名词和主谓一致
高中英语语法 名词和主谓一致
高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1）专有名词 2）个体名词 3）集体名词 4）物质名词 5）抽象名词*抽象名词具体化（见附1）2、名词的数1）不可数名词 2）可数名词 3）集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4）只有复数形式的名词 5）单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1）’s所有格的构成 2）of所有格的构成 3）双重所有格*易混名词辨析（见附2）二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1）语法一致原则：主单谓单，主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2）意义一致原则：着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3）就近原则：谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1）不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词，谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数，指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语：根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2）集合名词作主语3）以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语，谓语动词用单数：mathematics，physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语，谓语动词用复数：the Philippines, the Humalayas 4）单复同形5）含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的：看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的，谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数，但因其中心词是单数，所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰：形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数：看被修饰的词 6）the+形容词作主语表一类人，用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念，用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7）非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
名词所有格与主谓一致
一、名词所有格1、表示有生命的名词的所有格(1)一般情况，在名词后加“’s ”。
例如：My brother’s bag , the boy’s mother(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在名词右上方加“’”。
例如：The workers’ club , the birds’ song(3)复合名词的所有格，在该复合名词词尾加“’s ”。
例如：Her son-in-law’s photo(4)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加上“’s ”；如果不是共有，两个名词后面都要加上“’s ”。
例如：Jane and Mary’s father （共有）Jane’s and Tom’s fathers （不共有）(5)在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。
例如：At Mr. Green’s 在格林先生家to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家At the tailor’s 在裁缝店at the doctor’s 在诊所2、表示无生命的名词的所有格(1)通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示名词的所有关系。
例如：The gate of the school, the window of the roomThe contribution of science and technology(2)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“’s ”来构成所有格。
例如：Today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walkChina’s industry the station’s waiting room3、名词作定语修饰名词有些名词没有相同意义的形容词形式，起修饰作用时也不表示所有关系，此类作定语的第一个名词大部分是对第二个名词进行分类，或是对第二个名词的属性，来源，时间，地点加以说明，这时可以用“名词(单数)+名词”构成。
例如：A flower garden a kitchen table a tooth brushA time table the room number a shoe shopA fashion magazine a trouser pocket a scissor sharpener4、双重所有格(1)双重所有格的结构将of属格和’s属格结合起来表示所有关系。
二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
二．名词和主谓一致1.名词的数（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
Workun.工作cn.作品，著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。
2.名词的单复数（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
名词、代词及主谓一致
名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。
1）单数主语后面跟由with，along with，together with，except引导的介词词组时，谓语用单数形式。
例如：The actress, along with her manager and somefriends, is going to a party tonight.2）在either，neither，one，each，every+n.，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，someone，somebody，many a，more than one，one of等后面动词应用单数。
例如：One of my friends has a fine collection of stamps ofevery kind and design.If either of you takes a vocation now, we’ll not beable to finish the work.注意在“one of those who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。
而在“the only one ofthose who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用单数，例如：One of the patients that were operated on has aninfection.She is the only one of those girls who likes football inour class.2. 意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。
1）集合名词表一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
常见的有：committee, team, club, crowd, family, group, board, firm, jury, troop, government, army, class, staff, party, union, organization, audience 等。
名词做主语时的主谓一致
• 10)复数形式的单复数同形名词做主语时，按意义 一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反 之，谓语用复数。 • 这类名词有:means（方法）works（工厂） species（种类, Chinese, Japanese等。 如 :The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。 • The (These) glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车场附近。 • 当他们面前有a，such a，this，that修饰时， 谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰 时，谓语用复数，但means，no means，the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数， 也可用作复数。
4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只 指商店，工厂，住宅等作主语时，谓语动词一般用 单数。 例如：The doctor’s is across the street.
常见的省略词有the baker’s ,the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等 表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主 语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或 工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式. 例如： glasses ,clothes ,trousers ,shoes ,
compasses ,chopsticks ,scissors 等
但如果主语用“a kind of ,a pair of ,a series of 等+名词”构成时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式。
crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party,词的使用情况类似。“a group (crowd）of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可 用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
2023年初中英语语法学习之主谓一致高频考点
2023年初中英语语法学习之主谓一致高频考点主谓一致无疑是初中阶段的英语语法学习中的重要语法项目之一，再说从近年的中考来看主谓一致也是一个非常容易考试的知识点。
所以无论是从想要学习好英语的角度还是应对考试的角度来说，掌握主谓一致的知识都是很有必要的。
所谓主谓一致简单说就是，谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
名词与主谓一致1.如果主语名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数形式。
如:Rice is mainly grown in the south of China.水稻主要种植在中国的南方。
My father has a car.我爸爸有辆车。
The weather changes quickly here.这儿的天气变化多端。
2.如果主语是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词则要用第三人称单数。
如:The flowers come out when spring comes.春天来临时百花盛开。
The students are having English class now.学生们正在上英语课。
3. there be句式中的be动词形式根据be后的第一个名词的数而确定用单数还是用复数形式。
如:There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
There are two pandas and a tiger in this zoo.这个动物园有两只熊猫，一只老虎。
4.如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:The singer and actor, Hu Ge, is very handsome.歌星兼演员的胡歌好帅。
The science and technology plays an important part in China.科学技术在中国扮演着重要的角色。
英语的名词主谓一致性
英语的名词主谓一致性名词的主谓一致性是什么样子的呢?大家知道吗?接下来，小编给大家准备了英语的名词主谓一致性,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语的名词主谓一致性1. 并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系a) 由and连接两个名词或者代词作主语时A and B分为以下四种情况：i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用复数形式Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Both the parents and the children are here.ii. A、B表示同一个人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.iii. And连接几个单数主语，主语由each、 every、 no、 many a等词修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数Each boy and each girl is invited.Every boy and girl is invited.No boy and no girl is there now.iv. A、B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn1 up.Bread and butter is nutritious2.b) 由or, not only… but also …, either… or …, neither… nor …连接主语时，谓语的人称和数与靠近的主语一致(注意，叙述句和疑问句随语序不同而不同)Either you or I am mad.Neither you nor he is naughty.Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.c) 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词的时候，谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和主语保持一致All but one were here just now.A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.2. 单一主语的情况a) 以复数形式结尾的统称名词作主语时，例如physics, maths, economics3, news, means4, works5, 等一般在谓语动词中用单数形式, 当然，若表示复数的意思则另当别论Physics is very important.Every means has been tried.b) 当由至少两个部分组成的工具的名称，或者衣服的名称等作主语时，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors6, goods, clothers等，谓语用复数形式;如果这些词由Pair(suit, piece, series,kind)+ of修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数My trousers are white and his clothes are black.A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 复数名词之后，谓语动词则用复数形式These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.3. 动名词，不定式，从句作主语的时候，谓语动词一般要用单数To see is to believe.Swimming is a good way to keep health.Who is her father is not known1.4. 集体名词作主语时a) mankind/humanity/man(人类)作主语的时候，谓语动词一般用单数形式Only man knows how to cook.b) 由people, police, cattle2, youth等集体名词作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式The cattle are grazing3 in the field.c) Family, croud, class, public, enemy等集体名词作主语的时候i. 若当整体看，则谓语动词用单数形式Our class is very diligent4.ii. 若他们表示的人或者事物当作若干个个体来看，谓语动词则用复数形式When I came into the room, his family were watching TV.iii. A family/group/class作主语时，谓语动词用单数families/groups/classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数A group is coming to the zoo.5. 其他情况a) 主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式3 kilometers is not very far.Three times three makes nine.b) one, every/each one, each, anyone, either, neither + of + 复数名词谓语动词一般用单数形式，因为of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，of前面的one, every one … 才是主语Neither of them is right.Each of them has a slide.c) none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数形式none of + 可数名词——谓语动词单复均可None of that money in the desk is his.None of his classmates knows the truth.d) 分数或百分数 + of + 词组分数或百分数+ of +词组作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词或者代词的数;若名词或代词是复数，谓语动词用复数，若名词或代词是单数，则谓语动词用单数Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea.Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.e) more than one +(单数名词)+单数动词more than two +(复数名词)+复数动词More than one white rose has bloomed.More than two white roses have bloomed.f) a (great) number of + 复数名词——用复数动词the number of + 任何名词——用单数动词A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.g) the + 形容词，表示一类人——谓语动词用复数the + 形容词，表示一类物——谓语动词用单数The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The beauty is here.h) every, any, some, no 构成的复合词someone, somebody, something ，no one, nobody, nothing everyone, everybody, everything anyone, anybody, anything这些复合词作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.Listen, someone is knocking at the door.。
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.Smoking is not a good habit.To live happily needs a lot of things.What I said is true.二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. “War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.Each of you is cleverer than me.Neither student has passed the exam.Is anybody here?五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候, 永远用复数动词.Several friends were invited to the party.Both books are sold out.六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.Most of the apple is bad.Most of the apples are bad.None of this money is yours.None of the people here are teachers.七、由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.You or he is wrong.Are you or he wrong?由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.Either he or you have to tell the truth.Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.八、若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.Five thousand dollars is too much.Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.His family are all singers.His family is very large.十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。
英语语法 名词做主语时的主谓一致原则
名词做主语时的主谓一致原则一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.Smoking is not a good habit.To live happily needs a lot of things.What I said is true.二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China.Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.Each of you is cleverer than me.Neither student has passed the exam.Is anybody here?五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,永远用复数动词.Several friends were invited to the party.Both books are sold out.六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.Most of the apple is bad.Most of the apples are bad.None of this money is yours.None of the people here are teachers.七、由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.You or he is wrong.Are you or he wrong?由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.Either he or you have to tell the truth.Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.八、若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.Five thousand dollars is too much.Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.His family are all singers.His family is very large.十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。
英语语法系列讲座之一—名词与主谓一致
语法系列讲座之一名词与主谓一致I．名词的数名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式。
名词的复数形式有两种，一种是规则复数，即在名词原形之后加-s或-es构成，如chairs, classes, stomachs, churches等；另一种是不规则复数，即不是在词尾加-s或-es构成复数，而是通过内部元音变换或其他方式构成，如tooth—teeth, woman—women, ox—oxen, mouse—mice等。
常用的单复数形式相同的名词：deer, means（方式，手段）, Chinese, Japanese, series（系列）, sheep, species（物种，种类）, works（工厂）, jin（斤）, li（里）, yuan（元）等。
应注意复合名词的复数：looker-on—lookers-on, grown-up—grown-ups, man (woman) servant—men (women) servants等。
总是表达复数概念的名词有：people（人们）, police, poultry（家畜）, cattle（畜群）, mankind, womankind。
常见的不可数名词有：advice（建议）, baggage, bread, cash（现金）,equipment（设备，装备）, furniture（家具）, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, traffic, trouble, work 等。
II．限定词与名词的搭配关系III．名词所有格的形式和用法名词所有格一般是在词尾加’s构成，如：the boy’s bag, my sister’s husband, our teacher’s room等。
如果原词已经有复数词尾-s则仅仅加一个（’）即可，如：boys’ school, students’ reading room等。
【高中英语语法】名词和主谓一致
①Youth is beautiful.②H e is a youth of twenty①They ha ve achieved remarkable success in their work.②—How about the Christmas evening party?—I should say it was a success.①I bough t a chicken this morning②Please help yourself to some chicken①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a lookcustoms(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), sp papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。
由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
结构1：名词、代词、限定词、主谓一致
主谓一致是指： 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单 复数形式一致。 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的 词语。例如：一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主 语又不止一个, 谓语和最邻近的那个主语一致。 There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
1）集体名词作主语
① 集体名词如people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), youth等，随后的动词一 般情况下用复数形式。 Are there any police around? Cattle are grazing on the pasture. The police are searching for him.
名词、代词、限定词
名词（数、格、主谓一致）
名词的数
名词可以分为：
Hale Waihona Puke 专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名 词 (Common Nouns）。 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机 构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China 等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽 象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
Exercise 3
1. weeks’, garage 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
collectors’ sister-in-law’s Marvin and Collen’s Susan’s and Saran’s dentist’s Verdi’s attorney-in-general’s Children’s
名词和主谓一致讲解
名词和主谓一致讲解一、命题趋势1.名词：（1）语法填空主要考察考生对句子结构的理解，根据名词的地位和作用，对所给单词进行名词或名词的格的转换；根据数量要求，考察名词的单复数形式。
（2）短文改错主要考察名词的单复数形式或名词的格的转换。
2.主谓一致：（1）在语法填空中要求根据主语的情况正确使用动词的形式，主要考察主谓一致的原则及对句子结构的理解能力。
（2）短文改错中要求考生根据句子结构及主语的情况对谓语形式进行判断，改正错误。
二、考纲内容1.名词：掌握常考的名词词义及其单复数形式；掌握名词的所有格的表达方法；明确哪些名词属于不可数名词，了解不可数名词的性质；熟悉包含名词的固定短语和搭配，并能在具体语境中灵活运用。
2.主谓一致：熟知主谓一致三原则，尤其注意主谓的意义一致。
三、名词（一）名词的分类名词按照词汇意义可分为普通名词和专有名词。
1.普通名词（1）可数名词a.个体名词指作为个体二存在的人或东西，可以指具体的人或物。
例： book; gun; countryb. 集体名词指由个体组成的集体例：army; audience; committee; enemy; family; government（2）不可数名词a.物质名词指无法分为个体的东西例：air; sand; water; oilb.抽象名词例：peace; anger; freedom; confidence2.专有名词用来专门指代某人、某物、某地点、某机构、某组织等的名词，首字母一般要大写。
例：the Changjiang River; English; Saturday; WHO （二）名词的数1.可数名词复数的变化(1)可数名词规则复数变化a.一般情况加-s例：students; teachers; doctors; tablesb.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加-es例：glasses; dishes; boxes; watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词需变y为i，在加-es例：families; babies; armies; bodiesd.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加-s例：boys; toyse.以fe/f结尾的单词，大都变f/fe为v，在加-es例：thieves; wives; knives; shelves; lives少数直接加-s例：beliefs; proofs; roofs; chiefsf.以o结尾的单词，通常加-s例：radios; videos; zoos; tobaccos有的单词加-es例：heroes; potatoes; tomatoesg.合成名词把中心词变为复数例：passers-by; story-tellers; housewives;sisters-in-law(2)可数名词不规则复数变化man→men; woman→women; tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children; goose→geese; mouse→mice; ox→oxen; bacterium→bacteria; crisis→crises; criterion→criteria; datum→data; emphasis→emphases; medium→media; phenomenon→phenomena2.常以复数形式出现的名词clothes衣服; glasses眼镜; chopsticks筷子; trousers 裤子; goods货物; contents目录; sands沙滩; woods森林; times时代; lines台词; surroundings环境; belongings财产; earnings收入; arms武器; manners礼貌; forces军队; savings存款3.有两种复数形式的名词（1）people人民； peoples民族（2）fish鱼（条数）；鱼（种类）fishes4.集体名词的数（1）只表示复数意义的集体名词people人、人们； police警察； cattle牛（2）侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词（这类名词侧重于成员时，表示复数意义，不再变复数形式；侧重整体时表示单数意义，表示多个这样的整体时有复数变化形式）class班级; family家庭; team队; public大众; army军队; government政府5.单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊; deer鹿; works工厂; means方式; series系列; species种类6.名词的数量修饰语（1）只修饰可数名词many; few; several; many a (后接可数名词单数)；a number of; quite a few; dozens of(几十)； scores of（许多，大量）(2)只修饰不可数名词a little; much; a bit of; a great deal of; a large amount of; a sum of(3)修饰可数名词与不可数名词均可some; any; enough; plenty of; a lot of; a mass of; a quantity of; quantities of; most; all（三）名词的所有格1.’s所有格表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加“’s”或“’”，表示所有关系。
主谓一致的10种情况
主谓一致的1０种情况１、集体名词group, class, family, army, enemy,government, 作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语用单数；如果看成一个个的个体，谓语用复数。
My family is a large one.我的家庭是一个大家庭。
All my family love music.我的家人都喜欢音乐。
２、当people, police, cattle 等集体名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数。
The police are running after a thief.警察在追赶一个小偷。
３、在there be 句型中，以及由either---or--- ; neither---nor--- ; notonly---but also--- 连接并列主语时，谓语与邻近主语一致。
Either he or his sister takes care of the old man every day.每天要么他要么他的妹妹照顾那个老人。
４、表示时间、长度、距离、重量、容积、价值等复数名词作主语时，常作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数。
Twenty years is a long time.二十年是一个很长的时间。
５、由each, either, neither或由some, any ,no, every 构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语用单数。
Neither of them is interested in maths.他们两人都对数学不感兴趣。
Someone is looking for you.有人在找你。
６、在四则运算中，谓语用单数或复数都可以。
One and three is/are four.一加三是四。
Two times three is/are six.二乘以三是六。
７、当maths, news, physics 等单数概念、复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
The news is bad.消息很糟糕。
2020年高考英语之高频考点解密二 名词和主谓一致
解密02名词和主谓一致考点详解【命题解读】名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。
名词部分主要考查：①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配②名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）③名词的所有格④抽象名词的具体化⑤名词和冠词的搭配高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：①语法一致②意义一致③就近原则【命题预测】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。
主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
【名师指导】1. 整体把握，注意语境从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查名词的相关知识。
做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。
通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；（3）名词的固定搭配；（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2. 确定考点，注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。
3. 多记单词，积累词缀高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
4. 巧用就近原则当主语是由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列成分时以及在there be 句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。
一、名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词二、名词的数1. 可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－s students，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－es glasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－es families，babies，armies，bodies 以元音字母＋y结尾加－s boys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加－es thieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives考向1 名词的数【名师点睛】①以-o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
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一、考查名词词义辨析 近年来的高考试题语境化程度越来越高,经常考查名词词义在具体语 境中的细微差异。另外,高考还考查考生对容易混淆的名词的辨形、 辨音。地道的英语名词惯用法也是命题者测试的热点。 1.“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice. [2011湖北]
C. competence
D. intelligence
[答案与解析]C consequence“结果;后果”;independence“独立”;
命题趋势
com-petence“能力;胜任”;intelligence“智力”。句意:教师必须不 断更新自己的知识以保持他们的专业能力。
高考考点
备考策略
3.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major A.result C.warning of global climate change. [2011福建] B.cause D.reflection
第一部分
第1专题
语法考点精要
名词和主谓一致
命题趋势 高考考点 备考策略
近几年全国各地高考单项填空中对名词的考查除了湖北卷每年有两
个外,其他地区都相对较少,常常结合冠词或主谓一致考查。2009年 全国各地高考试卷在单项填空中考查名词共计10题;2010年共计8题; 2011年共计8题。当然,完形填空对名词的考查一直是重点,主要通过结合阅
covered with trees and the majority of
black people.[2011湖南] B.is; is D are; is
[答案与解析]A the majority,分数或百分数等作主语时,若指代的是
不可数名词则谓语动词用单数;若指代的是可数名词复数则谓语动词
命题趋势
读语境来考查名词在句子中的意思,而且考查范围较广。今后对名词的考查 趋势仍将放在在不同的语言环境中,让考生识别词义,进行词义辨析。因此,
命题趋势
考生不仅要弄清词义,而且要把握好语言环境。涉及词汇意义的考查, 2011
高考考点
备考策略
年高考部分省区不再局限于单词在教材中的含义,还考查其拓展含义,如2011
高考考点
备考策略
6.There’s a
in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,
they bring in a cake for us all to share. [2011山东]
A.Tradition C.concern
B.balance D.relationship
[答案与解析]A tradition“传统”;balance“平衡”;concern“关心”
命题趋势
;relationship“关系”。句意:在我们办公室有一个传统:如果有人过生 日了,他们总会带蛋糕来一起分享。
高考考点
备考策略
7.Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my
高考考点
备考策略
用复数。句意:全国三分之一的土地被树林覆盖,并且人口大多数是 黑人。
9. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which saved for other purposes.[2011安徽] A.is B.are C.was D.were
项填空、完形填空、短文改错、单词拼写、语篇中的名词词义理解以
及写作等为主。
命题趋势 高考考点 备考策略
高考考过的名词短语有:do sb a favour, give sb an offer, be of great value, have a word with sb, have no choice but to do sth, put...into practice, have an effect on, leave a message for sb, come into effect, be in use, make use of, play an important part / role in等。此外,no point / no wonder / no doubt / no way等词义比较特别,需要大家引起高度的重视。
高考考点
备考策略
最好的决定。本题中commitment有多种含义,因此考生确定语境是
否和其相应含义适合的能力显得非常重要,而这一前提是需要读懂 语境。
5.What’s the
, in your opinion, of helping him if he does
n’t make an effort to help himself? [2011江西]
A.anger
命题趋势
B.rudeness
C.regret
D.panic
[答案与解析]D 本题中根据“Be quick!”以及“The house is on fire!” 可判断妈妈应该是非常惊慌,因此选panic“惊慌”。anger“生气”; rudeness“粗鲁”;regret“后悔;遗憾”。句意:“汤米,快点跑!房子着火
widely read, of whose works,
difficult to understand.[2010四川] B.is; is
C.are; is
D.is; are
[答案与解析]A 主句中的主语为poets,谓语动词用复数;其后的非限制
命题趋势
性定语从句的主语为some of whose works,谓语动词也应用复数。故选 A项。
,
A.project
petition
mitment
D.ambition
[答案与解析]B project“计划;规划”;commitment“承诺;约定”; competition“竞争”;ambition“雄心”。句意:放弃我的工作回去
命题趋势
接受全日制教育是一个很大的承诺,可是现在我知道那是我做过的
[答案与解析]B 表示原因常用名词cause (of) 和reason (for);warning “警告”;reflection“反映”。句意:公众 环保意识的缺失被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。
高考考点
备考策略
4.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. [2011湖北]
高考考点
备考策略
二、考查名词的可数、不可数和主谓一致
常见的不可数名词有:advice, information, fun, music, furniture, behavior, equipment, housework, news, knowledge, progress, traffic, weather等。
A.sympathy
B.theme
C.object
D.point
[答案与解析]D sympathy“同情”;theme“主题”;object“物体”;
命题趋势
point“意义;用途”。此题采用排除法易排除A、B、C三项。point 常见的意思是“点;要点”,此处意为“意义;用途”。句意:在你看 来,如果他不努力自救,你帮助他有什么意义呢?由此题看来,考生务 必掌握常见词的一些课本以外的含义。
年江西卷考查了名词point,其基本含义是“点;要点;观点”,但考查的含义却 是“意义;用途”。这是老师和考生在2012年高考备考时应该特别注意的问 题。
高考命题主要考查名词的词义辨析。此外,还考查名词的可数与不可
数及其相互转化、抽象名词具体化、名词在特殊情况下复数的使用、
名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的固定搭配、名词和冠词的搭配以及 主谓一致等。在高考试题中,名词常结合其他项目一起考查,题型以单
高考考点
备考策略
纵观历年全国各地高考对名词的考查,主要体现了其灵活性。因此考
生平时必须加强名词基础知识的学习,如:名词的数、名词的所有格、
主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法 ,理解名词的含义,梳理名词常考知识点,拓展名词的常见含义。同时,考
命题趋势
高考考点
备考策略
生做题时要灵活使用所学的基础知识,把握重难点,认真审题,依据语境 进行分析判断。
高考主要考查英语句子中名词作主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数方 面的一致关系。命题常结合名词、数词和主谓一致来考查考生在语 境中的使用。名词、数词和主谓一致在英语语法中的地位不是特别
命题趋势
高考考点
备考策略
重要,但是在高考中还是会经常出现并且试题的难度亦较大,通常以 单项填空的形式出现。
8.One-third of the country the citizens A.is; are C.are; are
[答案与解析]D 考查定语从句中主谓一致的用法。句意:工厂用了
65%的原料,剩余的被储存起来,另作它用。非限制性定语从句中的
命题趋势
引导词which指代先行词materials,故谓语动词用复数形式;又因为主 句中用了过去式used,所以此处选择were。
高考考点
备考策略
10.Such poets as Shakespeare however,some A.are; are
不可数名词前通常不用不定冠词;作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形 式。有一些抽象名词在一定情况下,特别是有限制性定语修饰时,意 义常常被具体化,变为可数名词。如:attraction, comfort, danger, experi