2020版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版(浙江)语法专题第四部分 专题3
2020届高考英语(外研版)一轮复习必修4学案 Module 4 Great Scientists
(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．biochemistry n．生物化学2．botany n. 植物学3．genetics n. 遗传学4．zoology n. 动物学5．nickname n. 绰号6．breeding n. 培育7．species n．[纵联1](动物或植物的)种8．yield n. 产量9．hybrid n. 杂交种10．best-seller n. 畅销书(或唱片等) 11．relativity n. 相对论12．rocket n. 火箭13．millennium n. 千年14．gunpowder n. 火药15．arrow n. (弓)箭Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．leading adj.主要的2．figure n. 人物3．publish v t.出版4．breakthrough n．[纵联2]突破5．support v t.支持6．convert v t.改变；转换7．replace v t.取代；以……代替8．victim n. 受害者9．partly ad v.部分地；在一定程度上10．escape v i.逃跑；逃避；逃脱11．clear v i.(烟雾)消散12．quantity n．[纵联3]数量13．quality n. 质量14．staple adj.主要的；重要的15．brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的16．biology n. 生物学Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．producer n．生产者→produce v t.生产→production n．生产；产量→product n．产品2．educate v t.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者→educated adj.受过教育的→educational adj.教育的3．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的4．original adj.原来的；最初的→origin n．起源→originate v i.起源5．export v t.出口→(反义词) import v t.进口[纵联4]6．brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly ad v.简短地；简洁地7．graduate v i.毕业n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业8．personal adj.个人的→personally ad v.就个人而言→personality n．个性；性格9．explode v i.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸；爆炸声纵联1.以-s结尾的单复数同形名词①species(动物或植物的)种②series系列③means方法④crossroads十字路口⑤remains剩余物⑥works工厂⑦arms武器⑧papers论文纵联2.“v.＋adv.”合成名词大观园①breakthrough突破②breakdown故障；破损③break-up破裂；瓦解④takeaway外卖食物⑤warm-up热身运动⑥get-together联欢会；聚会纵联3.“数量”有很多①quantity数量②amount数量③number数量④mass大量⑤plenty大量⑥abundance大量纵联4.“经济生活”常用到①export出口②import进口③invest投资④bid出价；投标⑤distribute分配；分布⑥discount打折单元话题——伟大的科学家子话题1各类科学家①physicist n．物理学家②astronomer n．天文学家③chemist n．化学家；药剂师④technologist n．技术专家⑤mathematician n．数学家⑥biologist n．生物学家⑦inventor n．发明家⑧geographer n．地理学家⑨zoologist n．动物学家⑩botanist n．植物学家子话题2工作职责与资格①certificate n．证明；证(明)书②qualification n．资格；学历③qualify v t.&v i.(使)具有资格④invent v t.发明；创造⑤qualified adj.有资格的⑥responsibility n．责任；负责⑦undertake v t.承担；从事；负责⑧charge v t.负责；主管[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1．(2018·江苏高考阅读C) If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture❶，small farmers can get the best of the major❷players.By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC，美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming❸the industry.①写出agriculture的形容词形式：agricultural。
2020版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义：Book 3 Unit 4
2019年4月基础知识默写(学生用书251～252页)1.system n.系统；体系；制度systematic adj.系统的；有规则的2.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的3.theory n.学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的4.globe n.球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的5.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n.暴力6.atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7.unlike prep.与……不同；不像8.harmful adj.有害的9.exist v i.生存；存在existence n.存在；出现10.puzzle v t.& v i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题puzzled adj.困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的11.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的12.climate n.气候13.pull n.& v t.拉(力)；拖；牵引力14.atom n.原子15.billion n.十亿16.carbon n.碳17.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的18.chain n.链子；连锁；锁链19.multiply v i.& v t.乘；增加20.oxygen n.氧21.biology n.生物学22.gravity n.万有引力；重力23.satellite n.卫星24.physicist n.物理学家physics n.物理学physical adj.物理的；身体的25.float v t.& v i.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物26.in time及时；终于27.be harmful to/do harm to对……有害y eggs下蛋29.give birth to 产生；分娩30.in one’s turn轮到某人31.prevent...from 阻止；制止32.depend on依靠；取决于33.block out挡住(光线)34.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋35.get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解36.break out突发；爆发37.watch out for密切注意；当心；提防38.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一个连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。
新人教版浙江专版版高考一轮复习语法贯通讲义英语
[编写说明] 语法知识零碎、规则多、变化繁，怎样复习才高效？在同步学习小语法的基础上，一轮复习应高屋建瓴巧整合，明规则、总规律，让考生知其然更知其所以然；应该明考点、知考向，针对努力攻重点。
本书以专题为编排单位、以考点为突破口，采用讲练结合的方式，做到点点突破、省时高效。
语法奠基课一学会划分句子成分是学好语法的必备技能目前的英语教学往往存在对句子成分不够重视的问题，以至于不少考生在这方面比较薄弱。
殊不知正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好英语的必备基础，这不仅对语法填空的解答有直接的影响，而且对写好作文、理解完形填空和阅读理解中出现的长难句有重要意义。
众所周知，句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
英语中的句子成分分为主语subject、谓语predicate、宾语object、表语predicative、定语attribute、状语adverbial、补语complement和同位语appositive八种，它们就像佛教中的八大护法金刚，各司其职，共同呵护着英语这个“极乐世界”。
一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。
主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。
但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后或省略。
能够充当主语的主要有名词（短语）、代词、数词、动名词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）和从句等。
[例１] （２0１7·浙江１１月高考语法填空）．..and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, ________ means you'll just keep getting better and better.[分析] which 空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当主语，且指代前面整个主句的内容，故应填关系代词which。
(浙江专用)2020版高考英语大一轮新优化复习考点强化练39Unit4Pygmalion新人教版选修
Unit 4 PygmalionⅠ.阅读理解(2021·浙江杭州教学质量检测)The day started out joyously.Jeannie and Steven Kelley took their twin boys,Kaden and Isaac,to church.Afterwards,the family and some of their relatives got together at Kelley’s home to have a meal,and then some fun in the family’s swimming pool.As the party wrapped up,family members moved inside.The adults put on a performance,chatted and said their goodbyes.But in all the commotion,no one remembered to lock the door to the pool area.It was a simple mistake that could have cost the family dearly!The twins’ 6-year-old cousin,Branson,noticed his little sister wandering around outside.So,he went out to ask her to come in.And that was when the little boy saw a terrifying sight.He spotted the 2-year-old twins facedown in the pool!The adults came running outside when they heard Branson’s frightened cries for help.And they couldn’t believe what they saw when they got out there.Branson not only pulled the twins out of the water,but he began CPR (心肺复苏) as well.He’d seen hi s mom perform CPR before,and just copied what he’d seen.“He said he just dived in,〞Branson’s mom,Courtney,said.“All he knew was that he had to try to save them.It was a miraculous (奇迹的) thing to know that at 6 years old he didn’t just scream and run away.He didn’t just ignore it or stand there in shock.He immediately acted.〞Steven began performing CPR on his sons while Courtney called 911.Thirty seconds passed and then Kaden and Isaac started coughing up water and breathing.When emergency responders arrived,they airlifted the boys to the hospital by helicopter.And amazingly,they were already showing signs of improvement.Doctors couldn’t believe it.They told Jeannie and Steven such accidents usually ended in brain death.But Kaden and Isaac were absolutely fine!The couple was incredibly grateful to the boys’ heroic cousin,Branson.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。
2020版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义：Book 4 Unit 1
2019年4月基础知识默写(学生用书255～256页)1.achievement n.成就；功绩achieve v.达到；完成anization n.组织；机构；团体organize v t.组织；成立organized adj.有组织的；有条理的3.behave v t.& v i.举动；(举止或行为)表现behavio(u)r n.行为；举止；习性4.shade n.荫；阴凉处v t.遮住光线5.observe v t.观察；观测；遵守observation n.观察；观测6.respect v t.& n.尊敬；尊重；敬意respectable adj.可敬的respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的7.argue v t.& v i.讨论；辩论；争论argument n.争论；争辩；争吵8.crowd n.人群；观众v t.挤满；使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的9.inspire v t.鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n.鼓舞；灵感10.support n.& v t.支持；拥护supporter n.支持者；拥护者11.refer v i.谈到；查阅；参考reference n.参考；涉及12.intend v t.计划；打算intention n.计划；打算13.deliver v t.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)delivery n.传送；讲演方式14.welfare n.福利；福利事业15.project n.项目；工程；规划16.specialist n.专家；专业工作者17.worthwhile adj.值得的；值得做的18.nest n.窝；巢19.outspoken adj.直言的；坦诚20.entertainment n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演21.audience n.观众；听众；读者22.rate n.速度；比率23.emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况24.generation n.一代；一辈25.modest adj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的26.considerate adj.考虑周到的consideration n.考虑；体谅considerable adj.相当大(多)的27.campaign n.运动；战役v i.作战；参加运动28.devote...to...献身于……；专心于……29.move off离开；起程；出发30.work out解决；算出；弄懂；结果是31.lead/live a...life过着……的生活32.crowd in(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海33.look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起34.refer to查阅；参考；谈到35.by chance碰巧；凑巧36.c-o/me across(偶然)遇见；碰见37.carry on 继续；坚持38.Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩。
2020版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义：Book 7 Unit 4
2019年4月基础知识默写(学生用书291～292页)1.muddy adj.泥泞的；泥土般的mud n.泥2.weekly adj.& ad v.每周(的)3.relevant adj.有关的；切题的4.remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的5.adjust v i.& v t.调整；(使)适合adjustment n.调整；适合adjustable adj.可调节的6.participate v i.参加；参与participation n.参加participant n.参加者7.otherwise conj.否则；不然ad v.用别的方法；其他方面8.arrangement n.安排；排列arrange v.安排9.donate v t.捐赠donation n.捐赠10.voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的volunteer n.志愿者v.自愿做11.anniversary n.周年纪念(日)12.seed n.种子；萌芽13.political adj.政治的；政党的politics n.政治politician n.政治家14.distribute v t.分配；分发distribution n.分配；分发；分布状态15.operate v i.工作；运转v t.操作operation n.运转；手术operator n.操作员16.fortnight n.两星期17.concept n.观念；概念18.platform n.台；平台；讲台；月台19.sniff v.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸20.privilege n.特权；特别优待21.astronaut n.宇航员；太空人22.angle n.角；角度23.catalogue n.目录24.purchase v t.& n.买；购买25.trunk n.树干；躯干；大衣箱26.clinic n.门诊部；小诊所27.click v i.& v t.(使)发出咔嗒声n.咔嗒声28.security n.安全；保护；保障secure v t.使安全；保卫adj.安全的29.hear from接到……的信30.(be) dying to极想；渴望31.up to到达(某数量、程度等)；取决于32.the other day不久前的一天33.be relevant to与……有关34.participate in参加，参与35.dry out(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透36.dry up(指河流、井等)干涸37.in need在困难中；在危急中38.Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.有时我在想化学和这些学生有何关联，反正8年级之后他们中的大多数会回到他们的村子里(生活)。
2020版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义：Book 4 Unit 4 含答案
基础知识默写(学生用书261～262页) 1.statement n.陈述；说明state v t.陈述；说明2.represent v t.代表；象征representative n.代表adj.有代表性的；典型的3.curious adj.好奇的curiosity n.好奇4.approach v t.& v i.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途径5.cheek n.面颊6.defend v t.保护；保卫defence n.保卫；防御7.major adj.主要的majority n.大多数8.misunderstand v t.误解；误会misunderstanding n.误解；误会9.adult n.成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的10.spoken adj.口语的11.likely adj.可能的12.function n.作用；功能；职能v i.起作用；运转13.ease n.安逸；舒适v t.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)easy adj.容易的14.truly ad v.真实地；真诚地；真正地true adj.真的15.greet v t.& v i.迎接；问候；映入……的眼帘greeting n.问候；迎接16.association n.社团；联系；联想associate v t.联系；联想17.dormitory n.宿舍18.canteen n.食堂19.flight n.飞行；航班20.crossroads n.十字路口21.facial adj.面部的22.false adj.错误的；假的23.fist n.拳头24.yawn v.打呵欠25.hug v.拥抱26.rank n.等级；军衔27.subjective adj.主观的objective(反) adj.客观的28.cassette n.磁带29.put up 举起；升起；搭建；留宿30.on the contrary 相反31.in general总的来说；通常32.agree with同意33.defend...against/from防御；保卫……以免受34.at ease舒适；快活；自由自在35.lose face 丢脸36.turn one’s back to背对；背弃37.as well as和……一样好；而且；也；和38.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
2020版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版(浙江)话题Unit 3
Ⅰ.单词拼写1.From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude(态度) of the leader can affect the members of a team.(2018·天津)2.The average(平均的) number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018·全国Ⅰ)3.According to the data referred to，the local people were to blame(责备).4.He strongly resembles his father in character(性格).5.Learning roller skating as a beginner and falling down from time to time in the central square where people give you curious looks，really needs courage(勇气).6. The house has many interesting features(特点).The one I like best is a large Victorian fireplace.7.The higher rating means the higher quality(质量) of the product，or better service.(2018·江苏)8. Even though she had to compete against many competitors, she stayed positive(积极的).9.The car shaped(塑造) some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.(2018·浙江)10.Drunk driving is unforgivable for ordinary(普通的) people，let alone public figures.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.His appearance(appear) was different from what I’d expected.2.Arts activity(active) demands a joint effort.It involves creation，performance，and promotion.3.The application(apply) of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.(2017·江苏)4.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction(attract).5.The floors of all campus buildings(build) are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.(2018·天津)6.Although many have spoken out against this “blood sport”，bullfighters(斗牛士) are highly respected for their strength，skills and bravery(brave).7.Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to lower self-identity and confidence(confident).(2018·江苏)8.Because of the confusion(confuse)，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.(2017·天津)9.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight(weigh) as they get older.10.When the huge earthquake hit Wenchuan and other areas in Sichuan，the Chinese government’s honesty(honest) and openness about the disaster won the respect and aid of many Western countries.Ⅲ.选词填空laugh at，set an example to，in rags，make fun of，find fault with，lose patience1.His grandmother likes finding fault with others who talk with her on the spot.2.Days later，we made an offer—far below the asking price.Surprisingly，they didn’t laugh at us.3.As time went by，he gradually lost patience，becoming easily angry.4.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.(2017·全国Ⅱ)5.Recently，with her extraordinary act of kindness，a teenage girl in the US has set an example to others of her age around the world.6.The little boy in rags cast his eyes on a cake in the shop window and his mouth was watering. Ⅳ.同义词语替换1.A generation of children risked growing up worried about their looks and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms.(2018·江苏)appearance2.TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children，who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学).(2017·北京)appealing3.He was a man of medium height，his eyes shining with joy.average4.She was a courageous and determined girl with rich imagination.brave5.After what seemed like a safe amount of time，I read the poem again and was puzzled.(2016·上海)confused6.She tries to keep healthy by jogging every day.fit7.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.(2018·全国Ⅲ)tough8.Eventually，she was exhausted with hard work and could not put up with it any more.worn outattitude n.态度；看法；姿势(1)She shows a very positive attitude to/towards her work.(2)What are the attitudes of the students?(3)How did he do the job in such an attitude?(1)An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term.(2)The team found that flowers kept away from the sun had leaves that were 10 percent smaller on (an/the) average(平均).(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)[熟词生义]选择句子中average的汉语意思(3)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person. AA.普通的B.典型的C.平均的易错点拨“an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
2020版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义：Book 8 Unit 4
2019年4月基础知识默写(学生用书301～302页)1.adaptation n.适应(性)；改编本adapt v t.(使)适应；改编2.hesitate v i.犹豫；踌躇hesitation n.犹豫；踌躇3.troublesome adj.带来麻烦的；使人心烦的4.outcome n.结果；效果5.mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的mistake v t.弄错；误解n.错误；过失；误会6.classify v t.把……分类；把……归类7.condemn v t.谴责；使……处于不幸(不愉快)的状态8.handful n.一把；少量9.remark n.谈论；言论；评述v t.& v i.谈论；评论；说起10.fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的11.status n.身份；地位；职位12.superior adj.优秀的；较高的；上级的n.上级；长官13.rob v t.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺robber n.强盗robbery n.抢劫14.musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧musician n.音乐家15.overlook v t.俯视；忽视；不理会16.effective adj.有效的effect n.影响；效果17.classic adj.经典的；第一流的n.经典著作18.whistle v i.吹口哨；发出汽笛声n.口哨声；汽笛声19.antique n.文物；古董；古玩adj.古时的；珍贵的20.acquaintance n.相识；了解；熟人acquaint v t.使认识；使了解21.plot n.情节；阴谋22.extraordinary adj.不同寻常的；非凡的23.shabby adj.破旧的；寒酸的24.referee n.裁判员；仲裁者25.c-o/mpromise n.& v i.妥协；折衷26.fade v i.& v t.(使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失27.disgusting adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的disgusted adj.厌恶的；厌烦的disgust v t.使作呕；使厌恶n.作呕；厌恶28.pass...off as...(把某人)改变或冒充成……29.make one’s acquaintance结识；与……相见30.generally speaking一般来说31.in terms of...就……来说；从……角度32.rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物33.in amazement震惊；惊讶34.show...in带或领……进来35.once more再一次36.in need of...需要……37.fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡38.Will that be of any use to you? 那对你有用吗？39.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.亨利·希金斯与皮克林上校正坐着进行深入的交流。
2020版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义：Book 5 Unit 4 含答案
基础知识默写(学生用书271～272页) 1.delighted adj.快乐的；欣喜的delight v.使高兴n.快乐2.assist v t.帮助；协助；援助assistant n.助手；助理；售货员assistance n.援助；协助3.concentrate v i.& v t.集中；聚集concentration n.专心4.assess v t.估价；评定；评估assessment n.评估；评定rm v t.告知；通知informed adj.见多识广的information n.信息6.meanwhile ad v.其间；同时7.accuse v t.指责；谴责；控告accusation n.指责，谴责；控告8.guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的guilt n.罪行9.demand n.需求；要求v t.强烈要求demanding adj.要求很高的；费力的10.gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的gift n.天赋；礼物11.crime n.罪行；犯罪criminal n.罪犯adj.犯罪的12.senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的13.approve v t.赞成；认可；批准approval n.赞成；认可14.process v t.加工；处理n.过程；程序；步骤15.appointment n.约会；约定；任命appoint v t.任命；委派appointed adj.指定的；约定的16.journalist n.记者；新闻工作者17.colleague n.同事18.deadline n.最后期限，截止日期19.deliberately ad v.故意地20.dilemma n.(进退两难的)困境；窘境21.section n.部分；节22.admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的admiration n.钦佩；赞扬23.accurate adj.精确的；正确的；准确无误的accuracy n.精确(性)，准确(性)24.acquire v t.获得；取得；学到acquisition n.获得25.technical adj.技术(上)的；技巧方面的technically ad v.技术上；工艺上26.thorough adj.彻底的；详尽的27.profession n.职业；专业professional adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员28.chief adj.主要的；首席的n.首领；长官29.be eager to do...渴望做……30.concentrate on集中；全神贯注于31.have a good nose for对……敏感rm sb.of sth.通知某人某事33.keep/bear in mind记住34.depend on/upon依靠；依赖35.accuse...of因……指责或控告……36.so as to (do sth.)为了(做)……37.ahead of在……前面38.pass...on to把……传给……39.Never will Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家知名的英语报社上班的第一项工作任务。
2020版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版(浙江)话题Unit 4
Ⅰ.单词拼写1.But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure(冒险) again.(2018·天津)2.The industry has also taken aim(目标) at the product that has appeared as its replacement.(2018·浙江) 3.The proposal attempts(尝试) to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles.(2017·天津)4.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid(避免) ever climbing at all.(2018·天津)5.If you are a student studying the arts，chances(机会) are you have been ill-advised to have a planB.(2018·江苏)6.It is well worth making an effort(努力) to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.7.I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged(鼓励) us not to lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were in trouble.8.In view of his educational background and experience(经历), no one doubts his suitability as a leader.9.It found many youngsters now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online，often through “likes”.(2018·江苏)10.Though he had tried to overcome(战胜) his shyness, he didn’t make it in the end.11.For this purpose(目的)，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.(2018·全国Ⅱ)12.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial struggle(挣扎)，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.(2018·江苏)Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.What I saw was completely(complete) unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.(2017·全国Ⅰ)2.J.K.Rowling donates 30 million to help the disadvantaged(disadvantage) children.3.Children became increasingly anxious(anxiety) about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.4.At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so confident(confidence) about her skills.5.He was disabled from birth，but he never felt frustrated.Nor did he give in to any difficulty(difficult).6.A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.(2017·江苏) 7.For this courier job，you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially(potential) going to save somebody’s life.(2016·全国Ⅰ)8.Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding(reward) parts of our lives.(2016·四川)9.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition(ambitious)，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018·浙江)10.A successful(success) arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应) throughout a community.(2018·江苏)Ⅲ.选词填空fight for，lose heart，go through，make progress，reach a compromise1.Children should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what they are expected.2.This generous love，encourages people all around the world to fight for the well-being of all people fearlessly.3.You will never know what she went through to educate her children.4.It was my English teacher who encouraged me not to lose heart when I was faced with difficulties in my English learning.5.To make progress at a reasonable rate，you’ll need to commit at least an hour a day to practice the piano.turn out，pay off，stick to，take pains to，make up one’s mind6.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy foodchoices throughout the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)7.With so many reference books on this romantic poet for me to choose from，I can’t make up my mind which to choose.8.Receiving a good education is rather costly but it should pay off in the long run.9.China is taking pains to ensure the action taken to protect the environment effectively.10.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.Ⅳ.同义词语替换1.Travel not only gives me the opportunity to understand the world，but also brings me to achieve the dream of exploring different scenery.realize2.Difficult as the task was，he still stuck to it and took pains to complete it.made every effort3.Surprisingly，there is little evidence to back up this opinion that keeping a vegetarian diet can benefit the health and fight against heart disease.support4.I find it hard to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.focus on 5.They will start a campaign to encourage awareness of environmental issues.promoteachieve vt.完成；达到(1)Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement(成就感).(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(实现我们的梦想).(2016·江苏) (3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.易错点拨achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。
2020版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版(浙江)语法专题第一部分 专题2
专题2非谓语动词非谓语动词的形式及句法功能非谓语动词的核心考点1.非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语①表示目的IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。
Georgereturnedafterthewar，onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.(2)现在分词作状语①一般式doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。
Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，bathingthemountainingoldenlight.(主动关系) ②完成式havingdone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Igottotheofficeearlierthatday，havingcaughtthe7:30trainfromPaddington.③被动式havingbeendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。
Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。
Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thecityisverybeautiful.(被动关系)2.非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome，therewasapileofmailswaitingforher.(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.不定式作定语的特殊用法：①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等。
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专题3并列句和状语从句框架结构图连词的分类连词常分为并列连词(也叫等立连词)和从属连词两大类。
并列句与并列连词的核心考点1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。
在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。
并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
2.常见的并列连词(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，notonly...but (also)...等。
Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentitfreely.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly，buthe (also) spokemoreeasily.(2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...等。
Eitheryouareright，orIam.(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。
Janesaidshewasill，yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow. Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults，whereasothersdonot.(4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。
Itmusthaverainedlastnight，foritiswetallover.Theshopswereclosed，soIdidn’tgetanymilk.(5)when也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/that time。
常用于下列句式：①sb.was doing sth.when...；②sb.was about to do/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...；③sb.had (just) donesth.when...。
Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.(6)while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
Helikespopmusic ，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.从属连词与状语从句一、时间状语从句1.before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。
常用如下句型：Itwillbelongbefore...(得过好久才……)Itwillnotbelongbefore...(过不了多久就……)Itwaslongbefore...(过了好久才……)Itwasnotlongbefore...(过了不久就……)2.since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧since ＋瞬间动词的过去式(从该动作发生时算起)since ＋持续性动词的过去式(从动作结束时算起) Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军两年了。
Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟两年了。
3.as ，when ，while 用法一览表。
4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：(1)till ，not...until...，untilDon’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo’clock.(2)hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...表示“刚……就……”Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.(3)directly，immediately，themoment，theminute，theinstant，assoonas意为“一……就……”Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.Themomenthesawhismother，heburstintotears.(4)eachtime，everytimeEachtimehecametomycity，hewouldcallonme.二、让步状语从句1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
Although/Thoughtheyarepoor，(yet) theyarewarm-hearted.2.evenif或eventhough引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
I’llgetthereevenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.3.nomatter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。
但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋-ever”类词。
Don’ttrusthim，nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Iwilleatwhateveryougiveme.Nomatterhow/Howeverhardtheworkis，you’dbettertrytodoitwell.4.as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。
though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。
Childas/thoughheis，heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit，Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould，hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.5.while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。
while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
三、原因状语从句：because，as，since，nowthat1.表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving？I’mleavingbecauseI’mfedupwiththeboss.2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不太重要的部分。
since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于主句之前，但有时却相反。
Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated，hesaid，“Sinceeveryoneishere，let’sstart.”3.下列情况下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时；(3)被not所否定时。
四、地点状语从句：where，wherever等Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.五、目的状语从句：that，sothat，inorderthat注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。
Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlytrain.六、结果状语从句：that，sothat，so...that...，such...that...注意：so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；such＋名词＋that从句。
Sheissogoodthatwealllikeher.Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.七、方式状语从句：as，asif/thoughI’lldoasIamtold.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.八、条件状语从句：if，unless，so/aslongas，incase，once，onconditionthat等Youcanusemybikeaslongasyoureturnitontime.九、比较状语从句：than；(not)as/so...as...；notthesameas; the＋比较级，the＋比较级Heworksashardasothers.Wetreatboysexactlythesameasgirls.Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouwillbe.(一)在写作中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：1.机械排列简单句IbelieveIamfitforit.I’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：IbelieveIamfitforit，soI’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。
2.逗号连接两个简单句I’menthusiasticandeasy-going，I’measytogetalongwithandcancooperatewellwithothers.在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。
我们不妨做如下改动：I’menthusiasticandeasy-going，soI’measytogetalongwithandcancooperatewellwithothers.(二)对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：1.从句意识缺乏TheExpoisveryattractive.Wearealleagertopayavisittoit. TheExpoissoattractivethatwearealleagertopayavisittoit.通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。
2.状语从句成分残缺(误)Pleaseclosethedoorsandwindowsbeforeleavetheclassroom.(正)Pleaseclosethedoorsandwindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。