美国文学选读--Lecture 4
Lectures on American Literature——美国文学讲义
True Relation of Virginia (1608)
Description of New England (1616)
General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)
我要讴歌基督教创造的 奇迹为逃避欧洲的腐败 堕落，他们来到美洲的 海滩；……感谢上帝的 庇佑，把印第安人的荒 芜之地变得辉煌灿烂。 ---科顿· 马瑟
我们将成为整个世界的山巅 城 ( a city set upon a hill )， 全世界人民的眼睛都将看着 我们。如果我们在实现这一 事业的过程中欺骗了上帝， 如果上帝不再像今天那样帮 助我们，那么我们终将成为 世人的笑柄。
A Puritan Should Be…
务实的理想主义者
教条机会主义者
• “a visionary梦想家 who never forget that two plus two equals four; He was a practical idealist…his conduct was regulated by expediency 私利. He was a doctrinaire教条主义者 and an opportunist.”
• In content
religious writings serving either God or colonial expansion
• In form
imitating English literary tradition
American colonial literature is neither real literature nor American
《美国文学》课件四
Franklin’s literary works：
The Autobiography:（1771）
The earliest autobiography in American literature; 1771 , 65 years old; a record of a man who rose to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, and the faithful account of the colorful career of America ’s first selfmade man.
Franklin’s Position:
• Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker(历书编撰者), essayist, scientist, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador, parlor man. • He seemed to be born with King Midas' golden touch: in whatever field he happened to appear, he achieved a peerless degree of accomplishment.
美国文学史Chapter 4 Late Romanticism (Movie-Scarlet Letter)
Main Literary Works
Typee(1846) Omoo (1847) Mardi (1849) Redburn (1849) White-Jacket (1850) Moby-Dick(1851) Billy Budd Sailor (1924 published)
Summary: This work is Melville's masterpiece, which is the epic story of the whaling ship Pequod and its "ungodly, god-like man," Captain Ahab, whose obsessive quest for the white whale MobyDick leads the ship and its men to destruction.
Secret sin and public scorn, and personal tragedy which becomes somehow admirable.
Points of view
(1) Evil is at the core of human life, “that blackness in Hawthorne”
In Moby-Dick, Melville challenges Emerson's optimistic idea that humans can understand nature.
Moby-Dick, the great white whale, is an inscrutable, cosmic existence that dominates the novel, just as he obsesses Ahab. Facts about the whale and whaling cannot explain MobyDick; on the contrary, the facts themselves tend to become symbols, and every fact is obscurely related in a cosmic web to every other fact.
lecture_4 美国文学史课件
•1912---1914: Pound took over and championed the poetry.
• 1914---1917: Amy Lowell took over from Pound and pushed the movement in to the period of “Amygism” as Pound called it.
It offered a new way of writing which was valid not only for the Imagist poets but for modern poetry as a whole.
❖ The movement was a training school in whirned their first lessons in poetic art.
Lecture 4 Literature in 1920s 1920s American Literature
I. Background: 1. Economic Boom : “Dollar Decade” carefree prosperity pursuit of pleasure Social labor movement almost
precision new rhythms free choice of subject matter
美国文学选读课后习题答案
美国⽂学选读课后习题答案Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which w as going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(⾔简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine. Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.Unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne:1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ?No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life. What is the implication of the description of the roses?The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities. The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he sa ys, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval. Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges. One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate deathfor Hester.3.What has happened to Hester? As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate?It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin. In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herself, just as she accepts her child. And although she can hardly believe her present “realities,” she takes them as they are rather than resisting them or trying to atone for them. How does this tell us about her character? Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.Unit 6 Henry David Thoreau1. Where indeed did Thoreau live, both at a physical level and at a spiritual level? He lived in a cabin on Walden Pond,which belonged t o Emerson’s property.2.Had Thoreau ever bought a farm? Why did he enjoy the act of buying? No, he h adn’t. He avoided purchasing a farm because it would inevitably tie him down financially and complicate his life. Thoreau didn’t see the acquisition of wealth as the goal for human existence, he saw the goal of life to be an exploration of the mind and of the magnificent world around us. He regarded the places as an existence free of obligations and full of leisure.3. Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth of July as the day on which he began to stay in the woods? Why? Yes, it is. Because The Fourth of July is known as Independence Day, the birthday of the United States. Here Thoreau uses the day to express his beginning of regeneration at Walden. It also means a symbol of his conquest of being.Unit 7 19th Century American Poets1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1) I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1) One’s Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self? It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one that is full of bias.(3) O Captain! My Captain!1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem? Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3. Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination. 2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza? Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3)I'm nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they?"in this poem? The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28). It implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons. Different persons would have different answers to his question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit8 mark twainQuestions1: Why do you think Mr. Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories?From Mr. Wheeler’s behaviors and contents of his narration. First, when "I" asked him to tell "me" something about W. Smiley, he “backed me into a corner and blockaded me with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the narrative”. And during the process of telling his stories, he never paid any attention to others' response to his story and just went on telling what amused him. At last when the listener felt boring and wanted to leave, Mr. Wheeler even didn't notice it and still asked him to sit there listening to him.Question2: Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories?No. the audience does not show any interest in Mr. Wheeler’ stories. In fact, the narrator was very feverish about his stories, but, in the eyes of the listener, the stories were very boring and had nothing to do with his preoccupation. As an educated man, the listener couldn't understand the way of laborers for joy, and he would never bother himself to understand it. So after the longtime of Mr. Wheeler’ solo narration and when the audience got a chance, he fled away. Question3: Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor? Why? How do you interpret their interactions?The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor. During the intercourse, the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative "without a little smiling" talking about the animals and the things like, while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories. It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without an intersection. And their interaction was a complete failure according tour common sense about communication. But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain .Unit14 The Great GatsbyDo you think G atsby deserv es to be called “the great”? Why?(1)I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be ―great‖or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back. In this respect, he ismuch ―greater‖ than his contemporaries. For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. He wasn’t sober enough to be great. 2.Does “the green light” Gatsby believed in exist in reality? Why orwhy not ?(1)I think ―the green light‖does not exist in reality. Because the green light which situated at th e end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely visible from West Egg lawn represents Gatsby’s unattainable dream. Although the color itself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s quest for Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy livedin ―a materi al world without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dream like air‖. The distinction between ideal and reality was huge. As if American dream between golden past and golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush.3.What does Gats by’s Schedule reveal about him and how does it relate to the American Dream?(1)The schedule is a reflection of Gatsby’s determination and ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuitof his goal—to be an upper-class man.(2)On one hand, we can know that he is persistent in pursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth and happiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is too idealistic and naive. The girl he loves is as vulgar andsuperficial as others in her circle, she is unable to meetsGatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is destined to shatter,which indicates the disillusion of American Dream. 4.Whenyou read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses)took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside andin ,” what images does it create in your mind, given thenovel’s numerous references to the strikingly strangescene of the spectacled eyes?(1)From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gat sby’s tragedy.Unit 16 Ernest Hemingway1.How do you interpret the irony of the title after readingthe story?(1)The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to thecaféin the text. The caféwas very clean and well- lighted.From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was verywarm and comfortable, was a place where people needwarmth wanted to go. So the old man, who was rich butdeaf and lonely came here to find warmth and avoided nada.It was the only place he could go and could find somecomfort.(2)However, the younger waiter was very selfish.Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup ofwine by the excuse that the business was finished. This caféshould be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely anddeaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of thetitle.2.Do you think youth and confidence can help onewithstand the metaphorical dark?Why or why not?(1)I don’t think so.In our opinion, the m etaphorical darkmeans nada,nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never made full use of them. As we can see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.3.The older wait er said to the younger waiter:“We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different? (1)I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects:In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.(2)Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, the older waiter could understand the old manand show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.(3)Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself. He even never thought of his future.(4)Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing h e can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. But out of youth and confidence, he failed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most important factors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth a nd confidence became useless.Unit 17 20th -Century American Poets1.Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro1.Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2.Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar1.What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing iscreative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground? Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar ) 3.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice 1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war. 2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings. 3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive? Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening 1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening? The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment. 2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake? The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty? He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines? The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken 1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads? The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time. 2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which impl ies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure. 3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.。
American literature chapter 4
visual image made a total poetic statement. His technique came from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry. On one hand the stressed clarity, precision, and economy of language. On the other hand, Pound mused（ 沉思） the traditional rhyme and meter in order to, as Pound put it, ―compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of metronome（节拍）‖.
Lost Generation
a group of American literary notables who lived in Paris from the time period which saw the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Significant members include Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, T.S Eliot. Hemingway likely popularized the term, quoting Stein (―You are all a lost generation‖) as epigraph to his novel, The Sun Also Rises. More generally, the term is being used for the yound adults of Europe and America during World War I. They were ―lost‖ because after the war many of them were disllusioned with the world in general and unwilling to move ino a settled life.
American Literature Lesson 4 2013 PPT
The Opening Scenes
Cameron’s
cabin was added. British company is routed/attacked by the Hurons before Hawkeye arrives.
The Characters
Hawkeye’s
name is changed from Natty Bumpo to Nathaniel Poe. Heyward loves Cora, not Alice.
How are things changed
in the massacre scene?
The
waterfall scene is moved from near the beginning to after the massacre /attack.
How are things changed at the ending?
What did Romantic Era writers focus on. . . ?
Is this always true?
People are mostly good (or very bad). Is this always true? How would you explain: “Mob politics”? The Beginnings of Industrialization/ Income gap? Slavery?
leader).
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Some people say that Irving was writing a satire about European and American values. Ichabod = Europe (intellectual, superstitious, weak) Brom = America (tough, rowdy, funloving, imaginative)
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 4 Benjamin Frankli
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Brief Comment Successful in business, renowned in science, this most modern-spirited man
of early Americans also served his nation brilliantly.
born in Boston
went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as a printer
was the sole owner of a successful printing shop, and was the editor and publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette (later The Saturday Evening Post) at twenty-four
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Selections
my Father was impatient to have me bound8 to my Brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded and signed the Indentures9, when I was yet but 12 Years old. I was to serve as an Apprentice till I was 21 Years of Age, only I was to be allow’d Journeyman’s Wages10 during the last Year. In a little time I made great Proficiency in the Business, and became a useful Hand to my Brother. I now had Access to better Books. An Acquaintance with the Apprentices of Booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my Room reading the greatest Part of the Night, when the Book was borrow’d in
American Literature Lesson 4 PPT
Questions:
How is the film different from the original story?
Why do you think they made the changes?
Country names are nouns, not adjectives. Is your country’s named China or Chinese”?
Benjamin Franklin
What are the main points of
The Way to Wealth?
Work hard. Mind your own business. Live simply.
Benjamin Franklin
Did the people follow Father Abraham’s advice?
Are there any questions about last week’s quiz, before I collect them?
SEND THEM TO THE FRONT, PLEASE.
Quiz Time
Put everything away. No books or papers on the desktop.
Proverbs are wise sayings.
*an annual publication containing a calendar for the coming year, the times of such events and phenomena as anniversaries, sunrises and sunsets, phases of the moon, tides, etc., and other statistical information and related topics. (source: )
4.美国文学选读_课件Benjamin_Franklin
founded the first public library, organized the first fire department and the first paid police force, founded a school and a hospital.
the great man of letters
Autobiography
A story that a person writes about his or her own life is called an autobiography. Autobiographies are written in first-person point of view, and biographies in thirdperson point of view.
bifocal glasses
politician, public-spirited citizen, prose writer
He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with England, The Constitution
Analysis of the Selected Parts on page20-21:
Autobiography
• The style: it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision( 言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂 的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).
英美文学选读 教程大纲lecture 4
Chapter 4 The Victorian Period一时代背景简介维多利亚时代（Victorian era），前接乔治时代，后启爱德华时代，被认为是英国工业革命和大英帝国的峰端。
它的时限常被定义为1837年～1901年，即维多利亚女王（Alexandrina Victoria）的统治时期。
亦有学者认为，应将通过改革法案（Reform Act 1832）的1832年视为一个新的文化时期的开端。
维多利亚女王是第一个以“大不列颠与爱尔兰联合王国女王和印度女皇”名号称呼的英国君主。
她在位的63年期间（1837年6月20日~1901年1月22日），是英国最强盛的所谓“日不落帝国”时期，她在位期间直到她去世后，到第一次世界大战开始的1914年，英国都称为维多利亚时代，1914年以后，英国开始走向衰落。
维多利亚女王（亚利山德拉·维多利亚，Alexandrina Victoria）（1819年5月24日～1901年1月22日）于1837年继承王位（当时她18岁），英国历史上在位时间最长的君主，在位时间长达63年。
1837年，18岁的女王维多利亚登基，新女王在继位之前的日记中写道：既然上帝把我置于这个国家的王位上，我将尽力履行自己的职责。
我尚年轻，可能在许多方面缺乏经验，但我肯定，几乎无人像我这样怀着为国为民的良好意愿和真切希望。
女王充分实现了自己的诺言：她在其一生中模范地履行了立宪君主的职责，因此深受国民的爱戴；她还是那个时代道德风尚的典范，她是贤妻，又是良母，是典型的大家闺秀，也是优秀的一家主妇。
她自己生活严谨，工作刻苦，对别人又充满责任感。
在许多国人眼中，她就是那个时代的缩影，她漫长的63年在位时期则是国家繁荣昌盛的顶峰。
维多利亚在位时期，被称作“维多利亚时代”，在英国所有国王中，她享有盛誉，这不是因为她做出了什么轰动的事业，而是因为她什么都不做，而仅仅恪守立宪君主的本分，做她那个时代的表率。
美国文学选读课件
American Natrualism
Applied scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to the study of human beings. Influenced by Darwinism (natural selection) and psychology (Freud) Posited that men were governed by heredity（遗传） and environment. Often depict man in conflict with nature, society, or himself. Prominent from 1880-1920(ish) Naturalism, together with realism, regionalism, is a truly American mode of writing.
Two Poems to facilitate our thinking
"When I was one-and-twenty..." by A. E. Housman (1859-1936)
When I was one-and-twenty I heard a wise man say, 'Give crowns and pounds and guineas But not your heart away; Give pearls away and rubies But keep your fancy free.' But I was one-and-twenty, No use to talk to me.
lecture_4 美国文学史课件
7. Reprentatives: Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Wallace Stevens, T.S. Eliot, Carl Sandburg, Marianne Moore, Hilda Doolittle, Richard Aldington.
Three principles of imagism put forward by Pound: • Direct treatment of thing: • Economy of Expression: • Rhythm:
5. What is an “image” according to Pound:
Fitzgerald: (1896----1940)
• Life: • Works: This Side of Paradise 1920 The Beautiful and Damned 1921 Flappers and Philosophers Tales of the Jazz Ape---- collection of stories
Pound defined an image as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in a stage of time. Later he extended this definition as “a vortex or cluster of fused ideas” “endowed with energy”
英美文学及选读第四讲PPT
English Renaissance
1. Historical Background 3. Three Periods of English Renaissance 4. The Representatives
English Renaissance
Why did Renaissance come to England so late? 1) Separation from the Continent. 2) Domestic unrest: self-destruction. (1) The war-like nobles seized the power. (2) The War of Roses.
参见《学习与实践》p. 4
The Renaissance
They had a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in the activities of humanity. So, humanism is the keynote of the Renaissance.
Version are the main words of native English.
Bible Coinages and Phra事老 tender mercy 体贴、仁慈 loving kindness 慈爱 long suffering 长期忍受苦难 clear as crystal 像水晶一样清澈
What is “heroic couplet”?
Chaucer is the first to use heroic couplet which he introduced from France.
英语专业美国文学第四课教案
The Scarger Chillingworth Arthur Dimmesdale
Synopsis:
Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter “A”: Adultery Able Angel
The Scarlet Letter
Topics for Group 5
1. “A whale-ship was my Yale College and my Harvard.”
2. Typee
3. Ishmael 4. “the gliding great demon of the seas of life”
Reference:
3) What has happened to Hester? Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate? How does this tell us about her character? As a married woman, Hester falls in love with Dimmesdale, a reverend minister of the local community, and their love affair is discovered after she gives birth to a baby daughter. She makes the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate in the hope that the letter may embody her affirmative attitude toward the dilemma in her life, and that it may have the effect of a powerful spell to take her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclose her in a sphere by herself. This detail also mirrors her idea of love and moral value, which is explicitly different from the cowardice and hypocrisy of Dimmesdale.
美国文学课件4
2) Moby Dick
Moby Dick possesses various symbolic meanings for various individuals. 1) Symbol of nature for human beings, because it is mysterious, powerful, unknown. 2) Symbol of evil for the Captain Ahab. 3) Symbol of good and purity because of its whiteness.
American Literature
Lecture 4
Objectives
• Enable the Ss to know the background, representative writers and their works of the Romantic period in American literary history; • Enable the Ss to appreciate Hawthorne’s style by a close reading of “The Minister’s Black Veil” • Enable the Ss to know how to appreciate poems by analyzing Edgar Allan Poe’s “Annabel Lee” from the perspective of form and theme etc.
Sources: ---German Idealism, ---German Transcendentalism ---American Puritanism.
Definition by Emerson
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• Puritans had earlier left England for seclusion in Holland, and came to America in the Mayflower. They wished to set up a new theocracy in which the Puritan ideas of religion and government were to go hand in hand. • Those who settled in and around Massachusetts were bent on forming a new government, a theocracy, with God and Christ at the head, and with their own chosen rulers to interpret God’s will for them.
Features of his works
• 1. setting —— Puritan New England • 2. themes —— evil & sin • 3. idea —— black version toward human beings • 4. feature —— ambiguity: different layers • 5. technique —— symbolism
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Study Points
• • • • Puritanism Hawthorne’s life story Themes and writing styles in his novels The Scarlet Letter
Puritanism
• Puritanism was a religious and political movement that developed in England about the middle of the 16th century and later spread its influence into the New England colonies in America. • And the conception of the Puritans popularly held today is unfair to the general temper of the early sponsors of Puritanism, because the early Puritans were not long-faced reformers, and haters of art and music. In fact, they loved art and music and dancing. They were very intelligent, disciplined, plainly dressed, holding to simplicity and to democratic principles.
Writing Style
• • • • • A. reveal the characters’ psychology B. the use of symbols C. the use of supernatural mixed with the actual D. his stories are parable ---- to teach a lesson E. use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty.
Major Works
• • • • • • • • 1. Short story collection: Twice-Told Tales (1837) Moses from an Old Manse (1846) 2. Novels: The Scarlet Letter (1850) The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance (1852) The Marble Faun (1860)
The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter
Hester & Dimmesdale sin Pearl
Chillingworth
evil A adultery
revenge
original sin
• a. All elements of Hawthorne’s thinking and aesthetics find an adequate expression in The Scarlet Letter. • b. Characters: • Hester Prynne (heroine, attractive, active towards the sin) • Roger Chillingworth (Hester’s husband, emotionless, only thinking about revenge, real villain in the novel, signifying pure intellect which was merciless in Hawthorne’s mind) • Arthur Dimmesdale (a handsome and admirable young priest, contradictory on the sin he made with Hester, being a brave man at last)
The Blackness in Hawthorne
• A. Evil is at the core of human life. • B. Most of his works deals with evil one way or another. • C. Because sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation, sin will get punished, one way or another. • D. He is of the opinion that evil educates.
• Some important Puritan ideas: • 1. Original depravity, “With Adam’s fall, we sinned all.” • 2. God is all, and man is nothing. • 3. Hard work was an ethic, a step toward salvatime of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin on people. • d. The novel is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism.
Hawthorne’s significance as a writer
• 1. Hawthorne is significant as a romantic writer. • 2. Hawthorne is significant for his themes. • 3. Hawthorne is significant for his style.
Nathaniel Hawthorne （1804-1864）
• He was born in Salem, Massachusetts, a Puritan family and raised by his mother. • When he was born, his family declined. He was aware of his ancestors’ misdeeds and thought that the reason of his family’s decline is his ancestors’ misdeeds. • At 17, he went to study in Bowdoin College, Maine, having Franklin Pierce and Longfellow as his classmates (the former becoming America’s 14th President, and the latter the well-known American poet)
• When 21, he added “w” to his name Hathorne. • The next 12 years were so-called “seclusion”, when he lived in his mother’s Salem home to read widely and prepare for his literary career. • In 1851, he published his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter, which at once raised him to the first rank among American writers of fiction. • After Pierce became president, he was asked to be the consul in Liverpool, England. • After 1860 Hawthorne lived in Concord and devoted his remaining years to literature until he died suddenly while on a trip to New Hampshire with his lifelong friend Pierce.