The distribution approach of
商业应用统计(英文版)ch08
2
Estimating the Population Mean
A point estimate is a statistic taken from a sample that is used to estimate a population parameter. Interval estimate - a range of values within which the analyst can declare, with some confidence, the population lies.
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7
Distribution of Sample Means for 95% Confidence
.025 95% .4750 .4750
.025
X Z
-1.96
0
1.96
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interval Estimate
xz or xz
s
n
s
n n z the number of std. dev. associatedwit h certainconfidence
xz
s
s thestd. dev. of thepopulation
n thesamplesize
15
Estimating the Mean of a Normal Population: Sample Size is Small
The distribution of sample means is approximately normal if the population has a normal distribution. The z formulas can be use to estimate a population mean if the value of the population Standard Deviation is known.
外文文献翻译
外文原文：Transmission Capacity of Grid-Connecting Channel for the Second Phase of 3 GW Jiuquan Wind Power Base Project and Configuration of Its Reactive Power Compensation Equipments1 INTRODUCTIONWind power is the most mature and economic benefit is one of the best renewable energy generation technology.Wind power has the characteristics of intermittent and randomness, volatility, which determine the big changes in the wind power output is likely to make the power system voltage stability and frequency stability..With the rapid development of wind power generation technology and the national policy on renewable energy power generation, wind power construction in China has entered a rapid development period.Wind resources in China is rich, but is suitable for large-scale development of wind power in the region are generally in the end of the grid, because the power grid structure is relatively weak, therefore may arise after the large-scale wind power connected to the electricity grid power grid voltage levels drop, line transmission power beyond thermal stability limit the system short circuit capacity increase and the system transient stability change such as a series of problems。
语言学第四章chapter4
英语语言学：第4章
▪ Adverbs are words that describe or add to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a sentence, and which answers the questions introduced by how, where, when, etc. carefully, slowly, then, now
▪ Prepositions are words used with nouns in phrases providing information about time, place and other connections involving actions and things.
.
英语语言学：第4章
▪ For example, a noun can be defined as a form that comes after an article (a, an and the) and can take inflections for possessive (-’s) and plural (-s). Of course, not all nouns (eg. information and mud) have all these characteristics.
▪ (7) I hear _____ yesterday. (noun phrases: it, the car, a dog, Peter, a new car, the scholar with an American accent)
.
英语语言学：第4章
4.4.2 Immediate constituent analysis
语言学第四章chapter4
英语语言学：第4章
4.4.2 Immediate constituent analysis
(Bloomfield: 直接成分分析法)
Language is linear and hierarchical. We can analyze language from its largest level to the smallest level, that is from its construction to its constituents by means of substitutability and expansion. The first divisions or cuts of a construction are called immediate constituents and the final cuts as the ultimate constituents.
河南大学外语学院 马应聪
英语语言学：第4章
4.3 The Prescriptive Approach
Definition: An approach taken by some grammarians, mainly in eighteenth-century England, who lay down rules for the correct or “proper” use of English by following Latin.
英语语言学：第4章
Chapter 4 Syntax
河南大学外语学院 马应聪
英语语言学：第4章
outline
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Word Classes 4.3 The Prescriptive Approach 4.4 The Descriptive Approach 4.4.1 Structural analysis 4.4.2 Immediate constituent analysis 4.5 Constituent Structure Grammar 4.6 Transformational Grammar 4.7 Systemic Functional Grammar
Chapter 4 课后答案
Chapter 4答案Syntax1. Define the following terms briefly.(1)syntax: the term used to refer to the structure of sentences and to the studyof sentence structure.(2)word class: a group of words which are similar in function; words which aregrouped into word classes according to how they combine with other words,how they change their forms, etc.(3)prescriptive approach: This view regards grammar as a set of rules for the“proper” use of a language, that’s to say, it tries to lay down rules to tell peoplehow to use a language.(4)descriptive approach: the approach of linguistic studies, with which linguistscollect samples of the language they are interested in and attempt to describethe regular structures of the language as they are used, not according to someview of how they should be used.(5)IC analysis: the approach to divide the sentence up into its immediate constituentsby using binary cutting until obtaining its ultimate constituents.For example, the immediate constituents of “The man bought a car” are theman and bought a car. The immediate constituents of the man are the andman, and so on until no further cuts can be made. The ultimate constituentsof “The man bought a car” at the word level are the, man, bought, a, and car.(6)structural analysis: a type of descriptive approach to study the distribution oflinguistic forms in a language through such methods as the use of “test frames”.(7)immediate constituent: Linguistic units can be divided into small constituents,which can be further analyzed into smaller constituents. This processcontinues until no further divisions are possible. The first division or unitsare known as immediate constituents.(8)ultimate constituent: Linguistic units can be divided into small constituents,which can be further analyzed into smaller constituents. This process continuesuntil no further divisions are possible. The final division or units areknown as ultimate constituents.(9)constituent structural grammar: It refers to a grammar which analyzes sentencesusing only the idea of constituency, which reveals a hierarchy of structurallevels.(10) transformational grammar: a type of grammar which attempts to define anddescribe by a set of rules or principles all the grammatical sentences (withoutungrammatical ones) of a language.(11) ideational function: the use of language as a means of giving structure to ourexperience of the real or imaginary world.(12) interpersonal function: the use of language for maintaining social roles andinteracting with others.(13) textual function: to create written or spoken texts which cohere within themselvesand which fit the particular situation in which they are used.2. Yes. As we know, morphology is the study of the internal structure, forms andclasses of words, while syntax focuses on the structure and ordering of componentswithin a sentence. The major distinction between morphology and syntaxis that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, while thelatter is concerned with the combination of words.3.(2) Instead of using the form “suggest somebody to do something”, we usually use “suggest + that-clause” or “suggest doing”, here we’d better substitute “advise” for “suggest”(4)The word “request” is a transitive verb which should take an object directly,so the word “for” should be omitted.(6)The word “donate” cannot be followed by double objects as “donate somebody something”. Instead we always use “donate something to somebody”.(10) The subject of the verb “write” is usually a human; an “article” cannot write itself. In this case the passive construction is normally used: The article was very well writ en.(11) Usually we don’t use “be bored of something/somebody”, but “be bored withsomething/somebody” which means losing intere st in somebody/something.(13) Here “myself ” is a reflexive pronoun, which can’t be used as subject, and itshould be replaced by “I”.(14) The word “surprise” is usually used as a transitive verb, so the expression“…surprise for you” is ungrammatical, a nd it can be replaced by “surprisesomebody (with something)” or “I was surprised by your getting married.”(15) The word “sleep” is usually used as an intransitive verb, which can’t take anobject. The cases of “sleep” being used as a transitive verb are semanticallylimited, as in “to sleep a good sleep” or “the room can sleep 3 people”.4.It’s ungrammatical, because “us” is the objective case which can’t serve as the subject,while “she” is the subjective case which can’t serve as the object. The sentenceshould be “We visit her on Sundays”. The personal pronouns “you” and “it” havethe same form whether used as the subject or object.5.(1) NP: A Guns “N” Roses concert, an arena, some 2500 fans, afull-fledged riot,A Guns “N” Roses concert at an arena , A Guns “N” Roses concert at an arenanear ST. Louis ,The trouble, venue security, a camera, the front, the stage, thefront of the stage. PP: at an arena, at an arena near ST. Louis, near ST. Louis,in disaster, near the front, of the stage, near the front of the stage. VP: stageda full-fledged riot, asked venue security, confiscate a camera.(2)N: Guns, Roses, concert, arena, ST. Louis, disaster, fans, riot, trouble, Axl Rose, venue, security, camera, front, stage. Prep: at, near, in, of. V: end, stage,start, ask, confiscate, see.6.(1) You mustn’t end a sentence with a preposition.You mustn’t split infinitives.7. (i)SNP VP AdvArt N V NP Prep NPArt N Art NThe dog bit the man in the car.(ii)SArt NArt NPrep NPNP VPArt N V NP PThe dog bit the man in the car.8. (1)a. Terry loves his wife and I love his wife, too.b. I love my wife as well as Terry loves his wife.(2) a. It’s yesterday that they said she would go.b. She would go yesterday as they said.(3) a. The governor is a street fighter who is dirty.b. The governor is a fighter in a dirty street.(4) a. The design has squares and circles, both of which are big.b. The design has big squares, and it also has some circles. (The sizes of the circles are not mentioned.)。
人口与计划生育法英文介绍
人口与计划生育法英文介绍篇1The Population and Family Planning Law plays a crucial role in regulating and guiding population development in our country. It aims to strike a balance between population growth and the available resources and social development needs. This law has specific provisions and measures to control population growth. For instance, it promotes family planning and encourages couples to have an appropriate number of children based on various factors.One of its significant aspects is optimizing the population structure. It takes into account factors such as age distribution and gender ratio to ensure a more balanced and sustainable population composition. How amazing it is that such thoughtful considerations are made in the law!In terms of safeguarding citizens' reproductive rights and interests, the law also provides clear regulations. It ensures that citizens have the right to make informed and voluntary decisions regarding reproduction, while also emphasizing the importance of quality of life and the well-being of children. Isn't it a wonderful protection for citizens?The implementation of this law requires the joint efforts of the whole society. We should all understand and abide by its provisions, as it is for the long-term stability and prosperity of our country. What a significantand far-reaching law it is!篇2The Population and Family Planning Law has played a crucial role in the development of our society! It has witnessed significant changes and improvements over the years.In the early stages, this law aimed to control population growth and balance the population structure. As time went on, it has been continuously adjusted and refined to adapt to the changing social and economic circumstances. For instance, in some areas, it has focused on improving the quality of the population and promoting balanced population development.The significance of this law is immense! It has had a positive impact on the rational allocation of resources. By controlling population growth, it has helped to ensure that resources such as food, education, and medical care are distributed more effectively. This has undoubtedly contributed to the stable and sustainable development of society and the economy.How could we imagine a society without such a law? It would likely lead to chaos and imbalance in resource distribution. The Population and Family Planning Law is not just a set of regulations; it is a guiding light that leads us towards a better future. Isn't it amazing how such a law can shape the destiny of a nation?In conclusion, the Population and Family Planning Law is an essential tool for maintaining social order and promoting the well-being of thepeople. We should continue to pay attention to its development and implementation to ensure its effectiveness in the long run.篇3Population and Family Planning Laws are crucial for the development and stability of nations. In some developed countries, advanced population policies have been implemented. For instance, countries like Sweden and Denmark have emphasized on providing comprehensive family support, including generous parental leave and high-quality child care services. This has not only encouraged couples to have children but also ensured the well-being of children and families. How wonderful is this approach?On the other hand, developing countries often face similar challenges. Take India and Brazil as examples. They struggle with issues such as rapid population growth, limited resources, and insufficient social welfare. Isn't it a huge burden for these countries?The differences and similarities among these laws are quite remarkable. In developed countries, the focus is more on maintaining a balanced population structure and improving the quality of life. But in developing countries, the priority is often to control population growth to match the available resources. Isn't this a significant contrast?In conclusion, understanding and comparing the characteristics of Population and Family Planning Laws in different countries can provide valuable insights for formulating more effective policies. Don't you thinkso?篇4The Population and Family Planning Law has been of great significance in regulating population growth and promoting balanced development. However, during its implementation, various problems have emerged. For instance, in some remote areas, the lack of adequate medical resources and educational propaganda has made it difficult to ensure the effective execution of the law. People's traditional concepts and cultural factors have also posed obstacles to the implementation of the policy. How to solve these problems? One of the measures is to increase investment in medical infrastructure and professional training in these areas. This can improve the quality and accessibility of family planning services. Moreover, strengthening publicity and education through various channels, such as community activities and online platforms, can enhance people's understanding and acceptance of the law. Another important aspect is to formulate more flexible and targeted policies based on local actual conditions. Isn't it necessary to take into account the differences between regions and groups? Of course! Only by constantly adjusting and improving can the Population and Family Planning Law better meet the needs of social development and achieve its intended goals. Isn't that amazing?篇5The Population and Family Planning Law has been a significant aspect of social policy, exerting a profound influence on the trajectory of population development. This law is not just a set of regulations; it's a powerful tool shaping the future of our society!Consider the potential changes in population size. Under the sustained effect of this law, we might witness a controlled growth rate. Isn't it fascinating to think that this could lead to a more balanced distribution of resources and a reduced burden on social infrastructure?The age structure is another crucial aspect. We could expect a gradual shift towards an aging population. But what does this mean for our healthcare systems and social security? Will we be well-prepared to meet the needs of an older demographic?It's not all straightforward, though. There could be challenges along the way. For instance, how will a smaller working-age population impact economic productivity? How will we ensure the well-being of the elderly in a changing age structure?In conclusion, the Population and Family Planning Law holds the key to shaping the future of our population. It's a complex and dynamic issue that demands our continuous attention and thoughtful adaptation. How we navigate these changes will determine the quality of life for future generations. Isn't that a responsibility we all share?。
男女做家务英语作文四级
Should Gender Matter in Housework?In today's society, the roles and responsibilities of men and women have undergone significant transformations. However, the stereotype persists that women should be primarily responsible for household chores, while men are excused from such duties. This mindset is outdated andneeds to be challenged. The issue of gender roles in housework is not just a domestic matter; it reflects deeper societal norms and expectations.Firstly, it is essential to recognize that housework is not solely a woman's responsibility. Both men and women contribute equally to the household, whether it's through financial support, childcare, or domestic tasks. A balanced approach ensures that the workload is distributed evenly, leading to a healthier and more harmonious home environment. Moreover, sharing housework fosters a sense of partnership and mutual respect within the relationship. When both partners contribute to domestic duties, itcreates a shared sense of accomplishment and strengthensthe bond between them. This, in turn, can lead to improvedcommunication and understanding, further enhancing the quality of the relationship.Additionally, men participating in housework sets a positive example for children. It teaches them that domestic tasks are not gender-specific and that both men and women can and should contribute equally. This mindset is crucial for breaking gender stereotypes and promoting gender equality in the future.However, changing societal norms and expectations is not an easy task. It requires a conscious effort from both individuals and society at large. Families need to have open and honest discussions about the distribution of housework and strive for a balanced approach. At the same time, society must also promote positive messaging that encourages men to participate in domestic tasks without stigma or judgment.In conclusion, gender should not matter in the distribution of housework. Both men and women should share the responsibilities equally, leading to a more balanced and harmonious home environment. By challenging gender stereotypes and promoting a shared sense of responsibility,we can create a society where everyone feels valued and respected, regardless of their gender.**男女做家务，性别真的重要吗？**在当今社会，男性和女性的角色与责任已经发生了显著的变化。
荷兰绩点转换方式Dutch grading system
Grading systems in the Netherlands, the United States and the United KingdomSuggestions for grade conversionGrading scales in different education systems are often misinterpreted and grading practices in other countries are easily misunderstood. The world of international student mobility is full of examples of students applying for admission to a university in another country and being refused on the grounds that their grades are not good enough, even if their grades are considered high by the standards in their own country’s system. In most cases the problem simply comes down to a lack of information. Experience shows that this problem is significantly mitigated when institutions provide degree and diploma supplements, explaining the grading scale used. Ideally, these supplements should include the percentages for which grades are awarded at the institution so that the grades of the student concerned may be clearly understood.This article identifies some of the main differences between the Dutch grading system, which is based on a numeric scale of 1 through to 10, and the letter grades used in the United States and the United Kingdom. The article concludes with a grade conversion table for these three countries.The grading scale in the NetherlandsIn the Netherlands, the traditional grading scale is from 1 through to 10, where 1 is the lowest and 10 the highest grade. The pass mark for a single subject is 6, but for school leaving examinations, where six or more subjects are examined, two 5s or one 4 may be condoned if compensated by high grades in other subjects. Grades 1 through to 4 are very rarely given, and the same is true for grades 9 and 10. The most common grades in both secondary and higher education are 6 and 7. Grading in secondary and higher education differs to the extent that high grades are slightly less frequent in secondary education than in higher education.Data from 2010 on examination results for the pre-university stream (VWO1) reveal the following distribution (in percentages) of the grades awarded:10 = 0.19 = 2.48 = 12.57 = 34.36 = 38.55 = 10.74 = 1.43 = 0.082 = 0.011 = 0.01VWO = Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs, or preparatory university education. This is the most selective ofthe three main streams in general secondary education in the Netherlands. The VWO diploma grants access to universityeducation.Grading cultureGrading practice in the Netherlands differs from that in the US and the UK inasmuch as the top grades (10 and 9) are rarely awarded, regardless of the actual achievements of a given group of students. This is part of the grading culture in the Netherlands. When the 1 through to 10 scale was officially introduced back to the late 19th century, it was decided that a 10 should only be awarded in cases of absolute perfection. Furthermore, as at the time it was felt to be almost blasphemous for mere mortals to be judging what constituted absolute perfection, a 10 was hardly ever awarded. A 9 was considered to be only a slightly less impossible goal to reach. With the advent of multiple choice testing and yes/no answers to questions, 10s and 9s actually came within reach of ambitious students. To this day, however, these grades are still very rarely awarded in oral examinations or open question testing, such as essays, presentations, project reports or dissertations.This tradition is different from what is customary in the US, where high grades are awarded to reward and encourage rather than single out absolute perfection. Statistics show that North American educators have always been more generous in the awarding of grade As than their European counterparts. The danger in this practice is that it may lead to grade inflation, which in fact, has become a trend in American higher education over the past 30 years. Grade inflation may well be linked to a more competitive attitude in American higher education, where it is far more common for students to compete for scholarships and where admission to the best universities depends on having the best grades. By contrast, university admission in the Netherlands, as in most continental European countries, is not so much based on high grades as on having the right school leaving certificate. The type of secondary school attended and the type of examination subjects taken are accorded more importance than the individual grades obtained. In the Netherlands, secondary education is dividedinto different academic and vocational streams with differing educational aims. Of these, the pre-university stream (VWO) is the most selective, accounting for just 17% of the entire student population in secondary education. Consequently, the pre-university stream has always served as a selection mechanism in itself, and the examination results of individual students are considered to be less important than possession of the VWO diploma.The wrong approachWhen thinking about grade conversion, differences in culture and education systems as described above must be taken into account. If grading scales are simply placed side by side, and, starting from the top, each gradein one scale is equated to the grade in the corresponding position in the other scale, serious mismatches willbe the result. If, for example, we placed the Dutch numeric scale side by side either the American or the British letter scale, a Dutch 10 would be equated to an American or British A, a 9 to a B, an 8 to a C and so on. Whileit may seem unlikely that anyone would take such an approach, conversions like these have been known to happen. There are examples of foreign universities requiring a 10 in all seven examination subjects on the Dutch VWO diploma, where it was apparently reasoned that, if 10 is the top grade awarded in the Netherlands, a top student from the Netherlands should have a 10 in each subject. In reality, the chance of attaining a 10 in all seven subjects is close to nil.Frequency distributionClearly, this is not a realistic approach. If grades are to be compared fairly, grade conversion should instead be based on the frequency distribution of grades. Only when the percentages are known for the various grades awarded can grades from different systems be matched. Looking at the 2010 data on the highest-achieving VWO graduates for example, we know 12.5% were awarded a grade 8 (2.4% a grade 9 and 0.1% a grade 10). Therefore, in order to convert this properly to a grade under another country’s grading system, we need to know which grade was awarded to the lower 12.5% of the top 15% of students in that system.When analysing the frequency distribution of passes in the Dutch, American and British grading systems, thepattern that emerges is that the two most common grades in the Dutch system are at the lower end of the scale of pass grades (6 and 7), while the two most common grades in the American and British systems are to be found at the higher end (A and B). In Dutch secondary education, grades 6 and 7 are awarded in 39% and 34% of cases respectively. In the UK, A* and A are awarded in 27% of cases and the B in 26%2. National percentages for high school examination grades in the US are not available, but the occurrence of A and B in undergraduate studies at American universities is about 40% (and even higher in postgraduate education).3 Conversion tableThe following table is based on the data available for secondary education examinations in the Netherlands and the UK. For the US, the grades are taken from academic transcripts of undergraduate programmes issued by American universities.Note: In pre-university education (General Certificate of Education) in the UK, grades run from A*, A, B, C, D to E. In the US, pass grades normally only include A, B, C and D. In the British system the asterisk (*) is only used in relation to a grade A, as the highest grade possible. In the US system, the * is not used, but schools and universities may use + or - to differentiate grades.2The distribution of grades obtained by GCE A-level graduates in 2011 is as follows:A* = 8.2% B = 25.6% D = 15.1%A = 18.8% C = 23.6% E = 6.5% U (unclassified) = 2.2%.(source: Joint Council for Qualifications).3These percentages are taken from a sample of 50 academic transcripts issued by American universities and submitted toNuffic.Programme Management Administrating international mobility programmes (scholarships) and institutional cooperation programmes. Information Services Providing information about higher education systems in the Netherlands and in other countries; providing credential evaluation services; providing information in the Netherlands about studying abroad, and in other countries about studying in Holland; promoting Dutch higher education in other countries; encouraging international mobility. Expertise Conducting studies into international cooperation in higher education; providing information to expert groups and consultation forums; transferring our knowledge of international cooperation in higher education through courses and seminars.© Nuffic, October 2012Nuffic is the Netherlands organisation for international cooperation in higher education. Our motto is Linking Knowledge Worldwide. This means linking people, because it’s knowledge that makes us unique as people. Nuffic works in line with Dutch government policy to serve students and higher education institutions in three key areas:Nuffic Kortenaerkade 11P .O. Box 297772502 LT The Hague The Netherlands t +31 (0)70 42 60 260f +31 (0)70 42 60 399 www.nuffic.nl The information contained in this publication has been compiled with the greatest of care. Nevertheless, we are unable to guarantee its accuracy or completeness at the time of reading. The information may have been changed or updated. Nuffic cannot accept any liability for these changes. We recommend that you verify the accuracy of the information yourself where appropriate.All intellectual property rights for this publication belong to Nuffic. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in an automated retrieval system or published in any form, without the prior written permission of the author.This article was prepared by the International Recognition Department of Nuffic. By appointment of the Ministry of Education and Sciences this department serves as the Netherlands information centre or academic and professional recognition in the context of the networks of national information centres of the European Union (NARIC) and of the Council of Europe/UNESCO (ENIC): .4 Statistics are taken from the Higher Education Statistics Agency in the UK.。
配 电 自 动 化 规 划 设 计 技 术 导 则
配电自动化规划设计技术导则Hello, I'm here to provide you with a lively and coherent article on the Technical Guidelines for Planning and Design of Distribution Automation, alternating between English and Chinese sections. Enjoy the read!英文：The Technical Guidelines for Planning and Design of Distribution Automation serve as a crucial roadmap for the development of smart grids. In today's era of digitization and automation, the efficient and reliable operation of power distribution systems is paramount. These guidelines aim to provide a comprehensive framework for planners and designers to ensure the seamless integration of automation technologies into distribution networks.中文：《配电自动化规划设计技术导则》是智能电网发展的重要蓝图。
在数字化和自动化的时代，电力配电系统的高效可靠运行至关重要。
这些技术导则旨在为规划者和设计师提供一个全面框架，确保自动化技术能够无缝集成到配电网络中。
英文：The guidelines emphasize the need for a holistic approach, taking into account the various components of the distribution system, including substations, feeders, and transformers. It highlights theimportance of data collection and analysis, enabling informed decision-making and optimized resource allocation.中文：技术导则强调需要采取整体性的方法，综合考虑配电系统的各个组成部分，包括变电站、馈线和变压器。
distributor 商务英语
distributor 商务英语Title: Navigating the World of Distribution: A Comprehensive Guide for Business ProfessionalsIntroductionIn the dynamic landscape of international business, distribution plays a crucial role in ensuring that products reach their intended markets. The art of distribution lies in managing a complex network of channels, logistics, and relationships to facilitate the flow of goods from producers to consumers. This comprehensive guide aims to provide business professionals with an in-depth understanding of the distribution process, its importance, and strategies for success in a globalized economy.Understanding the Distribution LandscapeThe world of distribution is shaped by various factors, including economic trends, technological advancements,consumer behavior, and regulatory frameworks. To navigatethis landscape effectively, it is essential to understand the different types of distribution channels, such as direct selling, wholesale distribution, retail, e-commerce, and others. Each channel has its own set of advantages, challenges, and best practices that must be considered when developing a distribution strategy.Building Strategic PartnershipsAt the heart of successful distribution is the ability to build and maintain strategic partnerships. These partnerships can include manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, retailers, and logistics providers. Establishing strong relationships based on trust, reliability, and mutual benefits is critical for ensuring smooth operations and maximizing profitability. Key considerations for building these partnerships include contract negotiations, performance metrics, and communication protocols.Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementEfficient logistics and supply chain management are integral to the distribution process. This involves coordinating the movement of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption while minimizing costs and maximizing efficiency. Key components of logistics management include inventory control, transportation planning, warehousing, order fulfillment, and reverse logistics. Employing technologies such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and real-time tracking tools can significantly enhance logistics operations.Customer Relations and Market ResearchUnderstanding customer needs and preferences is essential for designing effective distribution strategies. This requires ongoing market research to identify consumer trends, competitive landscapes, and potential opportunities for growth. Customer relations management (CRM) systems can helpbusinesses collect and analyze customer data to improve targeting, personalize marketing efforts, and enhance the overall customer experience.Regulatory Compliance and Risk ManagementOperating in a global market means adhering to a diverse set of regulations and compliance standards. Businesses must stay informed about local laws, tariffs, customs procedures, and environmental regulations that may impact theirdistribution activities. Additionally, risk management strategies should be in place to mitigate potential riskssuch as supply chain disruptions, quality control issues, and financial losses.Technological Advancements in DistributionThe digital age has brought about significant changes in the way businesses approach distribution. Online marketplaces, social media platforms, and mobile applications have transformed the way products are marketed and sold. Embracingtechnology can lead to increased efficiency, cost savings, and improved customer engagement. However, it also presents challenges such as data security, privacy concerns, and the need for continuous innovation.Sustainability in DistributionSustainability has become a key consideration for many businesses as consumers grow increasingly conscious of environmental impacts. Incorporating sustainable practices into distribution strategies can involve using eco-friendly packaging materials, optimizing transportation routes to reduce emissions, and implementing recycling programs. Not only does this benefit the environment, but it can also enhance a company's reputation and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.ConclusionDistribution is a complex and multifaceted aspect of modern business operations. By understanding the variouscomponents of the distribution process, building strategic partnerships, managing logistics effectively, engaging with customers, complying with regulations, embracing technology, and prioritizing sustainability, businesses can establish robust distribution networks that drive success in today's global marketplace. It is important for business professionals to remain adaptable, informed, and innovative as they navigate the ever-evolving world of distribution.。
管理学课件第16章激励员工MotivatingEmployees
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
• Describe the three needs McClelland proposed as being present in work settings.
• Discuss the motivation implications of equity theory. • Contrast distributive justice and procedural justice. • Explain the three key linkages in expectancy theory and
• Expectancy Theory（期望理论）
16–13
Motivation and Needs
• Three-Needs Theory (McClelland)
There are three major acquired needs that are major motives in work.
• MacGregor’s Theories X and Y （麦格雷戈的X 理论与Y理论 ）
• Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory （赫茨伯格的激 励—保健理论 ）
16–6
Early Theories of Motivation(早期的激励理论)
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory(马斯洛的 需要层次论)
Attempted to explain why job satisfaction does not result in increased performance.
九年级英语学术研究练习题30题
九年级英语学术研究练习题30题1<背景文章>Isaac Newton is one of the most renowned scientists in history. He was born in 1642 in Woolsthorpe, England. Newton showed great intellectual curiosity from a young age.Newton's major achievement is his formulation of the laws of motion and universal gravitation. His work on gravity was inspired by the fall of an apple. He realized that the force that causes an apple to fall to the ground is the same force that keeps the moon in its orbit around the Earth.Newton's contributions to science were not limited to physics. He also made significant contributions to mathematics, particularly in the development of calculus. His work laid the foundation for modern science and had a profound impact on the way we understand the natural world.Newton's influence extended far beyond his own time. His ideas inspired generations of scientists and continue to be studied and applied today. His work has led to many important technological advancements and has helped us better understand the universe.1. Isaac Newton was born in ___.A. 1641B. 1642C. 1643D. 1644答案：B。
分位数面板门槛回归模型
分位数面板门槛回归模型英文回答：Quantile regression is a statistical technique that allows us to estimate the relationship between a set of independent variables and different quantiles of the dependent variable. It is particularly useful when the distribution of the dependent variable is not symmetric and we are interested in understanding how the relationship between the variables changes across different parts of the distribution.Panel data refers to data that is collected over time on multiple individuals or entities. In the context of quantile regression, panel data can be used to estimate the quantile regression coefficients for each individual or entity over time.The threshold regression model, also known as the quantile regression with threshold effects, is an extensionof the quantile regression model that allows for non-linear relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable. It assumes that the relationship between the variables changes at a certain threshold value. This threshold value can be interpreted as the point at which the relationship between the variables switches from one quantile to another.To estimate the quantile regression coefficients in a panel data setting, we can use a fixed effects or random effects approach. The fixed effects approach controls for individual-specific characteristics that do not vary over time, while the random effects approach allows for individual-specific characteristics that vary over time.For example, let's say we are interested in understanding the relationship between income and education level on different quantiles of happiness. We have panel data on individuals over a period of 10 years. We can estimate the quantile regression coefficients using the fixed effects approach to control for individual-specific characteristics that do not change over time. This wouldallow us to understand how the relationship between income and education level varies across different quantiles of happiness for each individual over time.中文回答：分位数回归是一种统计技术，可以用来估计自变量与因变量不同分位数之间的关系。
Summary
by Jeremy Oakley Department of Computer Science, Univeristy of She eld, She eld, S1 4DP j.oakley@ and Anthony O'Hagan Department of Probability and Statistics, University of She eld, She eld, S3 7RH a.ohagan@she June 8, 2000
We consider a problem of inference for the output of a computationally expensive computer model. We suppose that the model is to be used in a context where the values of one or more inputs are uncertain, so that the input con guration is a random variable. We require to make inference about the induced distribution of the output. This distribution is called the uncertainty distribution, and the general problem is known to users of computer models as uncertainty analysis. Speci cally, we develop Bayesian inference for the distribution and density functions of the model output. Modelling the output, as a function of its inputs, as a Gaussian process, we derive expressions for the posterior mean and variance of the distribution and density functions, based on data comprising observed outputs at a sample of input con gurations. We show that direct computation of these expressions may encounter numerical di culties. We develop an alternative approach based on simulating approximate realisations from the posterior distribution of the output function. Our methods are illustrated using a model describing the e ective dose received by individuals on ingesting radioactive iodine. KEY WORDS: Computer experiment, Gaussian process, uncertainty analysis.
小学上册第16次英语第1单元自测题
小学上册英语第1单元自测题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ was a significant time of change in American history. (民权运动)2.My mom is a __________ (社会活动家).3.What is the capital city of Japan?A. BeijingB. SeoulC. TokyoD. BangkokC Tokyo4.The sloth sleeps most of the ________________ (时间).5.The _______ has a unique pattern on its leaves.6. (Civilizations) of Mesopotamia are known as the cradle of civilization. The ____7.The _____ (小草) adds beauty to the lawn.8. A _______ is a reaction that produces a strong smell.9.The kitten is _____ with a ball of yarn. (playing)10. A ________ (植物适应性研究) can inform practices.11.I have a collection of ________.12.I enjoy __________ (动词) with my __________ (玩具名) during summer vacation.13.What do you call the person who writes stories?A. ArtistB. AuthorC. ChefD. Scientist14.The __________ can affect the distribution of species.15.My sister loves to plant _____ in pots.16.I love _______ (制作) homemade gifts.17.We have a ______ (丰富的) menu for lunch.18. A reaction that absorbs energy requires a ______ input.19.I enjoy ______ (与朋友一起) playing board games.20.He plays the _______ (吉他) very well.21.What is the term for the study of the universe's origin, structure, and evolution?A. CosmologyB. AstrophysicsC. AstronomyD. Meteorology22.I have _____ (two/three) brothers.23.They are _____ (making) a sandcastle.24.What do you call a person who writes stories?A. AuthorB. JournalistC. NovelistD. All of the aboveD25.An elephant has a long _______.26.Which gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon DioxideD. Helium27.What is your ________ animal?28.Which holiday is celebrated on December 25th?A. HalloweenB. ThanksgivingC. ChristmasD. New Year29.I have a toy _______ that can zoom across the floor.30.The starling is known for its beautiful ______ (羽毛).31.ts can be _____ (有毒) if ingested. Some pla32.What is the largest continent?A. AfricaB. AsiaC. EuropeD. North AmericaB33.We go to bed at ___ (eight/nine).34. A planetarium is a building with a dome-shaped ceiling that shows ______ of the night sky.35.I love to watch ________ (电视剧).36.The ______ of plants vary based on their environment and care. (植物的生长速度根据其环境和护理而变化。
英语作文关于不同意做家务
英语作文关于不同意做家务In the traditional family structure, it is often assumed that all members should contribute to the maintenance of the home by performing chores. While this notion promotes a sense of responsibility and teamwork, I contend that assigning household tasks is not always beneficial. This essay will explore the reasons why mandatory chores may not be the best approach to fostering a harmonious family environment.Firstly, the imposition of chores can sometimes lead to resentment among family members. When tasks are enforced without considering individual preferences or schedules, it can create a sense of obligation rather than cooperation. For instance, a teenager who has a busy extracurricular schedule may feel overwhelmed if forced to complete chores at a specific time, which could lead to conflicts.Secondly, the expectation of chores might stifle the natural inclination to help out of kindness. When children or partners are motivated by a sense of duty rather than a desire to assist, the act of doing chores becomes a chore in itself. This can detract from the joy that comes from contributing to the family's well-being and can undermine the spirit of voluntary contribution.Moreover, the distribution of chores can be a source of inequality. If not carefully managed, certain family members may end up doing more work than others, leading to feelingsof injustice. For example, it is common for women to bear the brunt of household responsibilities, even when they also work full-time, which can perpetuate gender stereotypes and create an unhealthy power dynamic within the family.Additionally, the concept of mandatory chores does not always account for the different abilities and capacities of family members. For instance, a family member with a disability or health issues may find it challenging to keep up with the assigned tasks, which can lead to unnecessary stress and feelings of inadequacy.Instead of mandating chores, families could adopt a more flexible and communicative approach. By discussing and understanding each member's availability and preferences, a family can create a schedule that is fair and considerate of everyone's needs. This approach fosters a sense of collaboration and mutual respect, as each member has a say in the distribution of tasks.In conclusion, while the idea of assigning household chores to ensure that everyone contributes to the upkeep of the home is well-intentioned, it can sometimes do more harm than good. By fostering a culture of open communication and voluntary participation, families can create a more equitable and harmonious environment where chores are shared out of love and consideration, rather than obligation.。
集体主义英语作文
集体主义英语作文Collectivism: The Cornerstone of a Harmonious SocietyCollectivism is a fundamental principle that has shaped the social, political, and economic landscapes of many societies throughout history. At its core, collectivism emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual, promoting the idea that the well-being of the collective is paramount to the pursuit of individual interests. This philosophical approach has been embraced by various cultures and nations, each with its unique interpretation and implementation of collectivist ideals.One of the primary tenets of collectivism is the belief that individuals are inherently interconnected and that their actions and decisions have a direct impact on the broader community. This perspective challenges the notion of individualism, which places the individual at the center of societal concerns. Collectivists argue that true progress and prosperity can only be achieved through the collective efforts of the group, where individuals work harmoniously towards common goals and the greater good.In many collectivist societies, the family unit is considered thefoundation of the social structure. Individuals are expected to prioritize the needs of their family over their own personal desires, and the family's well-being is seen as a reflection of the individual's commitment to the collective. This emphasis on familial loyalty and responsibility often extends beyond the immediate family, with individuals expected to maintain strong ties with extended family members and the broader community.Another key aspect of collectivism is the emphasis on social harmony and the avoidance of conflict. Collectivist cultures often place a high value on maintaining social order and cohesion, and individuals are expected to conform to societal norms and expectations. This can lead to a greater emphasis on consensus-building, compromise, and the suppression of individual dissent in favor of preserving the collective good.In the realm of politics and governance, collectivist societies tend to favor centralized, authoritarian forms of government that prioritize the interests of the state over individual rights. The state is often seen as the embodiment of the collective will, and citizens are expected to subordinate their personal interests to the needs of the state. This can result in a strong emphasis on national unity, patriotism, and the promotion of state-sanctioned ideologies.Economically, collectivist societies often embrace a more egalitarianapproach to the distribution of resources. The focus is on ensuring the equitable allocation of goods and services to all members of the collective, rather than allowing for the accumulation of wealth by a few individuals. This can lead to the implementation of policies such as centralized economic planning, state ownership of the means of production, and the redistribution of wealth through various social welfare programs.However, it is important to note that the practice of collectivism is not without its challenges and criticisms. Opponents of collectivism argue that it can lead to the suppression of individual freedoms, the stifling of innovation and creativity, and the creation of a conformist society that discourages independent thought and expression. Additionally, the emphasis on social harmony can sometimes lead to the marginalization or oppression of minority groups or dissenting voices within the collective.Despite these critiques, the enduring appeal of collectivism lies in its ability to foster a sense of community, shared purpose, and social cohesion. In an increasingly interconnected world, where global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and economic instability require coordinated, collective responses, the principles of collectivism may offer valuable insights and strategies for addressing these complex issues.Ultimately, the debate surrounding collectivism and its role in shaping society will continue to evolve, as individuals and communities grapple with the delicate balance between individual rights and the collective good. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, it is crucial to engage in thoughtful dialogue and critical analysis to ensure that the principles of collectivism are applied in a manner that promotes the well-being of all members of the collective, while preserving the fundamental human rights and freedoms that are essential to a flourishing society.。
分担家务是公平的英文作文
分担家务是公平的英文作文Title: Fairness in Sharing Household Chores。
In today's dynamic households, the question of fairness in sharing household chores has become a topic of significant debate. While some argue that an equal distribution of chores fosters fairness and equity, others contend that individual circumstances should dictate chore allocation. In this essay, we will explore both perspectives and ultimately argue that a balanced approach, taking into account each member's capabilities and responsibilities, is essential for achieving fairness in sharing household tasks.To begin with, proponents of an equal distribution of household chores emphasize the principles of fairness and equality. They argue that in modern households, where both partners often work outside the home, it is only just that domestic responsibilities are shared equally. Advocates of this view contend that household chores should not begender-specific and that both partners should contribute equally to maintaining the household.Moreover, proponents of equal sharing of chores often highlight the benefits of such an arrangement. They argue that when household tasks are evenly distributed, it notonly reduces the burden on any single individual but also promotes a sense of teamwork and partnership within the family. Additionally, sharing chores equally can contribute to a more harmonious and balanced relationship between partners, as it fosters mutual respect and understanding of each other's contributions.However, critics of the equal distribution approachraise valid concerns about its feasibility and practicality. They argue that not all household members have the same capabilities or availability to perform certain tasks. For example, individuals with demanding work schedules orhealth issues may not be able to contribute equally to household chores compared to others. Moreover, factors such as age, physical ability, and skill level can alsoinfluence one's capacity to participate in certain tasks.Furthermore, opponents of equal chore distribution point out that assigning tasks solely based on equality may overlook the principle of equity. Equity, unlike equality, takes into account individual needs and circumstances. Therefore, they argue that a more equitable approach to chore allocation would involve considering factors such as each member's strengths, preferences, and availability when assigning tasks.In light of these arguments, it is evident that achieving fairness in sharing household chores requires a balanced approach that combines elements of both equality and equity. Rather than adhering strictly to a one-size-fits-all distribution model, households should strive to tailor chore assignments to fit the unique circumstances and capabilities of each member.One possible solution to achieve this balance is through open communication and negotiation within the household. By openly discussing each member's preferences, constraints, and abilities, families can collaborativelydevise a chore allocation system that is fair andacceptable to all parties involved. Additionally,flexibility and willingness to adjust chore assignments based on changing circumstances can help ensure that the workload remains balanced over time.In conclusion, while the concept of equal sharing of household chores embodies principles of fairness and equity, it may not always be practical or feasible in every household. Instead, a more balanced approach that considers individual circumstances and capabilities is necessary to achieve fairness in chore allocation. By fostering open communication, flexibility, and mutual respect, households can create chore-sharing arrangements that promote harmony, equality, and well-being for all members.。
拓宽渠道 英文短语-概述说明以及解释
拓宽渠道英文短语1.Expand your reach2.Diversify your channel mix3.Broaden your distribution network4.Enhance your market penetration5.Grow your sales pipeline6.Reach new customers7.Increase market share8.Maximize your reach9.Optimize your channel strategy10.Drive channel growth11.Explore new distribution avenues12.Tap into new markets13.Strengthen your channel partnerships14.Boost your channel performance15.Innovate your distribution approach16.Leverage multiple channels17.Amplify your market presence18.Improve channel efficiency19.Adapt to changing market dynamics20.Seize new opportunities21.Diversify your distribution channels to reach a wideraudience.22.Expand your reach by exploring new sales channels.23.Broaden your distribution network to increase brand visibility.24.Maximize your market penetration with multiple distribution channels.25.Boost sales by tapping into new distribution opportunities.26.Increase your market share by expanding your sales channels.27.Stay competitive by expanding your distribution channels.28.Drive growth by diversifying your sales channels.29.Open up new avenues for sales through diversified distribution channels.30.Adopt a multi-channel distribution strategy to enhance sales performance.31.Embrace omni-channel retailing to improve customer reach.32.Innovate your distribution strategy to attract new customers.33.Enhance your market presence by expanding your distribution channels.34.Create new opportunities for growth by broadening your distribution network.35.Leverage technology to expand your distribution channels.36.Simplify the buying process for customers by offering multiple sales channels.37.Optimize your distribution channels for better market coverage.38.Ensure consistent product availability through diversified distribution channels.39.Capture new market segments by diversifying your sales channels.40.Differentiate your brand by expanding your distribution channels.41.Broaden your horizons with new channels.42.Expand your reach by exploring different avenues.43.Diversify your distribution channels for greater market penetration.44.Embrace new opportunities and channels for growth.45.Keep an open mind when it comes to channel expansion.46.Innovate your channel strategy for better results.47.Maximize your potential by utilizing various channels.48.Stay ahead of the competition by exploring new distribution channels.49.Build strong partnerships to access new channels.50.Adapt to changing trends and open up new channels.51.Discover untapped markets with a diverse channel mix.52.Simplify your channel strategy for better efficiency.53.Invest in multiple channels for a more robust business model.54.Leverage technology to expand your channels.55.Create a seamless experience across all channels.56.Think outside the box when it comes to channel selection.57.Strategically select channels that align with your target audience.58.Break through barriers with an innovative channel approach.59.Connect with customers through multiple touchpoints.60.Unlock new revenue streams with a multi-channel strategy.61.Explore new opportunities for growth62.Expand the reach of your brand63.Connect with a wider audience64.Increase your market presence65.Diversify your sales channels66.Harness the power of multiple platforms67.Amplify your marketing efforts68.Optimize your distribution strategy69.Maximize your revenue potential70.Broaden your customer base71.Enhance your brand visibility72.Seize new market share73.Stay ahead of the competition74.Drive growth through new channels75.Leverage innovative distribution methods76.Embrace a more inclusive approach77.Cultivate relationships with new partners78.Adapt to changing consumer behaviors79.Emphasize the importance of channel diversity80.Unlock new opportunities for success81.Break new ground with innovative channel expansion strategies.82.Explore new avenues for distribution and sales growth.83.Broaden your reach by tapping into emerging markets.84.Diversify your channel mix to maximize revenue streams.85.Open up new possibilities with creative channel development.86.Expand your market presence through strategic channel partnerships.87.Scale your business by extending your distribution network.88.Embrace digital channels to stay ahead of the competition.89.Enhance your reach by leveraging online platforms and marketplaces.90.Adopt a multi-channel approach to cater to diverse customer preferences.91.Optimize your sales channels to drive higher revenue and customer engagement.92.Innovate your channel strategy to adapt to changing market dynamics.93.Maximize your impact by connecting with customers through multiple touchpoints.94.Revamp your distribution channels to deliver a seamless customer experience.95.Stay agile by experimenting with different channel models and strategies.96.Unlock growth opportunities by expanding into untapped markets and channels.97.Empower your sales team with the right tools and resources to succeed in new channels.98.Stay ahead of the curve by anticipating market trends and optimizing your channel mix.99.Achieve sustainable growth by continuously evolving and optimizing your channel strategy.100.Seize the opportunity to reach new audiences and drive business growth with channel expansion.101.Explore new distribution channels to reach a wider audience.102.Expand your network of partners and distributors for increased market coverage.103.Diversify your sales channels to reduce dependence on any single source of revenue.104.Leverage different online platforms to expand your reach and attract new customers.105.Build strategic partnerships with complementary brands to access new customer segments.106.Tap into the power of social media to connect with customers and drive sales.107.Consider selling through third-party marketplaces to reach a larger customer base.108.Utilize affiliate marketing to increase your online presence and drive traffic to your website.109.Invest in search engine optimization to improve visibility and attract customers through online searches.unch targeted advertising campaigns on various platforms to increase brand awareness and drive sales.111.Participate in trade shows and industry events to showcase your products and reach potential buyers.112.Implement a referral program to incentivize existing customers to refer new business to you.113.Offer exclusive deals and promotions through different channels to attract and retain customers.114.Utilize email marketing to nurture leads and keep customers engaged with your brand.115.Create a customer loyalty program to reward repeat purchases and drive customer retention.116.Collaborate with influencers and bloggers to promote your products to their followers.117.Host webinars and online events to educate customers about your products and services.118.Partner with local businesses for co-marketing opportunities and access to their customer base.119.Invest in market research to identify new opportunities and trends that can inform your channel expansion strategy.120.Stay agile and adaptable in your approach to channel expansion to respond to changing market conditions.121.Expand your reach with new channels122.Diversify your distribution through new avenues123.Broaden your channel network for increased exposure124.Maximize sales opportunities with wider distribution channels125.Explore new outlets to capture a larger market share126.Enhance your market penetration with additional channels 127.Upgrade your distribution strategy with more diverse channels128.Strengthen your market presence through channel expansion129.Optimize your sales performance by broadening your channels130.Increase your revenue potential with an expanded channel network131.Embrace new opportunities by expanding your distribution channels132.Reach new customers by diversifying your channel options 133.Stand out in the market by expanding your channel reach 134.Cultivate a stronger customer base through new distribution channels135.Stay ahead of the competition by widening your channel network136.Drive growth with a more comprehensive channel strategy137.Unleash your business potential with broader distribution channels138.Forge new partnerships to expand your channel reach139.Elevate your brand recognition through diverse channels140.Innovate your sales approach by exploring new distribution avenues。
小学上册第七次英语第三单元期中试卷
小学上册英语第三单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.My ________ (玩具名称) is a celebration of fun.2.What do we call a sweet baked dish made from flour, sugar, and eggs?A. CakeB. BreadC. BiscuitD. Pie3.I enjoy cooking ______ (美味) meals for my family.4.What do we call the act of engaging in critical thinking?A. AnalysisB. EvaluationC. ReflectionD. All of the AboveD5.What do you call the action of keeping something safe?A. ProtectingB. GuardingC. DefendingD. ShieldingA6.What is the color of an orange?A. BlueB. OrangeC. RedD. YellowB Orange7.What is the name of the fairy tale with a glass slipper?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. Sleeping BeautyD. Little Red Riding Hood8.What is the opposite of 'full'?A. EmptyB. HalfC. CompleteD. PackedA9.The __________ (环保活动) raise awareness of issues.10. A ______ is an animal that hops and has long feet.11.Which day comes after Monday?A. SundayB. TuesdayC. WednesdayD. Thursday12.What do we call the time when the sun goes down?A. MorningB. AfternoonC. EveningD. NightC13.In a circuit, a resistor limits the flow of ______ (current).14.We will _______ (hike) in the mountains.15.The ______ enjoys telling stories.16.What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. BiologistC. EcologistD. AgronomistA17.What do we call a person who examines ancient artifacts?A. ArchaeologistB. HistorianC. AnthropologistD. Sociologist18.The _______ (Spanish Armada) was defeated by the English navy in 1588.19.The city of Sydney is famous for its ________ (歌剧院).20.Elements are found on the ______ table.21.The _____ is a large area of space filled with stars.22.There are many _______ (树) in the park.23.Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. LionD. ZebraB24.In nature, elements are often found in _____ forms rather than pure substances.25.The weather is _____ (sunny/cloudy) today.26. A ______ (蜗牛) leaves a trail of slime behind.27.The __________ (历史的综合面) reveals interconnectedness.28.The ________ was a pivotal battle in the history of the United States.29.My favorite season is ______ (fall).30.The _____ (餐厅) serves delicious food.31.My sister has a pet ______ (兔子) named Fluffy.32.What is the capital of the Seychelles?A. VictoriaB. MahéC. PraslinD. La DigueA33.What is the name of the large body of freshwater in North America?A. Great LakesB. Amazon RiverC. Nile RiverD. Mississippi River34.What is the name of the main character in "Harry Potter"?A. Ron WeasleyB. Hermione GrangerC. Harry PotterD. Albus DumbledoreC Harry Potter35.I enjoy going ______ (滑冰) in the winter with my friends.36.The process of ______ can lead to the formation of minerals.37.The _____ (grass/flower) is green.38.My brother has a ______ toy.39.The discovery of ________ has revolutionized our approach to health.40.The _____ (种子) can remain dormant for years.41.The capital of Saint Kitts is __________.42.The ______ provides a habitat for many species.43.The chemical formula for maleic acid is ______.44.The __________ shows the distribution of different types of rocks.45.What do you call the weather phenomenon of falling ice?A. RainB. SnowC. SleetD. HailD46.The __________ can indicate areas of potential environmental concern.47. A ____(stakeholder engagement) involves relevant parties in discussions.48.They are _____ (laughing/crying) at the joke.49.I play the _______ (piano/guitar).50.The bee helps _______ (授粉) flowers.51.I enjoy ______ my favorite games on weekends. (playing)52.Which sport involves a racket and a shuttlecock?A. TennisB. BadmintonC. SquashD. VolleyballB53.The ____ has a thick coat and enjoys being outside in winter.bustion is a chemical reaction that produces ________ and water.55.I read a _______ every night.56.The capital of the Cayman Islands is __________.57.Which animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. DogC. BirdD. Fish58.The process of creating hydrogen gas from water requires _______ energy.59.The ______ teaches us how to draw.60.Which fruit is red and often mistaken for a vegetable?A. BananaB. AppleC. TomatoD. GrapeC61.Christopher Columbus discovered 美国 in the year ________.62.What do we call a person who studies anthropology?A. AnthropologistB. SociologistC. ArchaeologistD. All of the above63.The ________ (networking) helps build connections.64.environmental awareness) promotes stewardship. The ____65. A ________ (高原) can be a good farming area.66.My aunt makes delicious ______. (我阿姨做的______很好吃。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、The third party distribution mode
Advantage:High efficiency and low cost. Disadvantage:It exists the risk of management.
Which distribution mode should we choose to distribute flowers?
Build up our own distribution center
♥ Firstly , we have the national chain distribution center and network for service. ♥ Secondly , our own distribution center whose geographical position is superior and transportation is convenient. ♥ Thirdly , we have professional employees and vehicles for distribution.
3、Each other to use distribution mode
Advantage:Expanded its distribution scale and scope. Disadvantage:It requests the firm has the strong organization ability.
Internet Flower shop Flower street
Field of flowers Supermarket
The way of buying flowers
Door-to-door delivery Order service in the online Order service on phone Express the flowers
The distribution approach of
rs
The analysis of flowers purchase behavior
• • • • • • • • • Festival Wedding Birthday memorial Opening ceremony Go to visit relatives and friends Express the romantic love and mind Welcome guests And so on
Reasons for choosing build up our own distribution center
• Our company is the chain enterprise and self-supporting distribution mode is suitable for chain enterprise. • The distribution of flowers not only requires high efficiency but also high service level .
Various uses of flowers
1、The bouquet uses for opening ceremony and means lucky.
2、The bouquet uses for memorial and means recall.
Various uses of flowers
Various uses of flowers
1、The bouquet means firm love and uses for expressing the lovers’ mind.. 2、This is hand flower which uses for wedding.
3、The bouquet uses for friendships.
Reasons for choosing build up our own distribution center
• Our own distribution center can avoid leaking our company information. • Our own distribution center is timely and flexible. • Our own distribution center reduces transaction costs. • Our own distribution center closes the distance with customers as well as control the market information.
From the way of buying flowers , we know that the distribution of flowers is important. If you want to manage a flower market successfully , you must to make a distribution plan.
1、Self-supporting distribution mode
Advantage:Systematic degree is higher. Disadvantage:High cost.
2、Common distribution mode
The distribution mode
Advantage:Realize the effective distribution resources allocation. Disadvantage:Distribution of goods are difficult to manage.
1、The flowers are made to miniature tress and rockery for arrange meeting-place.
2、The flowers also are made to decorate cars for wedding.
Flowers sales: