要简洁明了地总结全文的核心内容，对全文进行概括，让读者对文章的主题有一个清晰的印象。
三、Description（描写文）
Description文体要求考生根据所给的人、物、地点等信息，进行描写。这种文体要求考生通过形象、生动的语言描绘出所给对象的形象和特征，让读者对所描写的对象有清晰而生动的印象。
四、Exposition（说明文）
Exposition文体要求考生对所给的问题或现象进行说明，通常需要考生能够分析问题或现象的原因、影响等内容，并能够用简练、明了的语言进行阐述。
英语实用写作argumentation范文
Sound Argumentation1.归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备展开攻击。
2.攻击逻辑错误。
3.concession。
Case 1:The argument is well-presented, but not thoroughly well-reasoned.By making a comparison of the city of, the city Wuhan with the higher speed limit and therefore automobile accidents, with the city of Beijing, an area of a lower speed limit and subsequently fewer accidents, the argument for reducing Wuhan’s speed limits in order to decrease accidents seems logical.However, the citizens of Wuhan are failing to consider other possible alternatives to the increasing car accidents after the raise in speed limit. Such alternatives may include the fact that there are fewer reliable car traveling the roads in Beijing, or that the age bracket of those in Wuhan may be more conductive to driving safely. It is possible that there are more younger, inexperienced, or more elderly, unsafe drivers in Beijing than there are in Wuhan. In addition,the citizens have failed to consider the geographical and physical terrain of the two different areas. Perhaps Wuhan’s highway is in an area of more dangerous curves, sharp turns, or has many intersections or merging points where accidents are more likely to occur. It appears reasonable, therefore, for the citizens to focus on these trouble spots than to reduce the speed in the entire area. Beijing may be in an area of easier driving conditions where accidents are less likely to occur regardless of the speed limit.Overall, the reasoning behind decreasing Wuhan’s speed limit back to its original seems logical as presented above since the citizens are acting in their own best interests and want to protect their safety. However, before any final decisions are made about the reduction in speed limit, the citizens and officials of Wuhan should evaluate all possible alternatives and causes for the increased number of accidents over the six-month period as compared to Beijing.Sample 2This loan applicant claims that a jazz club in X city would be a protfitable venture. To support this claim the applicant points out that X city has no other jazz clubs. He also cites various other evidence that jazz is popular among X residents. Careful examination of this supporting evidence, however, reveals that it lends little credible support to the applicant’s claim.First of all, if the demand for a live jazz club in X city were as great as the applicant claims, it seems that X would already have one or more such clubs. The fact that the closest jazz club is 65 miles away suggests a lack of interest among X residents in a local jazz club. Since the applicant has not adequately responded to this concern, his claim that the proposed club would be profitable is untenable.The popularity of X’s annual jazz festival and its nightly jazz radio show might appear to lend support to the applicant’s claim. However, it is entirely possible that the vast majority of festival attendees are out –of-town visitors. Moreover, the author provides no evidence that radio listeners would be interested in going out to hear live jazz. For that matter, the radio program might actually pose competition for the YY club, especially considering that the program airs during the evening.Nor does the mere fact that several well-know jazz musicians live in X city lend significant support to the applicant’s claim. It is entirely possible that these musicians perform elsewhere, perhaps at the club located 65 miles away. This would go a long way toward explaining why X does not currently have a jazz club, and it would weaken the applicants assertion that the YY club would be profitable.Finally, the nationwide study showing that the average jazz fan spends $ 1, 000 each year on jazz entertainment would lend support to the applicant’s claim only if X residents typify jazz fans nationwide. However, the applicant provides no credible evidence that this is the case.In conclusion, the loan applicant’s argument is not persuasive.To bloster it he must provide clearer evidence that X residents would patronize the YY club on a regular basis. Such evidence might include the following: statistics showing that a significant number of X residents attend the jazz festival each year: a survey showing that fans of X’s jaxx radio program would go out to hear live jazz if they had the chance: and assurances from well-known local jazz musicians that they would play at the YY if given the opportunity.。
argumentation议论文高职应用英语写作
议论文（Argumentation)是一种写作者就某个话题，某个问题，或某个事件发表自己 的看法，进行议论，分析，说明和论证，阐明自己的观点和主张的文体。议论文通过充分 的论证，影响读者的认知活动，说服读者就收作者的观点。社论，评论，书评，杂文对于 议论文的范畴。
论据是为论点服务的，是用来说明观点的事实或理论材料，在文章中起支持和 证明论点的作用。所以论据要典型真实，充分有力，针对性强，要与论点有本质的 内在联系。如果论据不真实，不充分，不能紧扣论点，就讲不清道理，没有说服力。
论证就是用一定的推理方法，用论据来证明论点的
过程。论证要求论据充分，合情合理，使论据与论点之 间具有内在的逻辑关系。论点与论据游击联系起来，构
一篇完整的议论文应包含论点，论据和论证。因此，鲜明的论点，确凿的证据， 严密的论证是议论文的三个基本要素。论点是作者对讨论问题所持的简介和主张。 中心论点是议论文的基本观点，它是全文的主旨和核心，在文章中起主导作用。分 论点是说明中心论点的论据，是为论证中心论点服务的。议论文的论点应该是正确，
鲜明并具有现实意义的。
a.Advertisement give up-to-date information about products.
b.If there was no advertising, consumers would only know about goods in their local shop. c.Advertising helps to sell to a bigger market. Therefore, as more goods are sold they are cheaper. d.Advertisements provide revenue for news-papers, etc. Against a.Advertisements do not give information, but they try to persuade us to buy. b.They create a demand for goods that are not really needed.
ArgumentativeEssay议论文一些说明
Let us read the sample essay on page
177, Should Examinations be abolished?
How to choose a topic for an Argumentative Essay
It should be narrowed down X Marijuana should be considered illegal.
Debate
Three boys/gentlemen and three girls/ladies will be chosen to do a debate on this topic:
Girls are better students than boys. Each team will be given time to organize
√ Considering its geopolitical role, we can clearly say that the EU cannot be without Turkey.
It should be a topic that can be adequately supported (with statistics, outside source citations, etc.)
Warm-up Activity
Let me tell you a simple situation. Ivan and Mindy are classmates and friends. Since the final exams are just around the corner, Ivan comes up to Mindy to borrow some notes because he missed writing some. Ivan says,
英语议论文argumentation
In the body, it is advisable that you devote the first one or two paragraphs to a consideration of the other side of the case before stating and amplifying your own views.
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Sufficient evidence
Sufficient evidence includes common knowledge; specific examples; hard, not soft, evidence, or facts, not opinions, unless the opinions are expert and authoritative; statistics; and quotations from authorities.
way to collect funds for social welfare projects. language is a tool for communication. My favorite food is fish. Pollution is harmful to people’s health.
Argumentation(1)议论文写作
Argumentation: Purposes
1. To convince other people to accept—or at least accept the validity of—your position 2. To defend your position, even if others cannot be convinced to agree 3. To question or refute a position you believe to be misguided, untrue, or dangerous without necessarily offering an alternative
Evidence: Different Kinds
• Authoritative (expert testimony): Not all opinions are equal. The opinions of experts are more convincing that are those of individuals with no specialized knowledge. In the end, what is important is not just the quality of evidence but also the credibility of the person offering it.
英文议论文写作 Argumentative Essay
transitional devices (connecting words) (4):
• 4. To show exception yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes • 5. To show time immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then • 6. To repeat in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted • 7. To emphasize definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
language
• To argue is not to quarrel. The force of an argument does not come from abuse, sarcasm or fierce attacks, but form solid evidence, logical reasoning and careful analysis. Therefore, not to anger your readers by referring to them or their opinions is rude or belittling terms. Don’t write, “everybody knows that…”, or “people with any intelligence agree that..” • Take care that you neither overstate or understate, and avoid using words like “perhaps”, “sometimes”, “I think” which invariably weaken the force of your argument.
英语高考应用文
英语高考应用文英语高考应用文主要包括议论文、说明文和应用文三个类型。
以下是这三种类型的应用文写作要点：1. 议论文（Argumentative Essay）：议论文是表达作者观点并论证支持或反对该观点的一种文体。
写作议论文时应包括以下要点：（1）提出观点：明确表达自己的立场或观点。
（2）列举理由：陈述支持自己观点的理由和证据。
（3）反驳反对意见：针对可能的反对意见，进行适当的反驳或回应。
（4）总结观点：总结自己的观点并强调其重要性及合理性。
2. 说明文（Expository Essay）：说明文旨在解释、阐述某一主题、问题或现象，并提供相关的事实和信息。
撰写说明文时应注意以下方面：（1）明确主题：确保文章围绕一个明确的主题展开。
（2）提供事实信息：列举有关主题的基本事实、数据和信息，以展示主题的特点和要点。
（3）结构清晰：按逻辑结构进行组织，确保文章内容连贯且易于理解。
（4）准确简明：表达清晰、简洁，避免使用模糊或不必要的词语，确保文字流畅、准确。
3. 应用文（Functional Writing）：应用文是指用于特定应用场合的、实用性强的文体。
常见的应用文有书信、邮件、广告、通知、告示等。
撰写应用文时需注意以下要点：（1）明确写作目的：确定所写文体的目的，例如是告知、请求、邀请还是建议。
（2）注意格式规范：根据不同的应用文类型，了解相应的格式要求及语言风格。
（3）清晰准确：简明扼要地表达写作目的，避免使用难以理解的词语或繁杂的句子结构。
（4）适当礼貌：对不同读者和不同场合，使用适当的礼貌用语或敬语，避免使用过于口语化的语言。
在高考英语应用文写作中，除了技巧和要点，还需要注意语法、单词拼写及语言表达等方面的准确性。
英语文学体裁分类方法与中文的异同
英语文学体裁分类方法与中文的异同中国文学体裁有7种，分别是诗歌，小说，散文，剧本，剧小说，寓言，通讯。
英语的体裁一共有四种，分别是narration 记叙文、argumentation 议论文、exposition 应用文、description说明文等。
1、narration 记叙文：
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。
2、argumentation 议论文：
议论文，又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。
作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。
议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。
3、exposition 应用文：
应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体，是国家机关、政党、社会团体、企业事业单位在日常工作、生活中处理各种事物时，经常使用的具有明道、交际、信守和约定成俗的惯用格式文体。
4、description 说明文：
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。
它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使
人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。
在英语中议论文和说明文都属于说明性的写作,两者的区别在于前者旨在阐明观点,而后者在于阐释明理。
六级作文的类型总结
六级作文的类型总结在六级英语写作中，常见的作文类型有议论文、说明文、图表作文、观点对比和观点阐述等。
下面将对这些作文类型进行详细的总结。
1. 议论文 (Argumentative Essay)议论文是最常见的六级写作类型之一，要求作者明确表达自己的观点，并用合理的论据和证据来支持自己的观点。
写议论文时，要注意以下几点：- 确定立场：明确表达自己的观点，可以选择同意或者反对某种主张。
- 提出论据：使用事实、数据或者合理的逻辑来支持自己的观点。
- 引用例证：可以引用名人名言、历史事件或者先进的科技来支持自己的立场。
- 针对反方观点：refute the counter-arguments，即针对反方观点提出反驳的论据。
- 结束段：在结束段中，可以再次明确自己的观点，并总结主要论据。
2. 说明文 (Expository Essay)说明文是对某一事物、问题或者现象进行解释和阐述的作文类型。
说明文与议论文的主要区别在于，说明文不需要明确的立场观点，而是要尽可能客观地以事实为依据进行论述。
写说明文时，要注意以下几点：- 清楚明确的主题句：一个好的说明文应该以一个明确清晰的主题句开篇，以引导读者阅读。
- 逻辑结构：说明文应该按照一定的逻辑结构，如时间顺序、因果关系、问题解决等进行组织。
- 例证和解释：使用具体的例子来支持自己的观点，并进行充分的解释。
- 注意语法和语言表达：说明文的表达应该简洁明了、用词准确，避免使用难懂的词汇和复杂的句子结构。
3. 图表作文 (Graph Description Essay)图表作文要求根据给定的图表、表格或者统计数据进行分析和描述。
写图表作文时，要注意以下几点：- 描述数据和趋势：首先要对图表中的数据进行描述和解释，包括特殊数字、最高/最低值、趋势变化等。
- 做比较：如果图表中有多个变量或者多组数据，可以进行比较分析。
比如说，X和Y之间的关系，不同地区/群体之间的差异等。
2.8.12.5议论文论证充分有力度
Introduction (the First Paragraph)
Animal testing is largely used in medical experiments today. Unfortunately, many animals are seriously harmed in the process. Even though animals have made a large contribution to modern medicine, animal testing should be stopped because it is immoral, unreliable, and unnecessary. (Thesis statement)
Outline of the essay: Ban on Animal Testing
Outline
Introduction
Thesis statement: Even though animals have made a large contribution to modern medicine, animal testing should be stopped because it is immoral, unreliable, and unnecessary.
Writing a successful Argumentative essay
Next, follow the outline to write the essay. And don’t forget the strategies to prove your viewpoint strongly.
Strategies which may help you win over the readers
英语议论文
• 1.Firstly，it is very convenient in daily life.There are many shops and supermarkets in a city.I can buy everything I need easily in these places.When I am sick，I can easily see a doctor in any clinic or hospital.Transport services are good in a city.when I want to go somewhere，I can take a bus，a train or something else.There are also many kinds of entertainment in a city.Public buildings（such as libraries）and parks can easity be found in a city， too.
大多数学生的英语议论文中心论点不鲜明，即使提出问题，答 案也往往模糊不清，令人费解，且对相反观点基本不作反驳或 抨击．不去直接驳斥相反的观点，而是间接地或是迂回地驳斥 对方的相反观点。西方人语篇思维特点是直线式的，即从主题 人手展开讨论，采用从一般到特殊的模式。中国学生的作文则 注重铺垫、烘托、含蓄委婉，其语篇思维模式迂回曲折，缺乏 直接性，有时要到文章末尾才会了解作者的意图所在，有时甚 至到了结尾还需读者自己去体会和归纳作者的论点。还有许多 学生对于文章所要论证的题目的认识不够深刻，因此论述不够 透彻或者是不够全面；甚至有些学生根本没有话说。大多数学 生的论证都或多或少存在有论证不够充分的问题。主要表现为 在论述过程中只在问题的一个点上来论述，围绕问题的一个方 面绕圈圈，而不是多方面，多角度地去论述问题，论述没有说 服力。还有些学生尽管能够多方面、多角度地看问题，去论证 论点，但是选择的论据与论点没有直接的关系，不能从根本上 论证所提出的观点。或者在论证上，语言空泛，没有具体的事 实或是理论上的论证。这样就造成论点缺少有力论据的支持， 使所要论证的观点不能使人信服。
argumentation英语写作议论文
Argumentation is the type of writing in which writers try to encourage readers to accept their point of view on a controversial issue. A piece of argumentative written work expresses the writer’s own idea on a subject instead of merely assembling facts.
Examination – Harmful or Useful? A My Views on Examinations E Which Weighs More – School Brand or Major? Why I Came to College E A Should Class Attendance Be Required? E Laid-off Workers Have to Face Reality Internet – the Indispensable of Our Life E Should Euthanasia (安乐死) Be Legalized? A
OR
The purpose is to win readers to your side. By showing respect for the merit in their position, you are decreasing readers’ resistance to your own position. Besides, it also proves that you understand that no arguable position is absolutely right.
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Group Competition
Find out the key words of the sentences. Bicycles are very popular around the world nowadays. People ride bicycles for exercise and enjoyment.
Summary of Argumentation
Exercise: 1. Read Text 1 and find out the topic sentences or summarize the main idea of each paragraph Para 1 : Honesty is one of the most treasured traditional values in China. Para 2: With the development of society, we often hear complaints about dishonesty. Para 3: Dishonest people can get benefit sometimes, but they will surely be disclosed and punished. Para 4: Dishonest people will become infamous, while only honest people will earn respect and trust.
Summary of Argumentation
Step 2: Writing a Summary Read the passage and decide what kind of article it is. (argumentation议论文 议论文, (argumentation议论文, narration 记叙文,exposition说明文) 记叙文,exposition说明文) ,exposition说明文 Find out the topic sentences or summarize the main idea of each part Write it in the third person
Exercise: 2. Fill in the table about the main idea of Text Writer’s1 Honesty is one of the most treasured
View Negative Point Positive Point traditional values in China. If a person is dishonest, he benefit will get ______disclosed be but will punished _______ and _______. An honest person will earn respect trust ______ and _______.
Summary of Argumentation
When summarizing, use the following skills
omit (忽略) the details (忽略 忽略) (重复 重复) omit the repetitions (重复) omit the examples Use general words instead of specific words Use the shortest possible transitions (but, then, thus, yet…) Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech
Group Competition
As computer games get to look more lifelike, it seems that their violence is influencing the real life. It is reported that some dozens of children have been murdered Байду номын сангаасince 1997, which has been (着迷 着迷) linked to and obsession (着迷) with violent video games.
Summary Writing
(Argumentation)
Group Competition
Find out the key words of the sentences. A confident person is someone who is sure that he or she can do something or deal with a situation successfully.
Change the Patterns of the Sentences
The company fired the young man last week. 1.The company laid off the young man last ______ week. 2. The young man was fired last week. ________
Summary of Argumentation
Attention: Don’t copy sentences in the passage! Use other words or phrases that have the same or similar meanings Use different sentence structures to express the same idea
Group Competition
Find out the key words of the sentences. When we are committed to something , it means that no matter how painful or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to face it and work it through rather than run away from it.
Change the Patterns of the Sentences
It is important for all of us to learn a foreign language. Learning 1. ________ a foreign language is important for all of us.
Change the Patterns of the Sentences
Professor Zhang is talking on the phone. It is that/who 1. ______ Professor Zhang _______ is talking on the phone. making 2. Professor Zhang is _______ telephone calls.
Summary of Argumentation
Step 3: Summary Skills of an argumentation
Summary form of an argumentation (议论三步法) 议论三步法) Contention论点 Contention论点 Talking Point Positive & Negative 正面论据、 论据 正面论据、反面论据 Conclusion结论 Conclusion结论
Group Competition
Find out the key words of the sentences. Every year 2.2 million tons of oil are put into the ocean and this oil has terrible effects on ocean life.
to a new one where they have to build a newnewself.
Summary of Argumentation
Step 1: The requirements of the task writing Fast reading and then summarize it (about 30 words) Voice your opinion (about 120 words)
Group Competition
Find out the topic sentence of the passage. To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor. You must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker with a good, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear.
Group Competition
Find out the topic sentence of the passage. As we said before, you can’t be sure that the person you’re chatting with online is what he/she claims to be. Remember that there are a lot of hunters online. They can be charming and friendly, but may actually be looking for a victim that would let out personal information to them. So don’t give your real name, phone, address, or exact location to anybody online.