英语可数名词与不可数

可数名词与不可数名词

一、可数名词即指可以分为个体，且可直接用数目进行计数的名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式：

1. 单数名词词尾加s

（例：map→map s，boy→boy s，horse→horse s，table→table s）

2. s , x , sh , ch结尾的词加es.

（例：class→class es , box→box es , bus→bus es ,dish→dish es）

3.以o结尾的词,变复数时有生命加es。无生命加s

（hero→her o es,tomato→,tomato es，potato→potato es）

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s

（例：family→famil ies, city→cit ies, party→parties）

5. 以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。

（例：shelf→shel ves, life→lives , knife→kni ves）

6.名词复数的不规则变化：

（1）child→children fo ot→feet tooth→teeth

mouse→mice ox → oxen man→men woman→women

二、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an. 常见的不可数名词如:snow(雪),rain(雨), water(水),coffee(咖啡), tea(茶), meat (肉), milk(牛奶), rice(米饭), bread(面包), orange (桔汁)，work(工作), study(学习), love(爱), friendship (友谊)，advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage（行李）, money, news

它在句中作主语时，句子的谓语也只用单数形式。例如： Water is a liquid .水是液体。 Wealth doesn't mean happiness .富有并不意味幸福。

a piece of bread [ cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) ] an item of information 一则情报

a burst of applause 一阵掌声 a slip of paper 一张纸条

a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水

a drop of oil 一滴油 a pane of glass 一块玻璃

a grain of sand 一粒沙子 a sheet of paper 一页纸

其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, world

小练习

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes

B. are photos

C. is a photo

D. is photos

2. This car made in Shanghai.

A. is B .are C .were D .has

3. There are four and two in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans

4. That’s art book.

A. an

B. a

C. the D are

5. The boys have got already.

A. two bread

B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread

D. two piece of bread

6. The old man wants .

A. six boxes of apples

B. six boxes of apple

C. six box of apples

D. six boxs of apples

7. There some in the river.

A. is, fish

B. are, fishs

C. is, fishs

D. are, fish

8. There two in the box.

A. is watch

B. are watches

C. are watch

D. is watches

9. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth

10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

A. teacher

B.teacher’s

C.teachers’

D.teachers

11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes

B.letters boxes

C. letter box

D.letters box

12.There are_____ birds in that big tree.

A. hundreds of

B. five hundreds of

C. five hundred of

D. hundred of

修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词

1.some和any的用法：

〔1）一般的用法：some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。

I am looking for some matches.

Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.

（2）特殊的用法：

(A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。

Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)